WO2019097326A1 - Gazéification de matière carbonée mélange de biomasse et de charbon minéral au moyen d'un four à flux forcé de type cyclone - Google Patents

Gazéification de matière carbonée mélange de biomasse et de charbon minéral au moyen d'un four à flux forcé de type cyclone Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019097326A1
WO2019097326A1 PCT/IB2018/058068 IB2018058068W WO2019097326A1 WO 2019097326 A1 WO2019097326 A1 WO 2019097326A1 IB 2018058068 W IB2018058068 W IB 2018058068W WO 2019097326 A1 WO2019097326 A1 WO 2019097326A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gasification
gasification chamber
carbonaceous material
chamber
biomass
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/IB2018/058068
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English (en)
Spanish (es)
Inventor
Ivan Ernesto BARRAGAN GUTIERREZ
Yaneth Pineda Triana
Enrique Vera Lopez
Alfonso LOPEZ DIAZ
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UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGOGICA Y TECNOLOGICA DE COLOMBIA UPTC
Original Assignee
UNIVERSIDAD PEDAGOGICA Y TECNOLOGICA DE COLOMBIA UPTC
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Publication of WO2019097326A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019097326A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/02—Fixed-bed gasification of lump fuel
    • C10J3/20—Apparatus; Plants
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/46—Gasification of granular or pulverulent flues in suspension
    • C10J3/54—Gasification of granular or pulverulent fuels by the Winkler technique, i.e. by fluidisation
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10J—PRODUCTION OF PRODUCER GAS, WATER-GAS, SYNTHESIS GAS FROM SOLID CARBONACEOUS MATERIAL, OR MIXTURES CONTAINING THESE GASES; CARBURETTING AIR OR OTHER GASES
    • C10J3/00—Production of combustible gases containing carbon monoxide from solid carbonaceous fuels
    • C10J3/72—Other features

