WO2020009213A1 - 表面処理鋼板および表面処理鋼板の製造方法 - Google Patents
表面処理鋼板および表面処理鋼板の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020009213A1 WO2020009213A1 PCT/JP2019/026781 JP2019026781W WO2020009213A1 WO 2020009213 A1 WO2020009213 A1 WO 2020009213A1 JP 2019026781 W JP2019026781 W JP 2019026781W WO 2020009213 A1 WO2020009213 A1 WO 2020009213A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/001—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing N
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/01—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic
- B32B15/013—Layered products comprising a layer of metal all layers being exclusively metallic one layer being formed of an iron alloy or steel, another layer being formed of a metal other than iron or aluminium
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/46—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for sheet metals
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- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
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- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
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- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/06—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing aluminium
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- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D17/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells for electrolytic coating
- C25D17/10—Electrodes, e.g. composition, counter electrode
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- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/12—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of nickel or cobalt
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D3/00—Electroplating: Baths therefor
- C25D3/02—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions
- C25D3/56—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys
- C25D3/562—Electroplating: Baths therefor from solutions of alloys containing more than 50% by weight of iron or nickel or cobalt
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- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PRODUCTION OF COATINGS; ELECTROFORMING; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/10—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals
- C25D5/12—Electroplating with more than one layer of the same or of different metals at least one layer being of nickel or chromium
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- C25D5/00—Electroplating characterised by the process; Pretreatment or after-treatment of workpieces
- C25D5/48—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces
- C25D5/50—After-treatment of electroplated surfaces by heat-treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/117—Inorganic material
- H01M50/119—Metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/10—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings
- H01M50/116—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material
- H01M50/124—Primary casings; Jackets or wrappings characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/543—Terminals
- H01M50/545—Terminals formed by the casing of the cells
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/26—Methods of annealing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/74—Methods of treatment in inert gas, controlled atmosphere, vacuum or pulverulent material
- C21D1/76—Adjusting the composition of the atmosphere
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2211/00—Microstructure comprising significant phases
- C21D2211/005—Ferrite
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- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D6/00—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys
- C21D6/005—Heat treatment of ferrous alloys containing Mn
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0221—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the working steps
- C21D8/0236—Cold rolling
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0252—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment with application of tension
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0257—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment with diffusion of elements, e.g. decarburising, nitriding
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0247—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips characterised by the heat treatment
- C21D8/0273—Final recrystallisation annealing
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- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
- C21D8/0278—Modifying the physical properties of ferrous metals or ferrous alloys by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips involving a particular surface treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0002—Aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0014—Alkaline electrolytes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/661—Metal or alloys, e.g. alloy coatings
- H01M4/662—Alloys
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a surface-treated steel sheet and a method for producing the surface-treated steel sheet.
- Priority is claimed on Japanese Patent Application No. 2018-128846 filed on July 6, 2018, the content of which is incorporated herein by reference.
- Ni-plated steel sheets have been used as surface-treated steel sheets for battery containers.
- Ni-plated steel sheets are used for various battery containers such as alkaline manganese dry batteries, lithium ion batteries, and nickel metal hydride battery cans because of the excellent chemical stability of Ni.
- a method in which a steel strip before can making is continuously and continuously plated is advantageous in terms of manufacturing cost and uniformity of plating.
- Ni-plated steel sheets are deep drawn and pressed, and a positive electrode material, a negative electrode material, an electrolytic solution and the like are filled therein, and the number of cases used for a positive electrode can or the like, which is a container that also serves as a positive electrode terminal, has increased. ing.
- a conductive paint containing graphite is applied to the inner surface of the positive electrode can to maintain contact with the positive electrode mixture.
- an organic solvent-based paint is used, there is a problem of environmental pollution, and when an aqueous paint is used, energy consumption for drying becomes a problem.
- a Ni-plated steel sheet is used as a positive electrode can, it is said that oxidation of Ni occurs with time, the contact resistance increases, and the discharge characteristics decrease. But it is not always satisfactory.
- Patent Literature 1 when a plated steel sheet in which only a Ni plating layer is subjected to Co plating is used as a container of a battery using a strongly alkaline electrolytic solution, the passage of time is lapsed.
- Co elutes to make it difficult to maintain battery characteristics
- the outermost layer of the plating layer is made of a Ni—Co alloy layer, and Co / Ni is analyzed by Auger electron spectroscopy on the surface of the Ni—Co alloy layer. It is appropriate to control the value in the range of 0.1 to 1.5.
- the outermost layer portion of the plating layer is a Ni—Co alloy layer
- the Co / Ni value on the surface of the Ni—Co alloy layer by Auger electron spectroscopy is 0.1 to 1 It is said that control in the range of 0.5 is appropriate.
- the method of forming the Ni—Co alloy layer as the outermost layer of the plating layer is not particularly limited, and the following methods (i) to (iii) are exemplified. Have been.
- heat diffusion method
- a nickel plating layer or a nickel-cobalt alloy plating layer having a thickness of 0.5 to 2.0 ⁇ m is formed on the inner surface of a battery can of a steel plate as a substrate. Thereafter, by subjecting the nickel plating layer or the nickel-cobalt alloy plating layer to a thermal diffusion treatment, the unit area (0%) of the steel sheet having the iron-nickel diffusion layer or the iron-nickel-cobalt alloy diffusion layer and serving as the base material is obtained.
- a steel plate for forming a battery can having an average number of crystals per .25 mm square) of 12.3 or more is disclosed.
