WO2019071921A1 - 一种多谐振层的空芯反谐振光纤 - Google Patents

一种多谐振层的空芯反谐振光纤 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019071921A1
WO2019071921A1 PCT/CN2018/080599 CN2018080599W WO2019071921A1 WO 2019071921 A1 WO2019071921 A1 WO 2019071921A1 CN 2018080599 W CN2018080599 W CN 2018080599W WO 2019071921 A1 WO2019071921 A1 WO 2019071921A1
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resonant
layer
resonant layer
cladding region
microcapillary
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
王璞
高寿飞
汪滢莹
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Beijing University of Technology
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Beijing University of Technology
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Priority to CN201880065268.XA priority Critical patent/CN111201459B/zh
Priority to US16/754,350 priority patent/US11009654B2/en
Publication of WO2019071921A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019071921A1/zh
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/02314—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes
    • G02B6/02319—Plurality of longitudinal structures extending along optical fibre axis, e.g. holes characterised by core or core-cladding interface features
    • G02B6/02323—Core having lower refractive index than cladding, e.g. photonic band gap guiding
    • G02B6/02328—Hollow or gas filled core
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/02295—Microstructured optical fibre
    • G02B6/023—Microstructured optical fibre having different index layers arranged around the core for guiding light by reflection, i.e. 1D crystal, e.g. omniguide
    • G02B6/02304—Core having lower refractive index than cladding, e.g. air filled, hollow core
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03605—Highest refractive index not on central axis
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
    • G02B6/036—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating core or cladding comprising multiple layers
    • G02B6/03616—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference
    • G02B6/03622—Optical fibres characterised both by the number of different refractive index layers around the central core segment, i.e. around the innermost high index core layer, and their relative refractive index difference having 2 layers only
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B82—NANOTECHNOLOGY
    • B82Y—SPECIFIC USES OR APPLICATIONS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MEASUREMENT OR ANALYSIS OF NANOSTRUCTURES; MANUFACTURE OR TREATMENT OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • B82Y20/00—Nanooptics, e.g. quantum optics or photonic crystals

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the field of optical fiber communication technologies, and more particularly to a hollow core anti-resonant optical fiber of a multi-resonant layer.
  • optical fiber As a mainstream way of broadband access, optical fiber has the advantages of large communication capacity, long relay distance, good security performance, strong adaptability, small size and light weight, wide source of raw materials and low price.
  • broadband Internet access is available. The application will be very extensive.
  • air-core fibers have some significant advantages due to their use of air-guided air.
  • air-core fiber utilizes ultra-low Rayleigh scattering and nonlinear coefficient of air (a few orders of magnitude lower than all glass materials), in principle, ultra-low loss and low nonlinear optical transmission can be achieved. It also provides higher propagation speeds (ie, smaller delays) and laser damage thresholds.
  • the photonic band gap type hollow core photonic crystal fiber is inspired by the concept of "photonic band gap", and a periodic arrangement of air hole structures is introduced into the cladding to form a photonic band gap.
  • the defect in the center of the structure is an air hole, the wavelength is in the band.
  • the light in the gap can be completely bound in the air core.
  • 1.2dB/km also affects the transmission performance of the fiber, especially the transmission of high power laser.
  • the band gap generation principle of a photonic bandgap hollow-core photonic crystal fiber determines that it has an intrinsic defect: the transmission bandwidth is narrow (it is difficult to exceed 70 THz). This means that the application of photonic bandgap hollow-core photonic crystal fibers is limited to a narrow spectral bandwidth, limiting the need for applications that require wide spectral bandwidth transmission.
  • the present invention provides a multi-resonant layer air core anti-resonant optical fiber that overcomes the above problems or at least partially solves the above problems, and solves the problems of low transmission efficiency, narrow transmission bandwidth, large bending loss, and transmission loss in the prior art. High and low damage threshold.
  • a hollow core anti-resonant optical fiber comprising a core region of a low refractive index and a cladding region of a high refractive index, the cladding region including an inner cladding region and an outer cladding region.
  • the outer cladding region covers the inner cladding region and the core region, the inner cladding region includes a first anti-resonant layer and a second anti-resonant layer, and the first anti-resonant layer and the second anti-resonant layer surround the fiber a core region;
  • the first anti-resonant layer includes a plurality of layers of microcapillaries, and the second anti-resonant layer supports the first anti-resonant layer.
  • the high refractive index cladding region is silica, soft glass or plastic.