Definitions

  • the present invention provides a system and a gasification process of carbonaceous material mixture of biomass and mineral coal in a cyclonic forced-flow combustion chamber.
  • the present invention pertains to the technical field of the production of gases containing carbon monoxide and hydrogen, as synthesis gas or city gas, from solid carbonaceous materials by partial oxidation processes using oxygen or steam.
  • Gasification is a thermochemical process that transforms solid fuels into gaseous fuels producing synthesis gas, using temperatures above 900 ° C in atmospheres with low oxygen percentage, below that required for complete combustion.
  • the gasification process is favored with the increase of pressure and using fuels of small particle sizes.
  • the patent application in national phase file No. 08051684 relates to a process and system for gasifying biomass or other carbonaceous starting materials in an indirectly heated gasifier and supplies a method for the removal of condensable organic materials (tars) from a gas product. More specifically, this tar removal stage uses the circulating heat carrier to crack the organics and produce additional product gas. As a benefit of the previous process, and because the heat carrier circulates through alternating zones of steam and oxidation in the process, deactivation of cracking reactions is eliminated.
  • liquid al ⁇ ans can be produced directly from biomass-derived compounds, including polysaccharides, monosaccharides, polyols through an integrated process that involves catalytic conversion into gas mixtures (synthesis gas).
  • synthesis gas gas mixtures
  • the conversion of the reactive feed tank to the synthesis gas is carried out using a catalyst comprising Pt-Re on a carbon support.
  • the patent application in national phase file No. 13030376 deals with a system for the gasification of biomass materials, comprising a gasification unit for the conversion of biomass materials into a gas, wherein the gasification unit is configured for allow the biomass materials and other materials that are contained within the gasification unit to move in a specific flow pattern at a specific rate; and a feeding mechanism for introducing biomass materials into the gasification unit wherein the feeding mechanism is configured to accelerate the biomass materials at the specified rate in the gasification unit.
  • Another aspect is directed to a system for the gasification of biomass products; the system includes a gasification unit for the conversion of the biomass materials into a gas and a feeding mechanism for the introduction of the biomass materials into the gasification unit.
  • the gasification unit includes a plurality of injection ports that are distributed vertically along one or multiple circumferential locations, ie, diametrically opposed for bilateral injection, for example, and each of the plurality of injection ports has a corresponding injection angle.
  • the injection ports tangentially inject a gasification and / or biomass medium towards the gasification unit at prescribed angles, and the injection angles can be oriented in horizontal, ascending and / or descending directions.
  • Patent application CN106010655 describes a biomass gasifier.
  • the biomass gasifier comprises a gasifier body, a feed tube disposed on the body of the gasifier, a top seal discharge module and a bottom seal discharge module distributed in the feed tube; each sealing discharge module comprises a hinge sealing plate, a pivoting hinge shaft and an oscillating rod connected to the pivoting hinge shaft.
  • a piston cylinder is connected to the end of each oscillating rod.
  • the upper side of the gasifier is connected to a combustion burner.
  • the combustion burner is connected to an oxygenation pipe and an oxygenation fan by the structure of the gasifier, according to the characteristics of the biomass fuel.
  • the present invention solves the technical problems raised above by providing a system and a gasification process that combines the system conventional fixed-bed and co-current flow with the counter-current fluidized bed system.
  • a gasification system of a carbonaceous material mixture of biomass and mineral coal comprising: a feed hopper (2), a feed device (3) of solid fuel (biomass - coal), a gasification chamber (7, 8) connected to the feed hopper (2) by means of a feeding device (3) of the solid fuel; a primary air fan (6) located in the lower part of the feed hopper (2); a solid fuel feed duct (5); a retort (4) located inside a lower gasification chamber of fixed bed (7); a refractory (12) of the ashtray, which covers the retort (4); a lower fixed bed gasification chamber (7); an upper fluidized bed gasification chamber (8), located on the lower fixed bed gasification chamber (7), forming a single gasification chamber; radial injection nozzles (9) arranged in the lid (10) of the upper gasification chamber (8); a finned refractory cyclone (16), located inside the upper fluidized bed gasification chamber (8)
  • a gasification process of carbonaceous material (mixture of biomass and mineral coal) is provided, which comprises the following steps:
  • Figure 1 presents the isometric view of the gasification system.
  • Figure 2 presents the front view of the gasification system.
  • Figure 3 presents the top view of the gasification system.
  • Figure 4 shows a vertical section of the combustion chamber.
  • Figure 5 shows in detail the finned refractory ring of the refractory gasification cyclone (16).
  • Figure 6 shows the temperature profile (° C) of two runs using the gasification system.
  • the present invention provides a novel system and a gasification process that combines the conventional fixed-bed system and co-current flow with the fluidized bed system in counter-current generated by a vortex from a high-temperature refractory cyclone where the Synthetic gas is produced by separating simultaneously from the ash.
  • the gasification system is composed, in general, of two feeding systems, a gasification system of upward flow, a descending fluidized gasification system, a cyclonic separation system, a gas recirculation system, and an ash extraction system.
  • a gasification system which is composed of a feed hopper (2), with cover (1), connected to a gasification chamber (7, 8) by means of a feeding device (3).
  • solid fuel biomass - mineral coal
  • a primary air fan (6) of variable speed that together with a solid fuel feed duct (5) allow to graduate the production of synthesis gas to the demand of the process and adjust the various mixtures of co-gasification biomass - mineral coal.
  • the solid fuel is fed by the feeding device (3) to a retort (4) located inside a lower gasification chamber of fixed bed (7); the retort is made of cast iron and has a series of perforations (13) to distribute the primary air that is driven by the primary air fan (6).
  • the gasification operation is initially carried in the lower gasification chamber of fixed bed (7), first gasification effect, where the solid fuel rises through a refractory (12) of the ashtray, which covers the retort (4) forming a plane external inclined, towards the surface of the ashtray and then the synthesis gas produced enters an upper fluidized bed gasification chamber (8); said chambers form a single combustion chamber.
  • Solid fuel with a granulometry of less than 1 mm is injected through radial injection nozzles (9) arranged in the lid (10) of the upper gasification chamber (8), which has a refractory cyclone inside ( 16) conformed by refractory rings where radial fins are housed that orient with an angle of attack the carbonaceous material to form a descending vortex that reaches temperatures higher than 900 ° C, generating the second effect of gasification in countercurrent with the synthesis gas produced in the lower fixed bed chamber (7).
  • the formed ash descends to side gates (14) with handles (15) and is removed together with the ash generated in the lower chamber that advances on the refractory (12) falling by gravity in the inclined plane that forms the refractory (12) of the ashtray.
  • the synthesis gas separated from the ash by the cyclonic effect is removed by an outlet duct (11), located on the axis or vertical central part of the upper fluidized bed gasification chamber (8).
  • a gasification process of carbonaceous material (mixture of biomass and mineral coal) is provided, which comprises the following steps:
  • the pulverized fuel enters the upper chamber (8), which inside has a refractory cyclone (16) formed by refractory rings where the radial fins are located, which angle the carbonaceous material to form a descending vortex of the fuel that reaches temperatures above 900 ° C, obtaining gasification in countercurrent on contact with the synthesis gas produced in the lower fixed bed chamber (7).
  • the vortex generated in the refractory cyclone (16) impels the particles to more than 5 m / s, generating a separation effect between the gas and the ashes generated in the two gasification chambers, upper (8) and lower (7);
  • the synthesis gas separated from the ash by the cyclonic effect is removed by an exit duct (11).
  • the synthesis gas exits through the duct (11) at a temperature higher than 500 ° C.
  • the feeding device (3) can be a worm or any other mechanism that allows the proper transport of particulate material.
  • the steam is generated by coils located in the inner wall of the upper gasification chamber (8) in the form of a jacket, taking advantage of the residual heat that is transferred through the walls of the combustion chamber. Both the pulverized fuel and the saturated or superheated steam require injecting it through the nozzles (9) through a forced flow that is achieved with pressures higher than 150 psi.
  • the gasification capacity of the lower fixed-bed chamber (7) can range from 10 kg / h to 1,000 kg / h for small ovens, and from 1,000 kg / h to 10,000 kg / h for medium-sized ovens.
  • Synthesis gas obtained is obtained by mixing biomass fuel - coal, fuels that can also be substituted by carbonaceous material from agricultural, livestock, industrial, commercial and residential residues, wastewater treatment plants (WWTP), and landfills, among others.
  • Tables 2 and 3 show the stoichiometric balances and energy of the presented runs: Table 2. Stoichiometric and Energy Balances
  • the gasification system integrated to the high temperature refractory cyclone allows, at the same time, to gasify and separate the ashes achieving the pre-cleaning of the synthesis gas in the same chamber, without requiring an independent gas cleaning train, increasing the index of gasification and therefore the energy efficiency of the system, for this reason more gas can be obtained from the same raw material, than in a conventional gasifier.
  • the calorific value of the fuel remains stable.
  • the manipulation of gas is facilitated in uses such as brick kilns, billet furnaces and systems where it can be carried through pipes.
  • the synthesis gas generated can replace natural gas in similar applications at lower cost.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un système de gazéification de matière carbonée mélange de biomasse et de charbon minéral qui comprend: une trémie d'alimentation (2) du mélange, une chambre de gazéification (7, 8) reliée à la trémie d'alimentation (2) au moyen d'un dispositif d'alimentation (3) du mélange, un ventilateur d'air primaire (6), un conduit d'alimentation du mélange (5), une cuve-foyer (4), un matériau réfractaire (12) du cendrier, une chambre de gazéification inférieure à lit fixe (7), une chambre de gazéification supérieure à lit fluidisé (8), des tuyères d'injection (9) radiales disposées sur le couvercle (10) de la chambre supérieure de gazéification (8), un cyclone réfractaire à ailettes (16), des portes latérlaes (14) équipées de poignées (15) et un conduit (11) du gaz de synthèse. L'invention porte également sur un procédé de gazéification de matière carbonée dans le système.
PCT/IB2018/058068 2017-11-17 2018-10-18 Gazéification de matière carbonée mélange de biomasse et de charbon minéral au moyen d'un four à flux forcé de type cyclone Ceased WO2019097326A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CONC2017/0011719A CO2017011719A1 (es) 2017-11-17 2017-11-17 Sistema y proceso de gasificación de material carbonaceo mezcla de biomasa y carbón mineral mediante un horno de flujo forzado tipo ciclonico
CONC2017/0011719 2017-11-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019097326A1 true WO2019097326A1 (fr) 2019-05-23

