WO2018236485A1 - Inhibiteur de contamination de conduite d'injection de fluide pour système de cathéter intravasculaire - Google Patents

Inhibiteur de contamination de conduite d'injection de fluide pour système de cathéter intravasculaire Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018236485A1
WO2018236485A1 PCT/US2018/032512 US2018032512W WO2018236485A1 WO 2018236485 A1 WO2018236485 A1 WO 2018236485A1 US 2018032512 W US2018032512 W US 2018032512W WO 2018236485 A1 WO2018236485 A1 WO 2018236485A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
check valve
subcooler
connection port
injection line
fluid injection
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/US2018/032512
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English (en)
Inventor
Chadi Harmouche
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cryterion Medical Inc
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Cryterion Medical Inc
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Publication date
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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by cooling, e.g. cryogenic techniques
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B2018/00571—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body for achieving a particular surgical effect
    • A61B2018/00577—Ablation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by cooling, e.g. cryogenic techniques
    • A61B2018/0212—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by cooling, e.g. cryogenic techniques using an instrument inserted into a body lumen, e.g. catheter
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/02—Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by cooling, e.g. cryogenic techniques
    • A61B2018/0231—Characteristics of handpieces or probes
    • A61B2018/0262—Characteristics of handpieces or probes using a circulating cryogenic fluid
    • A61B2018/0268—Characteristics of handpieces or probes using a circulating cryogenic fluid with restriction of flow

Definitions

  • Cardiac arrhythmias involve an abnormality in the electrical conduction of the heart and are a leading cause of stroke, heart disease, and sudden cardiac death.
  • Treatment options for patients with arrhythmias include medications, implantable devices, and catheter ablation of cardiac tissue.
  • Catheter ablation involves delivering ablative energy to tissue inside the heart to block aberrant electrical activity from depolarizing heart muscle cells out of synchrony with the heart's normal conduction pattern.
  • the procedure is performed by positioning a portion, such as a tip, of an energy delivery catheter adjacent to diseased or targeted tissue in the heart.
  • a portion such as a tip
  • One form of energy that is used to ablate diseased heart tissue includes cryogenics (also referred to herein as "cryoablation").
  • cryogenics also referred to herein as "cryoablation”
  • the tip of the catheter is positioned adjacent to targeted cardiac tissue, at which time energy is delivered to create tissue necrosis, rendering the ablated tissue incapable of conducting electrical signals.
  • the dose of the energy delivered is an important factor in increasing the likelihood that the treated tissue is permanently incapable of conduction.
  • delicate collateral tissue such as the esophagus, the bronchus, and the phrenic nerve surrounding the ablation zone can be damaged and can lead to undesired complications.
  • the operator must finely balance delivering therapeutic levels of energy to achieve intended tissue necrosis while avoiding excessive energy leading to collateral tissue injury.
  • Atrial fibrillation is one of the most common arrhythmias treated using cryoablation.
  • the treatment strategy involves isolating the pulmonary veins from the left atrial chamber.
  • Balloon cryotherapy catheter procedures to treat atrial fibrillation have increased.
  • a cryogenic fluid such as nitrous oxide, or any other suitable fluid
  • the extremely frigid cryogenic fluid causes necrosis of the targeted tissue, thereby rendering the ablated tissue incapable of conducting unwanted electrical signals.
  • Cryoablation procedures use high pressure cryogenic fluid injected into the catheter from a control console to create cooling at the targeted cardiac tissue.
  • cryogenic fluid In order to ensure that the cryogenic fluid is in liquid state, it passes through a fluid injection line, including small diameter tubes, and one or more subcoolers. Since the subcoolers operate at temperatures that are subzero degrees Celsius, any humidity in the fluid injection line from the environment or any other source can freeze and cause blockages in the intravascular catheter system obstructing the path of the cryogenic fluid.
  • the intravascular catheter system generally includes fluid injection lines and/or connection ports with very small diameters.
