WO2019103608A1 - Éjecteur - Google Patents

Éjecteur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2019103608A1
WO2019103608A1 PCT/NL2018/050784 NL2018050784W WO2019103608A1 WO 2019103608 A1 WO2019103608 A1 WO 2019103608A1 NL 2018050784 W NL2018050784 W NL 2018050784W WO 2019103608 A1 WO2019103608 A1 WO 2019103608A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
motive nozzle
ejector
nozzle module
ejector according
downstream
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/NL2018/050784
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Jacob DE GRAAF
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bort De Graaf Koel - En Klimaattechniek BV
Original Assignee
Bort De Graaf Koel - En Klimaattechniek BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from NL2019953A external-priority patent/NL2019953B1/en
Priority claimed from NL2019950A external-priority patent/NL2019950B1/en
Priority claimed from NL2019951A external-priority patent/NL2019951B1/en
Application filed by Bort De Graaf Koel - En Klimaattechniek BV filed Critical Bort De Graaf Koel - En Klimaattechniek BV
Publication of WO2019103608A1 publication Critical patent/WO2019103608A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles
    • F04F5/461—Adjustable nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles
    • F04F5/463—Arrangements of nozzles with provisions for mixing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F04—POSITIVE - DISPLACEMENT MACHINES FOR LIQUIDS; PUMPS FOR LIQUIDS OR ELASTIC FLUIDS
    • F04F—PUMPING OF FLUID BY DIRECT CONTACT OF ANOTHER FLUID OR BY USING INERTIA OF FLUID TO BE PUMPED; SIPHONS
    • F04F5/00—Jet pumps, i.e. devices in which flow is induced by pressure drop caused by velocity of another fluid flow
    • F04F5/44—Component parts, details, or accessories not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F04F5/02 - F04F5/42
    • F04F5/46—Arrangements of nozzles
    • F04F5/467—Arrangements of nozzles with a plurality of nozzles arranged in series

Definitions

  • the various aspects and embodiments relate to an ejector for increasing pressure in a refrigerant, provided in a vapour-compression refrigeration system.
  • vapour-compression refrigeration systems comprise a closed loop system for a refrigerant, with a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve and an evaporator. If used with chlorofluorocarbons, such systems are able to operate at sufficient efficiency. However, these refrigerants are prohibited in a lot of countries, or their use is heavily discouraged. For efficient use of more environmentally friendly refrigerants, e.g. CO 2 , additional measures are required for operating at a feasible efficiency level. To increase efficiency of such systems, ejectors are used for increasing pressure in a vapour-compression refrigeration system.
  • An ejector is a passive component comprising a nozzle for providing a first mass stream of refrigerant at a high speed.
  • the high speed refrigerant flow is provided to a suction chamber, in which a second mass flow is available. Due to the high speed, the first mass stream takes along the second mass stream towards a mixing chamber. Gradually, the speed of the mass flows mixing into a third mass flow decreases until below the speed of sound, at which point a shock wave occurs and pressure increases significantly.
  • Ejectors are suitable for pressure increase in refrigerant flows having a substantially constant mass flow. At lower or higher mass flows, efficiency of an ejector decreases. With requirements for refrigerant supply varying due to variations in demand for cooling, there is a demand for adjustable ejectors.
  • NL1041046 discloses an adjustable ejector. A flow-through area of a nozzle may be adjusted by inserting a needle in the nozzle. The needle has to be provided in the exact middle of the nozzle to prevent unwanted turbulence and other flow disturbances that affect the efficiency of the ejector. Despite precise machining, this is difficult to establish.
  • a first aspect provides an ejector, comprising a first motive nozzle module, comprising a first motive nozzle, arranged to provide a first mass flow, a suction chamber, arranged to provide a second mass flow, and a mixing chamber comprising a mixing conduit, wherein the mixing chamber is provided downstream of the motive nozzle module and the suction chamber, and wherein the mixing chamber is arranged to mix mass from the first mass flow and the second mass flow into a third mass flow.
  • the ejector further comprises a control module comprising a control body, arranged to translate over an axis of the mixing chamber to perform at least one of at least partially inserting the control body in the mixing conduit and at least partially removing the control body from the mixing conduit.
  • This ejector allows controlling of an effective flow-through area of the mixing chamber.
  • the location at which the shock wave occurs may be controlled.
  • the location of the shock wave depends on the magnitude of the mass flows.
  • the ejector according to this aspect allows to counterbalance this effect by controlling the flow-through area of the mixing chamber.
  • a control body centre line is aligned with the mixing chamber axis. This embodiment provides a symmetrical
  • control body is arranged to be inserted in the mixing conduit from a downstream side of the mixing conduit. In this embodiment, the control body does not interfere with upstream elements of the ejector, like the motive nozzle or the supply of the second mass flow.
  • control body is shaped such that when at least part of the control body is positioned inside the mixing conduit, a mass flow path is provided between the control body and an inner wall of the mixing conduit.
  • At least one of the mixing conduit and the control body has a tapered cross-section parallel to the axis of the ejector and a cross-sectional area of at least one of the control body and the mixing conduit perpendicular to the mixing chamber axis increases towards the downstream side. This allows convenient gradual control of the flow-through area, optionally in a continuous way.
  • a maximum cross-sectional area of the control body, perpendicular to the axis of the ejector, is smaller than a cross-sectional area of a minimal flow-through area of the mixing conduit, the flow-through area being perpendicular to the axis of the ejector.
  • the ejector has a substantially axisymmetric tubular or cylindrical shape.
