WO2019018925A1 - Capteur de contrainte à film mince multicouche pour essai non destructif de matériaux ferromagnétiques - Google Patents

Capteur de contrainte à film mince multicouche pour essai non destructif de matériaux ferromagnétiques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019018925A1
WO2019018925A1 PCT/CA2018/050891 CA2018050891W WO2019018925A1 WO 2019018925 A1 WO2019018925 A1 WO 2019018925A1 CA 2018050891 W CA2018050891 W CA 2018050891W WO 2019018925 A1 WO2019018925 A1 WO 2019018925A1
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sensor
thin film
ferromagnetic
tensors
ferromagnetic material
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Evangelos Hristoforou
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01R—MEASURING ELECTRIC VARIABLES; MEASURING MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G01R33/00—Arrangements or instruments for measuring magnetic variables
    • G01R33/12—Measuring magnetic properties of articles or specimens of solids or fluids
    • G01R33/16—Measuring susceptibility
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/12—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in the magnetic properties of materials resulting from the application of stress

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates to non-destructive testing of ferromagnetic materials and, in particular, using magnetic field sensors for measuring magnetic permeability and residual stress without using coils or permanent magnets.
  • Strain gages typically consist of an insulating flexible backing which supports a metallic foil pattern, which is attached to the object under test by a suitable adhesive. As the object is deformed, the foil is also deformed, causing the electrical resistance of the foil to change. These gages can be fixed at a given point and are able to measure the stress component along their length at the point they are fixed. However, strain gages are sensors that measure stress at individual points. They also require preparation of the under-monitoring surface and are not suitable for scanning surfaces.
  • Drill-Hole is based on drilling a small hole into the material under test. When the material containing residual stress is removed, the remaining material reaches a new equilibrium state. The new equilibrium state has associated deformations around the drilled hole. The deformations are related to the residual stress in the volume of material that was removed through drilling.
  • the Drill-Hole technique measures deformations around the hole using strain gages or optical sensors. The original residual stress in the material is calculated from the measured deformations.
  • the Drill-hole technique is a point measurement technique, which causes a destruction on the under test surface and is not suitable for scanning surfaces.
  • Magnetic Barkhausen Noise technique is based on the noise in the magnetic output of a ferromagnet when the magnetizing force applied to the ferromagnet is changed.
  • the technique is based on the Barkhausen effect, which is a series of sudden changes in the size and orientation of ferromagnetic domains, or microscopic clusters of aligned atomic magnets (spins), that occur during a continuous process of magnetization or demagnetization.
  • a slow, smooth increase of a magnetic field applied to a piece of ferromagnetic material, such as steel causes the steel to become magnetized, not continuously but in minute steps.
  • the technique is very sensitive to sensor orientation with respect to the surface under measurement. This sensitivity may cause large uncertainties in industrial surface monitoring, although the technique is excellent in laboratory use.
  • Another technique used in stress monitoring is stress measurement in the bulk and the surface of ferromagnetic steels. This technique has low uncertainty and high speed of measurement for the case of surface permeability and surface stress monitoring. Although the technique is able to monitor residual stresses and plastic deformation, the technique can monitor stress on an area of several cm 2 , which is not a sufficient resolution level for many applications.
  • Another common stress measurement technique is the magnetostrictive delay line technique, which uses surface permeability sensors.
  • the technique offers a claimed speed of measurement in the order of 1 point every 1 ms.
  • the technique requires air between the sensing element and its packaging to operate properly.
  • All these techniques refer to surface stress measurement, with the first two of them being point stress tensor techniques and not stress tensor distribution techniques.
  • the third technique is a surface stress tensor distribution monitoring technique and is very sensitive to the geometrical uncertainties of the sensor set-up.
  • the fourth technique has a large footprint and low response.
  • the fifth technique has the best performance with a measuring surface of some mm 2 and speed of stress distribution monitoring of 1 point per ms.
  • This technique and sensor should provide high sensitivity, low uncertainty, high resolution, and suitability for surface scanning. Furthermore, the sensor should be easy and cheap to manufacture, and simple and fast to use in industrial environments.
  • a non-destructive testing technique and sensor are described for measuring surface magnetic permeability and surface stress distribution in ferromagnetic materials.
  • the sensor uses a thin film magnetoresistive sensing element that is either sandwiched between two thin film current conductors and insulators or placed above or below one conductor. Changes in the magnetic permeability of the ferromagnetic material upon which the sensor is placed, create an output voltage which is monotonically depending on the magnetic permeability and also on the stress tensor of the ferromagnetic material. Appropriate calibration of the sensor can provide accurate stress distribution measurements.