- the main properties related to workability required as a steel sheet for a can including the above-described surface-treated steel sheet for a battery can include (1) press formability (without generation of defects such as cracks during processing). Formability), (2) Roughness resistance (Surface roughness after pressing is small), (3) Low earring rate (Material anisotropy is small and ears are generated after deep drawing is small), (4) Non-aging property (no stretcher strain is generated during drawing).
- Al-killed steel sheets or IF steel-based steel sheets have been mainly used as base steel sheets for steel sheets for cans (particularly, steel sheets for battery cans).
- the Al-killed steel sheet is somewhat difficult to secure a high level of average plastic strain ratio rm as compared with the IF steel sheet, but the refinement of ferrite crystal grains is easier than that of the IF steel sheet. Continuous annealing for recrystallization is also possible at relatively low temperatures.
- the average plastic strain ratio rm is a value defined by the following equation (I).
- r m (r 0 + 2 ⁇ r 45 + r 90 ) / 4 (I)
- r 0 is a rolling direction r value
- r 90 is a rolling orthogonal direction r value
- r 45 is a 45 ° direction r value
- the r value is a plastic strain ratio (Lankford value).
- a surface-treated steel sheet in which the above-described Ni-plated layer is further coated with a Co-plated layer, or a surface-treated steel sheet in which such a steel sheet is subjected to heat diffusion treatment from the viewpoint of ensuring the workability, usually a base metal As the steel sheet, an Al-killed steel sheet or an IF steel-based steel sheet is used.
- At least 9.0 g / m 2 in the total amount of Ni and Co is obtained, while securing the same chemical and mechanical properties as those of the surface layer of the conventional Ni—Co alloy plating. It is an object of the present invention to provide a surface-treated steel sheet having the above-mentioned adhesion amount, having a hard plating layer, and having base material characteristics required for a battery can.
- the present inventors have studied the means for solving the above-mentioned problems, and as a result, have obtained the following findings (a) to (e).
- Co plating is applied to the upper layer of the Ni-plated steel sheet, and the Co plating is heated and diffused (corresponding to (iii) described above) to secure an Fe concentration of the outermost layer of the plating layer of 5 atomic% or more. (That is, by replacing a part of Co in conventional Ni—Co plating (at least the surface layer of the plating layer is a Ni—Co alloy) with Fe), the scratch resistance of the plating layer can be improved, and the positive electrode current collector can be improved. Has been obtained that conductivity and electrolyte resistance can be ensured.
- the Ni—Co plating layer since Fe is contained in the Ni—Co plating layer, even when a surface-treated steel sheet is used as a current collector of a battery using an alkaline aqueous solution as an electrolyte, the Ni—Co plating layer has the same characteristics as the Ni—Co plating layer. It has been found that the increase in surface resistance can be suppressed. However, when the concentration of Fe was too high, it was also clarified that Fe was dissolved in the electrolytic solution, and particularly in an alkaline manganese battery, the possibility of causing the dissolution of Zn in the negative electrode leading to liquid leakage was increased. .
- the composition of the outermost layer of the plating layer means, unless otherwise specified, the removal of a contaminant layer or an oxide layer that may be present on the surface of the plating layer by argon ion etching, followed by Auger electron spectroscopy. It refers to the composition of the surface observed by the method (Auger Electron Spectroscopy: AES).
- a hard thick plating layer can be provided by applying Co plating to the upper layer of Ni plating having a large amount of adhesion and alloying by heat treatment in the above (a). Then, if Fe is diffused to the outermost layer of the plating layer based on the concept of (a), the soft Ni plating layer existing underneath changes into a hard Fe—Ni alloy layer, so that hard plating is performed. The object of providing a thick layer can be achieved. In addition, as a result of the formation of the Fe—Ni alloy layer from the steel plate side in the heat treatment process, the adhesion of the plating layer is enhanced.
- the thickness of the Ni plating layer before the diffusion treatment is preferably 1.0 ⁇ m or less (the Ni adhesion amount is approximately 8.9 g in terms of Ni. / m 2 corresponds to the following.) is set to be.
- the thickness of the Ni plating layer deviates from the above range, Ni not alloyed with Fe remains in the surface layer portion of the plating. That is, in the conventional technique, when the amount of Ni plating exceeds 8.9 g / m 2 , or in the case of Ni—Co two-layer plating, the total amount of Ni and Co exceeds 8.9 g / m 2.
- Ni electroplating bath containing a chloride ion concentration of 35 g / L or more when Ni electroplating is performed on a steel sheet the Ni—Co—Fe alloying in the thermal diffusion treatment can be performed by a Watts bath or the like. Is significantly promoted as compared with the case where
- the present inventors have developed a Ni—Co—Fe-based Ni—Co—Fe-based alloy having a hard thick plating layer and having excellent adhesion of the plating layer and excellent surface roughness resistance while suppressing the amount of Co used.
- the surface treated steel sheet of the present invention having a plating layer was completed.
- the gist of the present invention completed on the basis of such knowledge is as follows.
- a Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer is provided on at least one side of a base steel sheet, and the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer has a Ni adhesion of 7.1 to 18.5 g / m 2. And the Co adhesion amount is in the range of 0.65 to 3.6 g / m 2 , and the total of the Ni adhesion amount and the Co adhesion amount is 9.0 to 20.0 g / m 2. m 2 , the Co concentration in the outermost layer of the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer is in the range of 20 to 60 atomic%, and the Fe concentration is in the range of 5 to 30 atomic%.
- Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer a region where the total of the Ni concentration and the Co concentration is 10 at% or more and the Fe concentration is 5 at% or more exists with a thickness of 2 ⁇ m or more.