  • the present invention is directed toward a fluid injection line contamination inhibitor (sometimes referred to herein as "contamination inhibitor") for an intravascular catheter system (sometimes referred to herein as “catheter system”).
  • the catheter system is used during a cryoablation procedure.
  • the catheter system can include a fluid source, a subcooler that is downstream from the fluid source and a fluid injection line.
  • the contamination inhibitor can include a first check valve that is in fluid communication with the fluid source.
  • the first check valve can be positioned along the fluid injection line downstream from the subcooler. The first check valve can be configured to inhibit contaminants in the fluid injection line from moving upstream to near the subcooler.
  • the catheter system can further include a handle assembly that is in fluid communication with the fluid source.
  • the first check valve can be positioned between the handle assembly and the subcooler.
  • the catheter system can include a connection port that is positioned between the handle assembly and the subcooler.
  • the first check valve can be positioned between the connection port and the subcooler. In one embodiment, the first check valve can be positioned near the connection port. In another embodiment, the first check valve can be positioned at the connection port.
  • the contamination inhibitor can also include a second check valve that is in fluid communication with the fluid source.
  • the second check valve can be positioned along the fluid injection line downstream from the subcooler and the first check valve.
  • the second check valve can also be configured to inhibit contaminants in the fluid injection line from moving upstream to near the subcooler.
  • the second check valve can be positioned between the handle assembly port and the subcooler. In one embodiment, the second check valve can be positioned between the handle assembly and the connection port. In another embodiment, the second check valve can be positioned at the connection port and the subcooler.
  • the present invention is also directed toward a method for inhibiting contaminants from moving upstream in a fluid injection line of a catheter system to near a subcooler by positioning a first check valve along the fluid injection line downstream from the subcooler.
  • the step of inhibiting can include positioning the first check valve between the subcooler and a handle assembly.
  • the step of inhibiting can include positioning the first check valve near a connection port.
  • the connection port can be positioned between the handle assembly and the subcooler.
  • the step of inhibiting can include positioning the first check valve at the connection port.
  • the method can further comprise the step of inhibiting contaminants from moving upstream in the fluid injection line to near the subcooler by positioning a second check valve along the fluid injection line downstream from the subcooler and the first check valve.
  • the step of inhibiting can include positioning the second check valve between the handle assembly and the connection port.
  • the step of inhibiting can include positioning the second check valve between the connection port and the subcooler.
  • the present invention can also be directed toward a contamination inhibitor for a catheter system.
  • the catheter system can include a fluid source, a handle assembly, a subcooler that is downstream from the fluid source, a fluid injection line and a connection port that is positioned between the handle assembly and the subcooler.
  • the contamination inhibitor can include a first check valve and a second check valve that are in fluid communication with the fluid source.
  • the first check valve can be positioned along the fluid injection line between the subcooler and the connection port.
  • the second check valve can be positioned along the fluid injection line downstream from the subcooler and the first check valve. Both the first check valve and the second check valve can be configured to inhibit contaminants in the fluid injection line from moving upstream to near the subcooler.
  • first check valve can be positioned near the connection port and the second check valve can be positioned at the connection port.
  • first check valve can be positioned near the connection port and the second check valve can be positioned between the handle assembly and the connection port.
  • first check valve can be positioned at the connection port and the second check valve can be positioned between the handle assembly and the connection port.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a patient and one embodiment of an intravascular catheter system including a fluid injection line contamination inhibitor having features of the present invention.
  • cryogenics various other forms of energy can be used to ablate diseased heart tissue. These can include radio frequency (RF), ultrasound and laser energy, as non-exclusive examples.
  • RF radio frequency
  • ultrasound ultrasound
  • laser energy as non-exclusive examples.
  • the present invention is intended to be effective with any or all of these and other forms of energy.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic side view of one embodiment of an intravascular catheter system 10 (also sometimes referred to herein as a "catheter system") for use with a patient 12, which can be a human being or an animal.