  • the microcapillary in each of the microcapillary tubes forms an annular distribution structure, and the microcapillaries in the innermost one-turn microcapillary are not in contact with each other.
  • the second anti-resonant layer is a ring-shaped capillary or a rectangular tube, and the second anti-resonant layer is disposed between two adjacent first anti-resonant layers and each of the two first anti-resonant layers One microcapillary is tangent.
  • the second anti-resonant layer is further provided with a supporting component for supporting two adjacent first anti-resonant layers, and the supporting component is disposed at a position other than the tangent point of the second anti-resonant layer and the microcapillary
  • a plurality of microcapillary tubes having a supporting function are disposed between the outermost second anti-resonant layer and the outer cladding region.
  • the first anti-resonant layer is one or two layers
  • the microcapillary is further provided with a plurality of layers of in-line thin walls, and the plurality of layers of in-line thin walls are disposed in parallel to the microcapillary Inside.
  • the innermost microcapillary is circular or elliptical in cross section.
  • the inline thin wall is a linear quartz wall having a thickness of about 100 nm to 5000 nm, and the quartz wall is embedded in the innermost capillary.
  • the innermost microcapillary of the first anti-resonant layer has a negative curvature shape.
  • the distance between the centers of two adjacent microcapsules in the first anti-resonant layer is not less than 10 ⁇ m.
  • the present application proposes a multi-resonant layer hollow core anti-resonant fiber, which is provided with a double-clad structure and an anti-resonance of two or more layers by providing a first anti-resonant layer and a second anti-resonant layer in an inner cladding region of the optical fiber.
  • Layer theoretical simulation, the loss energy can be reduced to 0.1dB/km, with ultra-low transmission loss, wide spectral bandwidth, low bending loss, low transmission loss, high damage threshold and maintaining single-mode transmission;
  • Cutting-edge applications such as trace gas/liquid detection and high-power pulse compression create an ideal platform for high efficiency and sensitivity.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hollow core anti-resonant optical fiber according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hollow core anti-resonant optical fiber according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hollow core anti-resonant optical fiber according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hollow core anti-resonant optical fiber according to Embodiment 5 of the present invention.
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a hollow core anti-resonant optical fiber according to Embodiment 6 of the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a hollow core anti-resonant optical fiber according to Embodiment 8 of the present invention.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view showing a hollow core anti-resonant optical fiber according to Embodiment 9 of the present invention.
  • a hollow core anti-resonant optical fiber comprising a low refractive index core region and a high refractive index cladding region, the high refractive index cladding region comprising an inner cladding region and an outer cladding region, the outer cladding region cladding An inner cladding region and a core region, the inner cladding region including a first anti-resonant layer and a second anti-resonant layer, and the first anti-resonant layer and the second anti-resonant layer surround the core region;
  • the resonant layer includes a plurality of layers of microcapillaries that support the first antiresonant layer.
  • the high refractive index cladding region is silica, soft glass or plastic.
  • microcapillary in each of the microcapillary tubes forms an annular distribution structure, and the microcapillary tubes in the innermost one-turn microcapillary are not in contact with each other.
  • a hollow core anti-resonant optical fiber of a multi-anti-resonant layer including a low refractive index core region and a high refractive index cladding region, the high refractive index cladding region is illustrated.
  • the inner cladding region 4 and the outer cladding region 5 are covered, and the outer cladding region 5 covers the inner cladding region 4 and the core region 1, and the outer cladding region 5 is an outer layer of the optical fiber.
  • the inner cladding layer The region 4 includes a first anti-resonant layer 2, the first anti-resonant layer 2 comprising a plurality of microcapillary tubes, the microcapillaries are equally spaced around the core region 1 in an annular shape, and the microcapillaries are mutually There is no contact between them, forming a ring structure without nodes and no contact.
  • the low refractive index core region is filled with one or more air, or is a vacuum.
  • the high refractive index cladding region is silicon dioxide, soft glass or plastic, and the microcapillary has a negative curvature shape, the thickness of which is the same order of magnitude as the laser operating wavelength to be transmitted.
  • the distance between the center of the microcapillary and the center of the adjacent microcapillary is at least 10 ⁇ m.
  • a micro-capillary is further provided with a layer of thin-walled walls 3, and the in-line thin walls 3 are arranged in parallel in the microcapillary, and A straight line connecting the midpoint of the cross-section of the in-line thin wall 3 to the center of the outer cladding region 5 passes through the center or center of the microcapillary.
