WO2019167722A1 - 粉末冶金用鉄粉 - Google Patents
粉末冶金用鉄粉 Download PDFInfo
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- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/58—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with more than 1.5% by weight of manganese
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- C22C33/02—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C33/0257—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements
- C22C33/0264—Making ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy characterised by the range of the alloying elements the maximum content of each alloying element not exceeding 5%
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- C22C38/002—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing In, Mg, or other elements not provided for in one single group C22C38/001 - C22C38/60
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- C22C38/004—Very low carbon steels, i.e. having a carbon content of less than 0,01%
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- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/08—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing nickel
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/12—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing tungsten, tantalum, molybdenum, vanadium, or niobium
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
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- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
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- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
- B22F2009/0828—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid with water
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- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/35—Iron
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- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
- B22F2998/10—Processes characterised by the sequence of their steps
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- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
Definitions
- the present invention relates to iron powder for powder metallurgy.
- Powder metallurgy is widely used in which metal parts are formed by sintering metal powders after compacting.
- the mechanical strength of the obtained metal sintered body can be increased by increasing the density of the green compact, that is, by reducing the porosity of the green compact.
- the dimensional accuracy of the resulting sintered metal can be improved and the yield can be increased.
- JP-A-4-173901 describes that the density of the green compact can be increased by relatively increasing the apparent density of the iron powder for powder metallurgy, that is, the bulk specific gravity of the powder in a stationary state.
- this publication further describes that if the apparent density is increased beyond a certain level, the strength of the green compact becomes insufficient.
- the magnitude relation of the apparent density of the iron powder for powder metallurgy having the same composition and the magnitude relation of the density of the green compact However, it turned out that it is not rare to reverse.
- the molding pressure at the time of compacting is increased, the density of the compact is increased and the strength of the compact is improved.
- an increase in the molding pressure causes inconveniences such as shortening the life of the mold, so that the production efficiency of metal parts decreases.
- an object of the present invention is to provide iron powder for powder metallurgy from which a high-strength sintered body can be obtained.
- the iron powder for powder metallurgy according to one embodiment of the present invention made to solve the above-mentioned problems is, C is 0.005 mass% or less, Si is 0.030 mass% or less, P is 0.020 mass% or less, T has a composition in which S is 0.020% by mass or less, O is 0.15% by mass or less, the total of Mn, Ni, Mo and Cr is 3.0% by mass or less, and the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities. density of 3.90 g / cm 3 or more 4.20 g / cm 3 or less.
- the iron powder for powder metallurgy is excellent in compressibility at the time of compaction molding because it is easy to rearrange the iron powder particles so as to be in the closest packed state by setting the tap density within the above range.
- the strength of the finally obtained sintered body is large.
- the content of particles passing through a plain weave wire mesh having an average opening of 45 ⁇ m is preferably 10% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less.
- tap density is a value measured according to JIS-Z2512 (2012).
- the powder metallurgy iron powder according to one embodiment of the present invention has a high density of a green compact, and a high-strength sintered body can be obtained.
- C is 0.005 mass% or less
- Si is 0.030 mass% or less
- P is 0.020 mass% or less
- S is 0.020 mass% or less
- O is 0.15 mass% or less
- the total of Mn, Ni, Mo and Cr is 3.0 mass% or less
- the balance is Fe and inevitable impurities
- the tap density is 3.90 g / cm 3. This is 4.20 g / cm 3 or less.
- C is an element that hardens particles of the iron powder for powder metallurgy.
- C can also harden iron powder particles by combining with other impurities to form fine carbides. If the iron powder particles become hard, it becomes difficult to be deformed at the time of compacting, so that the moldability is lowered and the density of the compact is lowered. Therefore, the upper limit of the C content in the iron powder for powder metallurgy is 0.005% by mass, preferably 0.003% by mass, and more preferably 0.002% by mass.
- Si is an element that easily binds to oxygen, and forms an oxide film on the particle surface of the iron powder for powder metallurgy. Since the oxide film made of Si is not easy to reduce, the strength of the obtained sintered body is lowered. Moreover, since Si has the effect
- P is an element that hardens iron powder particles and lowers compressibility. For this reason, as an upper limit of content of P, it is 0.020 mass%, 0.017 mass% is preferable, and 0.015 mass% is further more preferable.