  • a catheter system 10 also sometimes referred to herein as a "catheter system”
  • the catheter system 10 is specifically described herein with respect to an intravascular catheter system, it is understood and appreciated that other types of catheter systems and/or ablation systems can equally benefit by the teachings provided herein.
  • the present invention can be equally applicable for use with any suitable types of ablation systems and/or any suitable types of catheter systems.
  • the specific reference herein to use as part of the intravascular catheter system is not intended to be limiting in any manner.
  • the design of the catheter system 10 can be varied.
  • the catheter system 10 can include one or more of a control system 14, a fluid source 16, a balloon catheter 18, a handle assembly 20, a control console 22, a graphical display 24, one or more subcoolers 26 (only one subcooler 26 is illustrated in Figure 1 for clarity), a fluid injection line 28 and a fluid injection line contamination inhibitor 30 (also sometimes referred to herein as a "contamination inhibitor").
  • a control system 14 a fluid source 16
  • balloon catheter 18 a handle assembly 20
  • a control console 22 a graphical display 24
  • one or more subcoolers 26 only one subcooler 26 is illustrated in Figure 1 for clarity
  • a fluid injection line 28 and a fluid injection line contamination inhibitor 30 (also sometimes referred to herein as a "contamination inhibitor").
  • Figure 1 illustrates the structures of the catheter system 10 in a particular position, sequence and/or order, these structures can be located in any suitably different position, sequence and/or order than that illustrated in Figure 1 .
  • the catheter system 10 can include fewer or additional components than those specifically illustrated and described herein.
  • the control system 14 is configured to monitor and control the various processes of a cryoablation procedure. More specifically, the control system 14 can control release and/or retrieval of a cryogenic fluid 31 to and/or from the balloon catheter 18. In certain embodiments, the control system 14 can control various structures described herein that are responsible for maintaining and/or adjusting a flow rate and/or fluid pressure of the cryogenic fluid 31 that is released to the balloon catheter 18 during the cryoablation procedure.
  • the catheter system 10 delivers ablative energy in the form of the cryogenic fluid 31 to cardiac tissue of the patient 12 to create tissue necrosis, rendering the ablated tissue incapable of conducting electrical signals.
  • the control system 14 can control activation and/or deactivation of one or more other processes of the balloon catheter 18 described herein.
  • the control system 14 can receive data and/or other information (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "sensor output") from various structures within the catheter system 10.
  • the control system 14 can assimilate and/or integrate the sensor output, and/or any other data or information received from any structure within the catheter system 10.
  • the control system 14 can control positioning of portions of the balloon catheter 18 within the body of the patient 12, and/or can control any other suitable functions of the balloon catheter 18.
  • the fluid source 16 contains the cryogenic fluid 31 , which is delivered to the balloon catheter 18 with or without input from the control system 14 during the cryoablation procedure.
  • the type of cryogenic fluid 31 that is used during the cryoablation procedure can vary.
  • the cryogenic fluid 31 can include liquid nitrous oxide.
  • the cryogenic fluid 31 can include liquid nitrogen.
  • any other suitable cryogenic fluid 31 can be used. It is understood that although the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1 focuses on delivery of the cryogenic fluid 31 to the balloon catheter 18 (as indicated by directional arrows 32A-E), the cryogenic fluid 31 is also retrieved, vented or exhausted (typically in a gaseous state). However, the retrieval of the cryogenic fluid 31 is not shown in Figure 1 for the sake of clarity.
  • the design of the balloon catheter 18 can be varied to suit the specific requirements of the catheter system 10. As shown, the balloon catheter 18 is inserted into the body of the patient 12 during the cryoablation procedure. In one embodiment, the balloon catheter 18 can be positioned within the body of the patient 12 using the control system 14. Stated in another manner, the control system 14 can control positioning of the balloon catheter 18 within the body of the patient 12. Alternatively, the balloon catheter 18 can be manually positioned within the body of the patient 12 by a health care professional (also sometimes referred to herein as an "operator"). As used herein, health care professional and/or operator can include a physician, a physician's assistant, a nurse and/or any other suitable person and/or individual.
