WO2019077588A1 - Procede de stratification d'une planche de surf avec une pate thermodurcissable - Google Patents
Procede de stratification d'une planche de surf avec une pate thermodurcissable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019077588A1 WO2019077588A1 PCT/IB2018/058179 IB2018058179W WO2019077588A1 WO 2019077588 A1 WO2019077588 A1 WO 2019077588A1 IB 2018058179 W IB2018058179 W IB 2018058179W WO 2019077588 A1 WO2019077588 A1 WO 2019077588A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- μιη
- reinforcing
- microspheres
- fibers
- laminating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B32/00—Water sports boards; Accessories therefor
- B63B32/57—Boards characterised by the material, e.g. laminated materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/58—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising fillers only, e.g. particles, powder, beads, flakes, spheres
- B29C70/66—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising fillers only, e.g. particles, powder, beads, flakes, spheres the filler comprising hollow constituents, e.g. syntactic foam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/003—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts characterised by the matrix material, e.g. material composition or physical properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/08—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers
- B29C70/086—Fibrous reinforcements only comprising combinations of different forms of fibrous reinforcements incorporated in matrix material, forming one or more layers, and with or without non-reinforced layers and with one or more layers of pure plastics material, e.g. foam layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/06—Fibrous reinforcements only
- B29C70/10—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres
- B29C70/16—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length
- B29C70/20—Fibrous reinforcements only characterised by the structure of fibrous reinforcements, e.g. hollow fibres using fibres of substantial or continuous length oriented in a single direction, e.g. roofing or other parallel fibres
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29C—SHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
- B29C70/00—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts
- B29C70/04—Shaping composites, i.e. plastics material comprising reinforcements, fillers or preformed parts, e.g. inserts comprising reinforcements only, e.g. self-reinforcing plastics
- B29C70/28—Shaping operations therefor
- B29C70/30—Shaping by lay-up, i.e. applying fibres, tape or broadsheet on a mould, former or core; Shaping by spray-up, i.e. spraying of fibres on a mould, former or core
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B32/00—Water sports boards; Accessories therefor
- B63B32/40—Twintip boards; Wakeboards; Surfboards; Windsurfing boards; Paddle boards, e.g. SUP boards; Accessories specially adapted therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2105/00—Condition, form or state of moulded material or of the material to be shaped
- B29K2105/0076—Microcapsules
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29L—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS B29C, RELATING TO PARTICULAR ARTICLES
- B29L2031/00—Other particular articles
- B29L2031/52—Sports equipment ; Games; Articles for amusement; Toys
- B29L2031/5272—Surf boards
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
- B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING
- B63B32/00—Water sports boards; Accessories therefor
- B63B32/50—Boards characterised by their constructional features
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of water sports and more particularly to the method of laminating a surfboard, stand-up paddle or kite surfing.
- surfboard will refer indifferently to a surfboard, stand-up paddle or kite surfing.
- a surfboard comprises a foam roll wrapped with an envelope.
- the envelope is generally made of composite material.
- the composite material of the envelope comprises one or more layers of reinforcing fibers, especially of glass fibers, the whole being impregnated with a thermosetting resin serving as a matrix.
- the step of covering the foam loaf with the envelope is called stratification.
- the reinforcing fiber layers are impregnated with the thermosetting resin either by gravity by pouring the resin directly onto the reinforcing fibers and by spreading it with a spatula or a squeegee, or by a vacuum infusion process in which the surfboard is placed in an airtight plastic sheeting.
- This plastic sheet is connected to a resin reservoir at one end and a suction pump at the other end.
- the material of the foam roll is generally a polyurethane foam or polystyrene.
- the foam cake may be coated with a resin or resin-thickening agent mixture to improve the adhesion of the casing to the foam cake.
- a surfboard comprises a bridge for supporting the user and a hull located below the waterline.
- the junction zone between the bridge and the hull is called rail.
- the center of the foam bread may have a wooden slat, also called stringer, extending over the entire length of the surfboard and placed transversely between the deck and the hull.
- stringer also called stringer
- the reinforcing fibers are assembled in the form of fabric, mat or unidirectional sheet.
- a reinforcing fiber fabric is a weaving of warp and weft threads that intersect perpendicularly between them.
- a mat of reinforcing fibers is composed of non-woven bonded fibers.