- the chemical composition of the base steel sheet is represented by mass% and C: 0.01 to 0.25. , Si: 0.1% or less, Mn: 0.05 ⁇ 0.90%, P: 0.020% or less, S: 0.015% or less, sol. Al: 0.003 to 0.100%, N: 0.007% or less, B: 0 to 0.0050%, the balance being Fe and impurities, according to JIS G 0551 (2013) of the base steel sheet.
- a surface-treated steel sheet having a specified ferrite grain size number of 10.0 or more.
- the sum of the Fe concentration and the Co concentration is 65 atomic% or less, and the Co concentration is larger than the Fe concentration.
- [3] The surface-treated steel sheet according to [1] or [2], wherein the ferrite grain number of the base steel sheet is 11 or more.
- a ratio of the Co adhesion amount to the Ni adhesion amount is in a range of 0.05 to 0.27.
- At least the total of Ni and Co is obtained while securing substantially the same or more chemical and mechanical properties in the surface layer portion of the conventional Ni—Co alloy plating and the plating layer. It is possible to provide a surface-treated steel sheet having an adhesion amount of 9.0 g / m 2 or more, a plating layer being hard, and having base material characteristics required for a battery can.
- FIGS. 1A and 1B are explanatory views schematically showing an example of the structure of the surface-treated steel sheet according to the present embodiment.
- the surface-treated steel sheet 1 according to the present embodiment includes at least a base steel sheet 11 and a Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 located on the base steel sheet 11.
- the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 according to the present embodiment may be provided on one surface of the base steel sheet 11 as schematically shown in FIG. 1A, or may be schematically shown in FIG. 1B. As shown in the figure, it may be provided on both sides of the base material steel plate 11.
- the surface-treated steel sheet 1 according to the present embodiment can be used as a material for containers (battery containers) of various batteries such as an alkaline manganese dry battery, a lithium ion battery, and a nickel hydride battery. It is processed into the shape of a battery container.
- the surface-treated steel sheet 1 according to the present embodiment can be used as a material of a positive electrode current collector of a battery using an alkaline aqueous solution as an electrolytic solution.
- FIG. 1A when the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 is provided on one surface of the base material steel plate 11, the base material steel plate 11 is formed on the side to be the inner surface of the battery container by press forming. It is preferable to provide a Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 on the side in contact with the alkaline solution.
- the Ni—Co—Fe alloy is obtained by sequentially applying Ni plating and Co plating to the base steel sheet 101 and then alloying by heating.
- the plating layer 13 is formed.
- the Fe concentration inside the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 decreases from the base steel sheet 101 side toward the surface of the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13,
- the Co concentration has a concentration gradient that decreases from the surface of the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 toward the inside of the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13.
- the “Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13” is not necessarily a Ni—Co—Fe ternary alloy in which the entire Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 is formed. It does not mean that.
- the base steel sheet 11 of the surface-treated steel sheet 1 according to the present embodiment is an Al-killed steel base steel sheet.
- an Al-killed steel-based steel sheet which is noted below, is a steel sheet that easily achieves both workability and a fine structure. It is suitable as a base material steel plate.
- the base material steel sheet 11 according to the present embodiment is, by mass%, C: 0.01 to 0.25%, Si: 0.1% or less, Mn: 0.05 to 0.90%, P: 0.020. %, S: 0.015% or less, sol. Al: 0.003 to 0.100%, N: 0.007% or less, B: 0 to 0.005%, the balance being Fe and impurities.
- C is an element that has a great effect on the crystal grain size and formability of the steel sheet.
- C advantageous texture as moldability contains less is easily formed, it is possible to increase the average plastic strain ratio r m as defined by the formula (I), refining the ferrite crystal grains This makes it difficult to produce rough skin in can processing. Such surface roughness during processing becomes remarkable when the content of C is less than 0.01%. Therefore, in the base steel sheet 11 according to the present embodiment, the content of C is set to 0.01% or more.
- the content of C is preferably 0.015% or more, and more preferably 0.02% or more.
- the content of C is set to 0.25% or less.
- the content of C is preferably 0.20% or less, more preferably 0.10% or less, and further preferably 0.05% or less.
- Si silicon
- Si silicon
- the content of Si is set to 0.1% or less.
- the content of Si is preferably 0.05% or less, more preferably 0.02% or less.
- the lower limit of the content of Si is not particularly limited, and may be 0%. On the other hand, in order to reduce the refining cost, the lower limit of the Si content may be set to 0.002%, 0.005%, or 0.01%.
- Mn manganese
- S sulfur
- MnS is precipitated during continuous casting to easily cause hot brittleness.
- the Mn content is set to 0.90% or less.
- the Mn content is preferably 0.70% or less, more preferably 0.50% or less, and still more preferably 0.35% or less.
- P phosphorus
- the base steel sheet 11 is contained as an impurity. Since P is an element that contributes to strength, 0.020% may be contained in the base steel sheet 11 at the upper limit. However, P is also an element that embrittles steel and impairs workability. Therefore, when it is not intended to ensure the strength by P, the P content is preferably 0.012% or less. From the viewpoints of toughness and workability, the content of P is preferably a lower value.
- the lower limit of the P content is not particularly limited, and may be 0%. On the other hand, in order to reduce the refining cost, the lower limit of the P content may be set to 0.001%, 0.002%, or 0.005%.
