WO2019021263A1 - Procédé de fabrication d'engrais végétal organique à partir de jacinthe d'eau - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'engrais végétal organique à partir de jacinthe d'eau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019021263A1
WO2019021263A1 PCT/IB2018/055685 IB2018055685W WO2019021263A1 WO 2019021263 A1 WO2019021263 A1 WO 2019021263A1 IB 2018055685 W IB2018055685 W IB 2018055685W WO 2019021263 A1 WO2019021263 A1 WO 2019021263A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
water hyacinth
hyacinth
angiosperm
nutrient
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2018/055685
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English (en)
Inventor
Gileard Kennedy MTEGHA
Johannes Theodorus PIENAAR
Benjamin Robert MLOTCHWA
Frank Eddie MLOTCHWA
John KONDOWE
Josephine NYIRENDA
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Ursinix Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
Ursinix Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ursinix Pty Ltd filed Critical Ursinix Pty Ltd
Publication of WO2019021263A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019021263A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Priority to ZA2020/01270A priority Critical patent/ZA202001270B/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F5/00—Fertilisers from distillery wastes, molasses, vinasses, sugar plant or similar wastes or residues, e.g. from waste originating from industrial processing of raw material of agricultural origin or derived products thereof
    • C05F5/004—Liquid waste from mechanical processing of material, e.g. wash-water, milling fluid, filtrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
    • C05F—ORGANIC FERTILISERS NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C05B, C05C, e.g. FERTILISERS FROM WASTE OR REFUSE
    • C05F17/00—Preparation of fertilisers characterised by biological or biochemical treatment steps, e.g. composting or fermentation
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/10—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in agriculture
    • Y02A40/20—Fertilizers of biological origin, e.g. guano or fertilizers made from animal corpses
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
    • Y02P20/141—Feedstock
    • Y02P20/145—Feedstock the feedstock being materials of biological origin
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
    • Y02W30/00—Technologies for solid waste management
    • Y02W30/40—Bio-organic fraction processing; Production of fertilisers from the organic fraction of waste or refuse

