WO2019013731A2 - Système de brûleur à combustible solide à combustion sans fumée par un processus de gazéification, entièrement automatisé et à capacité et efficacité maximisées - Google Patents

Système de brûleur à combustible solide à combustion sans fumée par un processus de gazéification, entièrement automatisé et à capacité et efficacité maximisées Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019013731A2
WO2019013731A2 PCT/TR2018/050213 TR2018050213W WO2019013731A2 WO 2019013731 A2 WO2019013731 A2 WO 2019013731A2 TR 2018050213 W TR2018050213 W TR 2018050213W WO 2019013731 A2 WO2019013731 A2 WO 2019013731A2
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Prior art keywords
combustion
gasification
solid fuel
air
grate
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PCT/TR2018/050213
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WO2019013731A3 (fr
Inventor
Ali Nizami Ozcan
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Agema Muhendislik Arastirma Gelistirme Makine Endustriyel Tesisler Sanayi Ve Ticaret AS
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Agema Muhendislik Arastirma Gelistirme Makine Endustriyel Tesisler Sanayi Ve Ticaret AS
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Publication of WO2019013731A2 publication Critical patent/WO2019013731A2/fr
Publication of WO2019013731A3 publication Critical patent/WO2019013731A3/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/002—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor characterised by their grates
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
    • F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
    • F23G5/027—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment pyrolising or gasifying stage
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2201/00—Pretreatment
    • F23G2201/40—Gasification
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/101—Furnace arrangements with stepped or inclined grate
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/12—Waste feed arrangements using conveyors
    • F23G2205/121—Screw conveyor
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2205/00—Waste feed arrangements
    • F23G2205/14—Waste feed arrangements using hopper or bin

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gasification process smokeless combustion, fully automated capacity and efficiency maximization solid fuel burner system, which, through replacement with the liquid or gas fuel burner on the front side of boilers operating with liquid and gas fuels in the state of the art, enable that the boiler operates with solid fuel.
  • coal which is the most com mon solid fuel and has a wide area of use in heating and industry fields, is burned with high efficiency and without smoke.
  • Overfeed stoker systems can be classified in three groups namely ejection type stokers, propulsion stokers and rotary grate (pallet) stokers.
  • I n ejection type overfeed stokers combustion is ensured through scattering fresh coal on the flame in the fixed or traveling grate combustion chamber with a mechanical ejection system. Due to the fact that com bustible gasses rapidly coming out of the fresh coa l scattered on the combustion bed with an automated ejection system cannot be burned, combustion efficiency remains at a very low level.
  • I n advanced type overfeed stoker com bustion systems coal is fed directly over the grate. As generation of smoke as an incomplete combustion product also cannot be avoided in these combustion systems, combustion efficiency also remains at a low level.
  • I n rotary grate (pallet) type overfeed combustion systems fresh coal directly fed over the pallet rotary grates starts burning, and completes the combustion as ash and clinker from the other end.
  • this type of overfeed combustion systems generation of smoke due to incomplete combustion arising from the combustion method cannot be avoided, and combustion efficiency also remains at a low level.
  • Underfeed stokers are loaded to the combustion system function of a boiler through application on the front side of the boiler as a pre-furnace. Due to the method of coal feed to the combustion chamber, a relatively more efficient combustion is attained in terms of combustibility of flamma ble gasses compared with the combustion system in overfeed stokers.
  • Pulverized coal burner systems are combustion systems that have a wide area of use especially in thermal power stations generating electricity. As a significant part of the gasses rapidly coming out from the fresh pulverized coal ejected to the combustion chamber are not burned, generation of smoke cannot be avoided.
  • Gasification is the process of transforming hydrocarbonated fuels such as coal, petroleum, biomass and solid wastes into flammable gasses such as carbon monoxide (CO), Hydrogen (H2) and Methane (CH4) through partial oxidation.
  • Gasification process can be performed through using air, water vapor or their mixtures at various ratios as oxidants; on a pressurized or atmospherically fixed bed, a bubble fluidized bed, circulating fluidized bed, using drift current and plasma gasifiers.
  • the amount of oxygen necessary in gasification processes are generally one-third of or less than the amount needed for theoretical combustion, and such ratio can differ based on the property of the gasified coal.