  • the motive nozzle modules have a substantially axisymmetric tubular or cylindrical shape.
  • the mixing chamber has a substantially axisymmetric tubular or cylindrical shape. In the preferred embodiment, an axis of the ejector, the motive nozzles modules and the mixing chamber are substantially aligned.
  • the ejector may be provided in the vapour-compression refrigeration system between two flanges provided at two outer ends of the ejector.
  • the flanges are arranged to mate with flanges provided by the vapour-compression refrigeration system.
  • the connection between the flanges of the ejector and the vapour-compression refrigeration system provides a seal which prevents any coolant from leaking out of the refrigeration system at the connections with the ejector.
  • the flanges allow the length of the ejector to be fixed by connecting the flanges by means of rods or other substantially rigid elongate members, connected to opposite flanges.
  • a second aspect provides an ejector, comprising a first motive nozzle module, arranged to provide a first mass flow, and comprising a first motive nozzle, provided at a downstream side of the first motive nozzle module, and comprising at the downstream side a first flow-through area, a suction chamber, arranged to provide a second mass flow and a mixing chamber, provided downstream of the motive nozzle module and the suction chamber, arranged to mix mass from the first mass flow and the second mass flow into a third mass flow.
  • the ejector further comprises a second motive nozzle module, comprising a second motive nozzle, provided upstream of the first motive nozzle and comprising at the downstream side a second flow-through area which is smaller than the first flow-through area.
  • the second motive nozzle module is arranged to translate over an axis of the first motive nozzle module between a first position in which at least a substantive part of the first mass flow is enabled to flow through the first motive nozzle without passing through the second motive nozzle and a second position in which substantially all of the first mass flow is enabled to flow through the second motive nozzle.
  • This ejector allows the flow-through area of the motive nozzle to be controlled, thus adapting the ejector to mass flows with varying magnitudes.
  • a particular advantage is use of the ejector according to this aspect removes the need for inserting of a needle. This allows a smoother flow of mass through the ejector, resulting in less disturbances of the flow and improved efficiency.
  • the second position is a downstream position, wherein in the second position the second motive nozzle module
  • Another embodiment comprises a third motive nozzle module, comprising a third motive nozzle and a third flow-through area at a downstream end of the third motive nozzle module which is smaller than the second flow though area, wherein the third motive nozzle module is arranged to translate over an axis of the second motive nozzle module between a first position in which at least a substantive part of the first mass flow is enabled to flow through the second motive nozzle without passing through the third motive nozzle and a second position in which substantially all of the first mass flow is enabled to flow through the third motive nozzle.
  • This embodiment provides more accuracy and freedom for improving efficiency.
  • a further embodiment comprises a first urging element, arranged to urge the second motive nozzle module upstream of the first motive nozzle module.
  • This embodiment may require only one actuator for moving the second motive nozzle downstream, which increases design freedom and allows a more compact design.
  • the second motive nozzle module comprises one or more through holes that are arranged to provide an additional flow path to the first motive nozzle in addition to the flow path through the second motive nozzle.
  • the first mass flow is provided with a large flow path upstream of the motive nozzle orifice, decreasing any disturbances and improving efficiency.
  • any motive nozzle comprises a tapered section downstream of the minimal flow-through area comprised by the respective motive nozzle module, wherein in the tapered section the flow-through area increases downstream of the motive nozzle.
  • the ejector according to this embodiment allows a more free flow of fluid after leaving an orifice of the respective motive nozzle module, improving efficiency.
  • the velocity of the mass flow through the motive nozzle opening increases to a magnitude larger than the speed of sound.
  • At least part of the outer shape of the second motive nozzle module corresponds to at least part of the inner shape of the first motive nozzle module. This allows compact nesting of the second motive nozzle module in the first motive nozzle module.
  • a second aspect provides a refrigeration system, comprising an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser an expansion valve, preferably, a liquid separator and an ejector according to the first aspect or any
  • a third aspect provides an ejector, comprising a motive nozzle module, arranged to provide a first mass flow, and comprising a first motive nozzle, provided at a downstream side of the motive nozzle module, a suction chamber, arranged to provide a second mass flow; and a mixing chamber, provided downstream of the motive nozzle module and the suction chamber, arranged for mixing mass from the first mass flow and the second mass flow into a third mass flow.
  • the mixing chamber and the first motive nozzle are arranged to translate relative to each other over an axis of the ejector for adjusting a distance between the first motive nozzle and the mixing chamber.
  • This ejector allows controlling of an effective flow-through area of the mixing chamber. As a result, the location at which the shock wave occurs may be controlled. With a fixed flow-through area, the location of the shock wave depends on the magnitude of the mass flows.
  • the ejector according to this aspect allows to counterbalance this effect by controlling the distance between the first motive nozzle and the mixing chamber.
  • the effective flow-through area of the mixing chamber may be controlled to achieve a more efficient and preferably optimal operation.
  • the motive nozzle module comprises a flange extending outwardly from the motive nozzle module
  • the ejector comprises a housing, which further comprises a flange chamber.
  • the flange chamber comprises a downstream fluid chamber, an upstream fluid chamber, a downstream wall; and an upstream wall.
  • the housing is arranged to constrain the axial translation of the motive nozzle module flange in-between the upstream wall and the downstream wall.
  • the volumes of the fluid chambers may be controlled by withdrawing fluid or injecting fluid - gas or liquid. This may be done in various ways and controlled in various ways to control the position of the first motive nozzle relative to the mixing chamber. As an advantage, no local actuator is required, which allows for compact design.