Definitions

  • THIS invention is in the fields of the manufacture of organic fertilizers.
  • Water hyacinth ⁇ Eichhornia crassipes, Family Pontederiaceae is known as "the world's worst water weed” because it can spread fast and widely, grows very quickly both sexually and vegetatively, and causes considerable damage to water ecosystems, riparian vegetation, people's deaths, and general human economic development.
  • the water hyacinth Eichhornia Crassipes
  • Eichhornia Crassipes is a free floating aquatic weed originating from South America. It can be recognized by its large swollen leaves and violet flowers arranged in spikes. It was introduced as an ornamental species into the USA, South East Asia and South Africa in the late 19th century and is now naturalized in most tropical and subtropical areas. It can be found between 38°N and 38°S and is referred to as a noxious weed in more than 50 countries on five continents.
  • the plant thrives in eutrophicated and polluted water bodies. In these water bodies, heavy metals and other chemical elements are taken up by the plant for its own and healthy growth.
  • the water hyacinth is considered to be responsible for reduction of biodiversity. Once introduced, it takes over the whole environment blocking waterways, rivers, irrigation canals and lakes. Ships and boats used for fishing and transportation have severe problems with their navigation because of water hyacinth mats. Fishermen struggle to reach fishing areas, resulting in loss of civil. Water hyacinth can also block irrigation canals, reducing the water flow and resulting in poor irrigation and floods.
  • the water hyacinth plant is unusual in many ways. It is a truly floating plant which invades and colonises all water courses in which it grows, destroying their ecosystem. On the other hand, this same invasive plant has positive properties to absorb chemical elements from the water courses it grows in.
  • a method of converting chemicals absorbed by an angiosperm into a plant nutrient comprising the step of draining at least a portion of the water in the angiosperm for use as a liquid nutrient for plants.
  • the step of draining the retained water in the angiosperm preferably of the Family Pontederiaceae, typically of the genus Eichhornia, specifically of the species Eichhornia crassipes commonly known as water hyacinth, may comprise dewatering the water hyacinth to remove at least a portion of the water in the water hyacinth.
  • the method may comprise a step of concentrating the drained water.
  • the step of concentrating the water removed from the water hyacinth may comprise filtering the drained water, and collecting the drained water in a container, in particular a concentration tank.
  • the method includes the step of concentrating the drained water, the step including the step of evaporating about 60% of the drained water preferably under standard temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions, typically under sunlight for about a week in order to obtain a concentrate for use as a liquid nutrient for plants.
  • a method of converting an angiosperm into a nutrient for plants comprising the steps of draining at least a portion of the water in the angiosperm until the moisture content of the angiosperm is at a predefined moisture content; and converting the angiosperm into a nutrient for plants.
  • the step of draining the water in the angiosperm may comprise dewatering the water hyacinth typically in a dewatering unit, such as a press, so as to squeeze the inherent water and intracellular-trapped water in the water hyacinth until the moisture content of the water hyacinth is between about 30% and 40%.
  • the method may comprise a step of concentrating the drained water.
  • the step of concentrating the water removed from the water hyacinth may comprise filtering the drained water, and collecting the filtrate in a concentration container/tank for concentrating the filtrate into a concentrate solution for use as a liquid nutrient for plants.
  • the step of concentrating the filtrate includes evaporating about 60% of the filtrate preferably under standard temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions, typically under sunlight for about a week in order to obtain a concentrate solution for use as a liquid nutrient for plants.
  • the method may comprise an optional step of cutting, preferably chopping or shredding, the water hyacinth preferably to a maximum length of about 50mm, more preferably 40mm, to remove the air trapped in the intercellular spaces in the plant tissues, for preventing automatic fermentation of the water hyacinth and for increasing the surface area of the water hyacinth that can be exposed to conversion agents downstream.
  • the conversion step may be a mineralization process typically conducted in a reactor at a temperature of about 60 degrees Celsius, preferably 40 degrees Celsius, and at least at atmospheric pressure.
  • the mineralization process may comprise a step of feeding a first conversion agent, in particular a nutrient enriching agent, typically a Nitrogen enrichment agent, such as chicken manure/litter, goat manure, sheep manure, pigs manure, guano (such as bats and sea birds) manure, to the drained or de-watered water hyacinth.
  • a first conversion agent in particular a nutrient enriching agent, typically a Nitrogen enrichment agent, such as chicken manure/litter, goat manure, sheep manure, pigs manure, guano (such as bats and sea birds) manure
  • the mineralization process may comprise a step of blending the combination of the nutrient enriching agent and the drained water hyacinth in the reactor or prior to being introduced into the reactor.
  • the mineralization process may comprise a step of feeding a second conversion agent, such as microbes, preferably EM-1 microbes, to the combination of the nutrient enrichment agent and the drained water hyacinth for enhancing the mineralization of the water hyacinth to achieve a mineralization rate of about 80% in up to ten days.
  • a second conversion agent such as microbes, preferably EM-1 microbes
  • the method may comprise the step of removing the mineralized plant matter from the reactor for use as solid plant nutrient.
  • the method comprises the step of windrowing the shredded and de-watered water hyacinth plants to create a predefined bulk density of about 650 kg/m 3 so as to enable adequate oxygen flow, and afford free air space of between 55 to 65% by volume in order to induce optimal aerobic conditions for the onset of the organomineralisation process of the water hyacinth plant.