  • coal gasification The purpose of coal gasification is; to obtain gas products through making coal react with water vapor, air, oxygen and hydrogen. Composition and amount of gasses generated through gasification of coals depend on the type and activity of the coal, type of the used gasses and the adopted gasification method. It is of importance that gas fuels obtained especially from gasification of volatile and high-humidity lignite, semi-bituminous and bituminous coals are utilized economically. DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
  • the invention is "Gasification process smokeless combustion, fully automated capacity and efficiency maximization solid fuel burner system", and it has been developed after years of research-development (R&D) and optimization studies.
  • I nvention subject solid fuel burner system incorporates a smokeless combustion method through a fully automated, controlled gasification process ensured in the solid fuel gasification duct through the gasification and combustion ai r inlet and distribution system, gasification and combustion air supply system, solid fuel feed and gasification preparation system.
  • it is a fully automated gasification smokeless combustion new technology solid fuel burner system that, with its smokeless combustion chamber design, adjustable grate system according to the combustion efficiency and combustion efficiency- sensitive automation system, maximizes solid fuel combustion capacity and smokeless combustion efficiency through a news system and elements that minimize capacity and efficiency losses in the control of combustion and disposals of the wastes.
  • I nvention subject gasification process smokeless combustion, fully automated capacity and efficiency maximization new solid fuel bu rner has been developed to be implemented in the industry through replacement with the liquid/gas fuel burners on the existing domestic and industrial hot water, superheated water, hot oil and steam boilers in the state of the art.
  • FIG. 1 A solid fuel burner mounted on an industrial type large capacity steam boiler is illustrated in Figure 1. and in Figure 2, a detailed view is provided for the gasification and smokeless combustion process used in the system.
  • Travelling grate system hydraulic drive actuator unit connected to the automation system
  • Oxygen analyzer controlling the grate movement through the automation system.
  • the patent subject solid fuel burner system mounted on the boiler (10) instead of a liquid fuel or natural gas burner; is started through connecting on the lower side to the heater fluid inlet pipe from the boiler to the main frame of the burner (20), and on the upper side to the heating fluid outlet pipe from the burner mai n frame to the boiler (30).
  • Patent subject gasification process smokeless combustion, fully automated capacity and efficiency maximization solid fuel burner system is a gasification solid fuel burner with the fully automated gasification process smokeless combustion method that performs water vapor generation, air-fuel pre-heating and gasification with air + water vapor through the gasification and combustion air inlet and distribution system (40), combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50), gasification and combustion air supply system (60), solid fuel feed and gasification preparation system (70), solid fuel gasification duct (80) and the gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90).
  • gasification process smokeless com bustion, fully automated capacity and efficiency maximization solid fuel burner is; is a fully automated capacity and efficiency maximization solid fuel burner incorporating combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50), travelling-fixed compounded grate system with different grate openings with speed adjustment according to the combustion efficiency (100), grate system last fixed compound inlet temperature system (110) that control the grate movement based on the combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50) through measuring the combustion waste ash-clinker temperature on the last fixed compound in the grate system, and grate system last fixed compound outlet temperature sensor (120), oxygen analyzer (130) that measure the oxygen in the combustion gasses and control the grate movement through the automation system in order to maximize the combustion efficiency and solid fuel combustion wastes discharge system (140) that prevent capacity and efficiency losses.
  • combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system 50
  • travelling-fixed compounded grate system with different grate openings with speed adjustment according to the combustion efficiency (100) travelling-fixed compounded grate system with different grat
  • gasification air and water vapor supplied through the gasification and combustion air supply system (60) are used within the scope of gasification and combustion air inlet and distribution system (40).
  • water vapor is not supplied from an external source, but is the water vapor generated from the construction dampness in the solid fuel fed to gasification air circulation double-walled solid fuel feed hopper (72) with the heat obtained from the solid and gas fuel burned in the gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90) within the solid fuel feed and gasification preparation system (70), in other words, it is the water in the fed solid fuel.
  • the new solid fuel burner vaporizing and using the water especially in lignite and bituminous coals with high humidity and volatile matter contents, in this sense is a gasifier combustion system that is combined with both a highly economic gasifier and a burner that allowing for smokeless and high-efficiency combustion of gases obtained with the gasification process in the gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90).