- S sulfur
- S sulfur
- the base steel sheet 11 As an impurity. If the S content exceeds 0.015%, red hot embrittlement is caused during hot rolling, or MnS is precipitated during continuous casting to cause hot embrittlement, leading to slab cracking. Therefore, in the base steel sheet 11 according to the present embodiment, the content of S is set to 0.015% or less. The smaller the content of S, the better. However, from the viewpoint of desulfurization cost, the lower limit of S is preferably set to about 0.0001%. In order to reduce the refining cost, the lower limit of the S content may be 0.0002%, 0.0005%, 0.001%, 0.002%, or 0.005%.
- Al (aluminum) is an element necessary for deoxidation of steel, and is an element that fixes solid solution N in steel as AlN and suppresses age hardening. To obtain these effects, the Al content needs to be 0.003% or more. In particular, for applications where age hardening should be severely suppressed, the Al content is preferably 0.015% or more. In addition, when the N fixing effect of Al is to be positively obtained (for example, when steel does not contain B (boron) and there is no alloying element fixing solid solution N other than Al), It is preferable that the content of Al be 0.030% or more.
- the base steel sheet 11 sets the Al content to 0.100% or less.
- the Al content is preferably 0.080% or less, more preferably 0.070% or less.
- Al is sol. It means Al (acid soluble Al).
- N is an element that age hardens the steel, reduces the press formability of the cold rolled steel sheet, and generates stretcher strain.
- N is an element that age hardens the steel, reduces the press formability of the cold rolled steel sheet, and generates stretcher strain.
- the base material steel sheet 11 according to the present embodiment when B is contained in steel, N is combined with B to form a nitride, so that age hardening due to solid solution N is suppressed.
- the N content exceeds 0.007% age hardening due to solid solution N tends to occur. Therefore, in the base steel sheet 11 according to the present embodiment, the content of N is set to 0.007% or less. Since the N content is preferably as low as possible, the lower limit of the N content is not particularly limited and may be 0%.
- the N content is preferably 0.0005% or more.
- the content of N is set to 0.002% or more. Is preferred.
- B is an optional additive element in the present embodiment.
- B is an effect of improving the r value (Lankford value) by texture control, an effect of bringing the in-plane anisotropy ⁇ r (anisotropy of the r value) defined by the following equation (101) close to 0, It is an element that exerts various effects such as an effect of reducing aging by fixing solid solution N that cannot be completely fixed as BN and an effect of refining crystal grains.
- the content of B is preferably 0.0005% or more, more preferably 0.0010% or more.
- the content of B is set to 0.0050% or less.
- the content of B is preferably 0.0030% or less, and more preferably 0.0020% or less.
- the mass% ratio B / N of B and N is in the range of 0.4 to 2.5.
- the balance of the chemical composition consists of Fe and impurities.
- the impurities are assumed to be ores, scraps, or impurities mixed from a manufacturing environment or the like as raw materials when the steel material is industrially manufactured.
- the impurities include Cu, Ni, Cr, and Sn.
- the preferred contents of these elements are Cu: 0.5% or less, Ni: 0.5% or less, Cr: 0.3% or less, and Sn: 0.05% or less.
- the base steel sheet 11 is preferably a cold-rolled steel sheet.
- the crystal grain size number of the ferrite grains (that is, the ferrite grain size number) is 10.0 or more.
- the crystal grain size number of the ferrite grains in the base steel sheet 11 is preferably 11.0 or more, 11.5 or more, or 12.0 or more.
- the upper limit of the crystal grain size number of the ferrite grains in the base steel sheet 11 is not particularly specified, but it is often difficult to make the crystal grain size number more than 14.5.
- the upper limit of the crystal grain number of the ferrite grains in the base steel sheet 11 may be 14.0 or less, 13.5 or less, or 13.0 or less.
- the grain size number of ferrite grains in the present embodiment means the grain size number of ferrite grains according to JIS G 0551 (2013).
- the particle size number is defined as the value of G calculated by the following formula (151) using the average number of crystal grains m per 1 mm 2 of the cross section of the test piece. May be positive, zero, or negative.
- the crystal grain size number of the ferrite grains is a value of G calculated by the above equation (151) using the average number m of ferrite grains per 1 mm 2 of the cross section of the test piece.
- a large crystal grain size number means that the average number of crystal grains m per 1 mm 2 of the test piece section is large, and it means that the ferrite grains are refined. means.
- the crystal grain size number of the ferrite grains as described above can be measured according to the method specified in JIS G 0551 (2013). For example, it is described in item 7.2 of JIS G 0551 (2013). It can be measured by the comparison method provided. More specifically, the crystal grain number of the ferrite grains can be measured by observing the entire thickness of the cross section parallel to the rolling direction (L direction) of the base steel sheet 11 by the above-described comparison method.
- Ni—Co-Fe alloy plating layer 13 (Regarding Ni-Co-Fe alloy plating layer 13) Subsequently, the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 according to the present embodiment will be described in detail.
- the entire plating layer is formed of a Ni-Co-Fe-based diffusion alloy plating layer (in other words, Ni-Co-Fe-based diffusion alloy plating layer). Fe is diffused to the surface of the Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13).
- the entire plating layer 13 is made of a Ni—Co—Fe alloy, and at least the outermost layer of the plating layer, that is, the surface of the plating layer and its vicinity are made of Ni—Co—Fe. It has a ternary alloy composition.
- the Co layer in the vicinity of the steel plate 11 of the plating layer has a relatively low Co concentration, and in some cases, has a binary alloy composition of Ni—Fe.