  • the in-line thin wall 3 is a plurality of linear quartz walls having a thickness of 100 nm to 5000 nm, and the quartz walls are embedded in the microcapillary.
  • FIG. 1 shows a multi-anti-resonant layer hollow core anti-resonant fiber, including a low refractive index core region 1 and a high refractive index.
  • the cladding region of the high refractive index includes an inner cladding region 4 and an outer cladding region 4, the outer cladding region 5 covering the inner cladding region 4 and the core region 1, and the outer cladding region 5 is an outer fiber layer
  • the inner cladding region 4 comprises a first anti-resonant layer 2
  • the first anti-resonant layer 2 comprises a plurality of microcapillary tubes, and the microcapillaries are equally spaced in a ring shape.
  • the core region 1 is surrounded, and the microcapillaries are not in contact with each other, forming a ring structure without nodes.
  • the low refractive index core region is filled with one or more air, or is a vacuum.
  • the high refractive index cladding region is silicon dioxide, soft glass or plastic, and the microcapillary has a negative curvature shape, the thickness of which is on the same order of magnitude as the laser operating wavelength to be transmitted.
  • the distance between the center of the microcapillary and the center of the adjacent microcapillary is at least 10 ⁇ m.
  • two layers of in-line thin walls 3 are further disposed in each of the microcapillary tubes, and the in-line thin wall 3 includes two layers, and other structures and implementations are provided.
  • the two-layered in-line thin wall 3 is distributed in parallel in the microcapillary, and a straight line connecting the midpoint of the cross-section of the in-line thin wall 3 with the center of the outer cladding passes through the micro The center or center of the capillary.
  • the in-line thin wall 3 is a plurality of linear quartz walls having a thickness of 100 nm to 5000 nm, and the quartz walls are embedded in the microcapillary.
  • the in-line thin wall includes a plurality of layers distributed in the microcapillary, and other features are the same as those in Embodiment 1 and Embodiment 2, and thus are not described herein.
  • the microcapillary is elliptical, and other features are the same as those of the first to third embodiments, and therefore will not be described again.
  • a hollow core anti-resonant optical fiber of a multi-anti-resonant layer including a low refractive index core region 1 and a high refractive index cladding region, the high refractive index cladding layer is illustrated.
  • the area includes an inner cladding region 4 and an outer cladding region 5, the outer cladding region 5 covering the inner cladding region 4 and the core region 1, and the outer cladding region 5 is an outer layer of the optical fiber.
  • the inner package The layer region 4 comprises a layer of a first anti-resonant layer 2, the first anti-resonant layer 2 comprising a plurality of microcapillary tubes, the microcapillaries being equally spaced around the core region, and the microcapillary tubes are mutually There is no contact between them, forming a ring structure without nodes and no contact.
  • the low refractive index core region is filled with one or more air, or is a vacuum.
  • the microcapillary has a shape of negative curvature, and the thickness of the microcapillary is the same order of magnitude as the laser to be transmitted.
  • the distance between the center of the microcapillary and the center of the adjacent microcapillary is at least 10 ⁇ m.
  • the second anti-resonant layer 3 is further included, and the second anti-resonant layer 3 is an annular capillary tube. As shown in FIG. 4, the inner side of the second anti-resonant layer 3 and the first anti-resonant layer 2 Each of the microcapillary tubes is tangent, and a plurality of microcapillaries having a supporting function are provided between the outer side and the outer cladding region 5.
  • the second anti-resonant layer 3 is further provided with a supporting component for supporting two adjacent first anti-resonant layers 2, and the supporting component is disposed on the second anti-resonant layer 2 and the micro-capillary layer At a location other than the cut point.
  • the microcapillary has a circular cross section.
  • the innermost microcapillary of the first anti-resonant layer 2 has a negative curvature shape.
  • the distance between the centers of two adjacent microcapsules in the first anti-resonant layer 2 is not less than 10 ⁇ m
  • the second anti-resonant layer 2 is a ring-shaped structure having a thickness and a microcapillary approximation and the same material.
  • the thickness is about 200 nm to 5000 nm.
  • a hollow core anti-resonant optical fiber of a multi-anti-resonant layer including a low refractive index core region 1 and a high refractive index cladding region, the high refractive index cladding layer is illustrated.
  • the area includes an inner cladding region 4 and an outer cladding region 5, the outer cladding region 5 covering the inner cladding region 4 and the core region 1, and the outer cladding region 5 is an outer layer of the optical fiber.