  • the gasification and combustion air inlet and distribution system (40) is mounted on the upper front side of the burner as seen in Figures 1 and 2 and is a system with a removable steel construction design, consists of five functional elements, which are main air inlet duct with forced blower fan (41), natural draught and aspiration main air inlet duct (42), gasification air guide duct (43), gas combustion air guide duct (44) and post-gasification solid combustion air guide duct (45), and performs the air inlet and distribution necessary for smokeless combustion through the gasification system of the combined system.
  • main air inlet duct with forced blower fan (41), natural draught and aspiration main air inlet duct (42), gasification air guide duct (43), gas combustion air guide duct (44) and post-gasification solid combustion air guide duct (45)
  • Gasification and combustion air inlet and distribution system (40) has a gasification air inlet and a com bustion air inlet from each of the two alternative rods, which are the mai n air inlet with forced blower fan (41) and the natural draught and aspiration main inter duct (42). Entering from one of the two alternative ducts, gasification and combustion mutual air is separated in three functional rods, which are upward running gasification air duct (43) and gas combustion air guide duct (44) as well as the downward running post -gasification solid combustion air guide duct (45).
  • Combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system that controls both the gasification process and the smokeless combustion process (50) in the gasification process smokeless combustion solid fuel burner through all elements constituting the system is not solely a target pressure and temperature-sensitive proportional automation system, but essentially has a different feature that targets combustion efficiency maximization and also maximizes the combustion capacity.
  • Combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50) minimizes the losses both due to unburned fuel and excess air through controlling the grate movement by measuring the through the use of grate system (100) last fixed compound inlet temperature sensor (110) and the grate system last fixed compound output temperature sensor (120) on the last fixed compound grate of the travelling-fixed compounded grate system with different grate openings.
  • combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50) also minimizes the access air losses through controlling the grate movement and keeping the oxygen ratio at a level to ensure maximum combustion efficiency by measuring the oxygen in combustion gasses through the use of oxygen analyzer (130) that is controlled with the grate movement automation system.
  • Patent subject solid fuel burner minimizes the two most important combustion losses with the combination of grate system last fixed compound inlet temperature sensor (110), grate system last fixed compound outlet temperature sensor (120), and the oxygen analyzer (130), which is controlled with the grate movement automation system, and, thanks to this combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50) with different features contributing to the combustion efficiency maximization, has a distinctive feature in terms of technical benefit.
  • smokeless combustion new solid fuel burner the gasification and combustion air entering from three rods are supplied through the gasification and combustion air supply system (60) shown in Figure-3.
  • the air needed in this gasification and combustion supply system (60) is supplied with the combination of three functional elements, which are the inverter forced aspiration fan (61), which is controlled proportionally through the combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50), the vacuum gauge (62), which controls the inverter forced blower fan (63) through the combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50) by measuring the pressure created by the inverter forced aspiration fan (61) on the gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90), as well as inverter forced blower fan (63), pressure and flow rate of which are adjusted automatically.
  • the flow rate and pressure of the gasification and combustion air which is taken in and distributed according to their functions through the gasification and combustion air inlet and distribution system (40), are optimized.
  • Inverter forced blower fan (63) which creates a pressured airbag under the travelling-fixed compounded grate system (100) with different grate openings as shown in Figure-4 below the gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90), is controlled by the pressure measuring vacuum gauge (62) in the gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90) and pumps air at the optimum flow rate and pressure that are selected based on the solid fuel type and ensure maximum combustion efficiency.
  • maximum combustion capacity on the unit grate surface is achieved and capacity maximization is ensured through overcoming both the grate resistance and the resistance of burning solid fuel as semi coke and coke on the grate.
  • Inverter forced blower fan (63) also maximizes the gasification efficiency and combustion efficiency of gases by performing its functions with the gasification air and gas combustion air at the optimum pressure.
  • the access air that can possibly enter the gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90) in an uncontrolled way, such possibility is prevented with the inverter forced blower fan (63) and the vacuum gauge (62), which achieve the vacuum value selected through the combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50).
  • the system gasification and combustion air supply system (60) that consists of these three elements, which contribute to combustion efficiency maximization also by minimizing access air losses.
  • Gasification and combustion air procured with the inverter forced blower fan (63) enters through the main air inlet duct (41) through the forced blower fan, and is separated to three rods in the gasification and combustion air inlet and distribution system (40), namely two upward rods and one downward rod.
  • the air separated upward is guided separately through gasification air guide duct (43) and gas combustion air guide duct (44), as shown in Figure-2, and the air separated into the downward rod is guided to the post-gasification solid combustion air guide duct (45).