- a portion having a composition corresponding to ⁇ -Fe in the Fe—Ni phase diagram, in which Ni has been diffused and dissolved in Ni may be observed on the surface side of the base steel sheet 11 (in this case, The Ni present in the portion is included in the Ni adhesion amount in the measurement of the Ni adhesion amount using the acid dissolution method described later.) Since the Ni—Co—Fe diffusion alloy plating according to the present embodiment is more base than pure Ni, even if cracks (defects) reaching the base steel sheet 11 exist in the plating layer, the plating layer and the base metal It is characterized in that it is difficult to form a corrosion battery with Fe of the steel sheet 11 and corrosion from a defective portion does not easily progress.
- the surface-treated steel sheet according to the present embodiment aims at least to a Ni diffusion-coated steel sheet having a Ni adhesion amount of 9.0 g / m 2 or more and a thick plating layer equal to or more than the Ni adhesion amount, the Ni adhesion amount in the plating layer and Co
- the total amount of adhesion is 9.0 g / m 2 or more.
- the total of the Ni adhesion amount and the Co adhesion amount of the surface-treated steel sheet according to the present embodiment is 20.0 g / m 2 or less.
- Total Ni deposition amount and Co deposition amount is preferably 10.0 g / m 2 or more, 12.0 g / m 2 or more, or 14.0 g / m 2 or more.
- Total Ni deposition amount and Co deposition amount is preferably 18.0 g / m 2 or less, 17.0 g / m 2 or less, or 15.0 g / m 2 or less.
- the Ni deposition amount is in the range of 7.1 to 18.5 g / m 2 . If the amount of Ni is less than 7.1 g / m 2 , the required amount of Co to be added increases, which is contrary to the purpose of the present invention of reducing the amount of Co to be used. And Therefore, in the present embodiment, the Ni adhesion amount of the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 is set to 7.1 g / m 2 or more.
- the Ni adhesion amount of the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 is preferably 8.0 g / m 2 or more, 8.5 g / m 2 or more, or 9.0 g / m 2 or more.
- the amount of Ni deposited on the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 is preferably 16.5 g / m 2 or less, 15.0 g / m 2 or less, or 13.0 g / m 2 or less.
- the amount of Co adhesion is in the range of 0.65 to 3.6 g / m 2 .
- the Co adhesion amount is less than 0.65 g / m 2 , it is difficult to obtain the effect of suppressing the surface resistance of the plated steel sheet after the alloying treatment.
- the Co adhesion amount exceeds 3.6 g / m 2 , the production cost of the surface-treated steel sheet 1 according to the present embodiment increases, which is contrary to the aim of the present invention, and thus is out of the scope of the present invention.
- the amount of Co deposited on the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 is preferably 0.9 g / m 2 or more, 1.0 g / m 2 or more, or 1.1 g / m 2 or more.
- the amount of Co deposited on the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 is preferably 3.0 g / m 2 or less, or 2.5 g / m 2 or less.
- the above-described ratio of the Ni adhesion amount to the Co adhesion amount (more specifically, the ratio of the Co adhesion amount to the Ni adhesion amount) is 0.05 to 0. .27 or less.
- the ratio of the Ni deposition amount to the Co deposition amount in the above range, the Co deposition amount with respect to the total plating deposition amount is further suppressed, and the production cost is further reduced for the same performance target. It can be a film.
- the ratio between the amount of Ni and the amount of Co attached is more preferably 0.06 or more, or 0.08 or more.
- the ratio of the amount of Ni attached and the amount of Co attached is more preferably 0.22 or less, or 0.20 or less.
- the Ni adhesion amount and the Co adhesion amount of the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 are determined by adjusting the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 to an acid (for example, a mixed acid of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid [volume ratio 1: 1]). After dissolving the resulting solution, the obtained solution can be identified by analyzing it by ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma) emission spectroscopy. Further, the above ratio can be calculated based on the specified Ni adhesion amount and Co adhesion amount.
- an acid for example, a mixed acid of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid [volume ratio 1: 1]
- ICP Inductively Coupled Plasma
- the Co concentration is in the range of 20 to 60 at%, and the Fe concentration is in the range of 5 to 30 at%. . Note that such a composition is an atomic% when the Ni concentration + Co concentration + Fe concentration is 100 atomic%.
- the Co concentration in the outermost layer of the plating layer is less than 20 atomic%, the charge transfer resistance on the surface of the surface-treated steel sheet 1 cannot be sufficiently reduced, and the alkali resistance cannot be ensured.
- the Co concentration is preferably at least 25 at%, more preferably at least 30 at%.
- the Co concentration in the outermost layer of the plating layer exceeds 60 atomic%, the liquid leakage resistance decreases.
- the surface-treated steel sheet 1 according to the present embodiment by diffusing Fe to the outermost layer of the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13, the charge transfer resistance is reduced and the liquid leakage resistance (for example, The effect of Co, which contributes to imparting alkali dissolution resistance and slidability, can be replaced or assisted to reduce the amount of Co deposited.
- the Co concentration in the outermost layer of the plating layer 13 can be reduced to 60 atomic% or less, and the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the Co concentration is preferably at most 55 at%, more preferably at most 52 at%.
- the Fe concentration of the outermost layer of the plating layer is less than 5 atomic%, the slidability of the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 is insufficient, and adhesion to a die or the like occurs during press working. It is not preferable because it becomes easy.
- Fe also has the effect of reducing the charge transfer resistance on the surface of the plating layer 13 of the surface-treated steel sheet 1 like Co. By including Fe in the outermost layer of the plating layer, the effect of reducing expensive Co can be obtained. is there.
- the Fe concentration in the outermost layer of the plating layer 13 is preferably at least 8 at%, more preferably at least 12 at%.
- the Fe concentration of the outermost layer of the plating layer exceeds 30 atomic%, rust easily occurs from the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 itself, which is not preferable.