  • the senor is made of either giant magnetoresistive or spin valve sensing elements.
  • Other examples include the integration of the sensor with control and processing electronics manufactured in ASIC or other IC technology and enclosed in a packaging suitable for protecting the sensor and for direct applicability on the ferromagnetic surface under test.
  • implementations of the sensor may comprise a position sensor element, preferably implemented with a photonic sensor, to help track the position of the sensor on the surface under test and facilitate the surface scanning.
  • Alternative implementations of the sensor may also comprise a wireless communication electronic transceiver to enable sensor stress tensor data to be wireless transmitted to a computer for visualization and analysis.
  • FIG.l shows a schematic diagram of the components of a multi-layer thin film sensor in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
  • FIG.2 shows a schematic diagram of the sensor components of FIG. l integrated with electronics and positioning modules, and positioned on a material under measurement.
  • FIG.3 shows electromagnetic lines causing a sensor element to produce an output.
  • FIG.4 shows a flow diagram of a technique using the sensor of FIG.2 for point measurements on a ferromagnetic material.
  • FIG.5 shows a flow diagram of a technique using the sensor of FIG.2 for scanning the surface of a ferromagnetic material.
  • FIG.6 shows a schematic diagram of a multi-layer thin film sensor for measuring surface permeability tensors and surface stress tensors along several directions in a ferromagnetic material.
  • FIG.7 shows a block diagram of the electronic modules of the sensor of FIG.2.
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • CPU Central Processing Unit
  • AMR is intended to mean “Anisotropic MagnetoResistance”.
  • GMR Garnier MagnetoResistive
  • WiFi is intended to refer to wireless local area networking with devices based on the IEEE 802.11 standard.
  • ZigBee is intended to refer to the IEEE 802.15.4-based specification for a suite of high-level communication protocols used to create personal area networks with small, low-power digital radios.
  • test may be used interchangeably with “measurement” unless otherwise specified. Similarly, for all words having the same root with the previous two terms.
  • the present invention treats the problem of accurate, fast, cheap, and with high resolution non-destructive measurements of surface stress tensors in ferromagnetic steels, in industrial and other harsh, non-laboratory environments.
  • the invention is based on measuring surface permeability tensors.
  • the invention proposes a novel sensor and a technique suitable for any type of ferromagnetic material (and especially ferromagnetic steels).
  • the sensor is based on a thin film magnetic field sensing element sandwiched between two thin film conductors, and separated from them with two insulating thin films.
  • the conductors' surface is equal to each other's and to that of the insulators and sensing element and are parallel to each other, while merging at one side to form a single conductor which is supplied with pulsed current as input. This input current propagates to the two parallel conductors and creates two magnetic fields which are partially absorbed by the ferromagnetic material under test, creating an output voltage at the sensing element.
  • Another implementation includes a thin film magnetic field sensing element placed above or below a thin film conductor, separated from it with an insulating thin film. The conductor's surface is equal that of the insulator's and sensing element's and are parallel to each other.
  • the conductor is supplied with pulsed current as input, which creates a magnetic field which is partially absorbed by the ferromagnetic material under test, creating an output voltage at the sensing element.
  • Accurate calibration of the device enables this voltage measurement to be transformed into magnetic permeability tensor measurements of the underlying ferromagnetic material under test and ultimately to the stress tensors of the material.
  • the stress tensors can in turn be used to analyze residual stresses and imperfections created during the manufacturing process or use of the ferromagnetic material under test. As a result, the measured stress tensors may also be used to control conditioning or rejection of the material.
  • the invention presents a modification of the same sensor to include an electronic circuit to control the operation of the sensor and process the output of the sensing element.
  • This electronic circuit is implemented in Application Specific
  • ASIC Integrated Circuit
  • IC Integrated Circuit
  • the invention presents a sensor that is integrated with a wireless transceiver to wirelessly transmit sensory data to a computing device.
  • the invention may be implemented either as a technique, a software program implementing the technique, or as an integrated sensor, a microprocessor, or a computer, or a computational device.
  • the description of the invention is presented, for simplicity, in terms of the sensor and technique implementing the invention but it is assumed to equally apply to the other forms of implementation previously mentioned.
  • FIG.l shows a schematic diagram of the components of a multi-layer thin film sensor in accordance with an exemplary embodiment.