  • a self-controlled system may be used by connecting the fluid chambers to the main fluid channel through the ejector, either upstream or downstream of the first motive nozzle.
  • a fourth aspect provides a vapour-compression refrigeration system, comprising an evaporator, a compressor, a condenser, an expansion valve, preferably, a liquid separator and an ejector according to the first aspect, second aspect, third aspect or any embodiment thereof.
  • Fig. 1 shows an ejector
  • Fig. 2A shows a detailed view of a motive nozzle module
  • Fig. 2B shows another detailed view of the motive nozzle module
  • Fig. 2C shows another detailed view of the motive nozzle module
  • Fig. 3A shows the first motive nozzle module in an ejector housing
  • Fig. 3B shows the ejector provided with an external fluid source
  • Fig. 3C shows the first motive nozzle module and the flange chamber in fluid connection with a first mass flow
  • Fig. 3D shows the ejector provided with an external fluid source
  • Fig. 3E shows the first motive nozzle module and the flange chamber in fluid connection with a first mass flow
  • Fig. 3F shows the first motive nozzle module provided with an actuator
  • Fig. 3G shows the first motive nozzle module with different fluid conducts
  • Fig. 4A shows a control body in a downstream position in the mixing chamber
  • Fig. 4B shows the control body in an upstream position in the mixing chamber
  • Fig. 5A shows a vapour-compression refrigeration system comprising the ejector
  • Fig. 5B shows the vapour-compression refrigeration system comprising the ejector comprising a refrigeration system control module
  • Figure 1 shows an embodiment of an ejector 100, comprising an ejector housing 102, a first motive nozzle module 200, a suction chamber 110, a mixing chamber 300, and a control module 310.
  • the first motive nozzle module 200 further comprises, in the embodiment shown in Fig. 1, a second motive nozzle module 220 and a third motive nozzle module 230.
  • the third motive nozzle module 230 is nested in the second motive nozzle module 220, and the second motive nozzle module 220 is nested in the first motive nozzle module 200.
  • the first motive nozzle module 200, the second motive nozzle module 220, and the third motive nozzle module 230 all comprise one or more through holes 225.
  • the through holes 225 may be provided in a cylindrical part of the motive nozzle modules, or, alternatively or additionally, in a conical part converging downstream of the motive nozzle modules.
  • the first motive nozzle module 200, the second motive nozzle module 220, and the third motive nozzle module 230 are arranged to translate over an ejector axis 101.
  • the first motive nozzle module 200 is in an embodiment provided with a flange 210, which protrudes outward from an external surface of the first motive nozzle module 200.
  • the ejector housing 102 is provided with a flange chamber 212, arranged to retain the flange 210.
  • the flange chamber 212 is provided with an upstream chamber 216 and a downstream chamber 214.
  • the ejector housing 102 comprises an upstream wall 217 and a downstream wall 215.
  • the upstream wall 217 and the downstream wall 215 are arranged to constrain the translating movement of the first motive nozzle module 200 over the ejector axis 101 between an upstream position, as shown in Fig. 3B, and a downstream position, as shown in Fig. 3D.
  • At least one of the second motive nozzle module 220 and the third motive nozzle module 230 are arranged to be mechanically connected to a motive nozzle module insert actuator 202, as shown in Fig. 2A.
  • the motive nozzle module insert actuator 202 is in turn attached to the ejector housing 102 as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the additional motive nozzle modules are also arranged to translate relative to a first motive nozzle 211.
  • all subsequent motive nozzle modules are arranged to be nested in one another.
  • the control module 310 is arranged to at least partially be provided in the mixing chamber 300.
  • the control module 310 comprises a holding unit 318, a control module actuator 320, a control shaft 316, and a control body 312.
  • the control body 312 is arranged to be translated over an axis 315 of the mixing chamber, and comprises a tip 314 and a tapered section 313.
  • the mixing chamber 300 comprises a mixing conduit 302, and an inner wall 303.
  • the ejector 100 is arranged to be provided with a first mass flow at an upstream side.
  • the suction chamber 110 is arranged to be provided with a second mass flow, and the mixing chamber 300 is arranged to mix the first mass flow and the second mass flow into a third mass flow.
  • the third mass flow which combines the first mass flow and the second mass flow, than has a pressure higher than the low pressure of the second mass flow.
  • the ejector 100 is arranged to be operated in a refrigeration system under varying working loads, depending e.g. on an ambient temperature and on various heat loads acting on the refrigeration system.
  • the ejector 100 is arranged to have three parameters controlled.
  • the size of a minimal flow-through area for the first mass flow can be controlled by inserting one or more motive nozzle modules in the first motive nozzle module 200 as each motive nozzle module has a different sized flow-through opening.
  • the distance between the first motive nozzle 211 and the mixing chamber 300 can be controlled by translating at least one of the first motive nozzle module 200 and the mixing chamber 300 over the ejector axis 101.
  • the motive nozzle module 200 may be translated.
  • opposite end of the ejector 100 may be provided with flanges, in Figure 1 at the outer left and the outer right.
  • the flanges may be connected by elongate substantially rigid elements like rods.
  • a tube is provided around the ejector 100 that connects the flanges. This construction allows for translation of the motive nozzle module 200 without changing length of the ejector 100 or change of the positions of the inlet of the ejector 100 and the control module 310 while translating the first motive nozzle module.
  • the flow-through area for the third mass flow can be altered by translating the control body 312 over the mixing chamber axis 315.
  • the pressure in the mixing chamber 300 and the speed of the third mass flow can be controlled.