- S is an element that hardens iron powder particles and lowers compressibility. For this reason, as an upper limit of content of S, it is 0.020 mass%, 0.015 mass% is preferable, and 0.010 mass% is further more preferable.
- O is an element that hardens iron powder particles and lowers compressibility. For this reason, as an upper limit of content of O, it is 0.15 mass%, 0.12 mass% is preferable, and 0.10 mass% is more preferable.
- Mn manganese
- Ni nickel
- Mo molybdenum
- Cr chromium
- Mn manganese
- Ni, Mo and Cr elements added to improve the strength of a sintered body obtained by compacting and sintering the iron powder for powder metallurgy.
- the content of these elements becomes too large, the iron powder particles become too hard and the compressibility may be insufficient.
- an upper limit of total content of Mn, Ni, Mo, and Cr it is 3.0 mass%, 2.5 mass% is preferable and 2.0 mass% is more preferable.
- the tap density is an index representing the ease of rearrangement of iron powder particles. If the true specific gravity is constant, the larger the tap density value, the easier the iron powder particles are rearranged into a packed state with a smaller porosity. For this reason, the higher the tap density, the higher the compressibility and the easier the compacting, and a compact with a higher density can be obtained at a relatively low pressure. On the other hand, when the tap density is excessively large, the adhesion between the iron powder particles is insufficient, and the strength of the obtained green compact may be insufficient.
- the lower limit of the tap density of the powder metallurgical iron powder a 3.90 g / cm 3, preferably 3.95g / cm 3, 3.97g / cm 3 is more preferable.
- the upper limit of the tap density of the powder metallurgical iron powder a 4.20 g / cm 3, preferably 4.15g / cm 3, 4.10g / cm 3 is more preferable.
- the upper limit of the content of particles passing through a plain weave wire mesh with an average opening of 45 ⁇ m in the iron powder for powder metallurgy is preferably 20% by mass, and more preferably 18% by mass. If the content of particles passing through a plain weave wire mesh with an average opening of 45 ⁇ m in the powder metallurgy iron powder is less than the lower limit, the strength of the sintered body of the powder metallurgy iron powder may be insufficient. Conversely, when the content of particles passing through a plain weave wire mesh with an average opening of 45 ⁇ m in the iron powder for powder metallurgy exceeds the above upper limit, the strength of the green compact finally obtained may be insufficient.
- ⁇ Dense density> As a lower limit of the density of the green compact obtained when 0.75% by mass of zinc stearate is added to the iron powder for powder metallurgy and molded at a molding pressure of 7 tf / cm 2 , 7.20 g / cm 3 is Preferably, 7.22 g / cm 3 is more preferable. If the density of the green compact is less than the lower limit, the strength of the finally obtained sintered body may be insufficient.
- Rattler value which is an index of the strength of a green compact obtained by adding 0.75% by mass of zinc stearate to the iron powder for powder metallurgy and molding at a molding pressure of 7 tf / cm 2 0.75% is preferable, and 0.70% is more preferable. If the Rattler value of the green compact exceeds the upper limit, the green compact strength may be insufficient, and the dimensional accuracy and yield of the sintered body may be insufficient.
- the “Rattler value” is a value measured according to JSPM standard 4-69.
- the iron powder for powder metallurgy includes a water atomizing process in which water is sprayed into molten iron prepared in the above-described composition, and a reducing process in which the powder obtained in the water atomizing process is heated in a reducing gas atmosphere. And a pulverization step of pulverizing the iron powder solidified in the reduction step.
- the tap density of the obtained iron powder for powder metallurgy is adjusted within the above-mentioned range by adjusting the water pressure of the water to be sprayed. Specifically, the tap density of the iron powder for powder metallurgy obtained as the water pressure increases is reduced.
- the iron powder oxidized in the water atomization step is reduced by heating in a reducing gas environment.
- reducing gas for example, hydrogen gas, ammonia gas, or butane gas can be used.