  • the inner package The layer region comprises two first anti-resonant layers 2, the first anti-resonant layer 2 comprising a plurality of microcapillary tubes, the microcapillaries are equally spaced around the core region, and the microcapillaries are mutually No contact, forming a ring structure without nodes and no contact.
  • the low refractive index core region is filled with one or more air, or is a vacuum.
  • the microcapillary has a shape of negative curvature, and the thickness of the microcapillary is the same order of magnitude as the laser to be transmitted.
  • the distance between the center of the microcapillary and the center of the adjacent microcapillary is at least 10 ⁇ m.
  • the second anti-resonant layer is a ring-shaped capillary.
  • the second anti-resonant layer 3 includes two layers, and one layer is disposed on the Between the two first anti-resonant layers 2 and tangential to the microcapillary in each of the first anti-resonant layers 2, the inner and outermost first anti-resonant layers 1 of the other second anti-resonant layer 3
  • Each of the microcapillary tubes is tangent, and a plurality of microcapillaries having a supporting function are provided between the outer side and the outer cladding region 5.
  • the second anti-resonant layer 3 is a ring structure having a thickness and a microcapillary approximation and the same material. The thickness is about 200 nm to 5000 nm.
  • the second anti-resonant layer 3 is further provided with a supporting component for supporting two adjacent first anti-resonant layers 2, and the supporting component is disposed on the second anti-resonant layer 3 and the micro-capillary layer At a location other than the cut point.
  • the microcapillary has a circular cross section.
  • the innermost microcapillary of the first anti-resonant layer 2 has a negative curvature shape.
  • the distance between the centers of two adjacent microcapsules in the first anti-resonant layer 2 is not less than 10 ⁇ m.
  • a low refractive index core region and a high refractive index cladding region are included, and the high refractive index cladding region includes an inner cladding region and an outer cladding region, the outsourcing The layer region covers the inner cladding region and the core region, the inner cladding region includes a first anti-resonant layer and a second anti-resonant layer, and the first anti-resonant layer and the second anti-resonant layer surround the core region;
  • the first anti-resonant layer includes a plurality of layers of microcapillaries, and the second anti-resonant layer supports the first anti-resonant layer.
  • the second anti-resonant layer is a ring-shaped capillary or a rectangular tube, and the second anti-resonant layer is disposed between two adjacent first anti-resonant layers and is adjacent to each of the two first anti-resonant layers. cut.
  • the second anti-resonant layer is further provided with a supporting component for supporting two adjacent first anti-resonant layers, and the supporting component is disposed outside the tangent point of the second anti-resonant layer and the microcapillary At the position of the outermost layer, a plurality of microcapillary tubes having a supporting effect are provided between the outermost second anti-resonant layer and the outer cladding region.
  • an optical fiber structure having a three-layer anti-resonant layer is proposed.
  • a microcapillary is added to each layer.
  • the structural feature of the in-line thin wall is only one layer shown in the figure, but it is not limited thereto, and may be a plurality of layers.
  • the first anti-resonant layer and the second anti-resonant layer may also be one or more layers.
  • Floor may also be one or more layers.
  • the inner cladding region 4 may have a deformation as shown in FIG.
  • the layer area is divided into two or more incomplete circular areas.
  • the present application proposes a multi-resonant layer hollow core anti-resonant fiber, which adopts a double-clad structure and passes two layers by providing a first anti-resonant layer and a second anti-resonant layer in an inner cladding region of the optical fiber.