- a unidirectional sheet is composed of reinforcing fibers assembled parallel to each other.
- a reinforcing layer contains only one layer of fabric, mat or sheet of reinforcing fibers.
- the envelope consists of one or more main layers of a reinforcing fiber fabric covering the entire surfboard and one or more secondary layers of reinforcing fibers covering the areas of the board. surfing subject to high stresses. All reinforcement layers are impregnated with thermosetting resin.
- This or these secondary reinforcing layers cover a surface generally less than 60% of the apparent surface of the surfboard.
- a main reinforcing layer of a surfboard is composed of a fiberglass fabric which weighs between 120 g / m 2 and 200 g / m 2 for a thickness of between 160 ⁇ and 300 ⁇ .
- a secondary reinforcing layer is composed of a unidirectional layer of carbon fibers.
- the skilled person will seek to obtain the finest possible stratification (the hull, which is less stressed than the bridge can reach a thickness less than or equal to 170 ⁇ ) so as to obtain flexibility and lightness, for this he will use the minimum possible resin and therefore seek to leave the minimum space possible between the different layers of reinforcement.
- carbon fiber fabric In practice, carbon is rarely used as a main reinforcement layer in the construction of high-performance surfboards, because of its high rigidity, the use of carbon fiber fabric requires the use of a vacuum tarpaulin, a mold or requires to be covered with a main layer of additional fiberglass reinforcement so that the main reinforcement layer of carbon fiber fabric adheres well to areas of small radius of curvature such as the rails of the surfboard .
- the finishing step consists of applying one or more layers of thermosetting resin on the entire envelope of the surfboard to give a smooth, clean and uneven to the surfboard .
- a surfboard usually includes one or more fins that stabilize its movement.
- the fins can be fixed or removable and are positioned at the rear of the hull of the surfboard.
- These fins may be made of a thermoplastic material or obtained by the lamination of several layers of a fibrous reinforcing material, of the fiberglass fabric or carbon fiber fabric type, impregnated with a thermosetting resin matrix.
- thermosetting resin which impregnates the reinforcing fibrous material (s) of the surfboard and fins and which enters into the composition of the finishing layer or layers is a thermosetting resin of the polyester, epoxy or vinylester type.
- Lightness is a key element in making a high-performance surfboard or fin because it provides maneuverability and buoyancy.
- the microspheres are not added to the laminating resin because their use poses various technical problems.
- microspheres In order to obtain a significant weight reduction and to take full advantage of the improvement in the mechanical characteristics provided by the microspheres, it is preferable to add a large quantity of microspheres in the laminating resin which has the effect of transforming the resin. of liquid stratification into a paste.
- the different reinforcement layers should be spaced apart by a light and rigid material so as to form a composite structure of sandwich type.
- the present invention aims to solve all or part of the disadvantages mentioned above.
- the subject of the present invention is a method of laminating a surfboard or fin which makes it possible to produce high-performance and light surfboards and which uses at least one unidirectional sheet of reinforcing fibers as a main reinforcing layer. and a pasty laminating matrix composed of a high proportion of microspheres and thermosetting resin.
- This method does not require expensive equipment, vacuum tarpaulin or mold, so this method is economical.
- the foam roll of the surfboard is a standard foam bread.
- the laminating paste is obtained by mixing the thermosetting matrix with microspheres, added in a proportion of between 1% and 15% by weight of the laminating matrix.
- the proportion of microspheres added depends on the type of resin and microsphere used but the result of the mixture must have a pasty consistency with a viscosity greater than or equal to that of the toothpaste.
- expanded thermoplastic microspheres with a diameter less than 95 ⁇ are mixed in a proportion at least equal to 2.5% of the weight of the laminating resin, so as to form a paste.
- the viscosity of the laminating paste must be greater than or equal to 70 Pa-s and preferably greater than or equal to 150 Pa-s.
- thermosetting lamination resin mixed with microspheres is an epoxy resin, polyester or vinylester.
- foam bread may be covered by about 100 ⁇ of the pasty mixture of resin and microspheres.
- At least one main reinforcing layer composed of a layer of unidirectional fibers of carbon, or glass fibers or aramid fibers, of a thickness less than or equal to ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ and ideally less than or equal to 50 ⁇ , is cut to the size of the hull and rails of the surfboard.
