WO2020004702A1 - Energy storage system which is air-conditioned using thermosiphon - Google Patents

Energy storage system which is air-conditioned using thermosiphon Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020004702A1
WO2020004702A1 PCT/KR2018/008883 KR2018008883W WO2020004702A1 WO 2020004702 A1 WO2020004702 A1 WO 2020004702A1 KR 2018008883 W KR2018008883 W KR 2018008883W WO 2020004702 A1 WO2020004702 A1 WO 2020004702A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
thermosiphon
air conditioner
battery
container
energy storage
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Ceased
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PCT/KR2018/008883
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French (fr)
Korean (ko)
Inventor
임지훈
이상열
정민욱
최진혁
김진홍
전용호
김근성
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Korea Electric Power Corp
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Korea Electric Power Corp
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
    • H01M10/627—Stationary installations, e.g. power plant buffering or backup power supplies
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
    • H01M10/6552—Closed pipes transferring heat by thermal conductivity or phase transition, e.g. heat pipes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6561—Gases
    • H01M10/6566—Means within the gas flow to guide the flow around one or more cells, e.g. manifolds, baffles or other barriers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
    • H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
    • H01M10/6569—Fluids undergoing a liquid-gas phase change or transition, e.g. evaporation or condensation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
    • H01M10/66—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells
    • H01M10/663—Heat-exchange relationships between the cells and other systems, e.g. central heating systems or fuel cells the system being an air-conditioner or an engine
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/10—Batteries in stationary systems, e.g. emergency power source in plant
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an energy storage system using an air storage siphon (Energy Storage System with Air conditioner using thermosiphon). More specifically, the present invention relates to an energy storage system for controlling the temperature of a battery container using the thermosiphon principle.
  • air storage siphon Energy Storage System with Air conditioner using thermosiphon.
  • Energy Storage System is a system that saves renewable energy such as solar power and wind power, which is difficult to produce power at desired time, and makes it available at the required time.
  • energy storage systems are key components for implementing next-generation power grids such as smart grids.
  • the energy storage system consists of a plurality of batteries and stores the power produced by the batteries. Batteries with chemical properties are very limited in battery operation (charge or discharge) due to the limited operating temperature range. That is, since the battery is sensitive to temperature, if the operating temperature is above or below the operating temperature, the battery may be severely damaged, such as deterioration and tissue deformation, and its life may be drastically reduced and the characteristics of the battery may be changed. Therefore, the energy storage system is equipped with an air conditioning system such as a cooling fan to maintain the temperature of the battery within a certain range.
  • an air conditioning system such as a cooling fan to maintain the temperature of the battery within a certain range.
  • the problem to be solved in the present invention is to quickly and efficiently control the heat of the battery container, and to apply the thermosiphon principle in addition to the existing container air conditioner.
  • the temperature of the battery container is controlled by using the principle of thermosiphon, and for this purpose, heat exchange between the circulating air and the battery by the container air conditioner, and the heat of the circulating air is applied to the thermosiphon principle as well as the container air conditioner. Heat exchange with the outside of the container.
  • the energy storage system has a container with a battery and an air conditioner inside, a partition located between the battery and the air conditioner, and an upper space and a lower space at the upper and lower portions of the partition, respectively, and the circulated air introduced through the lower space from the air conditioner is provided.
  • the battery is cooled and flows back into the air conditioner through the upper space, and heat is circulated by a thermosiphon installed in the upper space and the outer top of the container.
  • a thermosiphon indoor unit is installed in an upper space
  • a thermosiphon outdoor unit is installed at an outer upper end of the container.
  • thermosiphon In the case of using the thermosiphon according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the power consumption and increase the cooling efficiency compared to the case of using the steam compression refrigeration cycle alone.
  • thermosiphon principle is a separate thermosiphon principle.
  • 2 is a battery container to which the present invention is applied.
  • thermosiphon device 4 is a battery container and a thermosiphon device to which the present invention is applied.
  • thermosiphon device 5 is a thermosiphon device and a battery container air conditioner according to the present invention.
  • Figure 6 is a whole view of the battery, air conditioner, thermosiphon device to which the present invention is applied.
  • thermosiphon 7 is a table showing the results of the demonstration according to the application of thermosiphon.
  • FIG. 1 shows the principle of a separate thermosiphon.
  • the split type thermosiphon has a form in which the middle part (evaporator) 10 and the condensation part (condenser) 20 are separated, and the steam passage and the condensate return path are connected to each other, and is also called a loop thermosiphon.