  • the theoretical simulation loss can be reduced to 0.1dB / km, with ultra-low transmission loss, wide spectral bandwidth, low bending loss, low transmission loss, high damage threshold and maintain single-mode transmission;
  • Cutting-edge applications such as nonlinear frequency conversion, trace gas/liquid detection, and high-power pulse compression create an ideal platform for high efficiency and sensitivity.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Optical Fibers, Optical Fiber Cores, And Optical Fiber Bundles (AREA)
  • Lasers (AREA)
  • Optical Modulation, Optical Deflection, Nonlinear Optics, Optical Demodulation, Optical Logic Elements (AREA)
  • Optical Couplings Of Light Guides (AREA)

Abstract

一种多谐振层的空芯反谐振光纤，包括低折射率的纤芯区域（1）和高折射率的包层区域，高折射率的包层区域包括内包层区域（4）和外包层区域（5），外包层区域（5）包覆内包层区域（4）和纤芯区域（1）。内包层区域（4）包括第一反谐振层（2）和第二反谐振层（3），且第一反谐振层（2）和第二反谐振层（3）包围纤芯区域（1）；第一反谐振层（2）包括若干层微毛细管，第二反谐振层（3）支撑第一反谐振层（2）。采用双包层结构，通过两层及以上的反谐振层，理论仿真上损耗能降低至０．１ｄＢ／ｋｍ，具有超低传输损耗、光谱带宽宽、弯曲损耗小、传输损耗低、损伤阈值高和保持单模传输的特点。

Description

一种多谐振层的空芯反谐振光纤
交叉引用
本申请引用于2017年10月13日提交的专利名称为“一种多谐振层的空芯反谐振光纤”的第2017109541726号中国专利申请，其通过引用被全部并入本申请。
技术领域
本发明涉及光纤通信技术领域，更具体地，涉及一种多谐振层的空芯反谐振光纤。
背景技术
光纤作为宽带接入一种主流的方式，有着通信容量大、中继距离长、保密性能好、适应能力强、体积小重量轻、原材料来源广价格低廉等的优点，未来在宽带互联网接入的应用会非常广泛。
作为光纤光学的一个主要研究方向，空芯光纤因其利用纤芯的空气导光而具有一些显著的优点。相比于实芯光纤，空芯光纤利用空气的超低的瑞利散射和非线性系数(比所有玻璃材料低几个数量级)，原则上可以实现超低损耗和低非线性的光传输，此外，还可以提供更高的传播速度(即更小的延迟)和激光损伤阈值。
其中，光子带隙型空芯光子晶体光纤受“光子带隙”概念启发，在包层中引入周期性排列的空气孔结构形成了光子带隙，结构中心的缺陷为空气孔时，波长在带隙内的光可以完全束缚在空气芯中。实际上，由于石英和空气界面处粗糙度的影响，纤芯中的基模和包层中的表面模之间产生了强烈的耦合，这不仅导致目前这类光纤实验上获得的最低损耗仅为1.2dB/km，还影响了光纤的传输性能，尤其限制了高功率激光的传输。另一方面，光子带隙型空芯光子晶体光纤的带隙生成原理决定了它存在一个本征的缺陷：传输带宽较窄(很难超过70THz)。这意味着光子带隙型空芯光子晶体光纤的应用被局限在了很窄的一个光谱带宽范围内，从而限制了在一些要求宽光谱带宽传输的应用需求。
发明内容
本发明提供一种克服上述问题或者至少部分地解决上述问题的一种多谐振层的空芯反谐振光纤，解决了现有技术中光纤传输效率低、传输带宽较窄、弯曲损耗大、传输损耗高、损伤阈值低的问题。
根据本发明的一个方面，提供一种空芯反谐振光纤，包括低折射率的纤芯区域和高折射率的包层区域，所述高折射率的包层区域包括内包层区和外包层区域，所述外包层区域包覆内包层区域和纤芯区域，所述内包层区域包括第一反谐振层和第二反谐振层，且所述第一反谐振层和第二反谐振层包围纤芯区域；所述第一反谐振层包括若干层微毛细管，所述第二反谐振层支撑所述第一反谐振层。