- the unidirectional reinforcing ply is protected on one of its faces by a plastic film.
- the cut sheet portion is then deposited on a table and manually coated by applying a large pressure on the spatula or squeegee which is moved in the direction of the reinforcing fibers to penetrate the microsphere resin mixture into the interior of the diaper. reinforcement.
- the unidirectional sheet must be covered with a thickness of the microsphere resin mixture of between 40 ⁇ and 300 ⁇ , and preferably between 100 ⁇ and 200 ⁇ .
- the coating will mask more than 50% the black color of the carbon.
- This method is only possible with a unidirectional sheet because, to penetrate the microsphere resin mixture, it is essential to apply a high pressure on the spatula while moving in the direction of the fibers of the web. It is not possible to impregnate in this way a reinforcing fabric because it will deform or deteriorate under the pressure and movement of the spatula. In addition, because of its structure a reinforcing fabric will always present fibers positioned in the opposite direction to the displacement of the squeegee which will prevent the good impregnation of the fabric.
- the assembly, protective film impregnated on one of its faces, is then placed on the foam roll so that the coated side is in contact with the foam roll and that the fibers of the unidirectional layer form an angle between 0 ° and 15 ° with the stringer or the longitudinal axis of the surfboard.
- the second face of the unidirectional sheet is covered with a thickness of the microsphere resin mixture of between 40 ⁇ and 300 ⁇ , and preferably between 100 ⁇ and 200 ⁇ .
- the application must be done by exerting significant pressure on the spatula or squeegee by moving in the direction of the reinforcing fibers in order to penetrate the microsphere resin mixture in the heart of the reinforcing layer.
- the second face of the unidirectional web can be covered with a stratification resin without microspheres. This way of proceeding simplifies the implementation but decreases in return the gains made by the invention.
- the process before polymerization of the first main reinforcing layer, is repeated at least three times for the hull by positioning the main reinforcement layers so that the angle formed between two successive layers is between 75 ° and 90 °. After polymerization and sanding of the hull and the rails, the process is repeated identically for the bridge and the rails.
- the thick layers of the microsphere resin mixture deposited on each of the faces of the at least one reinforcing layer will provide the following elements:
- the lamination thus obtained may have a thickness of 1, 2 mm for the hull and 1, 6 mm for the bridge. This will represent up to more than 7 times the thickness of a powerful stratification performed by the skilled person.
- the laminating process invented will seek to obtain a thick stratification to gain strength.
- the juxtaposition of at least three successive layers will create a stratification that will have the structure of a sandwich.
- this structure will have a greatly improved strength and stiffness in the direction of the reinforcing fibers of the two outer plies.
- the core will consist of the second layer, generally laid perpendicular to the other two, and the different layers of the microsphere resin mixture deposited during the stratification of the structure.
- the high viscosity of the microsphere resin mixture limits the capillarity phenomenon with the reinforcing fiber ply.
- the need to apply a large force to deform or move the microsphere resin mixture allows, after lamination, to hold rigid reinforcing fibers such as carbon fibers in place on the curved surfaces as the rails of a surfboard and avoids the use of a vacuum cover or a mold normally needed to use this type of reinforcing fibers.
- the resin in an airtight container with removable cover, provided with at least one transparent face and in which will have two holes of sufficient size to pierce one hand. In each hole will be sealed, with a seal, the handle of a plastic glove of great length.
- the size of the box will be sufficient to easily introduce and manipulate the container for mixing the laminating resin and the microspheres and the mixing tool spatula type or stick.
- this method of juxtaposing webs impregnated with the microsphere resin mixture can also be used for laminating a fin of a surfboard.
- Figure 1 shows the stratification process of the surfboard.
- the foam roll 1 is covered with the various reinforcement layers coated with a microsphere resin mixture successively on each of their faces.
- the hull is laminated with the main reinforcement layers 2, 3 and 4 (in this order) while the bridge which is subjected to more stresses is laminated with the main reinforcement layers 2, 3, 4 and the secondary reinforcement layer 5 (in that order).
- the hatchings drawn on the various reinforcement layers 2, 3, 4 and 5 represent the orientation of the fibers of the unidirectional web.
- the foam roll 1 is expanded polystyrene density 20 kg / m 3 with a plywood stringer 3 mm thick.