  • the sensor 100 comprises a thin film magnetic film sensing element 105, which may be of any type.
  • sensing element 105 may be an Anisotropic MagnetoResistance (AMR) sensor, a Giant MagnetoResistive (GMI) sensor, a spin valve sensor, etc.
  • AMR Anisotropic MagnetoResistance
  • GMI Giant MagnetoResistive
  • spin valve sensor etc.
  • the sensing element 105 is coated with two insulating thin films 140, 150, which are in turn coated with two thin film electrical conductors 1 10, 120, respectively. These conductors 110, 120 have, as much as possible, identical dimensions and are bent at one end to merge and form a single conductor 130, which single conductor 130 forms the input of the sensor 100. A pulsed current applied to the input, i.e. at conductor 130, will cause the sensor to produce an output voltage at the sensor output, i.e. at the sensing element 105.
  • FIG.2 shows a schematic diagram of the sensor components of FIG.1 integrated with electronics and positioning modules, and positioned on a material under measurement.
  • the sensor 200 comprises the thin film sensing element 205, the thin film insulators 240, 250, and the thin film conductors 210, 220 merging into the input thin film conductor 230.
  • an electronic circuit 260 On top of conductor 210 is located an electronic circuit 260, which may be implemented in Application Specific Integrated Circuit (ASIC) or other Integrated Circuit (IC) technology.
  • the electronic circuit 260 contains electronic modules for driving and controlling the operation of the sensor, processing output voltage to produce the magnetic permeability and stress measurements characterizing the ferromagnetic material under test 280.
  • ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
  • IC Integrated Circuit
  • a packaging 270 is attached on the outer surface of conductor 220.
  • This packaging 270 is selected to act as an interface for attaching the sensor to the material under test 280.
  • the function of the packaging is to keep a fixed separation of the sensor from the material under test, so as not to bias the sensor measurements.
  • the packaging also functions as a protective shield for the sensor and for this reason the packaging may be formed in such a way as to enclose the sensor from all sides as shown in the diagram of FIG.2.
  • the packaging 270 may comprise a first material for the face that touches the material under test 280 and a second (or more) materials for the other sides.
  • the senor 200 also contains a position sensor element 290 for tracking the position of the sensor 200 when the sensor scans the surface of the ferromagnetic material under test 280 by moving the sensor 200 across the surface 280.
  • Data from the position sensor element 290 characterize the dependence of the stress components on the different locations on the surface of the ferromagnetic steel under measurement 280 and therefore, permeability and stress tensors can be derived.
  • FIG.3 shows electromagnetic lines causing a sensor element to produce an output.
  • the sensor 300 comprises two thin film wires 310, 320, merging at one side to thin film conductor 330, and sandwiching two insulating thin films 340, 350, respectively, which in turn sandwich a thin film magnetic field sensing element 305.
  • Sensor 300 sits on a packaging material 370 which is placed in direct or small lift-off contact with a ferromagnetic material under test 380.
  • the sensor may comprise additional elements as shown in FIG.2.
  • FIG.4 shows a flow diagram of a technique using the sensor of FIG.2 for point measurements on a ferromagnetic material.
  • the technique starts with positioning 400 the sensor 200 on the surface of the ferromagnetic material under test 280.
  • the sensor is thus positioned at direct contact with the material 280 ideally leaving no gap in between, at a point (x, y) and at a direction ⁇ .
  • This positioning may be done manually by its user, or using a mechanical arm operating manually or automatically.
  • the fields Hi and 3 ⁇ 4 from the conductors 210 and 220, respectively, are proportional to the transmitted pulsed currents Ii & h to each one of them, and inversely proportional to the distance di & 02 between the pulsed current conductors 210 and 220 and the thin film magnetic field sensing element 205:
  • the output of the thin film sensor element 205 equals to zero and corresponds to its zero reference field.
  • the magnetic lines due to the field Hi are partially trapped by the ferromagnetic material under measurement 280, allowing only a part of the magnetic field 3 ⁇ 4 to remain in the volume of the thin film magnetic field sensor element 205:
  • H is the magnetic field corresponding to the magnetic lines trapped by the surface of the ferromagnetic material under measurement 280, which are dependent on the surface permeability of the material 280.
  • the output of the thin film magnetic field sensor element 205 is proportional to the surface permeability component of the ferromagnetic material under measurement 280, parallel to the magnetic fields Hi & 3 ⁇ 4.
