WO2019221256A1 - セルロース微細繊維及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
セルロース微細繊維及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019221256A1 WO2019221256A1 PCT/JP2019/019606 JP2019019606W WO2019221256A1 WO 2019221256 A1 WO2019221256 A1 WO 2019221256A1 JP 2019019606 W JP2019019606 W JP 2019019606W WO 2019221256 A1 WO2019221256 A1 WO 2019221256A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
- C08B15/005—Crosslinking of cellulose derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B5/00—Preparation of cellulose esters of inorganic acids, e.g. phosphates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C05—FERTILISERS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF
- C05B—PHOSPHATIC FERTILISERS
- C05B5/00—Thomas phosphate; Other slag phosphates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
- C08B15/05—Derivatives containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogens or sulfur
- C08B15/06—Derivatives containing elements other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, halogens or sulfur containing nitrogen, e.g. carbamates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08B—POLYSACCHARIDES; DERIVATIVES THEREOF
- C08B15/00—Preparation of other cellulose derivatives or modified cellulose, e.g. complexes
- C08B15/10—Crosslinking of cellulose
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L1/00—Compositions of cellulose, modified cellulose or cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/08—Cellulose derivatives
- C08L1/16—Esters of inorganic acids
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F2/00—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof
- D01F2/24—Monocomponent artificial filaments or the like of cellulose or cellulose derivatives; Manufacture thereof from cellulose derivatives
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/16—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
- D21H11/18—Highly hydrated, swollen or fibrillatable fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H11/00—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only
- D21H11/16—Pulp or paper, comprising cellulose or lignocellulose fibres of natural origin only modified by a particular after-treatment
- D21H11/20—Chemically or biochemically modified fibres
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H15/00—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution
- D21H15/02—Pulp or paper, comprising fibres or web-forming material characterised by features other than their chemical constitution characterised by configuration
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
- D10B2201/00—Cellulose-based fibres, e.g. vegetable fibres
- D10B2201/01—Natural vegetable fibres
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cellulose fine fiber and a method for producing the same.
- pulp which is a cellulosic raw material
- pulp is made into fine cellulose fibers (cellulose nanofibers) by chemical treatment, pulverization treatment, and the like.
- Cellulose fine fibers are excellent in strength, elasticity, thermal stability, etc., for example, filter media, filter aids, ion exchanger base materials, fillers for chromatographic analyzers, fillers for compounding resins and rubbers, etc. And is expected to be used in industrial applications such as lipsticks, powder cosmetics, and emulsified cosmetics.
- Cellulose microfibers are excellent in water-based dispersibility, so they have viscosity retention agents for foods, cosmetics, paints, etc., food material dough strengtheners, moisture retention agents, food stabilizers, low calorie additives, emulsification It is expected to be used in many applications such as stabilizing aids.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a method for producing a fine cellulose fiber with little damage to the cellulose fiber, and it is said that a commercially available blender, mixer or the like can be used for defibrating (stirring) the fiber.
- a commercially available blender, mixer or the like can be used for defibrating (stirring) the fiber.
- a high light transmittance of the dispersion is also an essential condition, and in expanding the use of cellulose fine fibers, avoid the problem of increasing the light transmittance. I can't pass.
- polybasic acid half-esterified cellulose is obtained by introducing a carboxyl group by semi-esterifying a polybasic acid anhydride into a part of the hydroxyl group of cellulose.
- a “preparation” method has been proposed (see Patent Document 2).
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a cellulose fine fiber having a very high light transmittance and viscosity of the dispersion when the cellulose fine fiber is used as a dispersion, and a method for producing the same.
- the present inventors variously examined why the light transmittance and viscosity are insufficient for the method of Patent Document 3 described above. As a result, the inventors have found that there is a point in the amount (molar amount) of phosphorus oxoacid introduced per 1 g of cellulose fiber.
- the same document states that “the introduction amount of the phosphorus oxo acid group in the hydroxy group (—OH group) of cellulose of the fiber raw material is preferably 0.1 to 2.0 mmol per 1 g (mass) of fine fibrous cellulose, and 2 to 1.5 mmol is more preferable ”.
- the amount of the phosphorus oxo acid introduced is not sufficient to simply define the amount of the phosphorus oxo acid to be added.
- the amount of the phosphorus oxo acid group actually introduced also depends on the production conditions. In the case of the method of Patent Document 3, it is considered that the amount of the phosphorus oxo acid group that can be introduced in one reaction is at most 2.0 mmol / g, and at this introduction amount, the light transmission of the dispersion liquid is considered. The degree and viscosity are not sufficient. If the amount of phosphooxo acid introduced in the method of Patent Document 3 exceeds 2.0 mmol, it is necessary to repeat the reaction. Therefore, in the document, the amount of phosphooxo acid introduced exceeds 2.0 mmol in the first place. It is thought that it was not supposed to do so.
- the fiber width is 1 to 200 nm
- a part of the hydroxy group of the cellulose fiber is substituted with a functional group represented by the following structural formula (1) to introduce an ester of a phosphoroxo acid
- the introduction amount of the functional group represented by the structural formula (1) exceeds 2.0 mmol per 1 g of cellulose fiber.