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PCT/IB2018/058068 Ceased WO2019097326A1 (fr) 2017-11-17 2018-10-18 Gazéification de matière carbonée mélange de biomasse et de charbon minéral au moyen d'un four à flux forcé de type cyclone

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CO (1) CO2017011719A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2019097326A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111259595A (zh) * 2020-02-18 2020-06-09 西南石油大学 煤砂互层穿层压裂射孔位置优化方法

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4200438A (en) * 1977-09-20 1980-04-29 Projektierung Chemische Verfahrenstechnik Gmbh Gasification of solid fuel
DE2926034A1 (de) * 1979-06-28 1981-01-15 Projektierung Chem Verfahrenst Erzeugung von gas aus festen brennstoffen
EP0214417A2 (fr) * 1985-09-02 1987-03-18 Rheinische Braunkohlenwerke AG. Procédé de production de gaz de synthèse à partir de combustibles solides
CA2188736A1 (fr) * 1996-05-03 1997-11-04 Kenneth G. Gardner Systeme de gazeification
WO2007102032A2 (fr) * 2006-03-07 2007-09-13 Lampros Elefsiniotis Unité de gazéification combinée à deux étages à cocourant/contre-courant
CN201459014U (zh) * 2009-07-20 2010-05-12 汪稚昊 一种复合床多用途炭化炉
CN201512510U (zh) * 2009-09-21 2010-06-23 李胜春 节能环保秸秆气化炉

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4200438A (en) * 1977-09-20 1980-04-29 Projektierung Chemische Verfahrenstechnik Gmbh Gasification of solid fuel
DE2926034A1 (de) * 1979-06-28 1981-01-15 Projektierung Chem Verfahrenst Erzeugung von gas aus festen brennstoffen
EP0214417A2 (fr) * 1985-09-02 1987-03-18 Rheinische Braunkohlenwerke AG. Procédé de production de gaz de synthèse à partir de combustibles solides
CA2188736A1 (fr) * 1996-05-03 1997-11-04 Kenneth G. Gardner Systeme de gazeification
WO2007102032A2 (fr) * 2006-03-07 2007-09-13 Lampros Elefsiniotis Unité de gazéification combinée à deux étages à cocourant/contre-courant
CN201459014U (zh) * 2009-07-20 2010-05-12 汪稚昊 一种复合床多用途炭化炉
CN201512510U (zh) * 2009-09-21 2010-06-23 李胜春 节能环保秸秆气化炉

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111259595A (zh) * 2020-02-18 2020-06-09 西南石油大学 煤砂互层穿层压裂射孔位置优化方法
CN111259595B (zh) * 2020-02-18 2021-04-27 西南石油大学 煤砂互层穿层压裂射孔位置优化方法

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