  • the permeability component ⁇ of a ferromagnetic material is proportional to the residual stress component ⁇ in the area of its surface and the corresponding direction or in a corresponding volume just below it:
  • the output of the thin film magnetic field sensor is proportional to the stress component parallel to the magnetic fields Hi & 3 ⁇ 4.
  • the thin film magnetic field sensor element 205 may be any of the existing, industrially available thin film magnetic field sensors, namely Anisotropic MagnetoResistance (AMR) sensors, Giant MagnetoResistive (GMR) sensors, spin valve sensors, etc.
  • AMR Anisotropic MagnetoResistance
  • GMR Giant MagnetoResistive
  • the spatial resolution of the sensor equals the surface of the thin film magnetic field sensor element 205. Thus, spatial resolution may range from ⁇ X ⁇ down to ⁇ X ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the speed of each measurement of the sensor element 205 is less than ⁇ ⁇ , thus the speed of measurement per point on the material's 280 surface is less than ⁇ ⁇ .
  • the sensitivity and uncertainty of the stress sensor 200 are dependent on the sensitivity and uncertainty of the thin film magnetic field sensor element 205.
  • the worst sensitivity of the above mentioned thin film magnetic field sensor elements 205 is 1 nT@Hz "1/2 improving as a function of the inverse square route of the frequency, the sensitivity of the sensor 200 in pulsed current operation is far better than InT. This sensitivity corresponds to much less than IMPa of local stress.
  • the technique continues with measuring the output voltage 420 at the sensor element 205 and processing 430 this voltage.
  • the processing step 430 is optional and may comprise filtering, conditioning, A/D conversion, storage in memory, etc.
  • the technique derives surface permeability tensors and surface stress tensors 440. These tensors may be derived, for example, by associating a voltage measurement with ⁇ and ⁇ values by looking at a lookup table stored in memory. This exemplary embodiment uses A/D conversion of the output voltage prior to associating this voltage with the ⁇ and ⁇ values.
  • association of the three values may also use interpolation to calculate intermediate values to those contained in the lookup table.
  • the technique may perform the above steps in the analogue domain, i.e. no A/D conversion of the output voltage is used.
  • step 450 may transmit either digital or analogue data.
  • the sensor has no memory and simply transmits output voltage measurements to a computer which has the lookup table and performs the necessary calculations to produce the ⁇ and ⁇ values.
  • the technique may store ⁇ and ⁇ data in the memory of the sensor 200, either volatile memory for facilitating data processing and/or transmission (e.g. to cater for unsuccessful wireless transmission), or non-volatile memory for long-term availability.
  • FIG.5 shows a flow diagram of a technique using the sensor of FIG.2 for scanning the surface of a ferromagnetic material.
  • the technique starts with positioning 500 the sensor 200 on the surface of the ferromagnetic material under test 280.
  • the sensor is thus positioned at direct contact with the material 280, ideally leaving no gap in between, at a point (x, y) and at a direction ⁇ .
  • the technique continues with measuring the output voltage 520 at the sensor element 205 and processing 530 this voltage.
  • the processing step 530 is optional and may comprise filtering, conditioning, A/D conversion, storage in memory, etc.
  • the technique derives surface permeability tensors and surface stress tensors 540. These tensors may be derived, for example, by associating a voltage measurement with a ⁇ and ⁇ values by looking at a lookup table stored in memory. This exemplary embodiment uses A/D conversion of the output voltage prior to associating this voltage with the ⁇ and ⁇ values.
  • association of the three values may also use interpolation to calculate intermediate values to those contained in the lookup table.
  • the technique may perform the above steps in the analogue domain, i.e. no A/D conversion of the output voltage is used.
  • the technique continues by wirelessly transmitting the ⁇ and ⁇ values to a receiving computer.
  • the technique may transmit either digital or analogue data.
  • the technique may store ⁇ and ⁇ data in the memory of the sensor 200, either volatile memory for facilitating data processing and/or transmission (e.g. to cater for unsuccessful wireless transmission), or non-volatile memory for long-term availability.
  • the technique checks if the scanning of the ferromagnetic material surface under test 280 continues with measurements at other points 560. If not, then the technique ends, otherwise the sensor 200 is moved to a new position 570. The technique repeats until no new points are left to measure and then ends. Data from the position sensor 290 are stored alongside each ⁇ and ⁇ values.
  • the mechanism for moving the sensor over the scanned surface is not part of the present invention. By means of example it may be implemented by a human operator manually moving the sensor by hand, or by means of a mechanical arm that it either manually or automatically operated.