- Cellulose fine fiber characterized by the above.
- At least one of A1, A2,..., An, and A ′ is O ⁇ , and the rest is any one of R, OR, NHR, and none.
- R represents a hydrogen atom, a saturated-linear hydrocarbon group, a saturated-branched hydrocarbon group, a saturated-cyclic hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated-linear hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated-branched hydrocarbon group.
- ⁇ is a cation composed of an organic substance or an inorganic substance.
- ⁇ is none, R, or NHR.
- R represents a hydrogen atom, a saturated-linear hydrocarbon group, a saturated-branched hydrocarbon group, a saturated-cyclic hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated-linear hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated-branched hydrocarbon group.
- ⁇ is a cation composed of an organic substance or an inorganic substance.
- a solution having a pH of less than 3.0 comprising an additive (A) containing at least one of phosphorus oxoacids and metal salts of phosphorus oxoacid and an additive (B) containing at least one of urea and a urea derivative is added to cellulose fibers. Heated, defibrated, The manufacturing method of the cellulose fine fiber characterized by the above-mentioned.
- Hydroxyl salts are also added to the cellulose fiber, and the cellulose fiber is washed after the heating.
- Phosphonic acids are used as a part or all of the phosphorus oxo acids.
- the fine cellulose fiber when a fine cellulose fiber is used as a dispersion, the fine cellulose fiber becomes very high in light transmittance and viscosity, and a method for producing the same.
- This embodiment is an example of the present invention.
- the cellulose fine fiber of this embodiment has a fiber width of 1 to 200 nm, and a part of the hydroxy group (—OH group) of the cellulose fiber is substituted with a functional group represented by the following structural formula (1), thereby An ester is introduced (modified, modified) (esterification), and the amount of the functional group represented by the following structural formula (1) exceeds 2.0 mmol (preferably 2.1 mmol or more) per 1 g of cellulose fiber.
- a part of the hydroxy group of the cellulose fiber is substituted with a carbamate group, and a carbamate (an ester of carbamic acid) is also introduced.
- a, b, m, and n are natural numbers.
- At least one of A1, A2,..., An, and A ′ is O ⁇ , and the rest is any one of R, OR, NHR, and none.
- R represents a hydrogen atom, a saturated-linear hydrocarbon group, a saturated-branched hydrocarbon group, a saturated-cyclic hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated-linear hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated-branched hydrocarbon group.
- ⁇ is a cation composed of an organic substance or an inorganic substance.
- An ester of a phosphorus oxo acid is a compound in which a hydroxyl group (hydroxy group) (—OH) and an oxo group ( ⁇ O) are bonded to a phosphorus atom, and the hydroxyl group gives an acidic proton.
- Phosphooxoesters have a high negative charge. Therefore, when the ester of phosphoroxoacids is introduced, repulsion between cellulose molecules becomes strong and cellulose fibers can be easily defibrated.
- a carbamate is also introduced together with an ester of a phosphorus oxo acid, the light transmittance and viscosity of the dispersion are remarkably improved. In this respect, the carbamate has an amino group.
- carbamate when carbamate is introduced, it interacts with the ester of phosphoroxo acid.
- it is considered that the shearing force of the dispersion is increased and the viscosity is improved.
- an ester of phosphonic acid is more preferable.
- yellowing is reduced, so that the light transmittance of the dispersion in which cellulose fine fibers are dispersed becomes higher.
- the viscosity of the dispersion increases.
- an ester of phosphonic acid is introduced, a part of the hydroxy group (—OH group) of the cellulose fiber is substituted with a functional group represented by the following structural formula (2).
- ⁇ is none, R, or NHR.
- R represents a hydrogen atom, a saturated-linear hydrocarbon group, a saturated-branched hydrocarbon group, a saturated-cyclic hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated-linear hydrocarbon group, an unsaturated-branched hydrocarbon group.
- ⁇ is a cation composed of an organic substance or an inorganic substance.
- the introduction amount of the ester of phosphorus oxo acid or the ester of phosphonic acid is more than 2.0 mmol, preferably 2.1 mmol or more, more preferably 2.2 mmol or more per 1 g of cellulose fine fiber. Moreover, it is 3.4 mmol or less, Preferably it is 3.2 mmol or less, More preferably, it is 3.0 mmol or less. If the introduction amount is 2.0 mmol or less, the light transmittance and viscosity of the dispersion may not be sufficiently increased. On the other hand, if the amount introduced exceeds 3.4 mmol, the cellulose fibers may be dissolved in water.
- the introduction amount of the ester of phosphorus oxo acid is a value evaluated based on elemental analysis.
- elemental analysis X-Max 50-5001 manufactured by Horiba Seisakusho is used.
- the amount of carbamate introduced is preferably 0.06 to 2.34 mmol, more preferably 0.15 to 1.28 mmol, and particularly preferably 0.39 to 1.02 mmol per 1 g of cellulose fine fiber. If the introduction amount is less than 0.06 mmol, the light transmittance and viscosity of the dispersion may not be sufficiently increased. On the other hand, if the amount introduced exceeds 2.34 mmol, the cellulose fibers may be dissolved in water. The amount of carbamate introduced was calculated by the Kjeldahl method.
