WO2019017761A1 - Dispositif de correction de la poitrine, de la colonne vertébrale, du torse et des mains - Google Patents
Dispositif de correction de la poitrine, de la colonne vertébrale, du torse et des mains Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019017761A1 WO2019017761A1 PCT/MK2018/000004 MK2018000004W WO2019017761A1 WO 2019017761 A1 WO2019017761 A1 WO 2019017761A1 MK 2018000004 W MK2018000004 W MK 2018000004W WO 2019017761 A1 WO2019017761 A1 WO 2019017761A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- exercises
- solid base
- circular
- belt
- metal
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
- A63B21/40—Interfaces with the user related to strength training; Details thereof
- A63B21/4041—Interfaces with the user related to strength training; Details thereof characterised by the movements of the interface
- A63B21/4047—Pivoting movement
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
- A63B21/0004—Exercising devices moving as a whole during exercise
- A63B21/00043—Exercising devices consisting of a pair of user interfaces connected by flexible elements, e.g. two handles connected by elastic bands
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
- A63B21/00058—Mechanical means for varying the resistance
- A63B21/00065—Mechanical means for varying the resistance by increasing or reducing the number of resistance units
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
- A63B21/02—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices using resilient force-resisters
- A63B21/023—Wound springs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
- A63B21/02—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices using resilient force-resisters
- A63B21/04—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices using resilient force-resisters attached to static foundation, e.g. a user
- A63B21/0407—Anchored at two end points, e.g. installed within an apparatus
- A63B21/0421—Anchored at two end points, e.g. installed within an apparatus the ends moving relatively by a pivoting arrangement
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
- A63B21/40—Interfaces with the user related to strength training; Details thereof
- A63B21/4001—Arrangements for attaching the exercising apparatus to the user's body, e.g. belts, shoes or gloves specially adapted therefor
- A63B21/4017—Arrangements for attaching the exercising apparatus to the user's body, e.g. belts, shoes or gloves specially adapted therefor to the upper limbs
- A63B21/4021—Arrangements for attaching the exercising apparatus to the user's body, e.g. belts, shoes or gloves specially adapted therefor to the upper limbs to the wrist
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
- A63B21/40—Interfaces with the user related to strength training; Details thereof
- A63B21/4027—Specific exercise interfaces
- A63B21/4033—Handles, pedals, bars or platforms
- A63B21/4035—Handles, pedals, bars or platforms for operation by hand
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B21/00—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices
- A63B21/02—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices using resilient force-resisters
- A63B21/055—Exercising apparatus for developing or strengthening the muscles or joints of the body by working against a counterforce, with or without measuring devices using resilient force-resisters extension element type
- A63B21/0552—Elastic ropes or bands
- A63B21/0557—Details of attachments, e.g. clips or clamps
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A63—SPORTS; GAMES; AMUSEMENTS
- A63B—APPARATUS FOR PHYSICAL TRAINING, GYMNASTICS, SWIMMING, CLIMBING, OR FENCING; BALL GAMES; TRAINING EQUIPMENT
- A63B23/00—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body
- A63B23/035—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body for limbs, i.e. upper or lower limbs, e.g. simultaneously
- A63B23/12—Exercising apparatus specially adapted for particular parts of the body for limbs, i.e. upper or lower limbs, e.g. simultaneously for upper limbs or related muscles, e.g. chest, upper back or shoulder muscles
- A63B23/1209—Involving a bending of elbow and shoulder joints simultaneously
Definitions
- the invention belongs to the class of human necessities, i.e. in the field of devices used for body exercises. More detailed in the section of devices for exercises which are especially adapted to certain parts of the body. According to the international patent classification, the invention can be classfied with the sign A63B23 / 00.
- This invention invention with its specific implementation of the elements on the device solves the problem of activating more targeted muscles groups while using of the device for exercises. Also, the only form of the device allows to be used by people with disabilities on the fingers and palms of hands which is a problem that was not been paid attention in the previous state of the art in this field.