  • thermosiphon The operating principle of the thermosiphon is that first, the gas introduced into the evaporator heats the evaporator wall and thus vaporizes the saturated working fluid in the evaporator conduit.
  • the vaporized vapor is collected in the evaporator collecting tube, and the vapor is transferred to the condensing unit along the connection line with the condensing unit by the vapor pressure difference.
  • the steam transferred to the condensation unit is transferred from the steam collection tube to each condensation tube where the heat is transferred to the wall to condense.
  • the condensed working fluid then collects in the lower liquid collection tube along the inner wall by gravity and returns to the evaporator. In this process, the heat transferred to the condenser wall is dissipated by air.
  • the heat pipe 22 may be used in the condensation unit for effective heat exchange.
  • the evaporator of the separate thermosiphon is placed inside the container of the energy storage system (ESS), ie battery 30 and the condenser is placed on top of the evaporator outside the container.
  • One side of the container is provided with an air conditioner of the steam compression refrigeration cycle principle for cooling the inside of the container.
  • FIG. 2 shows inside the battery container. Batteries are divided into two rows and two pairs, and the duct 32 through which holes 34 are formed is passed through the bottom of the container. However, it is not necessarily limited thereto.
  • the bulkhead is installed to distinguish it from the space where the battery is located, and the air conditioner is located outside the bulkhead. As will be described later, the thermosiphon evaporation part is located in the upper space 52 located above the partition wall.
  • thermosiphon evaporation unit 3 is a circulating air flow inside the battery container.
  • the air cooled from the air conditioner 50 is heat-exchanged from the space at the bottom of the battery 30 through the hostile battery, and is heated again into the air conditioner through the upper space of the partition wall while being heated.
  • the space in which the thermosiphon evaporation unit is located may be positioned in a manner of being inserted into the partition wall in the upper space of the partition wall.
  • the air conditioner exchanges heat with an outdoor unit (not shown) located outside to blow the cooled air into the space where the battery is loaded by the circulation fan through the lower space under the partition wall.
  • thermosiphon refrigerant and the air conditioner refrigerant are respectively distinguished.
  • the circulating air passing through the evaporator of the thermosiphon device is cooled again in the evaporator of the air conditioner and then supplied to the bottom of the battery module by the circulation fan.
  • thermosiphon refrigerant heated by the circulating air is delivered to the thermosiphon condenser located on the outer top of the container.
  • the thermosiphon condenser it is cooled by external air, and a separate watering device may be added if a cooling fan is installed or insufficient for this purpose.
  • the heated thermosiphon coolant is transferred from the top of the thermosiphon evaporator to the top of the thermosiphon condenser, and after cooling, it is transferred from the bottom of the thermosiphon condenser to the bottom of the thermosiphon evaporator and closed.
  • the condenser and compressor as evaporators and external units of the air conditioner.
  • the low temperature air discharged from the vapor compression refrigeration cycle circulates while absorbing heat while cooling the battery module while flowing into the container.
  • the heat absorbed circulating air passes through the evaporator of the thermosiphon and the temperature decreases.
  • the working fluid of the thermosiphon receives heat and evaporates to the condensation unit.
  • Relatively low temperature outside air transfers heat through the condenser and the temperature rises.
  • the working fluid condenses and descends by gravity to the evaporator.
  • the thermosiphon discharges heat inside the energy storage system container to the outside by the phase change of the working fluid in the enclosed space.
  • FIG. 5 illustrates in more detail the applied thermosiphon device and battery container air conditioner of the present invention.
  • the thermosiphon device is divided into an outdoor unit and an indoor unit, and the indoor siphon evaporator is located in the upper space of the partition wall. Air temperature measured at three points T1, T2, and T3, and To is the outdoor temperature.
  • thermosiphon applied cooling system was installed in the battery container of the ESS demonstration complex (Jeju Chocheon S / S) and the performance comparison test of the thermosiphon-free battery container (container 1) and the thermosiphon applied battery container (container 7) was conducted was performed.
  • the battery container was subjected to a performance test while exposed to the outside air, and during the performance test, the battery was repeatedly charged (2 hours) and discharged (2 hours) by PCS control (0.25 C-rate). To is maintained between 21 ° C. and 25 ° C. using an air conditioner thermosiphon chiller and the air conditioner is set to operate at a set temperature (To) of 25 ° C. and stop at 21 ° C.
  • the thermosiphon cooler is set to operate when all three conditions are met. The three conditions are as follows.
  • Spray water for evaporative cooling of the thermosiphon outdoor unit was operated from 9 am to 18:00 and the operation was linked with the thermosiphon cooling system.
  • the temperature inside and outside the container and power consumption were measured with a sampling cycle of 4 seconds.
  • the T-type thermocouple was used for the internal temperature measurement of the container, the RTD temperature sensor was used for the external temperature measurement, and the power meter was used for the power measurement.
  • thermosiphon applied container cooling device is reduced by 11.8 ⁇ 18.7% compared to the unapplied container cooling device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Secondary Cells (AREA)
  • Battery Mounting, Suspending (AREA)