  • the gasification and com bustion air procured only with the forced aspiration or natural draught enters the system through the natural draught and aspiration main air inlet duct (42) of the gasification and combustion air inlet and distribution system (40). Air entering through here is also separated into three rods through the gasification air guide duct (43), gas combustion air guide duct (44) and post-gasification solid combustion air guide duct (45), and perform their functions.
  • Forced blower fan air inlet valve (64) is connected to the combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50) on the forced blower fan air inlet duct (41), and natural draught and aspiration air inlet valve (65) connected to the combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50) is located on the natural draught and aspiration main air inlet duct (42).
  • the gasification and combustion air in the gasification and combustion air supply system (60) obtained through either a combination of the inverter forced blower fan (61), the vacuum gauge (62) and the inverter aspiration fan (63) or solely aspiration or natural draught, are separated into three rods according to their functions. Air flows separated to these three function rods can be proportionally-gradually adjusted through the gasification air inlet damper (66), gas combustion air inlet damper (67) and post-gasification solid combustion air inlet damper (68), which are connected to the combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50).
  • Gasification air inlet damper (66), gas combustion air inlet damper (67) and post-gasification solid combustion air inlet damper (68) located on the gasification air guide duct (43), gas combustion air guide duct (44) and post -gasification solid combustion air guide duct (45) in the gasification and combustion air inlet and distribution system (40) can also be manually enabled and disabled, when obligatory or necessary, through a screwed manual adjustment mechanism.
  • air flow rates can be controlled with the gasification air inlet damper (66), gas combustion air inlet damper (67) and post-gasification solid combustion air inlet damper (68) on such rods.
  • the post-gasification solid com bustion air inlet damper (68) is adjusted so that undergrate access air losses are minimized, and the gasification air and gas combustion air are adjusted according to the properties of the solid fuel.
  • flow rates of gasification air, gas combustion air and post-gasification solid combustion air coming from three separate rods are optimized according to the used solid fuel and a contribution is made to the maximization of combustion capacity and burning efficiency.
  • Gasification process smokeless combustion solid fuel burner is kept in standby mode at very low capacities, and the post-gasification solid combustion air inlet damper (68) is disabled, thus completely preventing the access air coming under the grate. Access air losses coming under the grate during long standby periods are minimized through combustion of gasification air and gas combustion air guided solely upward through two rods as well as the low flow rate gases generated after gasification.
  • Solid fuel feed and gasification preparation system (70) in the patent subject gasification process smokeless combustion new solid fuel burner consists of three subsystems, first of which automatically feeds the needed solid fuel, second one generates the water vapor necessary for heated gasification of the fed solid fuel, and the third one performs the necessary preheating before the gasification process.
  • Solid fuel feed spiral conveyor (71) of the first subsystem feeds the solid fuel taken from the solid fuel main hopper or the pool to the gasification air circulation double-walled solid fuel feed hopper (72), upon command from the double-walled solid fuel feed hopper level sensor (73), and from the fuel feed spiral conveyor (71) to the double-walled hopper through the solid fuel flow adapter and the connecting flange (74) so that solid fuel is supplied as the solid fuel level decreases.
  • solid fuel level in the gasification air circulation double-walled solid fuel feed hopper (72) remains constant, which ensures that a stable solid fuel level is maintained during the following gasification and smokeless combustion process.
  • Gasification air circulation double-wall solid fuel feed hopper (72) of the second subsystem has the double-wall feature, which is absent in the previous technique, and it ensures that the gasification air is heated through gasification air circulation between the walls. Moreover, double-wall solid fuel feed hopper guides the gasification air to the solid fuel within the hopper through gasification circulation air downward guide ducts (72.1) and generates the water vapor necessary for gasification by heating the solid fuel. Double-wall and gasification air circulation features of the gasification air circulation double-wall solid fuel feed hopper (72) are the elements that increase the efficiency in terms of both solving the outer surface heat loss problems of the hopper and preparing heated air passing through the walls for the gasification process through heating the solid fuel within the hopper along with the generated water vapor.
  • Gas combustion air circulation double-walled solid fuel pre-heating tank (75) which is the third subsystem of the solid fuel feed and gasification preparation system (70), has the double-wall feature, which is absent in the previous technique.