- the Fe concentration in the outermost layer of the plating layer is preferably 24 atomic% or less, more preferably 20 atomic% or less.
- the total of the Co concentration and the Fe concentration is preferably 65 atomic% or less, and the Co concentration of the outermost layer is Is preferably higher than the Fe concentration.
- the liquid leakage resistance for example, alkali dissolution resistance
- the total of the Co concentration and the Fe concentration in the outermost plating layer is more preferably in the range of 32 to 60 atomic%.
- the Co concentration, the Fe concentration, and the Ni concentration in the outermost layer of the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 can be measured by Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES).
- AES Auger Electron Spectroscopy
- the surface is converted into SiO 2 by argon ion etching in an AES apparatus.
- a portion corresponding to, for example, a thickness of 10 nm is removed from the surface layer of the treated steel sheet 1.
- the etching amount of in terms of SiO 2 mean etch depth if etched material was SiO 2.
- the amount of etching by argon ion etching differs depending on the type of the material to be etched even under the same etching conditions. Therefore, it is usual to estimate the etching amount based on the relationship between the etching condition and the etching amount in the standard material (SiO 2 ). Thereafter, the Ni, Co, and Fe concentrations were measured by an AES device at arbitrary nine locations in consideration of the variation in the measured values due to the measurement position, and two locations from the upper measurement limit and two from the lower measurement limit were measured. The average value of the measured values is calculated for the remaining five places excluding the five places. The average value obtained at this time can be used as the composition of the outermost layer of the surface-treated steel sheet 1.
- a region where the Fe concentration is 5 atomic% or more (more specifically, the total of the Ni concentration and the Co concentration is 10 atomic% or more, and (A region where the concentration is 5 atom% or more) exists with a thickness of 2 ⁇ m or more.
- a region where the total of the Ni concentration and the Co concentration is 10 atomic% or more and the Fe concentration is 5 atomic% or more is referred to as an “Fe diffusion region”.
- the thickness of the Fe diffusion region is less than 2 ⁇ m, the Fe concentration of the outermost layer of the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 cannot be set to 5 atomic% or more.
- the presence of the Fe-diffused region of 2 ⁇ m or more ensures that even when the battery is slid during insertion of the active material, a flaw that reaches a wide range of the base is not likely to occur. Conceivable.
- the thickness of the region where the Fe concentration is 5 atomic% or more may be 2.1 ⁇ m or more, 2.2 ⁇ m or more, or 2.5 ⁇ m or more.
- the upper limit of the thickness of the region where the Fe concentration is 5 atomic% or more is not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the Fe diffusion region as described above can be determined by analyzing the cross section of the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 according to the present embodiment using AES and performing a line analysis. It can be specified by measuring the distribution of the Ni, Co and Fe elements.
- the L section (section parallel to the rolling direction and the thickness direction) is polished, and then argon ion etching in an AES apparatus is performed to convert the surface of the sample cross section to a thickness of 50 nm in terms of SiO 2.
- the portion corresponding to the minute is subjected to argon ion etching to remove the processed layer generated by the polishing process.
- line analysis in the thickness direction of the plating layer is performed using an AES apparatus.
- a line analysis is performed with an AES device at any nine locations, and two locations are excluded from the upper limit of the thickness and two locations are removed from the lower limit of the thickness. It is preferable to calculate the average value of the measured thickness values for the remaining five places.
- Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 The details of the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 according to the present embodiment have been described above.
- the surface-treated steel sheet according to the present embodiment as described above can suppress an increase in surface resistance while realizing a reduction in the Co content. Further, since the surface-treated steel sheet according to the present embodiment has the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer in which Fe is diffused to the outermost layer of the plating layer, peeling of the plating layer hardly occurs, and the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating Since the layer is a hard and thick plating layer, when the active material is inserted, scratches that reach the steel plate of the base material are less likely to occur.
- the structure of the base steel sheet is composed of fine ferrite crystal grains, so that the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer is a hard and thick layer, Cracks that reach the base steel sheet hardly occur.
- the surface-treated steel sheet according to the present embodiment can improve the adhesion and workability of the alloy plating having a predetermined thickness while suppressing the amount of Co adhesion.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of the flow of the method for manufacturing a surface-treated steel sheet according to the present embodiment.
- the Al-killed steel-based cold-rolled steel sheet is subjected to a pre-cleaning treatment and Ni plating. It is preferable to perform Co plating and then perform continuous annealing. Thereby, in the continuous annealing step, recrystallization of the base steel sheet and alloying of Ni—Co—Fe can be performed at the same time, which is rational.
- the method for manufacturing a surface-treated steel sheet described in detail below has steps as shown in FIG.
- the method for manufacturing a surface-treated steel sheet for a battery container includes a step of plating Ni on a base steel sheet (Step S ⁇ b> 101); (Step S103) and a step of performing an alloying process on the base steel sheet plated with Ni and Co (step S105).
- the steelmaking conditions for obtaining the base steel sheet to be subjected to the Ni plating process are not particularly limited, and the slab (Al-) is produced by melting a steel having the chemical composition as described above.
- a base steel sheet can be obtained by performing a known process such as hot rolling and cold rolling on a slab (killed steel slab).
- the Ni plating step is a step of forming a Ni plating layer on the surface of the base steel sheet by electroplating the obtained base steel sheet (cold rolled steel sheet) using a high chloride bath. .
- the method for producing a surface-treated steel sheet in performing Ni plating on a cold-rolled steel sheet, it is preferable to employ an electroplating method using a specific chloride bath (that is, a high chloride bath). .
- a specific chloride bath that is, a high chloride bath.