- the fiber width (average diameter of single fibers) of the fine cellulose fibers is preferably 1 to 200 nm, more preferably 2 to 100 nm, and particularly preferably 3 to 50 nm. If the fiber width is less than 1 nm, the cellulose dissolves in water and may not have physical properties such as strength, rigidity, and dimensional stability as cellulose fine fibers. On the other hand, when the fiber width exceeds 200 nm, it becomes about 1/10 of the wavelength of visible light. Therefore, when cellulose fine fibers are dispersed in water (when used as an aqueous dispersion), visible light is refracted or scattered. May occur and the light transmittance may be considered insufficient.
- the fiber width of the cellulose fine fiber is measured as follows using an electron microscope. First, 100 ml of an aqueous dispersion of cellulose fine fibers having a solid content concentration of 0.01 to 0.1% by mass was filtered with a membrane filter made of Teflon (registered trademark), and once with 100 ml of ethanol and 3 times with 20 ml of t-butanol. Replace. Next, the sample is freeze-dried and coated with osmium. This sample is observed with an electron microscope SEM image at a magnification of 5,000, 10,000, or 30,000 depending on the width of the constituent fibers. In this observation, two diagonal lines are drawn on the observation image, and three straight lines passing through the intersections of the diagonal lines are arbitrarily drawn. Then, the width of a total of 100 fibers intersecting with the three straight lines is visually measured. The median diameter of this measured value is defined as the fiber width.
- the axial ratio (fiber length / fiber width) of the cellulose fine fibers is preferably 3 to 1,000,000, more preferably 6 to 340,000, and particularly preferably 10 to 340,000. If the axial ratio is less than 3, it can no longer be said to be fibrous. On the other hand, if the axial ratio exceeds 1,000,000, the viscosity of the dispersion (slurry) may be too high.
- the crystallinity of the cellulose fine fiber is preferably 50 to 100%, more preferably 60 to 90%, and particularly preferably 65 to 85%. If the crystallinity is less than 50%, the strength and heat resistance may be insufficient.
- the degree of crystallinity can be adjusted by, for example, selection of pulp fibers, pretreatment, defibration, and the like.
- the crystallinity is a value measured by an X-ray diffraction method in accordance with “General Rules for X-ray Diffraction Analysis” of JIS-K0131 (1996).
- the cellulose fine fiber has an amorphous part and a crystalline part, and a crystallinity degree means the ratio of the crystalline part in the whole cellulose fine fiber.
- the light transmittance of the cellulose fine fiber dispersion is preferably 50.0% or more, more preferably 60.0% or more, and particularly preferably 70.0% or more. If the light transmittance is less than 50.0%, the light transmittance may be insufficient.
- the light transmittance of the cellulose fine fiber can be adjusted by, for example, selection of pulp fiber, pretreatment, defibration, and the like.
- the light transmittance is a value obtained by measuring the light transmittance (transmittance of 350 to 880 nm light) of a cellulose fine fiber dispersion of 0.2% (w / v) using a Spectrophotometer U-2910 (Hitachi). .
- the B-type viscosity of the dispersion when the concentration of the fine cellulose fibers is 1% by mass (w / w) is preferably 10 to 300,000 cps, more preferably 1,000 to 200,000 cps, particularly preferably 16, 000-100,000 cps.
- the B-type viscosity is a value measured with respect to an aqueous dispersion of cellulose fine fibers having a solid content concentration of 1% in accordance with “Method for measuring viscosity of liquid” of JIS-Z8803 (2011).
- the B type viscosity is a resistance torque when the slurry is stirred, and the higher the viscosity, the more energy required for stirring.
- an additive (A) containing at least one of a phosphorus oxoacid and a metal salt of a phosphorus oxoacid in a cellulose fiber preferably an additive (B) further containing at least one of urea and a urea derivative.
- a solution having a pH of less than 3 is added and heated to introduce an ester of phosphorus oxoacid, preferably an ester of carbamate and a carbamate, into the cellulose fiber. Then, the cellulose fibers into which the ester of phosphoroic acid is introduced are defibrated to obtain cellulose fine fibers.
- a hydroxide salt is also added to the cellulose fiber, and after heating, the cellulose fiber is washed prior to defibration.
- cellulose fiber As the cellulose fiber, for example, a plant-derived fiber (plant fiber), an animal-derived fiber, a microorganism-derived fiber, or the like can be used. These fibers can be used alone or in combination, if necessary. However, as the cellulose fiber, it is preferable to use a vegetable fiber, and it is more preferable to use a pulp fiber which is a kind of plant fiber. When the cellulose fiber is a pulp fiber, the physical properties of the cellulose fine fiber can be easily adjusted.
- wood pulp made from hardwood, conifers, etc. wood pulp made from hardwood, conifers, etc., non-wood pulp made from straw, bagasse, etc., recovered paper, waste paper pulp made from waste paper, etc. (DIP), etc. should be used. Can do. These fibers can be used alone or in combination.