  • Gas combustion air circulation double-walled solid fuel preheating tank (75); eliminates the heat losses in the single-wall outer surfaces of the tanks in the previous technique while preheating the gas combustion air through the solid fuel preheating tank gas combustion air circulation and heating ducts (75.1) within the walls, gas combustion air guide-circulation plates (75.2) around the double-wall tank, and gas combustion air downward guide pipes (76) on the inner surface, rear upper part of the double-wall tank.
  • Gas combustion air which is guided upward through the gas com bustion air guide duct (44), and flow rate of which is adjusted according to the ratios flammable gases in the solid fuel through the gas combustion air inlet damper (67) connected to the combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50), passes through the upper front side of double walls forming the solid fuel preheating tank gas combustion air circulation and heating ducts (75.1), and is initially guided downward.
  • the gas combustion air changes its direction and is heated around the double-wall tank of the side and rear part of the double-walled solid fuel preheating tank (75) through the gas com bustion air guide- circulation plates (75.2), it is directed upward and guided to upper part of the gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90) again over the rear wall (82) of the downward gasification duct, which also covers the gas combustion air downward guide pipes, through the gas combustion air downward guide pipes (76).
  • both the heat losses are prevented on the external surfaces of the gas combustion circulation double-walled solid fuel preheating tank (75) and it is ensured that the gas combustion air is highly heated and the flammable gasses within the solid fuel come out in the solid fuel gasification duct (80) in a controlled way and are completely burned in the gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90), thus contributing to the combustion efficiency maximization.
  • Solid fuel gasification duct (80) is the part where the gasification process takes place before the solid fuel, prepared through the gasification and combustion air inlet and distribution system (40) and solid fuel feed and gasification preparation system (70) in the paten subject new solid fuel burner, starts burning with the solid and gas parts.
  • the solid fuel gasification duct (80) which is located between the gas combustion air circulation double-walled solid fuel preheating tank (75) and the gasification process smokeless com bustion chamber (90), is surrounded with the front wall of the solid fuel gasification duct (81), which is used to ensure solid fuel flow on to the grate, and the rear wall that also covers gas com bustion air downward guide pipes (82), which is used to guide gasification product gases to the upper part of the gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90).
  • the solid fuel after being preheated with air and water vapor, and prepared for gasification, enters the downward flow solid fuel gasification duct (80), and an accelerated gasification process starts as it heated to high temperatures in the gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90).
  • Coal which is a solid fuel, reacts with the oxygen within the high temperature water vapor and hot air and transits to the gas production phase, and the created flammable gasses such as CO, H2 and CH4 flow to the upper part of the gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90).
  • the gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90) is the part designed so that both the post-gasification solid part on the grates and the flammable gases created with the gasification process of solid fuel, which goes through the gasification process in the downward flow solid fuel gasification duct (80) and descends, complete the smokeless combustion process under complete combustion circumstances, and two fuels in solid and gas forms can be burned simultaneously.
  • Solid fuel gasification duct (80), which performs the gasification process, and the gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90), which burn the gasification product solid and gas parts, are the two main parts which perform both the gasifier and burner functions in the patent subject new solid fuel burner, and thus, complete the gasification + combustion process within the framework of the "gasification process smokeless combustion method".
  • Gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90) has a design which ensures that the flammable gases produced in the upper part through the gasification process are heated up to high temperatures with the gas combustion air, and that the complete and smokeless combustion conditions are provided.
  • Water circulation combustion bed thickness adjustment system (91) of the smokeless combustion chamber consists of five elements, which are refractory sheathed finned water piped combustion bed adjustment plate (91.1water circulation connecting pipe (91.2), connecting part of which is flexible, and manual adjustment plate rod (91.3), automated adjustment plate rod (91.4), which is actuated by the combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50), as well as the hydraulic piston (91.5) that actuates the automated adjustment plate rod.
  • the part at the middle of the gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90) consists of two or three pipes depending on the capacity, and the part at the side walls consists of the uppermost pipe.
  • Finned water piped combustion bed thickness adjustment plate (91.1) can adjust the thickness of the combustion bed with a circular movement within an angle range of approximately 15 to 75 through the external manual adjustment plate rod (91.3) around the axis of the uppermost pipe, or the automated adjustment plate rod (91.4) and the hydraulic piston (91.5), which actuates the automated adjustment plate rod.