  • a too high pressure in the mixing chamber 300 combined with a too low speed of the third mass flow can cause the direction of the third mass flow to reverse, causing the third mass flow to flow back into the suction chamber 110.
  • This effect can be prevented by translating the control body 312 over the mixing chamber axis 315 to another position wherein the flow-through area for the third mass flow is larger or smaller.
  • the mixing chamber 300 is provided with the control module 310, comprising the control body 312.
  • the control body 312 is attached to the control shaft 316, which in turn is attached to the holding unit 318.
  • the holding unit 318 is arranged to attach the control module 310 to the ejector housing 102, such that the control module actuator 320 may translate the control body 312 relative to the ejector housing 102 over an axis 315 of the mixing chamber.
  • the position of the control body 312 in the mixing chamber 300 determines, when the third mass flow has a speed higher than Mach 1, where in the mixing chamber 300 a standing shock wave occurs due to a decrease in flow speed over the control body 312 below Mach 1, the speed of sound.
  • Fig. 2A shows a detailed view of the first motive nozzle module 200 as part of the ejector of Fig. 1.
  • the first motive nozzle module 200 comprises the first motive nozzle 211, which comprises a first minimal flow through area 261. Additionally inserted in the first motive nozzle module 200 are the second motive nozzle module 220 and the third motive nozzle module 230.
  • the second motive nozzle module 220 comprises a second motive nozzle 221, which comprises a second minimal flow-through area 262.
  • the third motive nozzle module 230 comprises a third motive nozzle 231, which comprises a third minimal flow-through area 263.
  • the third minimal flow-through area 263 comprised by the third motive nozzle 231 is a smaller flow-through area than the second minimal flow through area 262 comprised by the second motive nozzle 221, which in turn is a smaller flow-through area than the first minimal flow-through area 261 comprised by the first motive nozzle 211.
  • the motive nozzle modules may be provided with an additional tapered section at the downstream side of the minimal flow-through area of the motive nozzle module, downstream of the first mass flow.
  • a first additional section 241 for the first motive nozzle module 200, a second additional section 242 for the second motive nozzle module 220, and a third additional section 243 for the third motive nozzle module 230 are provided. All three additional sections are tapered such that the flow-through area increases towards the side downstream of the first mass flow.
  • a first urging element 223 may be provided, arranged to urge the second motive nozzle module 220 upstream of the first motive nozzle module 200.
  • the first urging element 223 is provided upstream of the second motive nozzle module 220.
  • a second urging element 233 may be provided between an inner wall of the second motive nozzle module 220 and an outer wall of the third motive nozzle module 230.
  • the second urging element 233 is arranged to urge the third motive nozzle module 230 upstream of the second motive nozzle module 220.
  • the second urging element 233 may also be provided upstream of the third motive nozzle module 230.
  • the first urging element 223 and the second urging element 233 may comprise a helical spring, wave spring, compression spring, extension spring, Belleville spring, any other urging element, or any combination thereof.
  • a stiffness, e.g. measured in N/mm, of the first urging element 223 is lower than a stiffness of the second urging element 233.
  • the stiffness of the first urging element 223 is preferably two times less stiff than the second urging element 233, more preferably five times less stiff, even more preferably ten or more times less stiff. This allows a single motive nozzle module insert actuator 202 to operate the translation of both the second motive nozzle module 220 and the third motive nozzle module 230.
  • the first urging element 223 is significantly more compressed than the second urging element 233, causing the second motive nozzle module 220 to abut the first motive nozzle module 200 first.
  • the second motive nozzle module 220 abuts the first motive nozzle module 210
  • the minimal flow-through area for the first mass flows is decreased from the first minimal flow-through area 261 to the second minimal flow through area 262.
  • the second urging element 233 is compressed and the third motive nozzle module 230 abuts the second motive nozzle module 220, as shown respectively in Fig. 2A, 2B, and 2C.
  • the minimal flow-through area for the first mass flow is decreased from the second minimal flow-through area 262 to the third minimal flow-through area 263.
  • the addition of additional motive nozzle modules to the first motive nozzle module 200 allows a stepwise control of the minimal flow-through area for the first mass flow.
  • a decrease in minimal flow-through area for the first mass flow decreases the speed of the first mass flow and hence increases the pressure of the first mass flow at the minimal flow-through area.
  • an increase of the minimal flow-through area for the first mass flow increases the speed of the first mass flow and hence decreases the pressure of the first mass flow at the minimal flow-through area of the first mass flow.
  • the first urging element 223 is arranged to urge the second motive nozzle module 220 downstream towards the first motive nozzle module 200
  • the second urging element 233 is arranged to urge the third motive nozzle module 230 downstream towards the second motive nozzle 221.
  • the motive nozzle module insert actuator 202 is in this embodiment arranged to provide an upstream force to at least one of the second motive nozzle module 220 and the third motive nozzle module 230.
  • the second motive nozzle module 220 may be left at the most downstream position in the first motive nozzle module 200, while the third motive nozzle module 230 is moved upstream, by means of an urging element, an actuator, other, or a combination thereof.
  • the third motive nozzle module 230 may remain nested in the second motive nozzle module 220 during this movement and, optionally, be moved out of the second motive nozzle module 220 at a later moment, by means of an urging element, an actuator, other, or a combination thereof.
  • the second motive nozzle module 220 comprises one or more through holes 225.