  • a health care professional also sometimes referred to herein as an "operator”
  • health care professional and/or operator can include a physician, a physician's assistant, a nurse and/or any other suitable person and/or individual.
  • the balloon catheter 18 is positioned within the body of the patient 12 utilizing at least a portion of the sensor output received from the balloon catheter 18.
  • the sensor output is received by the control system 14, which can then provide the operator with information regarding the positioning of the balloon catheter 18. Based at least partially on the sensor output feedback received by the control system 14, the operator can adjust the positioning of the balloon catheter 18 within the body of the patient 12 to ensure that the balloon catheter 18 is properly positioned relative to targeted cardiac tissue. While specific reference is made herein to the balloon catheter 18, as noted above, it is understood that any suitable type of medical device and/or catheter may be used.
  • the handle assembly 20 is handled and used by the operator to operate, position and/or control the balloon catheter 18.
  • the design and specific features of the handle assembly 20 can vary to suit the design requirements of the catheter system 10.
  • the handle assembly 20 is separate from, but in electrical and/or fluid communication with the control system 14, the fluid source 16, the graphical display 24, the subcooler(s) 26 and/or the contamination inhibitor 30.
  • the handle assembly 20 can integrate and/or include at least a portion of the control system 14 within an interior of the handle assembly 20. It is understood that the handle assembly 20 can include additional components than those specifically illustrated and described herein.
  • the control console 22 can contain one or more of the other structures of the catheter system 10.
  • the control console 22 includes at least a portion of the control system 14, the fluid source 16, the graphical display 24, the subcooler(s) 26, the fluid injection line 28 and the contamination inhibitor 30.
  • the control console 22 can contain additional structures not shown or described herein.
  • the control console 22 may not include various structures that are illustrated within the control console 22 in Figure 1 .
  • the control console 22 does not include the graphical display 24.
  • the graphical display 24 is electrically connected to the control system 14. Additionally, the graphical display 24 provides the operator of the catheter system 10 with information that can be used before, during and after the cryoablation procedure. For example, the graphical display 24 can provide the operator with information based on the sensor output, and any other relevant information that can be used before, during and after the cryoablation procedure. The specifics of the graphical display 24 can vary depending upon the design requirements of the catheter system 10, or the specific needs, specifications and/or desires of the operator.
  • the graphical display 24 can provide static visual data and/or information to the operator.
  • the graphical display 24 can provide dynamic visual data and/or information to the operator, such as video data or any other data that changes over time.
  • the graphical display 24 can include one or more colors, different sizes, varying brightness, etc., that may act as alerts to the operator. Additionally, or in the alternative, the graphical display 24 can provide audio data or information to the operator.
  • the subcooler 26 maintains the cryogenic fluid 31 in a liquid state during delivery of the cryogenic fluid 31 to the balloon catheter 18.
  • the subcooler 26 is in fluid communication with the fluid source 16.
  • the design or type of subcooler 26 can be varied depending upon the design requirements of the catheter system 10.
  • the subcooler 26 may utilize any suitable process and/or method to maintain the cryogenic fluid 31 in the liquid state.
  • the subcooler 26 operates at relatively cold temperatures, e.g., less than zero degrees Celsius, in order to maintain the cryogenic fluid 31 in the liquid state. Consequently, any water, e.g., from humidity, or other undesirable particles, compounds, etc.
  • the subcooler 26 may be positioned at any location downstream from the fluid source 16.
  • the fluid injection line 28 is a conduit that allows the cryogenic fluid 31 to move from the fluid source 16 to the balloon catheter 18.
  • the cryogenic fluid 31 can move from the fluid source 16 to the balloon catheter 18 in a direction of directional arrows 32A-E.
  • the fluid injection line 28 can be an uninterrupted line that extends from the fluid source 16 to the balloon catheter 18.
  • the fluid injection line 28 can be interrupted, e.g., the fluid injection line 28 can have two or more delivery line segments (not shown), each of which connects one structure to another along the path from the fluid source 16 to the balloon catheter 18.