  • the method may comprise the step of feeding EM-1 stock solution diluted with clean un-chlorinated water at a ratio of about 1 :500 to 1 :1000, and mixed with 1 % molasses to the windrow of shredded and de-watered water hyacinth at a rate of about 25 litres (diluted EM-1 solution) per 70 tonnes of the water hyacinth, preferably twice a day.
  • the EM-1 stock solution comprises 6.8x10 7 CFU/ml lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus casei) and 2.4x10 2 CFU/ml Yeast (Saccharomycess cerevisiae).
  • these selected beneficial phototropic microorganisms attack the organic matter of the water hyacinth plants to breakdown the plant tissues as part of the mineralisation process.
  • the method includes the step of aerating the windrow material (i.e. water hyacinth), preferably three times a day, more preferably two times a day, more preferably once a day to maintain the temperature of the windrow material at about 40°C.
  • aerating the windrow material i.e. water hyacinth
  • the step of aerating the windrow material comprises turning over the windrow material.
  • the method comprises the step of adding the dewatered water from the water hyacinth or concentrate solution to the windrow material during the aeration step.
  • the method comprises repeating the aeration step and the step of adding the water drained from the water hyacinth or concentrate solution for about
  • the method may comprise the step of screening the mineralised product through a screen of a predefined aperture size to achieve mineralised product having a consistent product size.
  • FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of a method for making a fertilizer from water hyacinth in accordance with a first version of the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows a block diagram of a method for making a fertilizer from water hyacinth in accordance with a second version of the invention.
  • a method 10 of manufacturing plant fertilizer from water hyacinth includes receiving the water hyacinth which was previously harvested in a harvester as described in more detail in a related, simultaneously filed PCT Application that is based on South African provisional patent application No. 2017/05135.
  • the water hyacinth may be sized manually or by means of any sizing unit that is capable of shredding or cutting or chopping the water hyacinth to predefined lengths.
  • the shredded water hyacinth would have a length of not more than 50mm, preferably 40mm to ensure loss of molecular memory in the water hyacinth.
  • the shredding of the plant matter rids the plant matter of the air trapped in the intercellular spaces in the plant tissues. This air, if left trapped into the tissues, initiates fermentation of the plant materials and promotes formation of methane gas, and inhibits the mineralisation rate of the plant matter into nutrients.
  • the shredded water hyacinth contains about 90% moisture. This moisture is inherent in the plant but is also soaked up in the voids of the intercellular spaces in the plant. To initiate mineralisation of the water hyacinth, the moisture content should typically be in the range of 35-40%. Accordingly, the method 10 includes the step of draining or dewatering 12 the shredded water hyacinth. Typically, the step of dewatering 12 the water hyacinth may be conducted in a draining/dewatering process unit such as a press having an arrangement of rollers defining spaces between them for squeezing the shredded water hyacinth between the rollers.
  • a draining/dewatering process unit such as a press having an arrangement of rollers defining spaces between them for squeezing the shredded water hyacinth between the rollers.
  • the shredded water hyacinth having the moisture content of about 90% would be fed into the draining unit and subsequently squeezed or pressed by the draining unit.
  • the product released from the draining unit is drained water/fluid and drained plant matter (i.e. drained water hyacinth).
  • Moisture control in the draining unit i.e. draining step 12
  • the drained water hyacinth would typically have a moisture content of between 30% and 40%.
  • the water drained from the water hyacinth is fed to an open ended/uncovered concentration tank which is subjected to sunlight during the day. Typically, about 60% of the water in the concentration tank would be evaporated under standard temperature, typically sunlight, and atmospheric pressure conditions in order to obtain a concentrate solution which can be packed in bottles and fed directly to crops as liquid fertilizer.
  • the method 10 includes the step of converting 16 the dewatered water hyacinth into fertilizer.
  • the conversion of the water hyacinth into a solid fertilizer includes subjecting the dewatered hyacinth to a mineralization process that is conducted in a mineralisation processing unit, typically a reactor (not shown).
  • the reactor (not shown) is arranged to be operated preferably at about 60 degrees Celsius, preferably at about 40 degrees Celsius and atmospheric pressure.
  • the inherent Nitrogen levels in raw water hyacinth is between 2.3 - 2.9%. Since Nitrogen is a predominant macro-nutrient for plants, it is required that the Nitrogen content in the water hyacinth to be boosted to at least about 5% in order for the water hyacinth to be used as a nutrient for plants. It is known in the art that at least about 3.0% Nitrogen is the minimum Nitrogen content required for the growth of most living plants. Accordingly, the water hyacinth needs to be enriched/boosted with Nitrogen so that it can be used as a plant nutrient.
  • the method 10 includes the step of feeding animal litter, such as chicken manure/litter, goat manure, sheep manure, pigs manure, and/or guano (such as bats and sea birds) manure, into the reactor and which is then mixed with the shredded water hyacinth in the reactor in order to activate the mineralisation of the water hyacinth.
  • animal litter such as chicken manure/litter, goat manure, sheep manure, pigs manure, and/or guano (such as bats and sea birds) manure
  • the reactor has an agitator or stirrer that is used to mix the animal litter and the shredded water hyacinth.
  • the stirrer may be operated continuously or semi-continuously (i.e. in batches).
  • the animal litter is added into the reactor in predefined proportions until Carbon to Nitrogen ratio of the water hyacinth and the animal litter in the reactor is about 24.3:1 . It has been found that this ratio meets favourable conditions for the mineralization process to effectively take place.
  • the method 10 includes the step of feeding the microbes in predefined proportions into the reactor (not shown) and mixed, preferably by using the agitator that is fitted to the reactor, with the combination of the animal litter and shredded water hyacinth.