  • the third motive nozzle 231 comprises one or more through holes 225. These through holes 225 are arranged to provide an additional flow path for the first mass flow to the first motive nozzle 211, in addition to the flow path through the second motive nozzle 221 and the third motive nozzle 231. With this configuration, it is possible to provide the first mass flow with different minimal flow-through areas, depending on the position of the second motive nozzle module 220 and the third motive nozzle module 230 in the first motive nozzle module 200.
  • the through holes 225 comprised by the second motive nozzle module 220 are provided in at least one of a straight section of the second motive nozzle module 220, and a tapered section of the second motive nozzle module 220, as shown in Fig. 2A.
  • the through holes 225 comprised by the third motive nozzle module 230 are provided at least in one of a straight section and a tapered section of the third motive nozzle module 230.
  • the through holes 225 are provided axisymmetric around the axis 101 of the ejector.
  • the motive nozzle module insert actuator 202 arranged to provide translation for at least one of the second motive nozzle module 220 and the third motive nozzle module 230 may be of a pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical, electromechanical type, any other type, or any combination thereof.
  • the motive nozzle module insert actuator 202 is connected to the third motive nozzle module 230.
  • the motive nozzle module insert actuator 202 may be connected to at least one of the second motive nozzle module 220 and the third motive nozzle 231.
  • the second motive nozzle module 220 comprises a second motive nozzle module inner wall 227 and a second motive nozzle module outer wall 226.
  • the third motive nozzle module 230 comprises a third motive nozzle module outer wall 236.
  • Fig. 2B shows the second motive nozzle module 220 in a downstream position, wherein the second motive nozzle module 220 is arranged to substantially seal off the flow path between the outer wall 226 of the second motive nozzle module and the inner wall 206 of the first motive nozzle module 200.
  • the shape of at least part of the second motive nozzle module 220 corresponds to a shape of the inner wall 206 of the first motive nozzle module 206.
  • the outer wall 226 of the second motive nozzle module may be provided with a thread corresponding to a thread provided in the inner wall 206 of the first motive nozzle module.
  • a motive nozzle module insert actuator 202 that is arranged to rotate the second motive nozzle module 220, the second motive nozzle module 220 is arranged to translate over the ejector axis 101 inside the first motive nozzle module 200.
  • a similar arrangement can be envisioned for subsequent additional motive nozzle modules provided inside the second motive nozzle module 220.
  • Fig. 2C shows the third motive nozzle module 230 in a downstream position, wherein the third motive nozzle module 230 is arranged to substantially seal off a flow path between the outer wall 236 of the third motive nozzle module 230 and the inner wall 227 of the second motive nozzle module 220.
  • at least part of an outer shape of the third motive nozzle module 230 corresponds to a shape of the inner wall 227 of the second motive nozzle module 220.
  • Fig. 3A shows a detailed view of the first motive nozzle module 200 as part of the ejector 100 as shown in Fig. 1.
  • the first motive nozzle module 200 comprises the flange 210, arranged to extend outwardly from the exterior of the first motive nozzle module 200.
  • the ejector housing 102 comprises the flange chamber 212, arranged to receive the flange 210 between an upstream position and a downstream position.
  • the flange chamber 212 comprises the downstream chamber 214 and the upstream chamber 216.
  • the flange 210 in a downstream position, abuts the downstream wall 215 comprised by the ejector housing 102. In an upstream position, the flange 210 abuts the upstream wall 217 comprised by the ejector housing 102.
  • the downstream chamber 214 is provided with a downstream fluid inlet 244 and a downstream fluid outlet 245.
  • the downstream fluid inlet 244 and the downstream fluid outlet 245 are combined in the same conduit.
  • the ejector 100 is provided with an external fluid source 213, in fluid connection with the downstream fluid inlet 244.
  • the external fluid source 213 may additionally comprise a pumping device for providing pressurized fluid to the
  • downstream fluid inlet 244. Upon pressurisation of the downstream chamber 214, the pressure in the downstream chamber 214 becomes higher than the pressure in the upstream chamber 216. This, in turn, causes the first motive nozzle module 200 to translate upstream.
  • a pressurisation of the upstream chamber 216 in e.g. an embodiment of the ejector as shown in Fig. 3C and Fig. 3E, to a higher pressure than the pressure in the
  • downstream chamber 214 causes the first motive nozzle module 200 to translate downstream.
  • a difference between a force applied to a downstream side of the flange 210 and an upstream side of the flange 210 will cause the first motive nozzle module to translate 200.
  • the force applied to a surface depends on the area of the surface and the pressure at that surface, .
  • different pressures may be applied at the upstream side of the flange 210 and the downstream side of the flange 210 for translating the first motive nozzle module 200.
  • the upstream area of the flange located in the upstream chamber 216 and the downstream area of the flange located in the downstream chamber 214 are both larger than the area of the active nozzle module 200 that is provided in the flow path.
  • This allows full control over the translation of the motive nozzle module 200 relative to the mixing chamber 300 by means of controlling pressures in the upstream chamber 216 and the downstream chamber 214. In this way, with a particular pressure, a force may be exerted on either side of the flange that is larger than a force exerted on the motive nozzle module 200.
  • Fig. 3C shows an additional embodiment of the ejector housing 102 and the first motive nozzle module 200, wherein the downstream chamber 214 is arranged to be in fluid connection with the first mass flow, provided upstream of the first motive nozzle 211.
  • the pressure of the first mass flow may be used to translate the first motive nozzle module 200 to the upstream position.
  • the first mass flow can either be provided directly to the downstream chamber 214, or indirectly.
  • An indirect connection between the first mass flow and the downstream chamber 214 may comprise a piston, bellow, pressure vessel, membrane, other connecting element, or any combination thereof.