- the Co deposition amount of the Co plating is 3.6 g / m 2 or less (approximately 0.4 ⁇ m or less in terms of plating film thickness).
- the Fe concentration in the outermost layer of the plating layer is 5 mass% or more without causing coarsening of the crystal grains of the base steel sheet. (I.e., even if the total adhesion amount of Ni and Co is 9.0 g / m 2 or more, while maintaining the state where the crystal grains of the base steel sheet are refined, Fe can be diffused to the surface layer.)
- the plating bath used for Ni electroplating is preferably a high chloride bath using an electrolyte having a chloride ion concentration of 35 g / L or more and a Ni ion concentration of 40 g / L or more. .
- the plating bath used for Ni electroplating is preferably a high chloride bath using an electrolyte having a chloride ion concentration of 35 g / L or more and a Ni ion concentration of 40 g / L or more.
- the chloride ion concentration in the Ni plating bath is preferably 35 g / L or more.
- the chloride ion concentration in a Watts (Watts) bath widely used for Ni plating is about 8.9 to 17.9 g / L (30 to 60 g / L in terms of nickel chloride hexahydrate).
- Ni deposited from a Ni plating bath having a chloride ion concentration of 35 g / L or more has a large internal stress, and the diffusion of Fe in the plating layer is faster.
- the upper limit of the chloride ion concentration is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of the solubility of nickel chloride, the chloride ion concentration is preferably set to 150 g / L or less.
- the chloride ion concentration in the Ni plating bath is preferably 45 g / L or more, or 50 g / L or more.
- the chloride ion concentration in the Ni plating bath is preferably 120 g / L or less, or 110 g / L or less.
- the Ni ion concentration in the Ni plating bath is preferably 40 g / L or more. However, if plating is performed for a long time while sacrificing productivity, it is possible to obtain a good surface-treated steel sheet even if the Ni ion concentration is less than 40 g / L.
- the upper limit of the Ni ion concentration is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of the solubility of nickel chloride, the Ni ion concentration is preferably set to 125 g / L or less.
- the Ni ion concentration in the Ni plating bath is preferably 45 g / L or more, or 60 g / L or more.
- the Ni ion concentration in the Ni plating bath is preferably 110 g / L or less, or 100 g / L or less.
- the sulfate ion in the Ni plating bath is not particularly limited, and may be a total chloride bath containing no sulfate ion. As in the Watts bath, the sulfate ion concentration is higher than that of the Watts bath. The bath may be higher than the substance ion concentration.
- the boric acid contained in the Watt bath is not particularly limited, it is possible to stabilize the pH of the plating bath by containing boric acid in the range of 15 to 60 g / L as in the Watt bath. ,preferable. Further, in addition to Ni ions, Na ions which are not electrodeposited from the aqueous solution may be contained as cations such as a supporting electrolyte.
- the pH of the Ni plating bath is not particularly limited as long as it is in a weakly acidic region. However, if the pH is too low, the steel sheet is likely to be dissolved, and if the pH is too high, plating burning is likely to occur. Is preferably 2.5 or more and 5.0 or less.
- the primary gloss additive represented by saccharin sodium does not actively add, since it has an action of relaxing the internal stress of Ni plating.
- a secondary gloss additive represented by 1,4-butynediol has an effect of increasing the internal stress of Ni plating, but the diffusion may be hindered by eutectoid C, so that it is positively added.
- the diffusion may be hindered by eutectoid C, so that it is positively added.
- the temperature (bath temperature) of the Ni plating bath is not particularly limited, and the effect of the plating bath can be obtained by setting the temperature to a known temperature range. However, if the bath temperature is too low, the current efficiency may be reduced or the stress may be relatively low. If the bath temperature is too high, a Ti basket packed with Ni chips for the anode may be used. Also, there is a possibility that the Ti plate of the base material of the insoluble anode (for example, an electrode obtained by coating a Ti base material with IrO 2 or the like) is easily dissolved. Therefore, in order to perform the operation more reliably, it is preferable that the bath temperature of the Ni plating bath is 40 ° C. or more and 60 ° C. or less.
- the current density at the time of performing the Ni electroplating is not particularly limited, and the effect of the plating bath can be obtained by setting the current density to a known range. However, if the current density is too low, the productivity may be reduced, and if the current density is too high, the current efficiency may be reduced or plating burn may occur. Therefore, in order to perform the operation more reliably, the current density at the time of performing Ni electroplating is preferably 5 A / dm 2 or more and 50 A / dm 2 or less. It should be noted that an LCC-H (Liquid Cushion Cell Horizontal) type plating cell [horizontal fluid-supported electrolytic cell, for example, iron and steel: 71 (13), S1276, 1985-09-05. ], The Ni electroplating may be performed at a higher current density.
- LCC-H Liquid Cushion Cell Horizontal
- the base steel sheet on which the Ni plating layer has been formed is subjected to Co plating to form a Co plating layer on the Ni plating layer.
- the Co plating layer can also be formed by electroplating using various plating baths usually used for Co plating.
- Such Co plating bath for example, CoSO 4 ⁇ 7H 2 O: 240 ⁇ 330g / L, H 3 BO 3: 20 ⁇ 55g / L, HCOOH: 15 ⁇ 30g / L, H 2 SO 4: 0.5 Co plating baths having a bath composition of up to 3 g / L can be mentioned.
- a Co plating layer can be formed by performing electroplating at a current density of 1 to 40 A / dm 2 at a plating bath pH of 2 to 3 and a bath temperature of 50 to 60 ° C. using such a plating bath. it can.