- the iron powder solidified into a cake by the reduction treatment is pulverized by a mill.
- the particle size distribution of the obtained iron powder for powder metallurgy is assumed to conform to the particle size distribution of the iron powder obtained in the water atomization step, thereby ensuring a desired tap density.
- a hammer mill, a feather mill or the like can be used as the mill used in this pulverization step.
- the pulverized iron powder is classified with a wire mesh and large particles are reintroduced into the mill.
- the iron powder for powder metallurgy is excellent in compressibility at the time of compaction molding because it becomes easy to rearrange the iron powder particles so as to increase the apparent density by setting the tap density within the above range. And a green compact having sufficient strength can be obtained. For this reason, the sintered compact with a large intensity
- Molten iron was prepared using an electric furnace, and the molten iron flowed down from the electric furnace was pulverized by a water atomization method in which water was injected into the molten iron.
- the obtained iron powder is dehydrated and dried, and the coarse powder is removed by a wire mesh having a mesh opening of 425 ⁇ m, followed by a reduction treatment in a temperature range of 880 ° C. to 980 ° C.
- the iron powder that has been reduced and solidified into a cake is pulverized with a hammer mill and a feather mill, sieved with a wire mesh of 425 ⁇ m, 250 ⁇ m, or 180 ⁇ m. 1-No. 9 was obtained.
- Prototype No. of powder metallurgy powder obtained in this way 1-No.
- Nine compositions were analyzed.
- the contents of C and S were measured using a carbon / sulfur analyzer “CS-244” manufactured by LECO.
- the content of O was measured using an oxygen / nitrogen analyzer “TC-400” manufactured by LECO.
- the content of elements other than C, S, and O was measured using an ICP issuance analyzer “ICPV-5500” manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation.
- the analysis results of the composition of 9 are shown in Table 1.
- prototype No. of iron powder for powder metallurgy 1-No. The particle size distribution of 9 and the tap density were measured. The particle size distribution was measured by a screening test based on JIS-Z8815 (1994). The tap density was measured according to JIS-Z2512 (2012).
- Prototype No. of iron powder for powder metallurgy 1-No. The powder in which zinc stearate 0.75% was added and mixed as a lubricant to No. 9 was compacted at a molding pressure of 7 tf / cm 2 to produce a cylindrical compact with a diameter of 11.28 mm and a height of 10 mm. did.
- the density and Rattler value of the obtained green compact were measured.
- the density of the green compact was measured according to JIS-Z2501 (2000). Further, the Rattler value of the green compact was measured according to JSPM standard 4-69.
- Fig. 1 shows a prototype No. of iron powder for powder metallurgy.
- 1-No. 9 shows the relationship between the tap density and the density of the green compact
- FIG. The relationship between the tap density of 1 to 9 and the Rattler value of the green compact is shown.
- the tap density, the density of the green compact, and the Rattler value are all in a substantially proportional relationship. More specifically, the density of the green compact is set to 7.20 g / cm 3 or more at which sufficient strength can be obtained after sintering, and the Rattler value of the green compact is 0.75% in which cracks and chips are within an allowable range. the order or less, that the tap density of the powder metallurgy iron powder may be set to 3.90 g / cm 3 or more 4.20 g / cm 3 or less was confirmed.