  • Fig. 3E shows the first motive nozzle module 200 in the downstream position.
  • the ejector 100 further comprises the external fluid source 213, which is arranged to be in fluid connection with an upstream chamber fluid inlet 246. Also provided is an upstream fluid outlet 247.
  • the external fluid source 213 may additionally comprise a pumping device for providing pressurized fluid to the downstream fluid inlet 244.
  • Fig. 3E shows an embodiment of the ejector 100 in which the upstream chamber fluid inlet 246 is arranged to be in fluid connection with the first mass flow, provided upstream of the first motive nozzle 211.
  • the pressure of the first mass flow may in this embodiment be used to
  • Fig. 3F shows yet another embodiment of the part of the ejector 100 comprising the first motive nozzle module 200.
  • the first motive nozzle module 200 is provided with a motive nozzle module actuator 254 at the upstream side, in which the motive nozzle module actuator 254 is arranged to translate the first motive nozzle module 200 over the ejector axis 101.
  • the motive nozzle module actuator 254 may be of a pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical, electromechanical type, other, or any combination thereof.
  • the motive nozzle module insert actuator 202 is fixed to the ejector housing 102.
  • Fig. 3G shows yet another embodiment of the first motive nozzle module 200 in the ejector housing 102.
  • a pressure difference between the downstream chamber 214 and the upstream chamber 216 is used to translate the first motive nozzle module 200 between the downstream wall 215 and the upstream wall 217.
  • the downstream chamber 214 is provided with a downstream chamber conduit 284, arranged to act as an inlet and as an outlet for a pressurized fluid or gas.
  • the upstream chamber 216 is provided with an upstream chamber conduit 286, arranged to act as an inlet and an outlet for a pressurized fluid or gas.
  • the upstream chamber conduit 286 is provided in fluid connection with an upstream valve 288, wherein the upstream valve 288 is arranged to control a fluid flow between an upstream external fluid source 291, an upstream conduit 287, and the upstream chamber conduit 286.
  • the downstream chamber conduit 284 is provided in fluid connection with a downstream valve 289, which is arranged to control a fluid flow between a downstream conduit 285, the downstream chamber conduit 284, and a downstream external fluid source 292.
  • the downstream external fluid source 292 and the upstream external fluid source 291 are arranged to provide a pressurised fluid.
  • the downstream external fluid source 292 is the same as the upstream external fluid source 291.
  • the downstream conduit 285 or the upstream conduit 287 may be provided in fluid
  • the downstream conduit 285 or the upstream conduit 287 may be provided in fluid connection with the first mass flow, either directly or via e.g. a valve, pressure vessel, bellow, other connecting element, or any combination thereof.
  • a control system may be provided to control the upstream valve 288 and the downstream valve 289, and herewith control the position of the first motive nozzle module 200 in the ejector housing 102.
  • the position of the first motive nozzle module 200 in the ejector housing 102 is automatically regulated by the pressure difference between the first mass flow and the second mass flow.
  • the first motive nozzle module 200 is provided with a friction element, arranged to temporarily fixate the position of the first motive nozzle module 200 in the ejector housing 102.
  • first motive nozzle module 200 and the ejector housing 102 as shown in Fig. 3B, Fig. 3C, Fig. 3D, and Fig. 3E may be combined to form an additional embodiment of the first motive nozzle module 200, arranged to be translated in the ejector housing 102.
  • the first motive nozzle 211 is provided with one or more threads, which in combination with the motive nozzle module insert actuator 202 are arranged to provide translation of the first motive nozzle module 200 over the ejector axis 101.
  • the first motive nozzle module 200 is provided with one or more racks and the ejector 100 is provided with one or more pinions, arranged to provide the translation of the first motive nozzle module 200 over the ejector axis 101.
  • the one or more pinions may be provided with the motive nozzle module actuator 254, arranged to provide rotation of the one or more pinions.
  • the ejector housing 102 may be provided with one or more abutments, which may constrain the first motive nozzle module 200 between the downstream and the upstream position.
  • the mixing chamber 300 is arranged to translate over the ejector axis 101, wherein this translation is arranged to vary the distance between the operating motive nozzle and the mixing chamber 300, as shown in Fig. 1.
  • Fig. 4A shows a detailed view of the mixing chamber 300 of the ejector 100 as shown in Fig. 1, wherein the mixing chamber 300 comprises a mixing conduit 302 and the control module 310, arranged to control the flow-through area through which the third mass flow may flow.
  • control module 310 comprises the control body 312 and the control shaft 316.
  • control module 310 is provided downstream of the mixing conduit 302.
  • at least part of the control module 310 may be provided upstream of the mixing conduit 302, as shown in Fig. 4B.
  • Fig. 4A shows the control body 312 in a downstream position, wherein at least part of the control body 312 is provided downstream of the mixing conduit 302.
  • a flow path is provided for the third mass flow between an outer wall 317 of the control body and an inner wall 303 of the mixing conduit.
  • the control body 312 and the mixing conduit 302 both comprise a tapered section. Over the tapered section 313 of the control body, the control body 312 becomes wider in the downstream direction of the third mass flow.
  • the tapered section of the mixing conduit 302 comprises at least one of a first tapered section in which the cross-sectional area perpendicular mass flow, and a second tapered section in which the cross-sectional area perpendicular to the axis 315 of the mixing chamber decreases downstream of the third mass flow.