Abstract

In the present invention, the temperature of a battery container is controlled using the thermosiphon principle. To this end, heat exchange between circulation air and a battery is performed by a container air conditioner, and heat of the circulation air is exchanged with the environment outside the container by the thermosiphon principle as well as by the container air conditioner. To this end, the energy storage system comprises: a container having a battery and an air conditioner therein; a partition wall disposed between the battery and the air conditioner; and an upper space and a lower space provided above and below the partition wall, respectively, whereby circulation air introduced from the air conditioner through the lower space cools the battery and is introduced again into the air conditioner through the upper space, and heat is circulated by thermosiphons installed in the upper space and on the outer top of the container, respectively. A device employing the thermosiphon principle includes a thermosiphon indoor unit installed in the upper space and a thermosiphon outdoor unit installed on the outer top of the container.

Description

열사이펀을 이용해 공조하는 에너지저장시스템Energy storage system that cooperates using thermosiphon

본 발명은 열사이펀을 이용해 공조하는 에너지저장시스템(Energy Storage System with Air conditioner using thermosiphon)에 관한 것이다. 보다 상세하게, 열사이펀 원리를 이용해 배터리 컨테이너의 온도를 조절하는 에너지저장시스템에 관한 것이다.The present invention relates to an energy storage system using an air storage siphon (Energy Storage System with Air conditioner using thermosiphon). More specifically, the present invention relates to an energy storage system for controlling the temperature of a battery container using the thermosiphon principle.

에너지 저장 시스템(Energy Storage System, ESS)은 원하는 시간에 전력을 생산하기 어려운 태양광, 풍력 등의 신재생 에너지를 미리 저장했다가 필요한 시간대에 사용할 수 있게 하는 시스템이다. 특히, 에너지 저장 시스템은 스마트 그리드와 같은 차세대 전력망을 구현하기 위한 핵심 구성요소에 해당한다. Energy Storage System (ESS) is a system that saves renewable energy such as solar power and wind power, which is difficult to produce power at desired time, and makes it available at the required time. In particular, energy storage systems are key components for implementing next-generation power grids such as smart grids.

에너지 저장 시스템은 다수 개의 배터리로 구성되어 있으며, 배터리에 생산된 전력을 저장한다. 화학적 특성을 갖는 배터리는 제한적인 운용온도 범위로 인해서 배터리 운용(충전 또는 방전)에 많은 제한을 받는다. 즉, 배터리는 온도에 민감하기 때문에 운용온도를 초과하거나 미만인 경우 내부적으로 열화, 조직 변형 등의 큰 손상을 받으며 수명이 급격하게 감소하고 배터리의 특징이 변경될 수 있다. 따라서 에너지 저장 시스템은 배터리의 온도를 일정 범위 내로 유지하기 위해서 냉각팬과 같은 공조설비를 구비하고 있다. The energy storage system consists of a plurality of batteries and stores the power produced by the batteries. Batteries with chemical properties are very limited in battery operation (charge or discharge) due to the limited operating temperature range. That is, since the battery is sensitive to temperature, if the operating temperature is above or below the operating temperature, the battery may be severely damaged, such as deterioration and tissue deformation, and its life may be drastically reduced and the characteristics of the battery may be changed. Therefore, the energy storage system is equipped with an air conditioning system such as a cooling fan to maintain the temperature of the battery within a certain range.

통상적인 에너지 저장 시스템은 배터리를 보호하기 위해서 밀폐형 컨테이너의 내부에 다수 개의 배터리를 보관해서 운용한다. 따라서 에너지 저장 시스템은 배터리의 열을 외부로 방출하기 어려운 구조를 갖고 있고, 이로 인해 공조설비를 운용하기 위해서 많은 전력 비용이 소요된다. Conventional energy storage systems store and operate multiple batteries inside a sealed container to protect the batteries. Therefore, the energy storage system has a structure that is difficult to dissipate the heat of the battery to the outside, which requires a lot of power costs to operate the air conditioning equipment.

향후 신재생 에너지의 사용 증가 및 스마트 그리드 사업 추진 등을 통해서 에너지 저장 시스템의 설치 및 활용이 증가할 것으로 예상되는 상황에서, 에너지 저장 시스템의 공조설비 운용에 소요되는 비용을 절감할 필요성이 제기되고 있다. In the future, as the installation and utilization of energy storage systems are expected to increase through the use of renewable energy and the promotion of smart grid projects, there is a need to reduce the cost of air conditioning facilities for energy storage systems. .

본 발명에서 해결하고자하는 과제는 배터리 컨테이너의 열을 빠르고 효율적으로 조절하기위한 것으로, 기존의 컨테이너 공조기에 추가적으로 열사이펀 원리를 적용하고자 하는 것이다.The problem to be solved in the present invention is to quickly and efficiently control the heat of the battery container, and to apply the thermosiphon principle in addition to the existing container air conditioner.