- wood pulp for example, chemical pulp such as hardwood kraft pulp (LKP) and softwood kraft pulp (NKP), mechanical pulp (TMP), waste paper pulp (DIP) and the like can be used. These pulps can be used alone or in combination.
- LRP hardwood kraft pulp
- NBP softwood kraft pulp
- TMP mechanical pulp
- DIP waste paper pulp
- the hardwood kraft pulp may be hardwood bleached kraft pulp, hardwood unbleached kraft pulp, or hardwood semi-bleached kraft pulp.
- the softwood kraft pulp may be softwood bleached kraft pulp, softwood unbleached kraft pulp, or softwood semi-bleached kraft pulp.
- the waste paper pulp may be magazine waste paper pulp (MDIP), newspaper waste paper pulp (NDIP), corrugated waste paper pulp (WP), or other waste paper pulp.
- the additive (A) contains at least one of a phosphorus oxoacid and a metal salt of a phosphorus oxoacid.
- the additive (A) include phosphoric acid, ammonium dihydrogen phosphate, diammonium hydrogen phosphate, triammonium phosphate, ammonium pyrophosphate, ammonium polyphosphate, lithium dihydrogen phosphate, trilithium phosphate, phosphorus Dilithium oxyhydrogen, lithium pyrophosphate, lithium polyphosphate, sodium dihydrogen phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, trisodium phosphate, sodium pyrophosphate, sodium polyphosphate, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, dipotassium hydrogen phosphate, Tripotassium phosphate, potassium pyrophosphate, potassium polyphosphate, phosphorous acid, sodium hydrogen phosphite, ammonium hydrogen phosphite, potassium hydrogen phosphite, sodium dihydrogen phos
- phosphonic acids are preferably used as part or all of the phosphorus oxo acids. When phosphonic acids are used, yellowing of the cellulose fibers is prevented, so that the light transmittance of the dispersion is further improved.
- the cellulose fiber may be in a dry state, a wet state, or a slurry state.
- the additive (A) may be in a powder state or an aqueous solution.
- the amount of additive (A) added is preferably 1 to 10,000 g, more preferably 100 to 5,000 g, and particularly preferably 300 to 1,500 g per 1 kg of cellulose fiber. If the amount added is less than 1 g, the effect of adding the additive (A) may not be obtained. On the other hand, even if the addition amount exceeds 10,000 g, the effect due to the addition of the additive (A) may reach its peak.
- the additive (B) contains at least one of urea and a urea derivative.
- urea for example, urea, thiourea, biuret, phenylurea, benzylurea, dimethylurea, diethylurea, tetramethylurea and the like can be used.
- urea or urea derivatives can be used alone or in combination. However, it is preferable to use urea.
- Cell refers to a cellulose molecule.
- the amount of additive (B) added is preferably 0.01 to 100 mol, more preferably 0.2 to 20 mol, and particularly preferably 0.5 to 10 mol with respect to 1 mol of additive (A). If the amount added is less than 0.01 mol, the introduction of carbamate may not proceed. On the other hand, even if the addition amount exceeds 100 mol, the effect due to the addition of urea may reach its peak.
- a hydroxide salt particularly sodium hydroxide
- the hydroxide salts facilitate the fibrillation of cellulose fibers due to the osmotic pressure effect.
- the heating temperature when heating the cellulose fiber to which the additive (A) or the additive (B) is added is preferably 100 to 210 ° C, more preferably 100 to 200 ° C, and particularly preferably 100 to 160 ° C. . If the heating temperature is 100 ° C. or higher, an ester of phosphorus oxoacid can be introduced. However, when the heating temperature exceeds 210 ° C., the deterioration of the cellulose proceeds rapidly, which may cause coloring and viscosity reduction. Moreover, when heating temperature exceeds 160 degreeC, there exists a possibility that the B-type viscosity of a cellulose fine fiber may fall, or there exists a possibility that a light transmittance may fall.
- the pH when heating the cellulose fiber to which the additive (A) or additive (B) is added is preferably less than 3.0, more preferably 2.8 or less, and particularly preferably 2.5 or less.
- the lower the pH the easier the introduction of esters and carbamates of phosphorus oxoacids.
- the pH is preferably 2.0 or more, more preferably 2.1 or more.
- the cellulose fiber it is preferable to heat the cellulose fiber to which the additive (A) or the additive (B) is added until the cellulose fiber is dried. Specifically, drying is performed until the moisture content of the cellulose fiber is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 0.1% or less, and particularly preferably 0.001% or less. Of course, the cellulose fiber may be in an absolutely dry state without moisture.
- the heating time of the cellulose fiber to which the additive (A) or the additive (B) is added is, for example, 1 to 1,440 minutes, preferably 10 to 180 minutes, more preferably 30 to 120 minutes. If the heating time is too long, introduction of an ester of phosphorus oxoacid or carbamate may proceed excessively. Moreover, when heating time is too long, there exists a possibility that a cellulose fiber may yellow change.