- the iron powder for powder metallurgy according to one embodiment of the present invention can be suitably used for manufacturing mechanical parts such as gears.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の一実施形態に係る粉末冶金用鉄粉は、Cが0.005質量%以下、Siが0.030質量%以下、Pが0.020質量%以下、Sが0.020質量%以下、Oが0.15質量%以下、Mn、Ni、Mo及びCrの合計が3.0質量%以下、且つ残部がFe及び不可避不純物である組成を有し、タップ密度が3.90g/cm3以上4.20g/cm3以下である。
Cは、当該粉末冶金用鉄粉の粒子を硬化させる元素である。また、Cは、他の不純物と結合して微細な炭化物を形成することによっても、鉄粉粒子を硬化させ得る。鉄粉粒子が硬くなると、圧粉成形時に変形し難くなるので、成形性が低下して圧粉体の密度が低下する。このため、当該粉末冶金用鉄粉におけるCの含有量の上限としては、0.005質量%であり、0.003質量%が好ましく、0.002質量%がより好ましい。
Siは、酸素と結合しやすい元素であり、当該粉末冶金用鉄粉の粒子表面に酸化皮膜を形成する。このSiによる酸化皮膜は還元が容易でないので、得られる焼結体の強度を低下させる。またSiは、鉄粉粒子を硬化させる作用を有するため、当該粉末冶金用鉄粉の圧縮性(圧粉体の密度及び強度)を低下させる。このため、Siの含有量の上限としては、0.030質量%であり、0.020質量%が好ましく、0.015質量%がより好ましい。
Pは、鉄粉粒子を硬化させて、圧縮性を低下させる元素である。このため、Pの含有量の上限としては、0.020質量%であり、0.017質量%が好ましく、0.015質量%がさらに好ましい。
Sは、鉄粉粒子を硬化させて、圧縮性を低下させる元素である。このため、Sの含有量の上限としては、0.020質量%であり、0.015質量%が好ましく、0.010質量%がさらに好ましい。
Oは、鉄粉粒子を硬化させて、圧縮性を低下させる元素である。このため、Oの含有量の上限としては、0.15質量%であり、0.12質量%が好ましく、0.10質量%がさらに好ましい。
Mn、Ni、Mo及びCrは、当該粉末冶金用鉄粉を圧粉成形及び焼結して得られる焼結体の強度を向上するために添加される元素である。ただし、これらの元素の含有量が大きくなり過ぎると、鉄粉粒子が硬くなり過ぎて圧縮性が不十分となるおそれがある。このため、Mn、Ni、Mo及びCrの合計含有量の上限としては、3.0質量%であり、2.5質量%が好ましく、2.0質量%がさらに好ましい。
タップ密度は、鉄粉粒子の再配列のしやすさを表す指標である。真比重が一定であるとすると、タップ密度の値が大きいほど、鉄粉粒子がより緻密で空隙率が小さい充填状態に再配列されやすい。このため、タップ密度が大きい程、圧縮性が高く、圧粉成形が容易であり、比較的低い圧力でより密度が大きい圧粉体を得ることができる。一方、タップ密度が過度に大きくなると、鉄粉粒子同士の接着性が不足し、得られる圧粉体の強度が不十分となるおそれがある。このため、当該粉末冶金用鉄粉のタップ密度の下限としては、3.90g/cm3であり、3.95g/cm3が好ましく、3.97g/cm3がより好ましい。一方、当該粉末冶金用鉄粉のタップ密度の上限としては、4.20g/cm3であり、4.15g/cm3が好ましく、4.10g/cm3がより好ましい。
当該粉末冶金用鉄粉における平均目開き45μmの平織り金網を通過する粒子の含有率の下限としては、10質量%が好ましく、12質量%がより好ましい。一方、当該粉末冶金用鉄粉における平均目開き45μmの平織り金網を通過する粒子の含有率の上限としては、20質量%が好ましく、18質量%がより好ましい。当該粉末冶金用鉄粉における平均目開き45μmの平織り金網を通過する粒子の含有率が上記下限に満たない場合、当該粉末冶金用鉄粉の焼結体の強度が不十分となるおそれがある。逆に、当該粉末冶金用鉄粉における平均目開き45μmの平織り金網を通過する粒子の含有率が上記上限を超える場合、最終的に得られる圧粉体の強度が不十分となるおそれがある。
当該粉末冶金用鉄粉にステアリン酸亜鉛を0.75質量%添加して7tf/cm2の成形圧力で成形したときに得られる圧粉体の密度の下限としては、7.20g/cm3が好ましく、7.22g/cm3がより好ましい。上記圧粉体の密度が上記下限に満たない場合、最終的に得られる焼結体の強度が不十分となるおそれがある。
当該粉末冶金用鉄粉に、ステアリン酸亜鉛を0.75質量%添加して、7tf/cm2の成形圧力で成形したときに得られる圧粉体の強度の指標であるラトラー値の上限としては、0.75%が好ましく、0.70%がより好ましい。上記圧粉体のラトラー値が上記上限を超える場合、圧粉体の強度が不足して焼結体の寸法精度や歩留まりが不十分となるおそれがある。なお、「ラトラー値」とは、JSPM標準4-69に準拠して測定される値である。