본 발명에서 해결하기 위해, 열사이펀의 원리를 이용해 배터리 컨테이너의 온도를 조절하며, 이를 위해 컨테이너 공조기에 의해 순환공기와 배터리와의 열교환을 시키고, 순환공기의 열은 컨테이너 공조기 뿐만 아니라 열사이펀 원리에 의해 컨테이너 외부와 열교환을 시킨다. In order to solve the present invention, the temperature of the battery container is controlled by using the principle of thermosiphon, and for this purpose, heat exchange between the circulating air and the battery by the container air conditioner, and the heat of the circulating air is applied to the thermosiphon principle as well as the container air conditioner. Heat exchange with the outside of the container.

이를 위해, 에너지저장시스템은 내부에 배터리와 공조기가 있는 컨테이너, 배터리와 공조기 사이에 위치한 격벽, 격벽의 상부와 하부에는 각각 상부공간과 하부공간이 있어, 공조기로부터 하부공간을 통해 유입된 순환공기가 배터리를 냉각시키고 상부공간을 통해 다시 공조기로 유입되고, 상부공간 및 컨테이너의 외부상단에 설치된 열사이펀에 의해 열이 순환된다. 한편, 열사이펀 원리가 적용된 장치는 상부공간에는 열사이펀 실내기, 컨테이너의 외부상단에는 열사이펀 실외기가 설치된다.To this end, the energy storage system has a container with a battery and an air conditioner inside, a partition located between the battery and the air conditioner, and an upper space and a lower space at the upper and lower portions of the partition, respectively, and the circulated air introduced through the lower space from the air conditioner is provided. The battery is cooled and flows back into the air conditioner through the upper space, and heat is circulated by a thermosiphon installed in the upper space and the outer top of the container. On the other hand, in the apparatus in which the thermosiphon principle is applied, a thermosiphon indoor unit is installed in an upper space, and a thermosiphon outdoor unit is installed at an outer upper end of the container.

본 발명에 따라 열사이펀을 이용한 경우 증기압축 냉동사이클을 단독으로 사용한 경우에 비해서 전력 소모량을 줄이고 냉각 효율을 높일 수 있다. In the case of using the thermosiphon according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the power consumption and increase the cooling efficiency compared to the case of using the steam compression refrigeration cycle alone.

도 1은 분리형 열사이펀 원리이다.1 is a separate thermosiphon principle.

도 2는 본 발명이 적용된 배터리 컨테이너이다.2 is a battery container to which the present invention is applied.

도 3은 본 발명의 적용된 배터리 컨테이너 내부의 순환공기 흐름이다.3 is a circulating air flow inside the battery container to which the present invention is applied.

도 4는 본 발명이 적용된 배터리 컨테이너와 열사이펀 장치이다.4 is a battery container and a thermosiphon device to which the present invention is applied.

도 5는 본 발명의 적용된 열사이펀 장치와 배터리 컨테이너 공조기이다.5 is a thermosiphon device and a battery container air conditioner according to the present invention.

도 6은 본 발명이 적용된 배터리, 공조기, 열사이펀 장치 전체 그림이다.Figure 6 is a whole view of the battery, air conditioner, thermosiphon device to which the present invention is applied.

도 7은 열사이펀 적용에 따른 실증 결과를 나타낸 표이다.7 is a table showing the results of the demonstration according to the application of thermosiphon.

본 발명을 첨부된 도면을 참고하여 상세히 설명하면 다음과 같다. 여기서, 반복되는 설명, 본 발명의 요지를 불필요하게 흐릴 수 있는 고지 기능, 및 구성에 대한 상세한 설명은 생략한다. 본 발명의 실시형태는 해당 기술분야에서 평균적인 지식을 가진 자에게 본 발명을 보다 완전하게 설명하기 위해서 제공되는 것이다. 따라서, 도면에서의 요소들의 형상 및 크기 등은 보다 명확한 설명을 위해 과장될 수 있다.Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. Here, the repeated description, the notification function that may unnecessarily obscure the gist of the present invention, and the detailed description of the configuration will be omitted. Embodiments of the present invention are provided to more completely explain the present invention to those skilled in the art. Accordingly, the shape and size of elements in the drawings may be exaggerated for clarity.

이하에서는 도면을 참고하여 본 발명의 실시 예에 따른 절연역률 측정 장치 및 방법에 대해 설명한다.Hereinafter, an apparatus and method for measuring insulation power factor according to an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings.

먼저, 도 1은 분리형 열사이펀의 원리를 나타낸다. 분리형 열사이펀은 중발부(증발기,10)와 응축부(응축기,20)를 분리하고 증기 통로와 응축액 귀환로를 연결한 형태를 갖는 것으로 루프 열사이펀(loop thermosiphon)이라 불리기도 한다. First, Figure 1 shows the principle of a separate thermosiphon. The split type thermosiphon has a form in which the middle part (evaporator) 10 and the condensation part (condenser) 20 are separated, and the steam passage and the condensate return path are connected to each other, and is also called a loop thermosiphon.