- Each main reinforcing layer is composed of a unidirectional sheet of carbon fiber 50 ⁇ thick and a weight of 50 g / m 2 protected by a transparent plastic film.
- the thermosetting resin used for the lamination is the epoxy resin 1070 and the hardener 1 077 manufactured by the company Resoltech.
- microspheres are expanded thermoplastic microspheres of the Expancel 461 DET80 type having a density of 25 kg / m 3 and added in a proportion of 3% of the weight of the laminating resin.
- the viscosity of the microsphere resin mixture must be at least that of the toothpaste.
- the mixture of the resin and the microspheres is made in a transparent hermetic plastic case equipped with a removable lid and two plastic gloves hermetically fixed in two holes pierced in the box and whose handles are more than 35 cm long and which allow to manipulate inside the box.
- the hull and the rails of the foam roll 1 are coated with the microsphere resin mixture with a thickness of about 100 ⁇ .
- the unidirectional sheet is cut so as to cover the entire hull and the rails and so that the reinforcing fibers are positioned in the direction indicated by the hatching of the reinforcing layer 2.
- the unprotected surface of the unidirectional layer is coated in the direction of the reinforcing fibers of the microsphere resin mixture with a thickness of about 1 50 ⁇ .
- the thickness of 1 50 ⁇ corresponds to a layer of the microsphere resin mixture which hides approximately 50% of the black color of the carbon fiber.
- the assembly is placed on the foam roll so that the coated side is in contact with the foam roll 1 and that the fibers of the unidirectional web form an angle of between 0 ° and 1 °. 5 ° with the stringer of the surfboard.
- the plastic film is removed and the reinforcing layer is then coated on its other side, the microsphere resin mixture with a thickness of about 1 50 ⁇ in the same manner as for the first face.
- the operation is repeated for the reinforcing layers 3 and 4 by placing the fibers of the various reinforcing layers perpendicularly relative to one another.
- the reinforcing layer 3 is cut to the same dimension as the reinforcing layer 2. By against the reinforcing layer 4 is cut so as to stop 20 cm from the rear and 35 cm from the front of the hull without covering the rails.
- the reinforcement layers 2 and 3 cover the entire bridge and rails.
- the reinforcing layer 4 covers the bridge without covering the rails and stops 30 cm from the front of the bridge.
- the reinforcing layer 5 covers the deck without covering the rails and covers only the first 10 centimeters of the deck from the back of the deck of the surfboard.
- the entire surfboard is covered with a finishing layer which will in turn be sanded after polymerization.
- the fins of the surfboard are made in the same way by successively coating each of the faces of each reinforcing layer and stacking each layer on each other, without waiting for the polymerization, so that the reinforcing fibers of each unidirectional sheet are perpendicular to the fibers of the preceding sheet.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Composite Materials (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Textile Engineering (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
- Moulding By Coating Moulds (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR1771106A FR3072605A1 (fr) | 2017-10-20 | 2017-10-20 | Procede de stratification d'une planche de surf avec une pate thermodurcissable |
| FR17/71106 | 2017-10-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2019077588A1 true WO2019077588A1 (fr) | 2019-04-25 |
Family
ID=61132812
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/IB2018/058179 Ceased WO2019077588A1 (fr) | 2017-10-20 | 2018-10-21 | Procede de stratification d'une planche de surf avec une pate thermodurcissable |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| FR (1) | FR3072605A1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2019077588A1 (fr) |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013149284A1 (fr) * | 2012-04-02 | 2013-10-10 | Trondl William Anton | Procédé de fabrication d'un objet en 3d à partir d'un matériau composite |
| FR3042471A1 (fr) * | 2015-10-20 | 2017-04-21 | Blue | Planche de surf |
-
2017
- 2017-10-20 FR FR1771106A patent/FR3072605A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
-
2018
- 2018-10-21 WO PCT/IB2018/058179 patent/WO2019077588A1/fr not_active Ceased
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2013149284A1 (fr) * | 2012-04-02 | 2013-10-10 | Trondl William Anton | Procédé de fabrication d'un objet en 3d à partir d'un matériau composite |
| FR3042471A1 (fr) * | 2015-10-20 | 2017-04-21 | Blue | Planche de surf |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| "manuel Saechtling Kunststoff Taschenbuch", 1983 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR3072605A1 (fr) | 2019-04-26 |
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