  • the fact that thickness of the combustion bed can be adjusted instantly even during the operation of the system delivers a solution of the combustion efficiency decrease upon disruption of the solid combustion air/gas combustion air balance after gasification due to the resistance of the solid fuel on the combustion bed as a result of the particle size or clinkering-caking property of the solid fuel. And this feature contributes to combustion efficiency maximization by minimizing the losses due to large coal particles or low clinker melting temperatures.
  • the travelling-fixed compounded grate system with different grate openings (100) minimize ash losses in the solid part after the gasification of the solid fuel with adjusted bed thickness and ensure combustion through the circulation combustion bed thickness adjustment system (91) of the smokeless combustion chamber.
  • This travelling-fixed compounded grate system with different grate openings (100) also has the features that can adjust the speed and waiting time of the travelling grates with the combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50) so that complete and smokeless com bustion efficiency of the solid fuel with the post -gasification solid and gas parts in the gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90) is maximized through prevention of access air losses.
  • openings between grate segments have been selected so that coal dust cannot fall from such ope nings in order to prevent small coal particles coming down from the solid fuel gasification duct (80) do not fall under the grate without combustion (for example, to prevent coal dusts in 0.5 - 10 mm particles from falling).
  • grate openings In the second part (b) of the grate system in the middle part gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90), as more oxygen is needed due to stronger combustion, grate openings have been designed to be wider, and in the third part (c) of the grate system at the end of the gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90), grate openings have been designed to be relatively narrower in order to prevent unnecessary access air passage between the combustion ashes and clinkers.
  • Speed and stroke of the travelling-fixed compounded grate system with different grate openings (100) can be adjusted separately through the panel of the combustion efficiency and capacity- sensitive automation system (50) also based on the combustion properties of the used solid fuel.
  • both undergrate ash losses and overgrate access air losses through ashes-clinkers are minimized, and combustion efficiency of the used solid fuel, based on its type, is maximized.
  • grate system last fixed compound inlet temperature sensor (110) and grate system last fixed compound outlet temperature sensor (120) which measure the overgrate ash-clinker temperature and control the grate movement through the combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50).
  • Last fixed grate segment of the travelling-fixed compounded grate system with different grate openings (100) has been designed to be longer than and different from the segments in other compounds. It has been ensured that two demountable grate system last fixed compound inlet temperature sensor (110) and grate system last fixed compound outlet temperature sensor (120) are placed on special housings on the lower side of the last fixed grate segment.
  • Temperature of the overgrate ash-clinker left from the gasification process smokeless com bustion chamber (90) is measured through these two grate system last fixed compound inlet temperature system (110) and grate system last fixed compound outlet temperature system (120) placed on the starting and ending points of the last com pound fixed grate with a long design, and it is ensured that the travelling grate receives command from the combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50) and wait at the high ash-clinker temperature at the ending point of the last com pound fixed grate, and start operating again at the low ash-clinker temperature at the starting point of the grate.
  • the oxygen analyzer (130) in the patent subject gasification process smokeless com bustion new solid fuel burner, which measure the oxygen in the combustion gases and control the grate movement with the automation system, is also included as a functional system that maximizes the combustion efficiency.
  • Oxygen ratio in combustion gases which is an indicator of access air coefficient ( ⁇ ) during combustion, is considered to be optimal 6% for coal in solid fuel combustion systems.
  • ⁇ access air coefficient
  • Oxygen analyzer (130) which measures the oxygen content of gases and control the grate movement with the automation system after being mounted on the end part of the gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90) or on the combustion product outlet point, ensures that travelling grates wait or operate depending on the lower and upper limits (for example, lower limit 5% - upper limit 6%) selected through the combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50) panel according to the fuel type in order to achieve maximum combustion efficiency.
  • grates of the travelling-fixed compounded grate system with different grate openings (100) are actuated, and upon such actuation, when the decreasing oxygen ratio is at the selected lower limit (for instance, 5%), grates are put into standby mode through the combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50).
  • the oxygen ratio reaches back to the upper limit (for instance, 6%) due to access air in last compounds of the grate system as the solid part of the fuel on grates that has been stopped for a certain amount of time burns, grates are actuated and oxygen ratio is decreased.
  • the oxygen analyzer (130) controlled through the grate movement automation system which is absent in the previous art, stabilizes the combustion efficiency by achieving the highest position between the lower and upper oxygen ratio value, and the most important aspect in this sense, regardless of the functioning capacity of the solid fuel burner, is minimizing access air losses.