열사이펀의 작동 원리는 먼저, 증발부에 유입된 가스는 증발부 벽을 가열하며 이에 따라 증발부 관로 내의 포화상태의 작동 유체는 기화한다. 기화된 증기는 증발부 집합관에 모이고 이 증기는 증기압차에 의해서 응축부와의 연결 관로를 따라서 응축부로 이송된다. 응축부로 이송된 증기는 증기 집합관에서 각각의 응축관으로 이송되며 여기서 열을 벽에 전달하여 응축된다. 이후 응축된 작동유체는 중력에 의해서 내벽을 따라 하단의 액체 집합관에 모인 뒤 증발부로 되돌아 간다. 이 과정에서 응축부 벽에 전달된 열은 공기에 의하여 소산된다. 응축부에는 효과적인 열교환을 위해 히트파이프(22)가 사용될 수도 있다.The operating principle of the thermosiphon is that first, the gas introduced into the evaporator heats the evaporator wall and thus vaporizes the saturated working fluid in the evaporator conduit. The vaporized vapor is collected in the evaporator collecting tube, and the vapor is transferred to the condensing unit along the connection line with the condensing unit by the vapor pressure difference. The steam transferred to the condensation unit is transferred from the steam collection tube to each condensation tube where the heat is transferred to the wall to condense. The condensed working fluid then collects in the lower liquid collection tube along the inner wall by gravity and returns to the evaporator. In this process, the heat transferred to the condenser wall is dissipated by air. The heat pipe 22 may be used in the condensation unit for effective heat exchange.

분리형 열사이펀의 증발기를 에너지 저장 시스템(ESS), 즉 배터리(30)의 컨테이너 내부에 배치하고 응축부를 컨테이너 외부에서 증발기에 비해서 상부에 배치한다. 컨테이너의 일측에는 컨테이너 내부 냉각을 위한 증기압축 냉동사이클 원리의 공조기가 구비된다. The evaporator of the separate thermosiphon is placed inside the container of the energy storage system (ESS), ie battery 30 and the condenser is placed on top of the evaporator outside the container. One side of the container is provided with an air conditioner of the steam compression refrigeration cycle principle for cooling the inside of the container.

도 2가 배터리 컨테이너 내부를 나타낸다. 배터리는 2열, 2쌍으로 구분되며, 컨테이너 바닥에는 배터리로 홀(hole,34)이 형성된 덕트(32)가 지나간다. 그러나, 반드시 이에 한정되지는 않는다. 배터리가 위치하는 공간과 구별하기 위해 격벽이 설치되며, 격벽 밖에 공조기가 위치한다. 후술하겠만, 열사이펀 증발부가 위치하는 곳은 격벽 중 상부에 위치한 상부공간(52)이다.2 shows inside the battery container. Batteries are divided into two rows and two pairs, and the duct 32 through which holes 34 are formed is passed through the bottom of the container. However, it is not necessarily limited thereto. The bulkhead is installed to distinguish it from the space where the battery is located, and the air conditioner is located outside the bulkhead. As will be described later, the thermosiphon evaporation part is located in the upper space 52 located above the partition wall.

도 3은 배터리 컨테이너 내부의 순환공기 흐름이다. 공조기(50)로부터 냉각된 공기가 배터리(30) 하단의 공간으로부터 적대된 배터리를 지나면서 열교환이 되고, 가열된 채 격벽의 상부공간을 통해 다시 공조기로 유입된다. 도 2에서 열사이펀 증발부가 위치하는 공간이 격벽의 상부공간에 격벽에 삽입되는 형식으로 위치할 수 있다. 공조기는 외부에 위치한 실외기(미도시)와 열교환을 함으로서 냉각된 공기를 격벽 하부의 하부공간을 통해 순환팬에 의해 배터리가 적재된 공간으로 불어넣어준다. 3 is a circulating air flow inside the battery container. The air cooled from the air conditioner 50 is heat-exchanged from the space at the bottom of the battery 30 through the hostile battery, and is heated again into the air conditioner through the upper space of the partition wall while being heated. In FIG. 2, the space in which the thermosiphon evaporation unit is located may be positioned in a manner of being inserted into the partition wall in the upper space of the partition wall. The air conditioner exchanges heat with an outdoor unit (not shown) located outside to blow the cooled air into the space where the battery is loaded by the circulation fan through the lower space under the partition wall.