  • the proportions of the EM-1 microbes and the nutrient enriching agent added to the water hyacinth may be such that the overall Carbon to Nitrogen ratio is about 24.3:1 .
  • the EM-1 microbes are derived from stock solution consists of 6.8x10 7 CFU/ml lactic acid bacteria (Lactobacillus casei) and 2.4x10 2 CFU/ml Yeast (Saccharomycess cerevisiae).
  • the stock solution can be diluted with clean un- chlorinated water at a ratio of 1 :500 to 1 :1000 (depending on climatic conditions), and mixed with 1 % molasses.
  • about 25 litres of diluted EM-1 solution is fed to the reactor comprising the mixture of the shredded water hyacinth and animal litter.
  • the mineralisation process typically takes up to 10-14 days to reach 80% mineralisation rate.
  • the method of manufacturing fertilizer (i.e. plant nutrients) using the water hyacinth 100 includes sizing the water hyacinth, typically by feeding the water hyacinth into a sizing unit 102, such as a shredding/cutting machine, that is arranged to shred the water hyacinth up to a maximum length of about 50mm, preferably 40mm.
  • a sizing unit 102 such as a shredding/cutting machine
  • the shredding of the water hyacinth plants can occur in a harvester that is described in the simultaneously filed PCT application referred to above.
  • the sizing i.e.
  • the method 100 includes dewatering 104 the intercellular-trapped and inherent water in the water hyacinth from 90% to between 30 to 40% inherent moisture content.
  • the dewatering 104 of the water hyacinth can occur in a press comprising rollers that are spaced apart by 5mm to 10mm to define a space in which the water hyacinth can be squeezed in order to remove or drain the water trapped therein.
  • the 30-40% moisture content is the optimal moisture content which creates the optimal conditions for microorganisms, which are used in converting the water hyacinth to plant nutrients, to breakdown the organic matter of the water hyacinth plants.
  • the method 100 further includes the step of concentrating the de-watered fluids/water 106.
  • the concentration step includes optionally passing the fluids through a filter (not shown) and feeding the filtrate into a holding, concentration tank.
  • the concentration tank is opened at the top and is typically arranged to be in direct sunlight. It is required for about 60% of the filtrate to evaporate under standard temperature and atmospheric pressure conditions in order to form a concentrate solution for use as liquid organic fertiliser (i.e. liquid plant nutrient).
  • the method 100 further includes arranging the de-watered water hyacinth plants in windrows 108 to create bulk density of 650 kg/m 3 to enable adequate oxygen flow, and afford free air space of between 55 - 65% by volume. This would typically induce optimal aerobic conditions for the onset of an organomineralisation process of the organic plant material.
  • the method 100 includes feeding EM-1 stock solution that is diluted with clean un- chlorinated water at a ratio of 1 :500 to 1 :1000 (depending on climatic conditions), and mixed with 1 % molasses to the dewatered windrows of water hyacinth plants at the rate of 25 litres (diluted EM-1 solution) per 70 tonnes of materials (i.e. shredded water hyacinth).
  • the EM-1 stock solution can be applied to the windrows at least once, preferably twice a day.
  • the EM-1 stock solution consists of 6.8x10 7 CFU/ml lactic acid bacteria
  • the method 100 includes the step of aerating 1 10 the windrows, typically once a day, preferably two times a day, more preferably three times a day to maintain the temperature at about 40°C.
  • the step of aerating the windrows may comprise tossing and turning the windrows, preferably by using a turner machine or manually. The aeration of the windrows achieves the following:
  • the method 100 may include the step of adding about 5 to 20% of animal litter, preferably chicken manure, in addition to the mixture of the diluted EM-1 solution and windrow material, in order to boost the Nitrogen in the final product.
  • animal litter preferably chicken manure
  • the 5 to 20% of animal litter can be added and blended with the windrow material prior to the step of feeding the EM-1 solution to the windrow material.
  • the method 100 includes adding the concentrated solution mentioned above while the windrow material is turned over.
  • the addition of the concentrated solution to the windrow material has two main effects, i.e. it aids to reduce the temperature to below 50°C, and adds extra nutrients squeezed out of the water hyacinth during the de-watering step.
  • the process achieves 80% mineralisation rate in 10 -14 days from harvesting time depending on climatic conditions, by which time the material is in the form of organic nutrients and carbon matter which can be applied as farm inputs to crops on farms.
  • the method 100 includes the step of screening 1 12 the resultant, mineralised product in a suitable screen having a predefined aperture size to achieve consistent product size.
  • the screened mineralised product is then used as a fertilizer.
  • the ions produced during mineralization of the water hyacinth constitute the 16 nutrients required to enhance root growth; cell formation; water absorption rates and regulation; disease control; metabolic reactions; strength of plants; photosynthesis, protein production, fruit, flower, seed and leaves development, and chlorophyll production etc.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Botany (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Biochemistry (AREA)
  • Biotechnology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Microbiology (AREA)
  • Molecular Biology (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé de conversion de produits chimiques absorbés par un angiosperme en un nutriment végétal, le procédé comprenant l'étape de drainage d'au moins une partie de l'eau dans l'angiosperme pour une utilisation en tant que nutriment liquide pour des plantes. Le procédé concerne également un procédé de conversion d'un angiosperme en un nutriment pour des plantes, le procédé comprenant les étapes consistant à drainer au moins une partie de l'eau dans l'angiosperme jusqu'à ce que la teneur en humidité de l'angiosperme soit à une teneur en humidité prédéfinie ; et à convertir l'angiosperme en un nutriment pour des plantes.
PCT/IB2018/055685 2017-07-28 2018-07-30 Procédé de fabrication d'engrais végétal organique à partir de jacinthe d'eau Ceased WO2019021263A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA2020/01270A ZA202001270B (en) 2017-07-28 2020-02-27 Method of making an organic plant fertilizer and animal feed from water hyacinth