  • Oxygen analyzer (130) controlling the grate movement through the automation system can also be mounted on the combustion gases outlet of the boiler (10) it is mounted on with the purpose of measuring the oxygen content in the combustion product gases in the patent subject gasification process smokeless combustion new solid fuel burner.
  • Refractory sheathed partition (92) decreases heat losses through preventing cooling clinkers from being reheated while stabilizes the temperature in the ending part of the gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90).
  • Refractory sheath around this refractory sheathed partition (92) is also a heat preserving element that is necessary of achieving a complete combustion of the gasification product flammable gases with high ignition temperatures. This refractory sheathed partition (92) minimizes heat losses, ensures that flammable gases with high ignition temperatures are completely burned, and contributes to maximization of combustion efficiency.
  • Patent subject gasification process smokeless combustion solid fuel burner incorporates water jacketed or water piped and refractory sheathed two-part flame outlet duct, which ensure the passage of combustion product heated gases and flame through establishing a sealed connection of the gasification process smokeless combustion chamber (90) to the burner connection inlet of the water piped or double-wall boiler within the scope of the state of the art.
  • Patent subject new solid fuel burner which performs smokeless combustion with high efficiency through the gasification process, also incorporates a system that prevents capacity and efficiency losses arising during the discharge of solid fuel combustion residual ashes and clinkers.
  • Solid fuel combustion residual ashes and clinkers discharge system (140), which prevents capacity and efficiency losses, consist of; spiral conveyor and immersed discharge duct (141) that discharge the ashes falling under the grate after the combustion as well as the ashes- clinkers dragged at the last compound of the travelling-fixed compounded grate system with different grate openings (100) through establishing air tightness, float ash-clinker pool (142) that provides water at a constant level, spiral conveyor and immersed discharge duct (143) for overgrate ashes-clinkers, and the waste wet ash-clinker conveyance spiral (144) sloped upward from the ash-clinker pool.
  • the solid fuel combustion wastes discharge system preventing capacity and efficiency losses (140); the spiral conveyor and immersed discharge duct (141) for undergrate ashes, the spiral conveyor and immersed discharge duct (143) and the upward sloped waste wet ash-clinker conveyance spiral (144) from the ash-clinker pool for overgrate ashes operate fully automatically with the command received from the combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50).
  • Solid fuel feed spiral conveyor (71) and inverter lime feed spiral (150) operate simultaneously, and when the solid fuel feed spiral conveyor (71) stops, lime feed spiral (150) also stops.
  • inverter lime feed spiral (150) of the dry desulphurization system is disabled, and only the solid fuel feed spiral conveyor (71) is operated.
  • Optimum amount of lime necessary for the coal is fed to through selecting the speed of the inverter lime feed spiral (150) according to the sulphur content of combustion gases through the panel of the combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50) or screen of the connected computer.
  • Optimum amount of lime necessary for the coal is fed to through selecting the speed of the inverter lime feed spiral (150) according to the sulphur content of combustion gases through the panel of the combustion efficiency and capacity-sensitive automation system (50) or screen of the connected computer.
  • patent subject gasification process smokeless combustion, fully automated capacity and efficiency maximization solid fuel burner system is a gasifier solid fuel burner that minimizes all losses through a functional system, components and elements, which are, as described in detail above, a continuous process consisting of the smokeless combustion method that performs water vapor generation, air-fuel preheating, gasification with air + water vapor and smokeless combustion processes, and it performs the gasification, smokeless combustion and combustion waste ash-clinker discharge .
  • Patent subject fully automated new solid fuel burner system, which, upon replacement with the liquid fuel or natural gas burners on the front side of existing liquid or gas fueled boilers (10), allows for solid fuel operation of the boiler (10), makes a breakthrough in this field by achieving the maximum possible efficiency and capacity in a solid fuel combustion system and preventing air and environmental pollution.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
  • Combustion Of Fluid Fuel (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système de brûleur à combustible solide à combustion sans fumée par un processus de gazéification, entièrement automatisé et à capacité et efficacité maximisées, permettant de faire fonctionner une chaudière (10) avec un combustible solide par remplacement des brûleurs à combustible liquide ou à gaz naturel sur l'avant des chaudières (10) à combustible liquide ou gazeux existantes. Ce système incorpore le processus de gazéification entièrement automatisé qui met en oeuvre des processus de génération de vapeur d'eau, de préchauffage d'air et de combustible, de gazéification avec de l'air et de la vapeur d'eau et de combustion sans fumée, ainsi qu'un procédé de combustion sans fumée. Ce système est un système de brûleur à combustible solide et gazéifieur qui maximise la capacité et l'efficacité de combustion en réduisant au minimum toutes les pertes grâce à un système, des composants et des éléments fonctionnels tout au long d'un processus continu débutant par l'alimentation en combustible solide, la gazéification et la combustion sans fumée et s'achevant par l'évacuation des cendres-scories résidus de la combustion.