- a hot air dryer for example, a hot air dryer, a kiln, a heating kneader, a paper machine, a dry pulp machine, or the like can be used. .
- the cellulose fiber Prior to the introduction of the ester or carbamate of the phosphorus oxo acid into the cellulose fiber, or after the introduction of the ester or carbamate of the phosphorus oxo acid, the cellulose fiber can be subjected to a pretreatment such as beating if necessary.
- a pretreatment such as beating if necessary.
- the pretreatment of cellulose fibers can be performed by a physical method or a chemical method, preferably a physical method or a chemical method.
- the pretreatment by the physical method and the pretreatment by the chemical method can be performed simultaneously or separately.
- beating is preferably performed until the freeness of the cellulose fiber is 700 ml or less, more preferably 500 ml or less, and particularly preferably 300 ml or less.
- the freeness of the cellulose fiber is a value measured in accordance with JIS P8121-2 (2012).
- beating can be performed using a refiner, a beater, etc., for example.
- Examples of the pretreatment using a chemical method include hydrolysis of a polysaccharide with an acid (acid treatment), hydrolysis of a polysaccharide with an enzyme (enzyme treatment), swelling of the polysaccharide with an alkali (alkali treatment), and oxidation of the polysaccharide with an oxidizing agent ( Oxidation treatment), reduction of polysaccharides with a reducing agent (reduction treatment), and the like.
- a pretreatment by a chemical method it is preferable to perform an enzyme treatment, and it is more preferable to perform one or more treatments selected from acid treatment, alkali treatment, and oxidation treatment.
- the alkali treatment will be described in detail.
- a method of alkali treatment for example, there is a method of immersing cellulose fibers into which an ester of phosphoroxo acid or the like is introduced in an alkaline solution.
- the alkali compound contained in the alkali solution may be an inorganic alkali compound or an organic alkali compound.
- inorganic alkali compounds include alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxides, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal carbonates, alkali metal or alkaline earth metal phosphorus oxoacid salts, and the like.
- examples of the alkali metal hydroxide include lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, and potassium hydroxide.
- Examples of the alkaline earth metal hydroxide include calcium hydroxide.
- Examples of the alkali metal carbonate include lithium carbonate, lithium hydrogen carbonate, potassium carbonate, potassium hydrogen carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate and the like.
- alkaline earth metal carbonate include calcium carbonate.
- alkali metal phosphate salt examples include lithium phosphate, potassium phosphate, trisodium phosphate, disodium hydrogen phosphate, and the like.
- alkaline earth metal phosphates examples include calcium phosphate and calcium hydrogen phosphate.
- organic alkali compounds include ammonia, aliphatic amines, aromatic amines, aliphatic ammoniums, aromatic ammoniums, heterocyclic compounds and their hydroxides, carbonates, phosphates, and the like.
- the solvent of the alkaline solution may be either water or an organic solvent, but is preferably a polar solvent (polar organic solvent such as water or alcohol), more preferably an aqueous solvent containing at least water.
- polar solvent polar organic solvent such as water or alcohol
- the pH of the alkaline solution at 25 ° C. is preferably 9 or more, more preferably 10 or more, and particularly preferably 11 to 14.
- the pH is 9 or more, the yield of cellulose fine fibers increases.
- pH exceeds 14 the handleability of an alkaline solution will fall.
- the cellulose fibers can be washed using, for example, water or an organic solvent.
- the solid content concentration of the slurry is preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 0.5 to 10% by mass, and particularly preferably 1.0 to 5.0% by mass. If the solid content concentration is within the above range, the fiber can be efficiently defibrated.
- Cellulose fibers can be defibrated by, for example, one or two of a high-pressure homogenizer, a homogenizer such as a high-pressure homogenizer, a stone mill type friction machine such as a grinder or an attritor, a refiner such as a conical refiner or a disc refiner, or various bacteria. More than one means can be selected and used.
- the cellulose fibers are preferably defibrated using an apparatus / method for refining with a water stream, particularly a high-pressure water stream. According to this apparatus and method, the dimensional uniformity and dispersion uniformity of the obtained cellulose fine fiber are very high.
- a grinder that grinds between rotating grindstones is used, it is difficult to uniformly refine the cellulose fiber, and in some cases, a fiber lump that cannot be partially broken may remain.
- the inventors of the present invention used a method of grinding between rotating grindstones and a method of refining with a high-pressure water stream, respectively, when cellulose fibers were defibrated and each obtained fiber was observed with a microscope. It has been found that the fibers obtained by the finer method have a more uniform fiber width.
- the cellulose fiber dispersion is pressurized to, for example, 30 MPa or more, preferably 100 MPa or more, more preferably 150 MPa or more, particularly preferably 220 MPa or more (high pressure condition) with a pressure intensifier, and the pore diameter is 50 ⁇ m or more. It is preferable to carry out by a method of reducing pressure (pressure reduction condition) so that the pressure difference is, for example, 30 MPa or more, preferably 80 MPa or more, more preferably 90 MPa or more.
- the pulp fiber is defibrated by the cleavage phenomenon caused by this pressure difference.