  • the wireless transmission of the scan data i.e. the ⁇ , ⁇ , and position values of the set of points where measurements were performed to cover the selected area of the material 280; e.g. a lattice of points
  • step 580 once for the entire set of data.
  • the senor has no memory and simply transmits output voltage and position measurements to a computer which has the lookup table and performs the necessary calculations to produce the ⁇ and ⁇ values.
  • FIG.6 shows a schematic diagram of a multi-layer thin film sensor for measuring surface permeability tensors and surface stress tensors along several directions in a ferromagnetic material.
  • This sensor 600 contains at least two sensors at an angle to each other for measuring ⁇ and ⁇ values at various orientations at each measurement position on the surface of the ferromagnetic material under test 280.
  • three sensors 610, 620, 630 are used, each one being of the type of sensor 200.
  • Sensor 600 is enclosed in a packaging of the same type as the packaging used in sensor 200.
  • each sensor 610, 620, 630 is replaced by a single ASIC or IC, and positioning sensor for the entire sensor 600 which control the operation of all three sensors 610, 620, 630.
  • This exemplary implementation results in simpler design and manufacturing of sensor 600, as well as, reduced cost.
  • Alternative implementations of sensor 600 may be manufactured, employing alternative arrangement of the three sensors 610, 620, 630 on the surface and volume of sensor 600.
  • the senor may be manufactured to contain an array of tightly packed sensors of the type of sensor 200 or sensor 600 so as to perform several (equal to the number of packed sensors in the array) simultaneous measurements and speed up surface scanning of the ferromagnetic materials under test.
  • FIG.7 shows a block diagram of the electronic modules of the sensor of FIG.2.
  • the sensor 700 is shown positioned on a ferromagnetic material under test 730.
  • the sensor 700 comprises a sensor element module 705 of the same type as sensor 200, and an ASIC or IC 702.
  • the ASIC or IC 702 comprises a pulsed current generator 740 for supplying current to the current conductor 230 which forms the input 710 of the sensor module 705.
  • the pulsed current generator 740 is controlled by the processor 750 (e.g. a microcontroller), which is in turn connected to a memory module 760.
  • Memory 760 may comprise a volatile memory, a non-volatile memory, or a combination of the two memory types and this memory 760 may store computer instructions, data, measurements of ⁇ , ⁇ and position from the sensor 705 and data from previous measurements, etc.
  • the output 720 of the sensor module 705 outputs a voltage which is fed to an analogue filter 770 which outputs its signal to an A/D converter 780.
  • the A/D converter 780 converts the (analogue) voltage signal to a digital representation and feeds the digitized voltage to the processor 750.
  • the analogue filter 770 may be omitted, or replaced by a digital filter (not shown) placed between A/D converter 780 and processor 750, or implemented in software in the processor 750.
  • the processor 750 may derive or calculate the ⁇ and ⁇ values for the point under measurement of the ferromagnetic material 730.
  • the processor 750 may derive surface permeability tensors ⁇ and surface stress tensors ⁇ by associating a voltage measurement with a ⁇ and ⁇ values by looking at a lookup table stored in memory 760.
  • ⁇ and ⁇ values may be calculated by interpolating intermediate values to those contained in the lookup table.
  • the processor may store them in memory 760 (volatile and/or non-volatile) and then send them to the wireless transceiver 790 for transmission to a computer 795.
  • position data are also stored.
  • the wireless data transmission may be done using one of the WiFi, ZigBee, Bluetooth, cellular network, or a proprietary wireless technology.
  • the computer 795 may store the received data and analyze and visualize them using a software program, allowing its user to visualize a mapping of the surface tensor distribution for the selected point or scanned area of the ferromagnetic material 795.
  • the software program used in this visualization may be an in-house developed Application Specific Software, a general-purpose visualization software, a combination of software packages, a remote server or cloud-based software, and the like.
  • the computer 795 may be a general-purpose or application-specific computer, computing device, portable device, server, computing system or the like.
  • the sensor in the present invention may measure 1 ⁇ X ⁇ or less, depending on the dimensions of the employed thin film sensing element. These dimensions are also the resolution achieved by the sensor.
  • the proposed sensor is suitable for integration with ASIC and may operate both as an active device with integrated battery, as well as, a passive device where power is captured from electromagnetic energy transmitted to the sensor during measuring operation by an electronic reader or other device.