  • the handle assembly 20 may be connected to the control console 22 via one such delivery line segment.
  • the fluid injection line 28 can include a relatively small diameter tube, which may be more susceptible to potential clogging or blocking by the presence of contaminants.
  • the contamination inhibitor 30 inhibits or prevents contaminants from moving upstream, e.g., in a direction opposite of directional arrows 32A-E, through the fluid injection line 28 to a location near the subcooler 26 where such contaminants can freeze.
  • Near the subcooler 26 can include any position along the fluid injection line 28 within the control console 22, wherein any contaminants within the fluid injection line 28 are not a sufficient distance from the subcooler 26, such that the contaminants can be subject freezing and/or clogging or blocking the fluid injection line 28.
  • the design or type of contamination inhibitor 30 can be varied depending upon the design requirements of the catheter system 10.
  • the contamination inhibitor 30 can include one or more check valves 34A, 34B that are in fluid communication with the fluid source.
  • Figure 1 illustrates a first check valve 34A and a second check valve 34B that is downstream from the first check valve 34A. While the embodiment illustrated in Figure 1 shows the first check valve 34A and the second check valve 34B, it is understood that the contamination inhibitor can include any number of check valves 34A, 34B, i.e., one check valve, two check valves, three check valves, etc. It is further understood that the first check valve 34A and the second check valve 34B can be used interchangeably.
  • check valve 34A, 34B can be referred to as the "first check valve 34A” or the “second check valve 34B.”
  • the contamination inhibitor 30 can include any other suitable valve or type of device that can regulate, direct or control the flow of the cryogenic fluid 31 to prevent contaminants from moving upstream through the fluid injection line 28 to a location near the subcooler(s) 26.
  • the design or type of the check valves 34A, 34B can also vary.
  • the check valves 34A, 34B can include a design or type of valve that allows the cryogenic fluid 31 to flow in only one direction, e.g., in the direction of directional arrows 32A-E, but inhibits or prevents the cryogenic fluid 31 from flowing upstream.
  • the check valves 34A, 34B can allow the cryogenic fluid 31 to flow through the fluid injection line 28 in only one direction via any suitable manner or method, such as mechanically or electrically, for example. Accordingly, the check valves 34A, 34B can be configured to inhibit contaminants within the fluid injection line 28 from moving upstream to near the subcooler(s) 26.
  • the control console 22 and/or catheter system can include a connection port 36.
  • the connection port 36 can be a port that directly or indirectly connects the handle assembly 20 to the control console 22, the control system 14 or other structures of the catheter system 10.
  • the catheter system 10 may also include one or more delivery line segments.
  • the connection port 36 can be positioned at any location between the handle assembly 20 and the subcooler(s) 26.
  • the check valves 34A, 34B can be positioned along the fluid injection line 28 at the connection port 36.
  • "at" the connection port 36 can include any position along the fluid injection line 28 within the control console 22 that is immediately adjacent to or neighboring the connection port 36.
  • the check valve 34 can be positioned along the fluid injection line 28 near the connection port 36.
  • "near the connection port 36" can include along the fluid injection line 28 within the control console 22, but away from the subcooler(s) 26, such that contaminants may be a sufficient distance from the subcooler(s) 26 to not be subject freezing, clogging or blocking the fluid injection line 28.
  • the cryogenic fluid 31 can flow through the fluid injection line 28 in one direction, while contaminants are inhibited from flowing upstream through the fluid injection line 28 between the connection port 36 and the subcooler(s) 26 and/or the control system 14.
  • the check valves 34A, 34B can be positioned at one or more locations other than near the connection port 36, or in addition to near the connection port 36.
  • check valves 34A, 34B can be positioned at any location downstream, i.e., toward the balloon catheter 18 or in the direction of directional arrows 32A-E, from the subcooler(s) 26, such as between the handle assembly 20 and the subcooler 26, for example.