- the high-pressure homogenizer refers to a homogenizer having an ability to eject a slurry of cellulose fibers at a pressure of, for example, 10 MPa or more, preferably 100 MPa or more.
- a high-pressure homogenizer When cellulose fibers are treated with a high-pressure homogenizer, the cellulose fibers collide with each other, pressure difference, microcavitation, etc., and cellulose fibers are effectively defibrated. Therefore, the number of fibrillation treatments can be reduced, and the production efficiency of cellulose fine fibers can be increased.
- the high-pressure homogenizer it is preferable to use one that causes the cellulose fiber slurry to collide in a straight line.
- a counter collision type high-pressure homogenizer Mocrofluidizer / MICROFLUIDIZER (registered trademark), wet jet mill.
- two upstream flow paths are formed so that the pressurized cellulose fiber slurry collides oppositely at the junction.
- the cellulose fiber slurry collides at the junction, and the collided cellulose fiber slurry flows out of the downstream channel.
- the downstream flow path is provided perpendicular to the upstream flow path, and a T-shaped flow path is formed by the upstream flow path and the downstream flow path.
- the fibrillation of the cellulose fibers is preferably carried out so that the average fiber width, average fiber length, crystallinity, etc. of the obtained cellulose fine fibers have desired values or evaluations.
- a test was conducted in which phosphorous acid (phosphonic acid), hydroxide salts (sodium hydroxide) and urea were added to cellulose fibers, heated and washed, and then fibrillated to produce cellulose fine fibers.
- phosphorous acid phosphonic acid
- hydroxide salts sodium hydroxide
- urea urea
- cellulose fibers softwood bleached kraft pulp was used.
- defibration was performed using a high-pressure homogenizer.
- Table 1 shows the addition amounts of phosphorus oxoacid, sodium hydroxide, and urea, the pH of these solutions (reagent A), the heating temperature and time, and the number of fibrillation passes.
- the physical properties of the obtained cellulose fine fibers are shown in Table 2.
- the evaluation methods for the B-type viscosity and the light transmittance were as described above.
- the urea addition amount of 0 mmol / g is “no addition”
- the carbamate group introduction amount of 0 mmol / g in Table 2 is “no introduction”
- “ ⁇ ” in Comparative Example 3 is “ ⁇ ”. It means “not measured”.
- the present invention can be used as a cellulose fine fiber and a production method thereof.
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Abstract
Description
(請求項1に記載の手段)
繊維幅が1~200nmであり、
セルロース繊維のヒドロキシ基の一部が、下記構造式(1)に示す官能基で置換されてリンオキソ酸のエステルが導入されており、
前記構造式(1)に示す官能基の導入量が、セルロース繊維1gあたり2.0mmolを超える、
ことを特徴とするセルロース微細繊維。
[構造式(1)]