当該粉末冶金用鉄粉は、上述の組成に調製した溶鉄に水を噴射して粉末化する水アトマイズ工程と、この水アトマイズ工程で得られた粉末を還元性ガス雰囲気中で加熱する還元工程と、還元工程で固化した鉄粉を粉砕する粉砕工程とを備える方法により製造することができる。
上記水アトマイズ工程では、炉から流下する溶鉄に水を噴射することによって微細な鉄粉を得る。この水アトマイズ工程では、噴射する水の水圧を調節することによって、得られる粉末冶金用鉄粉のタップ密度を上述の範囲内に調節する。具体的には、水圧を大きくする程得られる粉末冶金用鉄粉のタップ密度は小さくなる。
上記還元工程では、水アトマイズ工程で酸化した鉄粉を、還元性ガス環境下で加熱することによって還元する。
上記粉砕工程では、上記還元処理によりケーキ状に固化した鉄粉をミルで粉砕する。鉄粉を十分に粉砕することにより、得られる当該粉末冶金用鉄粉の粒度分布を上記水アトマイズ工程において得られた鉄粉の粒度分布に準ずるものとして、所望のタップ密度を担保する。
当該粉末冶金用鉄粉は、タップ密度を上記範囲内としたことによって、見掛密度が大きくなるように鉄粉粒子を再配列することが容易となるので、圧粉成形時の圧縮性に優れ、且つ十分な強度を有する圧粉体を得ることができる。このため、当該粉末冶金用鉄粉を用いることにより、強度が大きい焼結体を効率よく製造することができる。
上記実施形態は、本発明の構成を限定するものではない。従って、上記実施形態は、本明細書の記載及び技術常識に基づいて上記実施形態各部の構成要素の省略、置換又は追加が可能であり、それらは全て本発明の範囲に属するものと解釈されるべきである。
Claims (2)
- Cが0.005質量%以下、
Siが0.030質量%以下、
Pが0.020質量%以下、
Sが0.020質量%以下、
Oが0.15質量%以下、
Mn、Ni、Mo及びCrの合計が3.0質量%以下、且つ
残部がFe及び不可避不純物である組成を有し、
タップ密度が3.90g/cm3以上4.20g/cm3以下である粉末冶金用鉄粉。 - 平均目開き45μmの平織り金網を通過する粒子の含有率が10質量%以上20質量%以下である請求項1に記載の粉末冶金用鉄粉。
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| EP19761704.6A EP3760343B1 (en) | 2018-02-28 | 2019-02-19 | Iron powder for powder metallurgy |
| KR1020207026943A KR102507938B1 (ko) | 2018-02-28 | 2019-02-19 | 분말 야금용 철분 |
| CN201980014359.5A CN111741822B (zh) | 2018-02-28 | 2019-02-19 | 粉末冶金用铁粉 |
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| JP2018034209A JP7057156B2 (ja) | 2018-02-28 | 2018-02-28 | 粉末冶金用鉄粉 |
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| EP (1) | EP3760343B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JP7057156B2 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR102507938B1 (ja) |
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- 2019-02-19 KR KR1020207026943A patent/KR102507938B1/ko active Active
- 2019-02-19 CN CN201980014359.5A patent/CN111741822B/zh active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| KR102507938B1 (ko) | 2023-03-08 |
| KR20200121858A (ko) | 2020-10-26 |
| JP7057156B2 (ja) | 2022-04-19 |
| EP3760343B1 (en) | 2025-07-23 |
| CN111741822B (zh) | 2022-06-03 |
| EP3760343A4 (en) | 2021-11-24 |
| JP2019147997A (ja) | 2019-09-05 |
| EP3760343A1 (en) | 2021-01-06 |
| CN111741822A (zh) | 2020-10-02 |
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