  • the speed of measurement achieved by the proposed sensor is less than one point measurement per ⁇ , rendering the sensor and the associated technique suitable for industrial applications and especially for scanning of ferromagnetic surfaces. This scanning is facilitated by the readings of the integrated position sensor, while the wireless data transmission speeds up the measurement processes and allows using the sensor and the associated technique in continuous measurement operation.
  • the sensitivity and uncertainty of the stress sensor are dependent on the sensitivity and uncertainty of the implemented thin film magnetic field sensor.
  • the worst sensitivity of the above mentioned thin film magnetic field sensors is lnT@Hz "1/2 improving as function of the inverse square route of the frequency, the sensitivity of the sensor in pulsed operation is far better than InT.
  • This sensitivity corresponds to much less than IMPa of local stress.
  • signals may be represented using any of a variety of different techniques.
  • data, software, instructions, signals that may be referenced throughout the above description may be represented by voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, light or any combination thereof.
  • DSP digital signal processor
  • ASIC application specific integrated circuit
  • FPGA field programmable gate array
  • a general- purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in the alternative, the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine.
  • a processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, e.g. a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, a plurality of microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in conjunction with a DSP core, or any other such configuration.
  • the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, firmware, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored on or transmitted over as one or more instructions or code on a computer readable medium.
  • Computer-readable media includes both computer storage media and communication media including any medium that facilitates transfer of a computer program from one place to another.
  • a storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer.
  • Such computer-readable media can comprise RAM, ROM, EEPROM, CD- ROM or other optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other medium that can be used to carry or store desired program code in the form of instructions or data structures and that can be accessed by a computer or any other device or apparatus operating as a computer. Also, any connection is properly termed a computer-readable medium.
  • Disk and disc includes compact disc (CD), laser disc, optical disc, digital versatile disc (DVD), floppy disk and blu-ray disc where disks usually reproduce data magnetically, while discs reproduce data optically with lasers. Combinations of the above should also be included within the scope of computer-readable media.
  • An exemplary storage medium is coupled to the processor such that the processor may read information from, and write information to, the storage medium.
  • the storage medium may be integral to the processor.
  • the processor and the storage medium may reside in an ASIC.
  • the ASIC may reside in a user terminal.
  • the processor and the storage medium may reside as discrete components in a user terminal.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
  • Investigating Or Analyzing Materials By The Use Of Magnetic Means (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne une technique d'essai non destructif et un capteur pour mesurer la perméabilité magnétique de surface et la distribution de contrainte de surface dans des matériaux ferromagnétiques. Le capteur utilise un élément de détection magnétorésistif à film mince qui est intercalé entre deux conducteurs de courant à film mince et des isolants, ou placé au-dessus ou au-dessous d'un conducteur. Des changements de la perméabilité magnétique du matériau ferromagnétique sur lesquels le capteur est placé créent une tension de sortie qui dépend de façon monotone de la perméabilité magnétique et également du tenseur de contrainte du matériau ferromagnétique. Un étalonnage approprié du capteur peut fournir des mesures de distribution de contrainte précises, qui peuvent être transmises sans fil. Un balayage de surface est également pris en charge par un capteur de position intégré.
PCT/CA2018/050891 2017-07-25 2018-07-24 Capteur de contrainte à film mince multicouche pour essai non destructif de matériaux ferromagnétiques Ceased WO2019018925A1 (fr)

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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114705331A (zh) * 2022-04-02 2022-07-05 深圳国微感知技术有限公司 压力响应特征曲线的获取方法、校准方法、存储介质
CN116124878A (zh) * 2022-11-21 2023-05-16 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司 非饱和局部磁化油气管道应力集中内检测装置及方法

Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050006713A1 (en) * 2003-02-25 2005-01-13 Sansung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method for manufacturing magnetic field detecting element

Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20050006713A1 (en) * 2003-02-25 2005-01-13 Sansung Electronics Co., Ltd. Method for manufacturing magnetic field detecting element

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN114705331A (zh) * 2022-04-02 2022-07-05 深圳国微感知技术有限公司 压力响应特征曲线的获取方法、校准方法、存储介质
CN114705331B (zh) * 2022-04-02 2023-12-22 深圳国微感知技术有限公司 压力响应特征曲线的获取方法、校准方法、存储介质
CN116124878A (zh) * 2022-11-21 2023-05-16 国家石油天然气管网集团有限公司 非饱和局部磁化油气管道应力集中内检测装置及方法

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