  • the check valves 34A, 34B can be positioned between the handle assembly 20 and the connection port 36 and/or the connection port 36 and the subcooler 26. In still other alternative embodiments, the check valves 34A, 34B can be positioned either inside of the control console 22, outside of the control console 22, or both inside and outside of the control console 22.
  • the contamination inhibitor 30, i.e., check valves 34A, 34B allows movement of the cryogenic fluid 31 within the fluid injection line 28 in accordance with the directional arrows 32A-E, while inhibiting movement of cryogenic fluid 31 and/or contaminants within the fluid injection line 28 in a direction opposite of directional arrows 32A-E.

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Abstract

Un inhibiteur de contamination de conduite d'injection de fluide (30) pour un système de cathéter intravasculaire (10) comprend un premier clapet anti-retour (34A) qui est en communication fluidique avec une source de fluide (16). Le premier clapet anti-retour (34A) est configuré pour empêcher des contaminants dans une conduite d'injection de fluide (28) de se déplacer en amont vers un sous-refroidisseur (26). Le premier clapet anti-retour (34A) est positionné le long de la conduite d'injection de fluide (28) en aval du sous-refroidisseur (26). Le premier clapet anti-retour (34A) peut être positionné entre un orifice de connexion (36) et le sous-refroidisseur (26), y compris près de l'orifice de connexion (36) ou au niveau de l'orifice de connexion (36). L'inhibiteur de contamination de conduite d'injection de fluide (30) peut en outre comprendre un second clapet anti-retour (34B) qui est en communication fluidique avec la source de fluide (16). Le second clapet anti-retour (34B) est positionné le long de la conduite d'injection de fluide (28) en aval du sous-refroidisseur (26) et du premier clapet anti-retour (34A).
PCT/US2018/032512 2017-06-22 2018-05-14 Inhibiteur de contamination de conduite d'injection de fluide pour système de cathéter intravasculaire Ceased WO2018236485A1 (fr)

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US201762523650P 2017-06-22 2017-06-22
US62/523,650 2017-06-22

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20070253463A1 (en) * 2006-04-14 2007-11-01 Deka Products Limited Partnership Thermal and conductivity sensing systems, devices and methods
US20090171333A1 (en) * 2007-12-27 2009-07-02 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. System and method for controllably delivering liquid coolant to a cryo-ablation device
US20140163538A1 (en) * 2012-12-06 2014-06-12 Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. Refrigerant Supply System for Cryotherapy Including Refrigerant Recompression and Associated Devices, Systems, and Methods
US20150351822A1 (en) * 2014-06-04 2015-12-10 Thomas Mulcahey Method and system for consistent, repeatable, and safe cryospray treatment of airway tissue
US20160089196A1 (en) * 2012-03-02 2016-03-31 Ron Burr Cryosurgery system
US20160228291A1 (en) * 2002-09-12 2016-08-11 Zoll Circulation, Inc. System And Method For Determining And Controlling Core Body Temperature

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20160228291A1 (en) * 2002-09-12 2016-08-11 Zoll Circulation, Inc. System And Method For Determining And Controlling Core Body Temperature
US20070253463A1 (en) * 2006-04-14 2007-11-01 Deka Products Limited Partnership Thermal and conductivity sensing systems, devices and methods
US20090171333A1 (en) * 2007-12-27 2009-07-02 Boston Scientific Scimed, Inc. System and method for controllably delivering liquid coolant to a cryo-ablation device
US20160089196A1 (en) * 2012-03-02 2016-03-31 Ron Burr Cryosurgery system
US20140163538A1 (en) * 2012-12-06 2014-06-12 Medtronic Ardian Luxembourg S.A.R.L. Refrigerant Supply System for Cryotherapy Including Refrigerant Recompression and Associated Devices, Systems, and Methods
US20150351822A1 (en) * 2014-06-04 2015-12-10 Thomas Mulcahey Method and system for consistent, repeatable, and safe cryospray treatment of airway tissue

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