도 4는 열사이펀 장치 및 공조기(50)가 적용된 컨테이너에서의 공기흐름이다. 공조기로부터 냉각된 순환공기가 배터리 모듈의 하단으로 유입되고 배터리 모듈과의 열교환을 통해 가열된 순환공기는 열사이펀 장치의 증발기를 지나면서 열사이펀 장치의 냉매를 가열시키고, 순환공기의 온도는 낮아진 채 공조기로 유입된다. 한편, 공조기의 증발기는 실외기와 공조기 냉매를 통해 열교환된다. 열사이펀 장치의 냉매와 공조기 냉매를 구별하기 위해 각각 열사이펀 냉매, 공조기 냉매로 구별시킨다.4 is a flow of air in the container to which the thermosiphon device and the air conditioner 50 are applied. The circulating air cooled from the air conditioner flows into the bottom of the battery module and the circulated air heated by heat exchange with the battery module heats the refrigerant of the thermosiphon device while passing through the evaporator of the thermosiphon device, and the temperature of the circulating air is lowered. Flows into the air conditioner. Meanwhile, the evaporator of the air conditioner exchanges heat through the outdoor unit and the air conditioner refrigerant. In order to distinguish between the refrigerant and the air conditioner refrigerant of the thermosiphon device, the thermosiphon refrigerant and the air conditioner refrigerant are respectively distinguished.

열사이펀 장치의 증발기를 지난 순환공기는 공조기의 증발기에서 다시 냉각된 후 순환팬에 의해 다시 배터리 모듈의 하단으로 공급된다. The circulating air passing through the evaporator of the thermosiphon device is cooled again in the evaporator of the air conditioner and then supplied to the bottom of the battery module by the circulation fan.

한편, 순환공기에 의해 가열된 열사이펀 냉매는 컨테이너 외부상단에 위치한 열사이펀 응축기로 전달된다. 열사이펀 응축기에서는 외부공기에 의해 냉각되며, 이를 위해 냉각팬이 설치되거나 부족하면 별도의 살수장치가 추가될 수 있다. 가열된 열사이펀 냉매는 열사이펀 증발기의 상단에서 열사이펀 응축기의 상단으로 전달되며, 냉각 후에는 열사이펀 응축기의 하단에서 열사이펀 증발기의 하단으로전달되면서 폐쇄순환된다. 이는 공조기의 증발기 및 외부기로서 응축기와 컴프레서도 마찬가지이다. On the other hand, the thermosiphon refrigerant heated by the circulating air is delivered to the thermosiphon condenser located on the outer top of the container. In the thermosiphon condenser, it is cooled by external air, and a separate watering device may be added if a cooling fan is installed or insufficient for this purpose. The heated thermosiphon coolant is transferred from the top of the thermosiphon evaporator to the top of the thermosiphon condenser, and after cooling, it is transferred from the bottom of the thermosiphon condenser to the bottom of the thermosiphon evaporator and closed. The same applies to the condenser and compressor as evaporators and external units of the air conditioner.

이를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 증기압축 냉동사이클에서 토출된 저온의 공기는 컨테이너 내부로 유동하면서 배터리 모듈을 냉각하면서 열을 흡수하면서 순환한다. 열을 흡수한 순환공기는 열사이펀의 증발기를 통과하면서 온도가 하강하고, 증발기 내부에서는 열사이펀의 작동 유체가 열을 전달 받아서 증발해서 응축부로 상승한다. 상대적으로 저온의 외기는 응축부를 통과하면서 열을 전달 받아서 온도가 상승하고 작동유체는 응축되어 증발부로 중력에 의해서 하강하는 사이클을 반복한다. 이와 같이 열사이펀은 밀폐된 공간 내에서 작동 유체가 에너지 저장 시스템 컨테이너 내부의 열을 작동유체의 상변화에 의해서 외부로 배출한다. This is summarized as follows. The low temperature air discharged from the vapor compression refrigeration cycle circulates while absorbing heat while cooling the battery module while flowing into the container. The heat absorbed circulating air passes through the evaporator of the thermosiphon and the temperature decreases. In the evaporator, the working fluid of the thermosiphon receives heat and evaporates to the condensation unit. Relatively low temperature outside air transfers heat through the condenser and the temperature rises. The working fluid condenses and descends by gravity to the evaporator. As described above, the thermosiphon discharges heat inside the energy storage system container to the outside by the phase change of the working fluid in the enclosed space.

도 5는 본 발명의 적용된 열사이펀 장치와 배터리 컨테이너 공조기를 더욱 자세히 설명한다. 열사이펀 장치는 실외기와 실내기로 구분되며, 실내기로는 열사이펀 증발기가 격벽의 상부공간에 위치한다. T1, T2, T3 3개 지점에서 측정된 공기온도이며, To는 실외온도이다.Figure 5 illustrates in more detail the applied thermosiphon device and battery container air conditioner of the present invention. The thermosiphon device is divided into an outdoor unit and an indoor unit, and the indoor siphon evaporator is located in the upper space of the partition wall. Air temperature measured at three points T1, T2, and T3, and To is the outdoor temperature.