- Figure 1 Appearance of the device from the perspective
- Figure 1 a Side appearance and side view of the upper support surface and the lower thrust surface
- Figure 1 c View from above of the metal ribbon , its apertures and bending places
- Figure 1 d Side view of semicircular spheres within the lower thrust surface with the circular bulge, the aperture for Schrader valve and the clamp
- FIG. 1 Frontal view of the soft circular handle
- Figure 2b Frontal view of the soft circular handle in assembly of a firm base
- Figure 2c Side view of the soft circular handle in assembly of the firm base by the buckle side
- Figure 2g Side view of the soft circular handle in assembly of the firm base on the side where there is no buckle.
- Figure 6 View of use of the device when performing compression exercises with smaller angulation Figure 7.
- Figure 7 A view of device use in performing compression exercises with greater angulation
- Figure 8 A view of device use in performing exercises with an extension.
- the surfaces on which are performed exercises with compression are in pair and identical in there shape and structural elements, while the surfaces as well as the constituent elements will be explained individually.
- Figure 1 a gives a detailed side view of one of the upper supporting surfaces.
- the device is consists of two supporting surfaces exactly identical to each other. For that will be describing the schedule of only one of them.
- the upper supporting surface (27) depicted in Figure 1 a has a minimal rounding of the upper surface .
- On the image is a visible circular aperture (29) through which passes the screw (44), who serves to fasten the metal strip (40) with the bolt (45) to the upper supporting surface whose ending surface toward the handles has a recess (32) ,and afterward the surface is raised and on the same end (33) is oval.
- On the back part, on the uper supporting surface are made the rectangular clippings (38) shown in Figure 1 b .
- the upper supporting surface (27) has two lateral surfaces (39) and four triangular extensions with a circular aperture in the middle, two on each side (34 and 36) and (37 and 38) wherewith, on the triangular extension with aperture (34) is fastened one end of the metal camshaft (35) and on the other end if on the device are not performing exercises with compression is attached to the triangular extension with an aperture (36) .
- the upper supportive surfaces (27) shown in Figure 1a provide the required position and support of the palms when performing of exercises with compression-pressure as shown in Figures 6 and 7, thus enabling the engagement of a targeted group of muscles.
- the initial part of the palm In the recess part (32) of the upper supporting surface is placed the initial part of the palm, and it provides comfort and guidance of the force while the exercises with compression are performed.
- the ends of the upper support surface (27) are minimally raised and rounded and serve as a support for the root of the palms and the initial part of the wrist when performing exercises with compression.
- the rectangular clippings (28) depicted in Figure 4 allow the passing only on the connecting elements (25) on which are attaching springs (26), which with their annular ends (26a) disable the movement of the upper supporting surface in performing exercises with an extension shown on Figure 8.
- the cotton textile (31 ) disabling slipping of the palms and allows the absorption of the sweat, and easily removed with detach of loop-fastener (52) from the hook-fastener (51 ) for maintaining of her hygiene.
- the upper supportive surface (27) and the lower thrust surface (48) can be on simple way be separated from the device, by removing the connecing elements from the metal rod and their pulling out , thus allowing the use of the device to performing exercises with abduction on the legs.
- FIG. 1 a On the FIG. 1 a are shown the two side surfaces (39) that envelop the side part of the metal strip (40).
- the triangular continuations with an aperture of the middle (34 and 36) serve to fasten the metal camshaft (35) when on the device are performed exercises with extension.
- the metal camshaft (35) which is attached in the circular aperture of the triangular continuation (38) serves for setting on the device beneath a sharp angle which can also be achieved by attaching a loops fastener through the front edges of the upper supporting surface, and fastened to hook fastener (52) in performing the compression exercises shown in Figure 6.
- the device is placed in parallel position when performing the exercises in Figure 7. This kind of different position on the apper supporting surfaces while performing of exercise , allow to engage a different group of muscles.