作为优选的，所述高折射率的包层区域为二氧化硅、软玻璃或塑料。
作为优选的，所述每层微毛细管中的微毛细管形成环形分布结构，且最内侧的一圈微毛细管中各微毛细管相互间不接触。
作为优选的，所述第二反谐振层为环形毛细管或长方体管，所述第二反谐振层设于相邻两层第一反谐振层间，且与两层第一反谐振层中的每个微毛细管相切。
作为优选的，所述第二反谐振层上还设有用于支撑相邻两层第一反谐振层的支撑组件，所述支撑组件设于第二反谐振层与微毛细管相切点以外的位置处，最外层第二反谐振层与外包层区域之间设有若干具有支撑作用的微毛细管。
作为优选的，所述第一反谐振层为一层或两层，所述微毛细管内还设有若干层一字型薄壁，所述若干层一字型薄壁平行设置于所述微毛细管内。
作为优选的，所述最内层微毛细管横截面为圆形或椭圆形。
作为优选的，所述一字型薄壁为厚度在100nm至5000nm左右的直线结构的石英壁，所述石英壁镶在最内层毛细管内。
作为优选的，所述第一反谐振层中最内层微毛细管为负曲率形状。
作为优选的，所述第一反谐振层中相邻两个微毛细管圆心间距离不小于10μm。
本申请提出一种多谐振层的空芯反谐振光纤，通过在光纤的内包层区 域内设置第一反谐振层和第二反谐振层，采用双包层结构，通过两层及以上的反谐振层，理论仿真上损耗能降低至0.1dB/km，具有超低传输损耗、光谱带宽宽、弯曲损耗小、传输损耗低、损伤阈值高和保持单模传输的特点；同时为非线性频率转换、痕量气体/液体检测、高功率脉冲压缩等前沿应用创造了一个高效率高灵敏度的理想平台。
附图说明
图1为根据本发明实施例1的空芯反谐振光纤截面示意图；
图2为根据本发明实施例2的空芯反谐振光纤截面示意图；
图3为根据本发明实施例4的空芯反谐振光纤截面示意图；
图4为根据本发明实施例5的空芯反谐振光纤截面示意图；
图5为根据本发明实施例6的空芯反谐振光纤截面示意图；
图6为根据本发明实施例8的空芯反谐振光纤截面示意图；
图7为根据本发明实施例9的空芯反谐振光纤截面示意图。
具体实施方式
下面结合附图和实施例，对本发明的具体实施方式作进一步详细描述。以下实施例用于说明本发明，但不用来限制本发明的范围。
一种空芯反谐振光纤，包括低折射率的纤芯区域和高折射率的包层区域，所述高折射率的包层区域包括内包层区和外包层区域，所述外包层区域包覆内包层区域和纤芯区域，所述内包层区域包括第一反谐振层和第二反谐振层，且所述第一反谐振层和第二反谐振层包围纤芯区域；所述第一反谐振层包括若干层微毛细管，所述第二反谐振层支撑所述第一反谐振层。
所述高折射率的包层区域为二氧化硅、软玻璃或塑料。
所述每层微毛细管中的微毛细管形成环形分布结构，且最内侧的一圈微毛细管中各微毛细管相互间不接触。
实施例1
如图1所示，图中示出了一种多反谐振层的空芯反谐振光纤，包括低折射率的纤芯区域和高折射率的包层区域，所述高折射率的包层区域包括内包层区域4和外包层区域5，所述外包层区域5包覆内包层区域4和纤 芯区域1，外包层区域5即光纤外层套管，在本实施例中，所述内包层区域4包括一层第一反谐振层2，所述第一反谐振层2包括若干微毛细管组成，所述微毛细管等间隔成环形分布于纤芯区域1四周，且所述各微毛细管相互之间无接触，形成无节点不接触的环形结构。
在本实施例中，所述低折射率的纤芯区域为一种或多种空气填充，或为真空。
在本实施例中，所述高折射率的包层区域为二氧化硅、软玻璃或塑料，且微毛细管具有负曲率形状，其厚度与需传输的激光工作波长在同一数量级。
在本实施例中，所述微毛细管的圆心与相邻微毛细管的圆心之间的距离至少为10μm。
在本实施例中，所述第一反谐振层2中，每个微毛细管内还设有一层一字型薄壁3，所述一字型薄壁3平行分布于所述微毛细管内，且所述一字型薄壁3横截面中点与所述外包层区域5圆心的连接的直线经过所述微毛细管的圆心或中心。
在本实施例中，所述一字型薄壁3为若干厚度在100nm到5000nm的直线结构石英壁，该石英壁镶嵌在微毛细管内。
实施例2
如图2所示，图中示出了一种如图1所示，图中示出了一种多反谐振层的空芯反谐振光纤，包括低折射率的纤芯区域1和高折射率的包层区域，所述高折射率的包层区域包括内包层区域4和外包层区域4，所述外包层区域5包覆内包层区域4和纤芯区域1，外包层区域5即光纤外层套管，在本实施例中，所述内包层区域4包括一层第一反谐振层2，所述第一反谐振层2包括若干微毛细管组成，所述微毛细管等间隔成环形分布于纤芯区域1四周，且所述各微毛细管相互之间无接触，形成无节点不接触的环形结构。