열사이펀 적용 냉각장치를 ESS 실증단지(제주 조천S/S)의 배터리 컨테이너에 설치하고 열사이펀 미적용 배터리 컨테이너(1번 컨테이너)와 열사이펀 적용 배터리 컨테이너(7번 컨테이너) 냉각장치의 성능 비교 시험을 수행하였다. 배터리 컨테이너는 외기에 노출된 상태에서 성능 시험을 수행하였고, 성능 시험 동안 배터리는 PCS제어(0.25C-rate)를 통하여 충전(2시간) 및 방전(2시간) 운전을 반복 수행하였다 컨테이너 내부공간온도(To)는 공조기 열사이펀 냉각장치를 이용하여 21℃와25℃ 사이에서 유지되며 공조기는 설정온도(To) 25℃에서 동작하고 21℃에서 정지하도록 설정하였다. 열사이펀 냉각장치는 3가지 조건이 모두 충족되어야 동작되도록 설정하였고 3가지 조건은 아래와 같다. A thermosiphon applied cooling system was installed in the battery container of the ESS demonstration complex (Jeju Chocheon S / S) and the performance comparison test of the thermosiphon-free battery container (container 1) and the thermosiphon applied battery container (container 7) was conducted Was performed. The battery container was subjected to a performance test while exposed to the outside air, and during the performance test, the battery was repeatedly charged (2 hours) and discharged (2 hours) by PCS control (0.25 C-rate). To is maintained between 21 ° C. and 25 ° C. using an air conditioner thermosiphon chiller and the air conditioner is set to operate at a set temperature (To) of 25 ° C. and stop at 21 ° C. The thermosiphon cooler is set to operate when all three conditions are met. The three conditions are as follows.

① 컨테이너 내부공기온도 (T1 > 23℃(ON), T1 < 19 (OFF))① Air temperature inside container (T1> 23 ℃ (ON), T1 <19 (OFF))

② 실외공기온도 (To < 23℃, ON) ② Outdoor air temperature (To <23 ℃, ON)

③ 공조기 송풍기 작동 감지 (바람S/W) ③ Air conditioner blower operation detection (wind S / W)

열사이펀 실외기의 증발냉각을 위한 살수분사는 오전 9시에서 18시까지 운용하고 동작은 열사이펀 냉각장치와 연동되도록 하였다. Spray water for evaporative cooling of the thermosiphon outdoor unit was operated from 9 am to 18:00 and the operation was linked with the thermosiphon cooling system.

성능측정은 컨테이너 내외부온도와 소비전력을 4초의 샘플링 주기로 측정하였다. 컨테이너의 내부온도 측정에는 T-type 열전대를, 외부온도 측정에는 RTD 온도센서를 사용하였고 전력 측정에는 전력계를 사용하였다.In the performance measurement, the temperature inside and outside the container and power consumption were measured with a sampling cycle of 4 seconds. The T-type thermocouple was used for the internal temperature measurement of the container, the RTD temperature sensor was used for the external temperature measurement, and the power meter was used for the power measurement.

도 7은 열사이펀 적용에 따른 실증 결과를 나타낸 표이다. 열사이펀 미적용 배터리 컨테이너와 열사이펀 적용 배터리 컨테이너 냉각장치의 성능 시험 결과, 열사이펀을 적용한 컨테이너 냉각장치의 에너지 사용량이 미적용 컨테이너 냉각장치 대비 11.8~18.7%까지 절감되었음을 알 수 있다.7 is a table showing the results of the demonstration according to the application of thermosiphon. As a result of the performance test of the non-siphon battery container and the thermosiphon applied battery container cooling device, it can be seen that the energy consumption of the thermosiphon applied container cooling device is reduced by 11.8 ~ 18.7% compared to the unapplied container cooling device.

이상에서와 같이 도면과 명세서에서 최적의 실시 예가 개시되었다. 여기서 특정한 용어들이 사용되었으나, 이는 단지 본 발명을 설명하기 위한 목적에서 사용된 것이지 의미 한정이나 특허청구범위에 기재된 본 발명의 범위를 제한하기 위하여 사용된 것은 아니다. 그러므로, 본 기술 분야의 통상의 지식을 가진 자라면 이로부터 다양한 변형 및 균등한 타 실시 예가 가능하다는 점을 이해할 것이다. 따라서, 본 발명의 진정한 기술적 보호범위는 첨부된 특허청구범위의 기술적 사상에 의해 정해져야 할 것이다.As described above, the best embodiment has been disclosed in the drawings and the specification. Although specific terms have been used herein, they are used only for the purpose of describing the present invention and are not used to limit the scope of the present invention as defined in the meaning or claims. Therefore, those skilled in the art will understand that various modifications and equivalent other embodiments are possible from this. Therefore, the true technical protection scope of the present invention will be defined by the technical spirit of the appended claims.