PCT/TR2018/050213 2017-05-08 2018-05-07 Système de brûleur à combustible solide à combustion sans fumée par un processus de gazéification, entièrement automatisé et à capacité et efficacité maximisées Ceased WO2019013731A2 (fr)

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TRTR2017/06752 2017-05-08
TR2017/06752A TR201706752A2 (tr) 2017-05-08 2017-05-08 Gazlaştirma prosesi̇yle dumansiz yanmali, ful otomati̇k kapasi̇te ve veri̇m maksi̇mi̇zasyonlu kati yakit brülör si̇stemi̇

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WO2019013731A2 true WO2019013731A2 (fr) 2019-01-17
WO2019013731A3 WO2019013731A3 (fr) 2019-04-11

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Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110410773A (zh) * 2019-08-05 2019-11-05 海伦市利民节能锅炉制造有限公司 生物质直燃分区分级分相燃烧的联合炉排环保工业锅炉
CN111550758A (zh) * 2020-04-17 2020-08-18 江联重工集团股份有限公司 一种大容量高参数垃圾焚烧余热锅炉
CN111637488A (zh) * 2020-05-07 2020-09-08 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 一种水力除渣式四角切圆型锅炉掉焦监测及自动稳燃系统
WO2021141564A3 (fr) * 2020-01-07 2021-11-18 Agema Mühendi̇sli̇k Araştirma Geli̇şti̇rme Maki̇ne Endüstri̇yel Tesi̇sler Sanayi̇ Ve Ti̇caret Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇ Chaudière à vapeur à tube d'eau sans fumée à combustible solide et liquide/gaz dotée d'un système d'augmentation au maximum de rendement de combustion comprenant une section de combustible solide fonctionnant au moyen d'un procédé de gazéification autothermique

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3812794A (en) * 1972-09-21 1974-05-28 F Taylor Stairstep jet pulse incinerator
US4528917A (en) * 1983-07-05 1985-07-16 Northwest Iron Fireman, Inc. Solid fuel burner
WO2010096026A2 (fr) * 2009-02-20 2010-08-26 Ali Nizami Ozcan Brûleur à charbon sans fumée entièrement automatique ajustable en fonction du type de charbon
EP3186557A1 (fr) * 2014-08-26 2017-07-05 Agema Mühendislik Arastirma Gelistirme Makine Endüstriyel Tesisler Sanayi Ve Ticaret Anonim Sirketi Chaudière à eau chaude/vapeur à combustion sans fumée entièrement automatisée à combustible solide et liquide/gazeux réglable selon le type de charbon

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN110410773A (zh) * 2019-08-05 2019-11-05 海伦市利民节能锅炉制造有限公司 生物质直燃分区分级分相燃烧的联合炉排环保工业锅炉
WO2021141564A3 (fr) * 2020-01-07 2021-11-18 Agema Mühendi̇sli̇k Araştirma Geli̇şti̇rme Maki̇ne Endüstri̇yel Tesi̇sler Sanayi̇ Ve Ti̇caret Anoni̇m Şi̇rketi̇ Chaudière à vapeur à tube d'eau sans fumée à combustible solide et liquide/gaz dotée d'un système d'augmentation au maximum de rendement de combustion comprenant une section de combustible solide fonctionnant au moyen d'un procédé de gazéification autothermique
CN111550758A (zh) * 2020-04-17 2020-08-18 江联重工集团股份有限公司 一种大容量高参数垃圾焚烧余热锅炉
CN111637488A (zh) * 2020-05-07 2020-09-08 华电电力科学研究院有限公司 一种水力除渣式四角切圆型锅炉掉焦监测及自动稳燃系统

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TR201706752A2 (tr) 2018-11-21

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