在本实施例中，所述低折射率的纤芯区域为一种或多种空气填充，或为真空。
在本实施例中，所述高折射率的包层区域为二氧化硅、软玻璃或塑料，且微毛细管具有负曲率形状，其厚度与需传输的激光工作波长在同一数量 级。
在本实施例中，所述微毛细管的圆心与相邻微毛细管的圆心之间的距离至少为10μm。
在本实施例中，所述第一反谐振层2中，每个微毛细管内还设有两层一字型薄壁3，所述为一字型薄壁3包括两层，其他结构与实施例1相同，所述两层一字型薄壁3平行分布于所述微毛细管内，且所述一字型薄壁3横截面中点与所述外包层圆心的连接的直线经过所述微毛细管的圆心或中心。
在本实施例中，所述一字型薄壁3为若干厚度在100nm到5000nm的直线结构石英壁，该石英壁镶嵌在微毛细管内。
实施例3
在本实施例中，所述一字型薄壁包括若干层，分布于所述微毛细管内，其他特征与实施例1、实施例2相同，因此不做赘述。
实施例4
如图3所示，在本实施例中，所述微毛细管为椭圆形，其他特征与实施例1至3相同，因此不再赘述。
实施例5
如图4所示，图中示出了一种多反谐振层的空芯反谐振光纤，包括低折射率的纤芯区域1和高折射率的包层区域，所述高折射率的包层区域包括内包层区域4和外包层区域5，所述外包层区域5包覆内包层区域4和纤芯区域1，外包层区域5即光纤外层套管，在本实施例中，所述内包层区域4包括一层第一反谐振层2，所述第一反谐振层2包括若干微毛细管组成，所述微毛细管等间隔成环形分布于纤芯区域四周，且所述各微毛细管相互之间无接触，形成无节点不接触的环形结构。
在本实施例中，所述低折射率的纤芯区域为一种或多种空气填充，或为真空。
在本实施例中，所述微毛细管间无接触，形成无节点不接触的环形结构，且所述微毛细管具有负曲率形状，所述微毛细管的厚度与需传输激光在同一数量级。
在本实施例中，所述微毛细管的圆心与相邻微毛细管的圆心之间的距 离至少为10μm。
在本实施例中，还包括第二反谐振层3，所述第二反谐振层3为环形毛细管，如图4所示，所述第二反谐振层3的内侧与第一反谐振层2中的每个微毛细管相切，外侧与外包层区域5之间设有若干具有支撑作用的微毛细管。
在本实施例中，所述第二反谐振层3上还设有用于支撑相邻两层第一反谐振层2的支撑组件，所述支撑组件设于第二反谐振层2与微毛细管相切点以外的位置处。
在本实施例中，所述微毛细管横截面为圆形。
在本实施例中，所述第一反谐振层2中最内层微毛细管为负曲率形状。
在本实施例中，所述第一反谐振层2中相邻两个微毛细管圆心间距离不小于10μm，所述第二反谐振层2是厚度和微毛细管近似、材料相同的环形结构。厚度在200nm到5000nm左右。
实施例6
如图5所示，图中示出了一种多反谐振层的空芯反谐振光纤，包括低折射率的纤芯区域1和高折射率的包层区域，所述高折射率的包层区域包括内包层区域4和外包层区域5，所述外包层区域5包覆内包层区域4和纤芯区域1，外包层区域5即光纤外层套管，在本实施例中，所述内包层区域包括两层第一反谐振层2，所述第一反谐振层2包括若干微毛细管组成，所述微毛细管等间隔成环形分布于纤芯区域四周，且所述各微毛细管相互之间无接触，形成无节点不接触的环形结构。
在本实施例中，所述低折射率的纤芯区域为一种或多种空气填充，或为真空。
在本实施例中，所述微毛细管间无接触，形成无节点不接触的环形结构，且所述微毛细管具有负曲率形状，所述微毛细管的厚度与需传输激光在同一数量级。
在本实施例中，所述微毛细管的圆心与相邻微毛细管的圆心之间的距离至少为10μm。
在本实施例中，还包括第二反谐振层，所述第二反谐振层为环形毛细管，如图5所示，所述第二层反谐振层3包括两层，一层设于所述两层第 一反谐振层2之间，且与所述每层第一反谐振层2中的微毛细管相切，另一第二反谐振层3的内侧与最外层第一反谐振层1中的每个微毛细管相切，外侧与外包层区域5之间设有若干具有支撑作用的微毛细管。所述第二反谐振层3是厚度和微毛细管近似、材料相同的环形结构。厚度在200nm到5000nm左右。
在本实施例中，所述第二反谐振层3上还设有用于支撑相邻两层第一反谐振层2的支撑组件，所述支撑组件设于第二反谐振层3与微毛细管相切点以外的位置处。
在本实施例中，所述微毛细管横截面为圆形。
在本实施例中，所述第一反谐振层2中最内层微毛细管为负曲率形状。
在本实施例中，所述第一反谐振层2中相邻两个微毛细管圆心间距离不小于10μm。
实施例7