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ZA2017/05136 2017-07-28
ZA201705136 2017-07-28

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019021263A1 true WO2019021263A1 (fr) 2019-01-31

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/IB2018/055685 Ceased WO2019021263A1 (fr) 2017-07-28 2018-07-30 Procédé de fabrication d'engrais végétal organique à partir de jacinthe d'eau

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WO (1) WO2019021263A1 (fr)
ZA (1) ZA202001270B (fr)

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4961774A (en) * 1985-09-23 1990-10-09 Spie Batignolles Process for the cultivation of aquatic plants, the resulting plants, and their uses
US20060277887A1 (en) * 2005-05-31 2006-12-14 Nutragon, Llc Method for processing organic plant matter into dry powder, oil and juice products

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4961774A (en) * 1985-09-23 1990-10-09 Spie Batignolles Process for the cultivation of aquatic plants, the resulting plants, and their uses
US20060277887A1 (en) * 2005-05-31 2006-12-14 Nutragon, Llc Method for processing organic plant matter into dry powder, oil and juice products

Non-Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
NEKLYUDOV, AD ET AL.: "Intensification of Composting Processes by Aerobic Microorganisms: A Review", APPLIED BIOCHEMISTRY AND MICROBIOLOGY, vol. 44, no. 1, 2008, pages 6 - 18, XP055571147 *
ROLZ, C ET AL.: "Windrow composting of sugarcane and coffee byproducts", SUGAR TECHNOLOGY, vol. 12, no. 1, 2010, pages 15 - 20, XP055571148 *
SARIKA, D ET AL.: "Study of physico-chemical and biochemical parameters during rotary drum composting of water hyacinth", INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RECYCLING OF ORGANIC WASTE IN AGRICULTURE, vol. 3-63, pages 1 - 10, XP055571145, [retrieved on 20140815] *

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