  • the combination of the tapered section of the mixing conduit 302 and the tapered section 313 of the control body, with the control body 312 provided inside the mixing conduit 302, allows the control of the flow-through area of the third mass flow between the outer wall 317 of the control body and the inner wall 303 of the mixing conduit by translating the control body 312 inside the mixing conduit 300.
  • the flow-through area of the third mass flow is in this embodiment a continuous function of the position of the control body 312 inside the mixing conduit 302.
  • control module 310 may be provided such that, when the control body 312 is at least partially inserted in the mixing conduit 302, a substantial flow path for the third mass flow is provided through the control body 312 by providing the control body 312 with a through hole. In one embodiment, this through hole provides the flow path for the third mass flow substantially parallel to the axis 315 of the mixing chamber.
  • the control body 312 may be shaped to provide a low and preferably minimal amount of drag for the third mass flow as it flows past the control body 312. Therefore, the control body 312 comprises a tip 314 at the upstream side of the control body 312.
  • Other shapes for the control body 312 are also envisaged, such as a cone, blunted cone, a bi-conic, ogive, elliptical, parabolic, or any other shaped body that may provide low drag for the third mass flow.
  • control module 310 is connected to the control module actuator 320, arranged to translate the control shaft 316 over an axis 315 of the mixing chamber.
  • the control module actuator 320 is in turn connected to the holding unit 318 which is arranged to fixate the position of the control module actuator 320 relative to the mixing chamber 300.
  • the control module actuator 320 may be of a pneumatic, hydraulic, mechanical, electromechanical type, any other type, or any combination thereof.
  • control shaft 316 may be arranged with an inner or outer thread and the control module actuator 320 may comprise an outer thread or a hole with an inner thread arranged to engage with the thread of the control shaft 316.
  • control module actuator 320 may comprise an outer thread or a hole with an inner thread arranged to engage with the thread of the control shaft 316.
  • at least one of the mixing conduit 302 and the control body 312 are arranged to translate relative to each other.
  • the mixing conduit 302 may be arranged to be translated over the ejector axis 101.
  • control body 312 is provided in the mixing conduit 302 from the upstream side.
  • control body 312 may even be provided from a control module 310 provided upstream of the first motive nozzle module 200.
  • control shaft 316 may be arranged as one or more rods attached to the control body 312.
  • Fig. 5A shows an embodiment of a vapour-compression refrigeration system 400, comprising the ejector 100 according to any of the previously described embodiments, a liquid/gas separator 440, a compressor 450, an expansion valve 430, a condenser 410 and an evaporator 420.
  • the liquid/gas separator 440 is arranged to separate a gas phase 441 from a liquid phase 442 of the refrigerant.
  • the ejector 100 arranged to be used in the vapour-compression refrigeration system 400, is of one of the abovementioned embodiments. Also possible is an ejector 100 comprising one, two or all of the following features: the ability to control the minimal flow-through area of the first mass flow by inserting additional motive nozzle modules in the first motive nozzle module 200, the ability to control the flow-through area for the third mass flow through the mixing chamber 300, and the ability to control the distance between the operated motive nozzle and the mixing chamber 300. Also, the one, two or all of the features here above mentioned may be arranged to work independently of each other, e.g. depending on the amount of flow flowing through the ejector 100.
  • At least one of the following configurations of the ejector 100 may be chosen: a smaller motive nozzle opening, a smaller distance between the motive nozzle and the mixing chamber 300, and a smaller flow-through area for the third mass flow, or any combination thereof. Also, a configuration of the ejector 100 with two of the abovementioned elements may be chosen. When operating the ejector 100 at a high load, at least one of the following configurations of the ejector 100 may be chosen: a larger motive nozzle opening, a larger distance between the motive nozzle and the mixing chamber 300, and a larger flow-through area for the third mass flow, or any combination thereof.
  • an optimal configuration may be found with any motive nozzle, a distance between the motive nozzle and the mixing chamber 300 between the minimal distance and the maximum distance, and a flow through area for the third mass flow between the small flow-through area and the large flow-through area.
  • refrigeration system 400 as shown in Fig. 5B, comprises a refrigeration system control module 460 and one or more sensors 461, in which the refrigeration system control module 460 is arranged to control at least one of the functionalities abovementioned.
  • the one or more sensors 461, arranged to e.g. measure mass flow, temperature, pressure, heat flow, another parameter of the refrigeration system 400, or a combination thereof at a particular position, may be provided on different positions in the
  • the sensors 461 may be positioned anywhere in the refrigeration system, e.g. in the first mass flow, in the second mass flow, in the third mass flow, and after the evaporator as indicated in Fig. 5B.
  • the refrigeration system control module 360 is arranged to receive a sensor signal 462 from the sensors 461, and use that sensor signal 462 to provide a control signal 463 to the ejector 100.
  • the control signal 463 received by the ejector 100 may be used to at least one of insert or retract one or more motive nozzle modules, change the distance between the operated motive nozzle and the mixing chamber 300, and change the position of the control body 312 inside the mixing chamber 300.
  • the control signal 463 may comprise one, two, three or more separate control signals for the motive nozzle module insert actuator 202, the control module actuator 320, and the motive nozzle module actuator 254.
  • Another embodiment of the refrigeration system 400 comprises multiple ejectors 100, arranged in parallel.
  • the amount of operated ejectors can be controlled, as well as the different operating parameters of each ejector.
  • the invention may also be embodied with less components than provided in the embodiments described here, wherein one component carries out multiple functions.
  • the invention be embodied using more elements than depicted in the Figures, wherein functions carried out by one component in the embodiment provided are distributed over multiple components.
  • the ejector comprises elements of all three aspects, it is noted that each aspect may be protected independently from the other aspects.
  • the skilled person understands that the area control of the mixing chamber may be used without the feature of the motive nozzle unit translating relative to the mixing chamber and the feature of the multiple nozzle feature.
  • the other aspects may be implemented and provide improved effectiveness of an ejector, without presence of another aspect as discussed in the summary.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Jet Pumps And Other Pumps (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un éjecteur qui comprend un module de buse motrice (200), agencé pour fournir un premier écoulement massique, et comprenant une première buse motrice (211), une chambre d'aspiration (110) et une chambre de mélange (300), disposée en aval du module de buse motrice (200) et de la chambre d'aspiration (110), agencée pour mélanger la masse du premier flux massique et du deuxième flux massique en un troisième flux massique. L'éjecteur est conçu pour commander et adapter une ou plusieurs propriétés pour s'adapter aux changements du premier débit massique. La zone de passage d'écoulement de la buse motrice (211) peut être ajustée, la distance entre la chambre de mélange (300) et l'ouverture de buse motrice peut être ajustée et/ou la zone ouverte de la chambre de mélange (300) peut être ajustée.
PCT/NL2018/050784 2017-11-21 2018-11-21 Éjecteur Ceased WO2019103608A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2019953 2017-11-21
NL2019950 2017-11-21
NL2019953A NL2019953B1 (en) 2017-11-21 2017-11-21 Adjustable motive nozzle diameter adjustment for ejector
NL2019950A NL2019950B1 (en) 2017-11-21 2017-11-21 Adjustable nozzle - mixer distance for ejector
NL2019951A NL2019951B1 (en) 2017-11-21 2017-11-21 Adjustable mixing chamber diameter for ejector
NL2019951 2017-11-21

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2019103608A1 true WO2019103608A1 (fr) 2019-05-31

Family

ID=65228613

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/NL2018/050784 Ceased WO2019103608A1 (fr) 2017-11-21 2018-11-21 Éjecteur

Country Status (1)

Country Link
WO (1) WO2019103608A1 (fr)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112844889A (zh) * 2021-03-08 2021-05-28 山东学智索科流体科技有限公司 用于变工况燃料电池的可伸缩共轴的双喷嘴喷射器及方法
CN114922868A (zh) * 2022-07-05 2022-08-19 兰州理工大学 伸缩型喷嘴射流泵
CN115283369A (zh) * 2022-09-06 2022-11-04 林峡 一种二氧化碳状态控制系统及方法

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH125585A (de) * 1927-03-26 1928-05-01 Vogt Gut A G H Doppelhahn zum Mischen von Gas und Luft, z. B. für Gaskocher.
US2240119A (en) * 1938-11-02 1941-04-29 Permutit Co Adjustable venturi tube
US3200764A (en) * 1962-09-10 1965-08-17 Jr Robert C Saunders Fluid injector
GB2185534A (en) * 1986-01-21 1987-07-22 Kershaw H A A fluid displacement or compression method
EP0889244A2 (fr) * 1997-06-30 1999-01-07 USF Limited Pompe à jet
WO2001022013A1 (fr) * 1999-09-08 2001-03-29 Gram Equipment A/S Refrigerateur dote d'un separateur de gaz liquide centrifuge
FR2852364A1 (fr) * 2003-03-11 2004-09-17 Anumsa Dispositif d'aspiration pneumatique
DE112013005473T5 (de) * 2012-11-16 2015-08-13 Denso Corporation Kältekreislaufvorrichtung
NL1041046A (nl) 2014-11-13 2016-07-28 Bort De Graaf Koel- En Klimaattechniek B V Continu variabele ejecteur.

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CH125585A (de) * 1927-03-26 1928-05-01 Vogt Gut A G H Doppelhahn zum Mischen von Gas und Luft, z. B. für Gaskocher.
US2240119A (en) * 1938-11-02 1941-04-29 Permutit Co Adjustable venturi tube
US3200764A (en) * 1962-09-10 1965-08-17 Jr Robert C Saunders Fluid injector
GB2185534A (en) * 1986-01-21 1987-07-22 Kershaw H A A fluid displacement or compression method
EP0889244A2 (fr) * 1997-06-30 1999-01-07 USF Limited Pompe à jet
WO2001022013A1 (fr) * 1999-09-08 2001-03-29 Gram Equipment A/S Refrigerateur dote d'un separateur de gaz liquide centrifuge
FR2852364A1 (fr) * 2003-03-11 2004-09-17 Anumsa Dispositif d'aspiration pneumatique
DE112013005473T5 (de) * 2012-11-16 2015-08-13 Denso Corporation Kältekreislaufvorrichtung
NL1041046A (nl) 2014-11-13 2016-07-28 Bort De Graaf Koel- En Klimaattechniek B V Continu variabele ejecteur.

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112844889A (zh) * 2021-03-08 2021-05-28 山东学智索科流体科技有限公司 用于变工况燃料电池的可伸缩共轴的双喷嘴喷射器及方法
CN112844889B (zh) * 2021-03-08 2025-03-28 山东学智索科流体科技有限公司 用于变工况燃料电池的可伸缩共轴的双喷嘴喷射器及方法
CN114922868A (zh) * 2022-07-05 2022-08-19 兰州理工大学 伸缩型喷嘴射流泵
CN114922868B (zh) * 2022-07-05 2023-12-08 兰州理工大学 伸缩型喷嘴射流泵
CN115283369A (zh) * 2022-09-06 2022-11-04 林峡 一种二氧化碳状态控制系统及方法

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