在本实施例中，在本实施例中，包括低折射率的纤芯区域和高折射率的包层区域，所述高折射率的包层区域包括内包层区和外包层区域，所述外包层区域包覆内包层区域和纤芯区域，所述内包层区域包括第一反谐振层和第二反谐振层，且所述第一反谐振层和第二反谐振层包围纤芯区域；所述第一反谐振层包括若干层微毛细管，所述第二反谐振层支撑所述第一反谐振层。
所述第二反谐振层为环形毛细管或长方体管，所述第二反谐振层设于相邻两层第一反谐振层间，且与两层第一反谐振层中的每个微毛细管相切。
在本实施例中，所述第二反谐振层上还设有用于支撑相邻两层第一反谐振层的支撑组件，所述支撑组件设于第二反谐振层与微毛细管相切点以外的位置处，最外层第二反谐振层与外包层区域之间设有若干具有支撑作用的微毛细管。
实施例8
如图6所示，本实施例中，结合实施例1-7中的特征，提出一种具有三层反谐振层的光纤结构，在实施例6的基础上，在每层微毛细管中，加入一字型薄壁这一结构特征，图中只是示出了一层，但并不限于此，可 以为多层，图中第一反谐振层、第二反谐振层也可以是一层或多层。本实施例的其他特征与实施例1-7相同，因此不再赘述。
实施例9
如图7所示，在上述1至8中任一实施例的基础上，在具体制造过程中，内包层区域4在拉伸过程中，还会存在如图7中所示的变形，使内包层区域分成由两个或多个不完整的圆形区域相接而成。
综上所述，本申请提出一种多谐振层的空芯反谐振光纤，通过在光纤的内包层区域内设置第一反谐振层和第二反谐振层，采用双包层结构，通过两层及以上的反谐振层，理论仿真上损耗能降低至0.1dB/km，具有超低传输损耗、光谱带宽宽、弯曲损耗小、传输损耗低、损伤阈值高和保持单模传输的特点；同时为非线性频率转换、痕量气体/液体检测、高功率脉冲压缩等前沿应用创造了一个高效率高灵敏度的理想平台。
最后，本申请的方法仅为较佳的实施方案，并非用于限定本发明的保护范围。凡在本发明的精神和原则之内，所作的任何修改、等同替换、改进等，均应包含在本发明的保护范围之内。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种空芯反谐振光纤，其特征在于，包括低折射率的纤芯区域和高折射率的包层区域，所述高折射率的包层区域包括内包层区和外包层区域，所述外包层区域包覆内包层区域和纤芯区域，所述内包层区域包括第一反谐振层和第二反谐振层，且所述第一反谐振层和第二反谐振层包围纤芯区域；所述第一反谐振层包括若干层微毛细管，所述第二反谐振层支撑所述第一反谐振层。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的空芯反谐振光纤，其特征在于，所述高折射率的包层区域为二氧化硅、软玻璃或塑料。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的空芯反谐振光纤，其特征在于，所述每层微毛细管中的微毛细管形成环形分布结构，且最内侧的一圈微毛细管中各微毛细管相互间不接触。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的空芯反谐振光纤，其特征在于，所述第二反谐振层为环形毛细管或长方体管，所述第二反谐振层设于相邻两层第一反谐振层间，且与两层第一反谐振层中的每个微毛细管相切。
  5. 根据权利要求4所述的空芯反谐振光纤，其特征在于，所述第二反谐振层上还设有用于支撑相邻两层第一反谐振层的支撑组件，所述支撑组件设于第二反谐振层与微毛细管相切点以外的位置处，最外层第二反谐振层与外包层区域之间设有若干具有支撑作用的微毛细管。
  6. 根据权利要求1或4所述的空芯反谐振光纤，其特征在于，所述第一反谐振层为一层或两层，所述微毛细管内还设有若干层一字型薄壁，所述若干层一字型薄壁平行设置于所述微毛细管内。
  7. 根据权利要求6所述的空芯反谐振光纤，其特征在于，所述最内层微毛细管横截面为圆形或椭圆形。
  8. 根据权利要求6所述的空芯反谐振光纤，其特征在于，所述一字型薄壁为厚度在100nm至5000nm左右的直线结构的石英壁，所述石英壁镶在最内层毛细管内。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的空芯反谐振光纤，其特征在于，所述第一反谐振层中最内层微毛细管为负曲率形状。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的空芯反谐振光纤，其特征在于，所述第一 反谐振层中相邻两个微毛细管圆心间距离不小于10μm。
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