- a circular protruding surface (47) In the middle of the outer sides of the lower thrust surfaces there is a circular protruding surface (47) whose upper edges are in the shape of the letter "r", and in the base there is an aperture of a canal (53) which is directed towards the middle of the circular protruding and exits on its face and through it via the Schlader valve - (54), air is injected into the semicircular sphere (50), the retention of which is secured by a clamp (55) which secures the lower edge of the semicircular sphere, which is placed on the upper edges of the circular protruding surface (47), Fig. 1 d.
- FIG 5 is show the outlook of the lower thrust surfaces (48) who have a shape of a rectangle, and on the midle has a square metal plate (49) in the middle has a aperture with screw threads identical to the apertures (42 and 43) set at the ends of the metal strip (40) shown in Figure 1 c .
- the said apertures are overlaping and a bolt passes through them, (46) which is fixed with screw threads of the metal plate (49) for the lower thrust surfaces .
- the lower thrust surfaces (48) enable stability and fastening of semicircular spheres (50) in performing compression exercises.
- a metal strip (40) which having a rectangular form , which at the places where it coincide with the side surfaces (39), follows their shape , and at the two ends of the metal strip there are two circular openings (42 and 43) that overlap each other.
- Figure 1 a it is visible that they are parallel on the aperture of the lower thrust surface (48) and through them passes the bolt (46) which is fixed with aperture with screw threads on square metal plate (49) while the third circular aperture (41 ) is parallel to the aperture of the upper supporting surfaces (29) through which the bolt passes (44) and is fixed with the rivet (45 ).
- the metal strip (40) is connecting the upper supportive surfaces (27) with the lower thrust surfaces (48 ) and provides their solid support and partial elasticity in performing exercises with compression.
- FIGs 2a, 2b, 2c and 2d showing the technical performance of a soft circular handle (1 ) in which envelope from cotton textile (4) is situated a sponge (3) , which in the middle has a rectangular space (8) through which a belt passing (2) , encircling the soft circular handle which passes through the rectangular spaces (22 and 23) on the side part of the solid base (19), thereby it attached the soft circular handle (1 ) to the solid base (19), while with the apertures (6) on the belt when enters in the bukle (7) , the volume of the circular handle (1 ) is adjusted .
- the belt (2) at one end is bended and wraps the lower part of the buckle (7) until its end is fastened i.e. sewn to the other part of the belt, with a 3 rows of a solid thread (5) where on the last row is sewn and the beginning of the cotton envelope (9) which, along with the belt (2), passes through the aperture of the side part of the solid base (22) where the belt enters the central empty space of the sponge (8), ie its initial part (10).
- the cotton sheath (4) covers the sponge (3) and together are coating the upper part of the solid base (19).
- the belt (2) passes through the side part of the solid base (23) and again through the aperture of the cotton envelope (15) enter in the spongy space (8) from where continue the outer part of the sponge (16) forming the upper soft vault of the circular handle (1) and the ending part of the cotton fabric (17) is fixed with the help of an glue and cover the ending part of the sponge (18) to its central free space (8) through which passes the remaining part of the belt (2) on which has apertures (6) which with help of the buckle (7) fixing the belt , whereupon the circumference of the handle is adjusts (Figure 3a, 3b) and at the same time providing closing of the soft circular handle.
- the semicircular handle covered with the sponge and cotton material allows for a good fixation on the wrist and prevents any kind of soft tissue injury during performing exercises.
- the circular handles (1 ) are fixing the device for the wrists while exercises with extension are performing.
- Fig. 4 is depicted as the circular handles together with the connecting elements (25) which passing through the rectangular spaces (28) at the back part of the upper supporting surface (27) serve as a support on the device when various exercises with compression are performing . If the upper supporting and lower thrust surfaces are removed, the circular handles can be placed on the ankle joints on the legs, whereupon the device can be serve for carrying out exercise with abduction .
- FIG. 4 is visible the solid base of a soft circular handle (19) who having a foundation and two lateral prolonged parts (12 and 13) visible in Figure 2b and 2d.
- the solid foundation of the soft circular handle is made of plastic or other solid material.