Claims (8)

에너지저장시스템의 공조장치에 있어서,In the air conditioning system of the energy storage system, 상기 에너지저장시스템은 내부에 배터리와 공조기가 있는 컨테이너;The energy storage system includes a container having a battery and an air conditioner therein; 상기 배터리와 상기 공조기 사이에 위치한 격벽;A partition wall located between the battery and the air conditioner; 상기 격벽의 상부와 하부에는 각각 상부공간과 하부공간이 있어, 상기 공조기로부터 상기 하부공간을 통해 유입된 순환공기가 상기 배터리를 냉각시키고 상기 상부공간을 통해 다시 상기 공조기로 유입되고, An upper space and a lower space are respectively provided at an upper portion and a lower portion of the partition wall, and circulating air introduced from the air conditioner through the lower space cools the battery and flows back into the air conditioner through the upper space. 상기 상부공간 및 상기 컨테이너의 외부상단에 설치된 열사이펀에 의해 열이 순환되는 것을 것을 특징으로 하는 열사이펀을 이용해 공조하는 에너지저장시스템.Energy storage system for air conditioning using a heat siphon, characterized in that the heat is circulated by the heat siphon installed in the upper space and the outer top of the container. 제1항에 있어서,The method of claim 1, 상기 열사이펀은 The thermosiphon is 상기 상부공간에는 열사이펀 실내기;The upper space includes a thermosiphon indoor unit; 상기 컨테이너의 외부상단에는 열사이펀 실외기;가 설치되는 것을 특징으로 하는 열사이펀을 이용해 공조하는 에너지저장시스템.A thermosiphon outdoor unit is installed on the outer top of the container. 제2항에 있어서,The method of claim 2, 상기 열사이펀 실내기는 상기 배터리를 냉각시킨 순환공기가 통과하면서 냉매를 증발시키는 증발부가 형성된 것을 특징으로 하는 열사이펀을 이용해 공조하는 에너지저장시스템.The thermosiphon indoor unit is an energy storage system for air conditioning using a thermosiphon, characterized in that the evaporation unit for evaporating the refrigerant is formed while the circulation air cooled the battery passes. 제3항에 있어서,The method of claim 3, 상기 열사이펀 실외기는 외부의 냉각유체에 의해 상기 냉매가 응축되는 응축부가 형성된 것을 특징으로 하는 열사이펀을 이용해 공조하는 에너지저장시스템.The thermosiphon outdoor unit is an energy storage system for air conditioning using a thermosiphon, characterized in that the condensation unit is formed to condense the refrigerant by an external cooling fluid. 제4항에 있어서,The method of claim 4, wherein 상기 응축부의 냉각을 위해 냉각팬이 설치되는 것을 특징으로 하는 열사이펀을 이용해 공조하는 에너지저장시스템.Energy storage system for air conditioning using a thermosiphon, characterized in that the cooling fan is installed for cooling the condensation unit. 제5항에 있어서,The method of claim 5, 상기 냉각팬에 추가해 살수처리를 하는 것을 특징으로 하는 열사이펀을 이용해 공조하는 에너지저장시스템.Energy storage system for air conditioning using a thermosiphon, characterized in that the addition of the cooling fan to the spraying treatment. 제6항에 있어서,The method of claim 6, 상기 응축기에서의 냉매라인은 히트파이프로 형성된 것을 특징으로 하는 열사이펀을 이용해 공조하는 에너지저장시스템.The refrigerant line in the condenser is an energy storage system for air conditioning using a heat siphon, characterized in that formed by heat pipe. 에너지저장시스템의 공조장치에 있어서,In the air conditioning system of the energy storage system, 상기 에너지저장시스템은 내부에 배터리와 공조기가 있는 컨테이너;The energy storage system includes a container having a battery and an air conditioner therein; 상기 배터리와 상기 공조기 사이에 위치한 격벽;A partition wall located between the battery and the air conditioner; 상기 격벽의 상부와 하부에는 각각 상부공간과 하부공간이 있어, 상기 공조기로부터 상기 하부공간을 통해 유입된 순환공기가 상기 배터리를 냉각시키고 상기 상부공간을 통해 다시 상기 공조기로 유입되고, An upper space and a lower space are respectively provided at an upper portion and a lower portion of the partition wall, and circulating air introduced from the air conditioner through the lower space cools the battery and flows back into the air conditioner through the upper space. 상기 공조기의 실외기로부터 냉각된 상기 순환공기가 상기 공조기 내 순환팬을 통해 상기 배터리의 하단으로 전달될 수 있는 채널이 형성된 것을 특징으로 하는 열사이펀을 이용해 공조하는 에너지저장시스템.And a channel through which the circulation air cooled from the outdoor unit of the air conditioner can be transferred to the lower end of the battery through a circulation fan in the air conditioner.
PCT/KR2018/008883 2018-06-27 2018-08-06 Energy storage system which is air-conditioned using thermosiphon Ceased WO2020004702A1 (en)

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