A1,A2,・・・,AnおよびA’のうちの少なくとも1つはO-であり、残りはR、OR、NHR、及びなしのいずれかである。Rは、水素原子、飽和-直鎖状炭化水素基、飽和-分岐鎖状炭化水素基、飽和-環状炭化水素基、不飽和-直鎖状炭化水素基、不飽和-分岐鎖状炭化水素基、芳香族基、及びこれらの誘導基のいずれかである。αは有機物又は無機物からなる陽イオンである。
前記セルロース繊維のヒドロキシ基の一部が、カルバメート基で置換されて、カルバメートが導入されている、
請求項1に記載のセルロース微細繊維。
前記セルロース繊維のヒドロキシ基の一部が、下記構造式(2)に示す官能基で置換されて前記リンオキソ酸のエステルとしてホスホン酸のエステルが導入されている、
請求項1又は請求項2に記載のセルロース微細繊維。
[構造式(2)]
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のセルロース微細繊維を製造するにあたり、
セルロース繊維に、リンオキソ酸類及びリンオキソ酸金属塩類の少なくともいずれか一方を含む添加物(A)並びに尿素及び尿素誘導体の少なくともいずれか一方を含む添加物(B)からなるpH3.0未満の溶液を添加し、加熱し、解繊する、
ことを特徴とするセルロース微細繊維の製造方法。
前記セルロース繊維に水酸化塩類も添加するものとし、かつ、前記加熱後に前記セルロース繊維を洗浄する、
請求項4に記載のセルロース微細繊維の製造方法。
前記リンオキソ酸類の一部又は全部として、ホスホン酸類を使用する、
請求項4又は請求項5に記載のセルロース微細繊維の製造方法。
本形態のセルロース微細繊維は、繊維幅が1~200nmであり、かつセルロース繊維のヒドロキシ基(-OH基)の一部が、下記構造式(1)に示す官能基で置換されてリンオキソ酸のエステルが導入(修飾、変性)されており(エステル化)、しかも下記構造式(1)に示す官能基の導入量が、セルロース繊維1gあたり2.0mmol超える(好ましくは2.1mmol以上)ものとされている。より好適には、セルロース繊維のヒドロキシ基の一部がカルバメート基で置換されて、カルバメート(カルバミン酸のエステル)も導入されている。
まず、固形分濃度0.01~0.1質量%のセルロース微細繊維の水分散液100mlをテフロン(登録商標)製メンブレンフィルターでろ過し、エタノール100mlで1回、t-ブタノール20mlで3回溶媒置換する。次に、凍結乾燥し、オスミウムコーティングして試料とする。この試料について、構成する繊維の幅に応じて5,000倍、10,000倍又は30,000倍のいずれかの倍率で電子顕微鏡SEM画像による観察を行う。この観察においては、観察画像に2本の対角線を引き、更に対角線の交点を通過する直線を任意に3本引く。そして、この3本の直線と交錯する合計100本の繊維の幅を目視で計測する。この計測値の中位径を繊維幅とする。
本形態の製造方法においては、セルロース繊維に、リンオキソ酸類及びリンオキソ酸金属塩類の少なくともいずれか一方を含む添加物(A)、好ましくは更に尿素及び尿素誘導体の少なくともいずれか一方を含む添加物(B)からなるpH3未満の溶液を添加し、加熱してセルロース繊維にリンオキソ酸のエステル、好ましくはリンオキソ酸のエステル及びカルバメートを導入する。そして、このリンオキソ酸のエステル等を導入したセルロース繊維を解繊してセルロース微細繊維を得る。
セルロース繊維としては、例えば、植物由来の繊維(植物繊維)、動物由来の繊維、微生物由来の繊維等を使用することができる。これらの繊維は、必要により、単独で又は複数を組み合わせて使用することができる。ただし、セルロース繊維としては、植物繊維を使用するのが好ましく、植物繊維の一種であるパルプ繊維を使用するのがより好ましい。セルロース繊維がパルプ繊維であると、セルロース微細繊維の物性調整が容易である。
添加物(A)は、リンオキソ酸類及びリンオキソ酸金属塩類の少なくともいずれか一方を含む。添加物(A)としては、例えば、リン酸、リン酸二水素アンモニウム、リン酸水素二アンモニウム、リン酸三アンモニウム、ピロリン酸アンモニウム、ポリリン酸アンモニウム、リン酸二水素リチウム、リン酸三リチウム、リン酸水素二リチウム、ピロリン酸リチウム、ポリリン酸リチウム、リン酸二水素ナトリウム、リン酸水素二ナトリウム、リン酸三ナトリウム、ピロリン酸ナトリウム、ポリリン酸ナトリウム、リン酸二水素カリウム、リン酸水素二カリウム、リン酸三カリウム、ピロリン酸カリウム、ポリリン酸カリウム、亜リン酸、亜リン酸水素ナトリウム、亜リン酸水素アンモニウム、亜リン酸水素カリウム、亜リン酸二水素ナトリウム、亜リン酸ナトリウム、亜リン酸リチウム、亜リン酸カリウム、亜リン酸マグネシウム、亜リン酸カルシウム、亜リン酸トリエチル、亜リン酸トリフェニル、ピロ亜リン酸等の亜リン酸化合物等を使用することができる。これらの添加物は、それぞれを単独で又は複数を組み合わせて使用することができる。ただし、リンオキソ酸類の一部又は全部としては、ホスホン酸類を使用するのが好ましい。ホスホン酸類を使用すると、セルロース繊維の黄変化が防止されるので、分散液の光透過度がより向上する。
添加物(B)は、尿素及び尿素誘導体の少なくともいずれか一方を含む。添加物(B)としては、例えば、尿素、チオ尿素、ビウレット、フェニル尿素、ベンジル尿素、ジメチル尿素、ジエチル尿素、テトラメチル尿素等を使用することができる。これらの尿素又は尿素誘導体は、それぞれを単独で又は複数を組み合わせて使用することができる。ただし、尿素を使用するのが好ましい。
Cell-OH+H-N=C=O → Cell-O-C-NH2 …(2)
なお、Cellは、セルロース分子を指す。
セルロース繊維には、添加物(A)及び添加物(B)のほか、水酸化塩類、特に水酸化ナトリウムを添加するのが好ましい。水酸化塩類は、pH調整剤としての機能を有するほか、浸透圧効果のためにセルロース繊維の解繊がより容易になる。
添加物(A)や添加物(B)等を添加したセルロース繊維を加熱する際の加熱温度は、好ましくは100~210℃、より好ましくは100~200℃、特に好ましくは100~160℃である。加熱温度が100℃以上であれば、リンオキソ酸のエステルを導入することができる。ただし、加熱温度が210℃を超えると、セルロースの劣化が急速に進み、着色や粘度低下の要因となるおそれがある。また、加熱温度が160℃を超えると、セルロース微細繊維のB型粘度が低下するおそれや、光透過度が低下するおそれがある。