- the foundation in the upper part is flat and wider in relation to the lower part which have a ribs empty spaces (20) through which the metal bar (21 ) passes, which is further secured with two metal strips (24) visible in Figure 2b and 2g, placed in the side part on a solid foundation where the metal bar is wraped in the lower part (21 ) and passes through lateral prolonged parts of the solid base and encircle the upper portions of the openings (22, 23) where they ending.
- the connecting elements (25) through which the springs (26) are indirectly fixed to the metal bar (21 ).
- the solid base connects the soft circular handle with the rest part of the device through the side apertures.
- the upper part of the base is flat and wider from the base of the lower part in order to provide a more stable base of the soft circular handle. Wherewith the safe fixation of the metal bar is ensures (21 ) on which are attaching the springs (26) via the connecting elements (25).
- the connecting element (25) allows connection of the springs (26) with the solid base of the handle (19) shown in Figure 4 in performing the exercises with extension (Fig. 9).
- FIG. 4 On the FIG. 4 is shown a connecting element (25) who is attached to a metal bar (21 ) on one side and the spring (26) on the other side and passing through the rectangular clippings (28) of the upper supporting surface (27) near the handles and provide the support and stability on the device through the compression surfaces in carrying out the exercises with pressure, Figures 6 and 7.
- the connecting elements also allow the removal or addition of the springs when exercises with extension are performingdepending on the physical ability of the individual.
- springs (26) with their ending horizontally placed annular endings (26a), which with help of the connecting elements (25) are attached to the metal bars (21 ) .
- the springs are extending from one solid base of the handle (19) to the other (19a) passing between the upper supportive surface (27) and the lower thrust surface (48).
- the springs serve for performing exercises with extension in opposite - diametrical direction, and the device with the handles are fixed to the wrists.
- Ringest ends (26a) of the springs (26) which are attaching to the connecting elements allow statics of the upper support surface (27) when exercises with an extension are performing .
- An integral part of the device of the existing invention is the semicircular sphere shown in Figure 1 d which is fixed on the lower thrust surface with clamp (55).
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Biophysics (AREA)
- Orthopedic Medicine & Surgery (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Physical Education & Sports Medicine (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Human Computer Interaction (AREA)
- Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)
Abstract
La présente invention concerne un dispositif de correction de la poitrine, de la colonne vertébrale, du torse et des bras, qui est essentiellement constitué d'une surface de support supérieure ayant une courbure minimale de la surface supérieure, une surface de poussée inférieure ayant une forme rectangulaire, la sphère semi-circulaire étant fixée à la surface de poussée inférieure avec une colle, une poignée circulaire souple, des éléments de raccordement et des ressorts qui servent à effectuer des exercices avec extension, compression et abduction.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| MK2017553 | 2017-07-20 | ||
| MKMK/P/2017/553 | 2017-07-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2019017761A1 true WO2019017761A1 (fr) | 2019-01-24 |
Family
ID=63517969
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/MK2018/000004 Ceased WO2019017761A1 (fr) | 2017-07-20 | 2018-07-20 | Dispositif de correction de la poitrine, de la colonne vertébrale, du torse et des mains |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| WO (1) | WO2019017761A1 (fr) |
Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4332380A (en) * | 1980-10-03 | 1982-06-01 | Cardin Pierre J | Muscle building apparatus for developing bending strength |
| DE20002582U1 (de) | 2000-02-14 | 2000-05-18 | Rief, Anton Maria, 80796 München | Sportgerät |
| US20020091048A1 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2002-07-11 | Chih-Liang Chen | Multi-function personal exerciser |
| US20030134729A1 (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2003-07-17 | Oscar Baltodano | Variable resistance hand gripper device |
| US20070049473A1 (en) | 2005-08-23 | 2007-03-01 | Jessica Chapman | Breast sculpting exercise apparatus |
| US20110224056A1 (en) | 2010-03-10 | 2011-09-15 | Allen C Ralph | Physical training device and method |
| US20130065740A1 (en) | 2011-09-10 | 2013-03-14 | Paul S. Francis | Personal exercise device |
| CN202892771U (zh) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-04-24 | 燕山大学 | 多功能拉力器 |
| GB2507591A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-07 | Daniel Grant | Pulley bar for weight stack comprising resilient hinge |
| CN106492417A (zh) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-03-15 | 钟立朋 | 一种多功能扩胸器 |
-
2018
- 2018-07-20 WO PCT/MK2018/000004 patent/WO2019017761A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4332380A (en) * | 1980-10-03 | 1982-06-01 | Cardin Pierre J | Muscle building apparatus for developing bending strength |
| DE20002582U1 (de) | 2000-02-14 | 2000-05-18 | Rief, Anton Maria, 80796 München | Sportgerät |
| US20020091048A1 (en) | 2000-12-22 | 2002-07-11 | Chih-Liang Chen | Multi-function personal exerciser |
| US20030134729A1 (en) * | 2002-01-17 | 2003-07-17 | Oscar Baltodano | Variable resistance hand gripper device |
| US20070049473A1 (en) | 2005-08-23 | 2007-03-01 | Jessica Chapman | Breast sculpting exercise apparatus |
| US20110224056A1 (en) | 2010-03-10 | 2011-09-15 | Allen C Ralph | Physical training device and method |
| US20130065740A1 (en) | 2011-09-10 | 2013-03-14 | Paul S. Francis | Personal exercise device |
| CN202892771U (zh) * | 2012-10-23 | 2013-04-24 | 燕山大学 | 多功能拉力器 |
| GB2507591A (en) * | 2012-11-06 | 2014-05-07 | Daniel Grant | Pulley bar for weight stack comprising resilient hinge |
| CN106492417A (zh) * | 2016-10-21 | 2017-03-15 | 钟立朋 | 一种多功能扩胸器 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US10918559B2 (en) | Interface system in an exoskeleton | |
| US7740561B2 (en) | Hand exercising device | |
| US6553576B1 (en) | Gripping glove | |
| US7329231B2 (en) | Dome-shaped back brace | |
| US10016653B2 (en) | Face and lips exercise apparatus and methods of using the same | |
| EP3315103B1 (fr) | Vêtement comprenant un t-shirt et un système pour corriger la posture d'un utilisateur | |
| US20110207585A1 (en) | Knee Rehabilitation exercise device | |
| US4030732A (en) | Harness for the teaching of tennis | |
| RU2607367C9 (ru) | Устройство для снятия напряжения в шее | |
| KR101723920B1 (ko) | 어깨 및 상체 자세 교정이 가능한 압박 의류 | |
| US20210038940A1 (en) | Adjustable shoulder exercise device | |
| US20090312683A1 (en) | Knee rehabilitation exercise device | |
| TWM516411U (zh) | 手部動態矯型器 | |
| US20120278966A1 (en) | Posture support vest | |
| CN113491607B (zh) | 可减轻膝关节负荷且能快速拆装的康复限位器 | |
| ES2288053B1 (es) | Dispositivo para realizar ejercicios, deportes, gimnasias y diversas actividades fisicas que aunan tecnicas, conceptos y teorias occidentales y orientales relacionadas con el ejercicio, el deporte y la salud. | |
| US20200268589A1 (en) | Back brace with repositionable pressure nodules | |
| WO2019202474A9 (fr) | Harnais d'entraînement pour joueurs de tennis de table | |
| WO2019017761A1 (fr) | Dispositif de correction de la poitrine, de la colonne vertébrale, du torse et des mains | |
| KR101742121B1 (ko) | 거북목 증후군 운동교정기 | |
| JP2010158319A (ja) | 伸縮自在なサポーター | |
| CN205145030U (zh) | 手部动态矫型器 | |
| KR200470707Y1 (ko) | 손 운동기구 | |
| CN209392671U (zh) | 壁挂式伸展运动用具 | |
| CN102014679A (zh) | 服装 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 18765763 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 18765763 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |