WO2019149839A1 - Levain et son procede de production - Google Patents
Levain et son procede de production Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019149839A1 WO2019149839A1 PCT/EP2019/052418 EP2019052418W WO2019149839A1 WO 2019149839 A1 WO2019149839 A1 WO 2019149839A1 EP 2019052418 W EP2019052418 W EP 2019052418W WO 2019149839 A1 WO2019149839 A1 WO 2019149839A1
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- Prior art keywords
- water
- preparation
- matrix
- dough
- bread
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Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
- A21D8/00—Methods for preparing or baking dough
- A21D8/02—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking
- A21D8/04—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking treating dough with microorganisms or enzymes
- A21D8/045—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking treating dough with microorganisms or enzymes with a leaven or a composition containing acidifying bacteria
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21C—MACHINES OR EQUIPMENT FOR MAKING OR PROCESSING DOUGHS; HANDLING BAKED ARTICLES MADE FROM DOUGH
- A21C1/00—Mixing or kneading machines for the preparation of dough
- A21C1/06—Mixing or kneading machines for the preparation of dough with horizontally-mounted mixing or kneading tools; Worm or screw mixers
- A21C1/065—Worm or screw mixers, e.g. with consecutive mixing receptacles
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21C—MACHINES OR EQUIPMENT FOR MAKING OR PROCESSING DOUGHS; HANDLING BAKED ARTICLES MADE FROM DOUGH
- A21C13/00—Provers, i.e. apparatus permitting dough to rise
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
- A21D13/00—Finished or partly finished bakery products
- A21D13/04—Products made from materials other than rye or wheat flour
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
- A21D8/00—Methods for preparing or baking dough
- A21D8/02—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking
- A21D8/04—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking treating dough with microorganisms or enzymes
- A21D8/047—Methods for preparing dough; Treating dough prior to baking treating dough with microorganisms or enzymes with yeasts
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A21—BAKING; EDIBLE DOUGHS
- A21D—TREATMENT OF FLOUR OR DOUGH FOR BAKING, e.g. BY ADDITION OF MATERIALS; BAKING; BAKERY PRODUCTS
- A21D8/00—Methods for preparing or baking dough
- A21D8/06—Baking processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12R—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES C12C - C12Q, RELATING TO MICROORGANISMS
- C12R2001/00—Microorganisms ; Processes using microorganisms
- C12R2001/01—Bacteria or Actinomycetales ; using bacteria or Actinomycetales
- C12R2001/225—Lactobacillus
Definitions
- the present invention relates to leavens and their production processes.
- Leaven is a traditional product obtained from a natural acidifying fermentation of flour and water.
- the yeast thus obtained contains a living and metabolically active microflora composed mainly of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. Used in breadmaking, its function is to ensure the emergence of the dough and its acidification. In France, sourdough is defined in Article 4 of Decree No. 93-1074 of 13 September 1993 and the expected characteristics of leavened bread.
- Leaven is clearly distinguished from baker's yeast, which is the result of the selection and multiplication of yeast strains, mainly of the genus Saccharomyces, whose essential function is to make all types of dough rise. Each yeast is specifically selected for specific applications (normal, sweet, acidic, chilled, frozen dough ). Baker's yeast does not make leavened bread because it does not produce the acids organic required. On the contrary, the leaven has a lower dough-raising activity than the yeast, but its lactic microflora produces several acids, notably the acetic acid of the leavened bread. Bread baking with leaven then requires longer dough lifting times than those of baker's yeast and necessarily induces acidification of the dough. The use of starter is therefore generally unsuitable, and replaced by baker's yeast, for example to make common bread or sweet pasta such as brioche whose dough lifespan is short and whose final products must not be used. to be acidic.
- a direct breadmaking process is a process in which the fermentation of the dough is never blocked by refrigeration between the beginning of the kneading and the end of cooking.
- the deferred breadmaking processes have conversely a refrigeration phase to block the fermentation, which makes it easier to modulate the work organization of the baker.
- a short baking process has dough fermentation times of less than 6 hours whereas a long process requires dough fermentation times of more than 6 hours.
- the subject of the invention is a leaven and its method of obtaining, capable of raising, without the addition of yeast, all types of pasta and in an improvement of also fermenting the dough of leavened bread.
- the starters obtained according to the invention comply with the French regulations and are distinguished by their wide range of use without having recourse to the addition of baker's yeast. They can be used as well on direct or deferred bread-making processes, short or long, favoring the emergence of the dough without bringing acidity into the final product or to produce sourdough bread complying with French regulations with a pH ⁇ 4.3 and a rate of acetates> 900 ppm (for the improved starter according to the invention).
- the commercial starters currently on the market do not have such flexibility of use.
- the starters proposed are not sufficiently efficient to raise normal or sweet pasta with short baking processes.
- the present invention describes an entirely natural process based on a spontaneous fermentation of the microorganisms present on the fermentable substrates and directed by physical parameters, unlike the method for manufacturing baker's yeast which requires the addition of nutrients and chemicals such as ammonium phosphate and antifoams or unlike other processes for obtaining starters seeded with microbial starters selected and grown on synthetic nutrient media.
- the invention is directed to a leaven which makes it possible to make, without the addition of yeast, all types of bread, brioche, panettone and all productions of leavened, lifted puff pastries which require a fermentation phase. It also allows according to an improvement to make leavened bread with a smaller amount of leaven than previous leavens.
- a water-fermentable matrix is cleaned by immersing it completely in water and flowing with water until the flowing water is clear, so as to obtain a cleaned matrix, or still containing 200 g to 1.5 kg of residual water per 2 kg of matrix that is incubated or containing less, and in the latter case, the cleaned matrix is immersed in water between 10 and 35 ° C at a rate of 1 to 20 kg of water per 2 kg of matrix that is incubated, the incubation being between 10 and 35 ° C until bubbles appear on the surface of the liquid (called juice), so as to obtain an incubated matrix,
- the juice is separated from the rest of the incubated matrix, c) the juice is mixed with the substrate to obtain a mixture having a solids content by weight of between 15 and 60% and allowed to ferment for 12 to 72 hours at 9 to 30 ° C to obtain medium and
- Food quality air can be injected by any system that diffuses air at the bottom of the tank at a flow rate ranging from 0.01 product to 10 m3 / h / kg of product, preferably at a flow rate included between 0.01 and 1 m3 / h / kg of product to obtain leaven.
- step c) and stage d) are repeated several times, in particular three times.
- step d) can be followed by step e), in which step d) is repeated, but with a solids content ranging from 30 to 60% by weight.
- step e) is repeated at least three times.
- the fermentable matrix is a material that contains naturally occurring microbial flora, including lactic acid bacteria and yeasts.
- This matrix can be, in particular:
- the substrate may be flour or any other cereal or pseudo-cereal or legume fraction.
- the process makes it possible to obtain a leaven having a pH of between 3 and 6, a total titratable acidity of less than 20, an acetic acid content of less than 2000 ppm, a lactic acid content of less than 8000 ppm, a yeasts in log (cfu) / g of between 7 and 9, a level of lactic acid bacteria in log (cfu) / g of between 8 and 10 and which is used in a bakery in a bread making process according to the following successive stages: 1275 g of water, 2000 g of flour and 200 g of leaven are introduced into the order in a spiral mixer with arms and vats rotated.
- yeast is used relative to the weight of the flour.
- PH and total titratable acidity are measured from fresh sourdough samples.
- Ten grams of yeast are mixed with 90 ml of distilled water using a magnetic stirrer for 5 minutes.
- the pH measurement is carried out on this mixture, with stirring, with a Mettler Toledo (trademark) model G20 pH meter.
- the measurement of the ATT (total titratable acidity) is carried out with stirring by titration with 0.1 mol / l sodium hydroxide (mole per liter) until a pH of 8.5 is obtained.
- the ATT is defined as the volume (in ml) of 0.1 mol / l NaOH solution needed to reach pH 8.5.
- the dry matter (DM) of the leavenings is measured by infrared method with a Radwag halogen desiccator (trade mark) model MAC 50/1. Leavening samples are fresh. The measurements are made in triplicate on 2.0 ⁇ 0.1 g of yeast, and then averaged. The program The analysis method applies a temperature of 130 ° C until the variation of the weighing value is £ lmg in 25s. The values are expressed as a percentage of MS contained in the starter.
- the yeast level was determined according to the reference standard AFNOR NF V08-059, a routine method, as follows:
- Inoculation is carried out on the surface on chloramphenicol glucose agar (Biokar (trade mark)) previously cast in petri dishes with a determined amount of mother suspension and / or decimal dilutions of the sample.
- the enumeration is performed after incubation of the aerobic boxes at 25 +/- 1 ° C for 5 days.
- the result is expressed in decimal log of colony forming units per gram of yeast (log (cfu) / g).
- the level of mesophilic lactic acid bacteria was determined according to the reference standard NF ISO 15214 (classification index V 08-030), reference method, as follows: Seeding is done on the surface on MRS agar (Biokar (trade mark)) previously cast in petri dishes with a determined quantity of mother suspension and / or decimal dilutions of the sample. The count is performed after incubation of the plates under anaerobic conditions at 30 ° C for 72 to 120 hours. The result is expressed in decimal log of colony forming units per gram of yeast (log (cfu) / g).
- the growth measurements at 5 o'clock and at 6 o'clock were determined using a Bühler growth meter consisting of a test tube graduated from 1 to 7, 0.2 by 0.2 mm, in accordance with the standard NF X03-716. At the end of the kneading, 20 g of bread dough are taken and placed in the Bühler measuring device so as to have a flat surface. The volume of growth is recorded every hour until 6 hours of growth.
- the volume of breads (in cm 3 ) is determined with a Chopin volumeter.
- the weight of the bread is measured with a Mettler Toledo® model VIPER SW 6 scale.
- the mass volume is the ratio between the volume and the weight of the bread, it is expressed in cm3 / g.
- the leaven once produced, can be used as it is, or stored in positive or negative cold, or dehydrated by any process that eliminates water by keeping the microorganisms alive such as freeze-drying or any other technique or it can be maintained as many times as necessary, in order to keep the ecosystem in an active state and thus spread the fermentation and retain the characteristics of the leaven.
- the leaven can be used to produce all pasta requiring fermentation like bread and all its variants, campaign, cereal, tradition, corn, baguette etc., bread, buns and derivatives, pastries, brioches, croissants, panettone and their variants, pizza dough. These pasta can be notably:
- the leavened bread (responding to the 1993 bread order) obtained has a typical taste of fermentation, it has a thick crust, golden and crispy.
- the normal bread ie bread not obtained by the leavened bread recipe
- the leaven according to the invention represents 5 to 40%, and preferably 10 to 15%, of the weight of the flour used to make normal bread.
- the improved starter according to the invention represents from 0.5 to 5%, and preferably from 1 to 3%, of the weight of the low ash flour (substrate) used to make bread. leaven.
- the brioche also has a thin crust, golden and shiny, a light and melting crumb, milky flavors of butter and cream, without acid taste.
- Step 1 Clean the fermentable matrix with water (any type of water) at a temperature between 10 and 30 ° C. Cleaning can be done by: 1 / placing the fermentable matrix in a container, then immersing it in the water (completely covering the matrix with water), then draining it with a sieve, a skimmer or a strainer (turn the container upside down to empty the water, while recovering the fermentable matrix) or 2 / by placing the fermentable matrix in a perforated container (colander, sieve, skimmer, etc.) or holding it by hand and then pouring water on the matrix (any type of water, any flow of water) so that the water rinses the matrix, then flows immediately.
- the objective of this step is to remove impurities from the fermentable matrix.
- the cleaning operation must be repeated until a clear (translucent) rinse water is obtained, that is to say that the water flowing out when draining (case 1) or post rinse (case 2) must be identical to clean water used for cleaning.
- Step 2 Drain the matrix that has been cleaned by placing it in a perforated container to let the water drip naturally or by squeezing it out with any system that separates the water from the matrix.
- Step 3 Immerse the fermentable matrix drained in water (any type of water) at a temperature between 10 and 35 ° C. Add the water so as to immerse the matrix at least half the height / volume it occupies in the container and at most, preferably up to ten times the amount of matrix used (example: for 2 kg of matrix, it is possible to add up to 20 kg of water).
- step 4 the matrix is placed in a container and then step 4 is carried out.
- the residual water absorbed by the grains is sufficient to initiate a fermentation process.
- the amount of residual water must be between 200 g and 1.5 kg (beyond this, it is immersed, the case above).
- Step 4 Incubate this cleaned matrix between 15 and 35 ° C for 18 to 168 h, preferably between 20 and 30 ° C and more preferably at 25 ° C, preferably 24 h to 5 days and more preferably 48 to 72 h.
- the incubated matrix is immersed, check for the presence of several bubbles on the surface of the liquid. This means that the fermentation of the fermentable material is effective and the liquid (called juice) contains a microflora composed at least of yeasts and lactic acid bacteria.
- step 5 If the incubated matrix has not been immersed, go directly to step 5.
- Step 5 Recover only the liquid phase (called juice) using any equipment that separates the liquid part of the solid part of a matrix.
- juice any equipment that separates the liquid part of the solid part of a matrix.
- step 5 it is preferable to carry out the intermediate steps 6 to 8, because they make it possible to establish a stable ecosystem composed of lactic acid bacteria and yeasts. If we go directly to step 9, it is recommended to apply a moderate aeration so as not to disadvantage the lactic flora composed of anaerobic bacteria, which could unbalance the ecosystem.
- Step 6 Place the juice in a container (any type of food grade container) of any shape, size and material.
- the substrate may be flour or any other fraction of cereals or pseudo-cereals or legumes.
- the mixture can be produced using any means or equipment, manual or mechanical, which makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous (homogeneous: the number of agglomerates / aggregates will not exceed 50% by weight of the mixture).
- the dry matter (DM) of the mixture produced must be between 15 and 60% weight, preferably between 40 and 50% and better still between 42 and 46%.
- Step 7 Place the mixture obtained at the end of step 6 in a container (any type of container meeting the food standards) of any type of shape, size and material.
- substrate + water any type of water
- substrate + water any type of water
- the mixture can be produced using any means or equipment, manual or mechanical, which makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous (homogeneous: the number of agglomerates / aggregates must not exceed 50% by weight of the mixture).
- the MS of the final mixture should be between 15 and 60% by weight, preferably between 40 and 50% and more preferably between 42 and 46%.
- Step 8 Same as step 7.
- Step 9 Place the medium obtained at the end of step 8 in a container (any type of container meeting the food standards) of any type of shape, size and material.
- substrate + water any type of water
- the mixture can be produced using any means or equipment, manual or mechanical, which makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous (homogeneous: the number of agglomerates / aggregates must not exceed 50% by weight of the mixture).
- the MS of the final mixture should be between 15 and 60% by weight, preferably between 40 and 50% and more preferably between 42 and 46%.
- stirring can be permanent or discontinuous, at any speed and with air or oxygen injection using any type of equipment or technology that can inject air, oxygen or a mixture of gases containing oxygen.
- the air injection is from below.
- Air dry preferably deoiled
- Air can be injected into a sparger at the bottom of the tank at a pressure, for example 8.5 bar, and a flow rate ranging from 0.01 m 3 / h / kg of mixture to 10 m 3 / h / kg of mixture according to its consistency, preferably with a flow rate of between 0.01 and 1 m 3 / h / kg of mixture.
- Step 10 Place the medium obtained at the end of step 9 in a container (any type of container meeting the food standards) of any type of shape, size and material.
- substrate + water represents between 25 and 75% of the final volume, preferably between 33 and 66% and better still 50%.
- the mixture can be produced using any means or equipment, manual or mechanical, which makes it possible to obtain a homogeneous (homogeneous: the number of agglomerates / aggregates must not exceed 50% by weight of the mixture).
- the MS of the final mixture should be between 15 and 60% by weight, preferably between 40 and 50% and more preferably between 42 and 46%.
- stirring can be permanent or discontinuous, at any speed.
- Step 11 Same as step 10.
- steps 9, 10 and 11 are to promote the development of yeast flora and, in general, to allow the installation of the microbial ecosystem and the physico-chemical characteristics of the leaven, obtaining the yeast according to the invention, but not perfected.
- Step 12 To produce an improved starter, which is suitable both for the manufacture of a normal bread and for the manufacture of leavened bread, the most preferred values will preferably be taken in the previous steps and the following will be added.
- step 12 which repeats step 11, except that the MS of the final mixture will be between 30 and 60%, preferably between 40 and 53%, especially between 45 and 50%, and step 12 may be repeated at at least three times. This repetition is favorable to the production of improved leavening.
- the substrate (flour) should have an ash content of> 0.75%, preferably between 0.75 and 1% by weight (percentage based on the dry matter of the flour).
- the ash content is measured by incineration according to standard NF EN ISO 2171 on 5 g +/- 0.1 mg of flour weighed precisely. The result is expressed as a percentage by mass relative to the dry matter.
- PP polypropylene
- Wheat grain washing The grains immersed in the water were then rubbed with their hands for 10 minutes, then the water was evacuated. 30 liters of tap water at 15 ° C are added again, then the grains rubbed again by friction with the hands (this operation is repeated five times in succession).
- the 6 kg of washed and drained wheat grains are placed in a PP bucket for food contact.
- the bucket is placed in an oven at 25 ° C for 67 hours.
- the preparation is drained by manual pressing through a stainless steel conical Chinese so as to separate the liquid phase (juice) grains. Only the liquid phase is retained.
- Homogenization of the mixture is carried out with a rotor-stator stirrer at 1500 rpm for 10 min.
- the preparation is kept at 25 ° C for 24 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 47.5% and the temperature 25 ° C
- the mixture is homogenized with a rotor-stator at 1500 rpm for 10 minutes.
- the preparation is kept at 25 ° C for 24 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 42.5% and the temperature was 24.9 ° C
- Homogenization of the mixture is carried out with a rotor-stator stirrer at 1500 rpm for 10 min. The preparation is then maintained at 25 ° C. for 48 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 34.4% and the temperature 26.8 ° C.
- Homogenization of the mixture is carried out with a rotor-stator stirrer at 1500 rpm for 15 minutes.
- the preparation is then fermented at 15 ° C. for 96 hours, with central stirring at 250 rpm and counter-rotating (scraper) at 30 rpm and under continuous aeration by injecting compressed dry air deoiled by a sparger at the bottom of the tank at a pressure of 6 bar and a flow rate of 100 Nl / min (Nl / min: air relaxed at the Normal Reference Atmosphere).
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 33.51%.
- Homogenization of the mixture is carried out with a rotor-stator stirrer at 1500 rpm for 15 minutes.
- the preparation is then fermented at 15 ° C. for 24 h, with central stirring at 250 rpm and counter-rotating (scraper) at 30 rpm and under continuous aeration by injecting compressed dry air deoiled by a sparger at the bottom of the tank. a pressure of 6 bar and flow rate of 100 Nl / min.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 34.85%, the temperature was 16.2 ° C.
- Homogenization of the mixture is carried out with a rotor-stator stirrer at 1500 rpm for 15 minutes.
- the preparation is then fermented at 15 ° C. for 24 hours, with central stirring at 250 rpm and contra-rotating (scraper) at 30 rpm and under continuous aeration by injecting compressed dry air deoiled by a sparger at the bottom of the tank. at a pressure of 6 bar and flow rate of 100Nl / min.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 34.09%, the temperature was 17.3 ° C. 40 kg of preparation are kept.
- Homogenization of the mixture is carried out with a rotor-stator stirrer at 1500 rpm for 15 minutes.
- the preparation is then fermented at 15 ° C for 96h, with central stirring at 250rpm and counter-rotating (scraper) at 30rpm and under continuous aeration by injecting compressed dry air deoiled by a sparger at the bottom of the tank. a pressure of 6 bar and flow rate of 100Nl / min.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 35.8%, the temperature 17.3 ° C.
- the preparation is cooled to 4 ° C and stored at 4 ° C.
- Wheat grain washing The grains immersed in the water were then rubbed with their hands for 10 minutes, then the water was evacuated. 5 liters of tap water at 15 ° C are added again, then the grains rubbed again by friction with the hands (this operation is repeated five times in succession).
- the kilo of washed and drained wheat grains are placed in a PP bucket for food contact.
- the bucket is placed in an oven at 25 ° C for 67 hours.
- the preparation is drained by manual pressing through a stainless steel conical Chinese so as to separate the liquid phase (juice) grains. Only the liquid phase is retained.
- 1,750 g of juice are weighed in a PP bucket for food contact.
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 25 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 47.5% and the temperature 25 ° C
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 25 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 42.5% and the temperature was 24.9 ° C
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 25 ° C. for 48 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 34.4% and the temperature 26.8 ° C
- 500 g of preparation are weighed in a PP bucket for food contact.
- Homogenization of the mixture is carried out using a Kitchenaid 5KSM45 robot with flat beater, in speed 1 for 2 min.
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 15 ° C. for 96 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 65.44%
- 500 g of preparation are weighed in a PP bucket for food contact.
- Homogenization of the mixture is carried out using a Kitchenaid 5KSM45 robot with flat beater, in speed 1 for 2 min.
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 15 ° C for 24 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 70.26% and the temperature was 15.2 ° C 500 g of preparation are weighed in a PP bucket for food contact.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 47.5% and the temperature was 25 ° C.
- Homogenization of the mixture is carried out using a Kitchenaid 5KSM45 robot with flat beater, in speed 1 for 2 min.
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 15 ° C for 24 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 71.14%, the temperature 15.4 ° C.
- 500 g of preparation are weighed in a PP bucket for food contact.
- Homogenization of the mixture is carried out using a Kitenchaid 5KSM45 robot with flat beater, in speed 1 for 2 minutes.
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 15 ° C. for 96 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 70.9%, the temperature was 14.6 ° C.
- the preparation is placed in a climatic chamber at 4 ° C to be cooled and stored at 4 ° C.
- Wheat grain washing The grains immersed in the water were then rubbed with their hands for 10 minutes, then the water was evacuated. 5 liters of tap water at 15 ° C are added again, then the grains rubbed again by friction with the hands (this operation is repeated five times in succession).
- the kilo of washed and drained wheat grains are placed in a PP bucket for food contact.
- the bucket is placed in an oven at 25 ° C for 67 hours.
- the preparation is drained by manual pressing through a stainless steel conical Chinese so as to separate the liquid phase (juice) grains. Only the liquid phase is retained.
- 1,750 g of juice are weighed in a PP bucket for food contact.
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 25 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 43.2% and the temperature 25 ° C
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 25 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 43.9% and the temperature 25 ° C
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 25 ° C. for 48 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 42.7% and the temperature 26.2 ° C
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 25 ° C. for 96 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 33.3% 1000 g of preparation are weighed in a PP bucket for food contact.
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 25 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 34.99% and the temperature 25 ° C
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 25 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 34.53%, the temperature 24.8 ° C.
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 25 ° C. for 96 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 34.30%, and the temperature was 25.1 ° C.
- the preparation is placed in a climatic chamber at 4 ° C to be cooled and stored at 4 ° C. This leaven will be used later for bread, brioche and panettone applications.
- Wheat grain washing The grains immersed in the water were then rubbed with their hands for 10 minutes, then the water was evacuated. 5 liters of tap water at 15 ° C are added again, then the grains rubbed again by friction with the hands (this operation is repeated five times in succession).
- the 1.5 kg of washed and drained wheat grains are placed in a PP bucket for food contact.
- the bucket is placed in an oven at 25 ° C for 67 hours.
- the preparation is drained by manual pressing through a stainless steel conical Chinese so as to separate the liquid phase (juice) grains. Only the liquid phase is retained.
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 25 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 44.8% and the temperature 26.1 ° C
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 25 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 25 ° C. for 48 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 44.6% and the temperature 25.6 ° C
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 35.18% and the temperature 8.2 ° C
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 8 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 35.1% and the temperature was 7.8 ° C
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 8 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 35.06%, the temperature was 8.2 ° C.
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 8 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 35.42%, the temperature 8 ° C.
- the preparation is then placed in an oven at 8 ° C. for 24 hours.
- the MS of the fermented preparation was 36.64%, the temperature was 8.2 ° C.
- the preparation is placed in a climatic chamber at 4 ° C to be cooled and stored at 4 ° C.
- Leavened bread was prepared with 1% by weight on the weight of flour of a leaven according to the invention and 5% by weight on the weight of flour of a commercial leaven claiming to obtain leavened bread without addition of yeast. Results were obtained in accordance with French legislation (Decree No. 93-1074 of 13 September 1993).
- leavened bread During the production of leavened bread, the endogenous production of organic acids is evaluated on the raw bread dough. The analysis of leavened bread (cooked) is performed only on the crumb. 25 g of crumb or paste are taken, then 225 ml of osmosis water are added precisely. The mixture is homogenized for 5 minutes using an ultra-turrax (IKA (trademark) DI 25 basic) at 20,000 rpm.
- IKA ultra-turrax
- the pH measurement is carried out on this mixture, with stirring, with a Mettler Toldeo (trademark) model G20 pH meter.
- This table shows the monitoring for the production of endogenous acids during the production of sourdough bread.
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- Micro-Organisms Or Cultivation Processes Thereof (AREA)
Abstract
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
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| CN201980010019.5A CN111655036B (zh) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-01-31 | 酸面团及其生产方法 |
| SG11202006365TA SG11202006365TA (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-01-31 | Sourdough and process for producing same |
| ES19704561T ES3057610T3 (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-01-31 | Sourdough and process for producing same |
| IL276111A IL276111B2 (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-01-31 | Light and the process for its production |
| EP19704561.0A EP3745867B1 (fr) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-01-31 | Levain et son procede de production |
| AU2019216357A AU2019216357B2 (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-01-31 | Sourdough and process for producing same |
| RU2020126381A RU2787043C2 (ru) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-01-31 | Закваска и способ ее изготовления |
| PL19704561.0T PL3745867T3 (pl) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-01-31 | Zakwas i proces jego wytwarzania |
| US16/963,721 US11856959B2 (en) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-01-31 | Sourdough and process for producing same |
| CA3084897A CA3084897C (fr) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-01-31 | Levain et son procédé de production |
| JP2020536622A JP7308837B2 (ja) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-01-31 | サワー種及びその製造方法 |
| MX2020006440A MX2020006440A (es) | 2018-01-31 | 2019-01-31 | Masa madre y proceso de produccion de la misma. |
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| CONC2020/0009339A CO2020009339A2 (es) | 2018-01-31 | 2020-07-28 | Masa madre y proceso de producción de la misma |
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| FR1870101A FR3077181B1 (fr) | 2018-01-31 | 2018-01-31 | Levain et son procede de production |
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| EP (1) | EP3745867B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP7308837B2 (fr) |
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| CN (1) | CN111655036B (fr) |
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| SG (1) | SG11202006365TA (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2019149839A1 (fr) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113615718A (zh) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-09 | 北京市好利来食品有限公司 | 一种使用酵母发酵生产糕点的设备及生产方法 |
| EP4201211A1 (fr) | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-28 | Silvio Umberto Lettrari | Cultures de pâtes au levain et leurs procédés de fabrication |
| RU2836837C1 (ru) * | 2024-01-23 | 2025-03-24 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тамбовский государственный технический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "ТГТУ") | Способ производства хмелевой закваски |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| RU2758306C1 (ru) * | 2020-12-16 | 2021-10-28 | Дмитрий Петрович Беспалов | Способ приготовления хлеба бездрожжевого |
| CN115804398B (zh) * | 2021-09-14 | 2024-10-29 | 安琪酵母股份有限公司 | 风味组合物及其制备方法、面包 |
| CN115943980A (zh) * | 2021-10-08 | 2023-04-11 | 中粮海嘉(厦门)面业有限公司 | 一种全麦法棍及其制作方法 |
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| FR2553789B1 (fr) * | 1983-10-21 | 1986-10-17 | Philibert Michel | Procede de fabrication d'un levain naturel et levain naturel obtenu suivant le procede |
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| CN103652601B (zh) * | 2013-11-26 | 2015-04-22 | 浙江大学 | 一种发酵酸面团制作馒头的方法 |
| CN104757043A (zh) * | 2015-04-09 | 2015-07-08 | 福建省麦都食品发展有限公司 | 天然酵母中种面团及其制作方法 |
-
2018
- 2018-01-31 FR FR1870101A patent/FR3077181B1/fr active Active
-
2019
- 2019-01-31 MA MA052995A patent/MA52995A/fr unknown
- 2019-01-31 PE PE2020000865A patent/PE20210935A1/es unknown
- 2019-01-31 EP EP19704561.0A patent/EP3745867B1/fr active Active
- 2019-01-31 SG SG11202006365TA patent/SG11202006365TA/en unknown
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- 2019-01-31 MX MX2020006440A patent/MX2020006440A/es unknown
- 2019-01-31 US US16/963,721 patent/US11856959B2/en active Active
- 2019-01-31 PL PL19704561.0T patent/PL3745867T3/pl unknown
- 2019-01-31 WO PCT/EP2019/052418 patent/WO2019149839A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2019-01-31 IL IL276111A patent/IL276111B2/en unknown
- 2019-01-31 ES ES19704561T patent/ES3057610T3/es active Active
- 2019-01-31 JP JP2020536622A patent/JP7308837B2/ja active Active
- 2019-01-31 CA CA3084897A patent/CA3084897C/fr active Active
- 2019-01-31 KR KR1020207023453A patent/KR102821436B1/ko active Active
- 2019-01-31 CN CN201980010019.5A patent/CN111655036B/zh active Active
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2020
- 2020-06-10 CL CL2020001545A patent/CL2020001545A1/es unknown
- 2020-07-28 CO CONC2020/0009339A patent/CO2020009339A2/es unknown
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| FR2687544A1 (fr) * | 1989-12-26 | 1993-08-27 | Biremont Gerald | Pain eleve aux ferments naturels de fruits et notamment de raisin, et son procede de fabrication. |
| WO1999066801A1 (fr) * | 1996-12-23 | 1999-12-29 | Christophe Zunic | Procede de production continue et de stockage de levain naturel liquide |
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Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113615718A (zh) * | 2021-08-23 | 2021-11-09 | 北京市好利来食品有限公司 | 一种使用酵母发酵生产糕点的设备及生产方法 |
| EP4201211A1 (fr) | 2021-12-22 | 2023-06-28 | Silvio Umberto Lettrari | Cultures de pâtes au levain et leurs procédés de fabrication |
| RU2836837C1 (ru) * | 2024-01-23 | 2025-03-24 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Тамбовский государственный технический университет" (ФГБОУ ВО "ТГТУ") | Способ производства хмелевой закваски |
| RU2856953C1 (ru) * | 2025-01-10 | 2026-02-25 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение "Калининградский государственный технический университет" | Способ приготовления закваски |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| PL3745867T3 (pl) | 2026-03-02 |
| IL276111A (en) | 2020-08-31 |
| JP2021512593A (ja) | 2021-05-20 |
| CO2020009339A2 (es) | 2020-10-30 |
| KR102821436B1 (ko) | 2025-06-19 |
| CL2020001545A1 (es) | 2020-10-02 |
| ES3057610T3 (en) | 2026-03-03 |
| SG11202006365TA (en) | 2020-08-28 |
| MX2020006440A (es) | 2020-09-17 |
| RU2020126381A (ru) | 2022-02-07 |
| IL276111B2 (en) | 2025-10-01 |
| CA3084897C (fr) | 2025-05-20 |
| CN111655036B (zh) | 2024-10-18 |
| BR112020012634A2 (pt) | 2020-12-01 |
| EP3745867A1 (fr) | 2020-12-09 |
| AU2019216357A1 (en) | 2020-07-23 |
| JP7308837B2 (ja) | 2023-07-14 |
| PE20210935A1 (es) | 2021-05-21 |
| FR3077181A1 (fr) | 2019-08-02 |
| CA3084897A1 (fr) | 2019-08-08 |
| US20210076689A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 |
| FR3077181B1 (fr) | 2022-08-12 |
| KR20200111723A (ko) | 2020-09-29 |
| US11856959B2 (en) | 2024-01-02 |
| CN111655036A (zh) | 2020-09-11 |
| AU2019216357B2 (en) | 2024-03-21 |
| IL276111B1 (en) | 2025-06-01 |
| EP3745867C0 (fr) | 2025-11-12 |
| MA52995A (fr) | 2021-05-05 |
| EP3745867B1 (fr) | 2025-11-12 |
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