セルロース繊維にリンオキソ酸のエステルやカルバメートを導入するに先立って、又はリンオキソ酸のエステルやカルバメートを導入した後において、セルロース繊維には、必要により、叩解等の前処理を施すことができる。セルロース繊維の解繊に先立って当該パルプ繊維に前処理を施しておくことで、解繊の回数を大幅に減らすことができ、解繊のエネルギーを削減することができる。
リンオキソ酸のエステル等を導入したセルロース繊維は、解繊するに先立って、洗浄するのが好ましい。セルロース繊維を清浄することで、副生成物や未反応物を洗い流すことができる。また、この洗浄が前処理におけるアルカリ処理に先立つものであれば、当該アルカリ処理におけるアルカリ溶液の使用量を減らすことができる。
リンオキソ酸のエステル等を導入したセルロース繊維は、洗浄後に解繊(微細化処理)する。この解繊によって、パルプ繊維はミクロフィブリル化し、セルロース微細繊維(セルロースナノファイバー(CNF))となる。
表2から、リンオキソ酸基の導入量がセルロース繊維1gあたり2.0mmolを超えると、B型粘度及び光透過度のいずれも向上することが分かる。
Claims (6)
- 繊維幅が1~200nmであり、
セルロース繊維のヒドロキシ基の一部が、下記構造式(1)に示す官能基で置換されてリンオキソ酸のエステルが導入されており、
前記構造式(1)に示す官能基の導入量が、セルロース繊維1gあたり2.0mmolを超える、
ことを特徴とするセルロース微細繊維。
[構造式(1)]
構造式(1)において、a,b,m,nは自然数である。
A1,A2,・・・,AnおよびA’のうちの少なくとも1つはO-であり、残りはR、OR、NHR、及び、なしのいずれかである。Rは、水素原子、飽和-直鎖状炭化水素基、飽和-分岐鎖状炭化水素基、飽和-環状炭化水素基、不飽和-直鎖状炭化水素基、不飽和-分岐鎖状炭化水素基、芳香族基、及びこれらの誘導基のいずれかである。αは有機物又は無機物からなる陽イオンである。 - 前記セルロース繊維のヒドロキシ基の一部が、カルバメート基で置換されて、カルバメートが導入されている、
請求項1に記載のセルロース微細繊維。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載のセルロース微細繊維を製造するにあたり、
セルロース繊維に、リンオキソ酸類及びリンオキソ酸金属塩類の少なくともいずれか一方を含む添加物(A)並びに尿素及び尿素誘導体の少なくともいずれか一方を含む添加物(B)からなるpH3.0未満の溶液を添加し、加熱し、解繊する、
ことを特徴とするセルロース微細繊維の製造方法。 - 前記セルロース繊維に水酸化塩類も添加するものとし、かつ、前記加熱後に前記セルロース繊維を洗浄する、
請求項4に記載のセルロース微細繊維の製造方法。 - 前記リンオキソ酸類の一部又は全部として、ホスホン酸類を使用する、
請求項4又は請求項5に記載のセルロース微細繊維の製造方法。
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| JP2021195483A (ja) * | 2020-06-17 | 2021-12-27 | 大王製紙株式会社 | 繊維状セルロース及び繊維状セルロース複合樹脂 |
| CN115551897A (zh) * | 2020-06-17 | 2022-12-30 | 大王制纸株式会社 | 纤维状纤维素和纤维状纤维素复合树脂 |
| JP7227186B2 (ja) | 2020-06-17 | 2023-02-21 | 大王製紙株式会社 | 繊維状セルロース及び繊維状セルロース複合樹脂 |
| CN115551897B (zh) * | 2020-06-17 | 2024-04-16 | 大王制纸株式会社 | 纤维状纤维素和纤维状纤维素复合树脂 |
| WO2022030391A1 (ja) * | 2020-08-04 | 2022-02-10 | 大王製紙株式会社 | 繊維状セルロースの製造方法及び繊維状セルロース複合樹脂の製造方法 |
| JP2022029364A (ja) * | 2020-08-04 | 2022-02-17 | 大王製紙株式会社 | 繊維状セルロースの製造方法及び繊維状セルロース複合樹脂の製造方法 |
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| WO2022209157A1 (ja) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-10-06 | 大王製紙株式会社 | 繊維状セルロース含有物、繊維状セルロース複合樹脂、及び繊維状セルロース含有物の製造方法 |
| JP2022156849A (ja) * | 2021-03-31 | 2022-10-14 | 大王製紙株式会社 | 繊維状セルロース含有物、繊維状セルロース複合樹脂、及び繊維状セルロース含有物の製造方法 |
| JP7213296B2 (ja) | 2021-03-31 | 2023-01-26 | 大王製紙株式会社 | 繊維状セルロース含有物、繊維状セルロース複合樹脂、及び繊維状セルロース含有物の製造方法 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JP2023095921A (ja) | 2023-07-06 |
| CN112074542B (zh) | 2022-06-24 |
| JP7628574B2 (ja) | 2025-02-10 |
| EP3795596A1 (en) | 2021-03-24 |
| US20210380724A1 (en) | 2021-12-09 |
| EP3795596A4 (en) | 2022-03-23 |
| KR20210010855A (ko) | 2021-01-28 |
| US11584803B2 (en) | 2023-02-21 |
| CN112074542A (zh) | 2020-12-11 |
| CA3099395A1 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
| KR102749023B1 (ko) | 2025-01-02 |
| JP2019199671A (ja) | 2019-11-21 |
| JP7273463B2 (ja) | 2023-05-15 |
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