- the various electroplating conditions as described above, including the energization time are appropriately adjusted so as to be within the range of the adhesion amount as described above, and the desired To form a Ni plating layer and a Co plating layer with the adhesion amounts of.
- the alloying treatment step (step S105) is to perform an alloying treatment on the base steel sheet on which the Ni plating layer and the Co plating layer are formed to recrystallize the base steel sheet and to reduce the Fe content in the base steel sheet. And a step of heating and diffusing the Ni plating layer and the Co plating layer to form the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13.
- the alloying treatment step according to the present embodiment is a heat treatment step performed according to predetermined heat treatment conditions, but is an annealing step from the viewpoint of the base steel sheet, and is an alloying step from the viewpoint of the plating layer. It is a processing step.
- the heat treatment for annealing and alloying is preferably performed by continuous annealing rather than box annealing.
- box annealing variations in crystal grain size and characteristics may occur due to non-uniformity of temperature distribution in the coil.
- box annealing the coiled steel sheet is heat-treated, so that the plating surface and the steel plate surface adhere to each other in the case of single-side plating, and the plating surfaces adhere to each other in the case of double-side plating, and defects on the surface are eliminated. Can occur.
- the annealing atmosphere is preferably a non-oxidizing atmosphere such as N 2 + H 2 (eg, N 2 +2 to 4% H 2 ).
- the soaking temperature is equal to or higher than the recrystallization temperature and equal to or higher than 650 ° C., preferably within the range of less than Ac1 point, and more preferably within the range of 670 to 730 ° C.
- the soaking time is preferably in the range of 10 to 180 seconds, more preferably in the range of 20 to 120 seconds.
- Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 As the plating layer.
- the above soaking temperature and soaking time are much smaller than those in a normal alloying process. Therefore, according to the common technical knowledge, a Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer in which the total amount of Ni and Co is 9.0 g / m 2 or more and the Fe concentration in the outermost layer is 5 atomic% or more is considered. It is said that it is difficult to obtain the alloy under the above-mentioned alloying conditions.
- the soaking temperature exceeds the Ac1 point when the content of C is high, pearlite may precipitate in the cooling process, which is not preferable.
- the soaking temperature is lower than 670 ° C., the Fe concentration in the outermost layer of the Ni—Co—Fe alloy plating layer 13 is set to 5 atomic% or more even if the soaking time is set to 180 seconds. becomes difficult, also the recrystallization of the base material steel plate becomes insufficient, the average plastic strain ratio r m may be reduced.
- the soaking temperature exceeds 730 ° C., even if the soaking time is set to 10 seconds, the crystal grains become coarse, and the possibility that the target grain size number cannot be secured increases.
- the soaking temperature is more preferably in the range of 680 to 720 ° C., and the soaking time is more preferably in the range of 20 to 120 seconds.
- C in a solid solution state within the above soaking temperature range may remain in the steel sheet as solid solution C to cause age hardening.
- the cooling rate after annealing it is also possible to suppress such age hardening. For example, when the content of C exceeds 0.10% by mass, if the cooling rate after annealing is set to 80 ° C./sec or less, solid solution C precipitates as Fe 3 C and is fixed.
- the steel sheet that has been subjected to the above-described alloying treatment step may be further subjected to an overaging treatment in a temperature range of, for example, 400 to 550 ° C.
- an overaging treatment in a temperature range of, for example, 400 to 550 ° C.
- a temper rolling may be performed on the steel sheet that has been subjected to the above-described alloying treatment step (and further, an overaging treatment performed as necessary).
- the rolling reduction in the temper rolling is preferably, for example, 0.5 to 10.0%.
- the rolling reduction is less than 0.5%, the yield point elongation may occur due to aging at normal temperature.
- the rolling reduction exceeds 10.0%, the total elongation (ELongation: EL) is reduced, and the press formability (drawing workability) may be reduced.
- by performing the temper rolling within the range of the rolling reduction of 3.5% or less it is possible to produce a more excellent shape, and to adjust the yield strength by appropriately selecting the degree of temper. Becomes possible.
- the thickness (final thickness) of the surface-treated steel sheet according to the present embodiment is preferably 0.08 to 1.2 mm, more preferably 0.15 to 0.80 mm, and still more preferably 0.15 to 0 mm. .50 mm. If the final plate thickness exceeds 1.2 mm, it may be difficult to obtain excellent drawability. On the other hand, if the final sheet thickness is less than 0.08 mm, the sheet thickness of the hot-rolled steel sheet must be reduced, which may make the operation of the hot-rolling process difficult.
- the surface-treated steel sheet according to the present invention will be specifically described with reference to examples and comparative examples.
- the Example shown below is only an example of the surface-treated steel sheet which concerns on this invention, and the surface-treated steel sheet which concerns on this invention is not limited to the example shown below.
- Ni-plated and Co-plated by electroplating were applied to unannealed Al-killed steel (300 mm long ⁇ 200 mm wide) cold-rolled to 0.25 mm. Then, a heat treatment simulating a continuous annealing line was performed.
- Table 1 summarizes the chemical components of the Al-killed steel used in this experimental example.
- the steel type in which the column of B (boron) in Table 1 is blank indicates that the B content is less than 0.0001% by mass.
- Ni plating was performed by electroplating.
- the Ni plating baths used are summarized in Table 2 below.
- the pH of the plating bath was adjusted using basic nickel carbonate [Ni 4 CO 3 (OH) 6 (H 2 O) 4 ], and the plating bath temperature was 60 ° C. Common.
- Ni plates having a purity of 99.9% or more were used for the anodes, and the cathode current density was set to 20 A / dm 2 in common.
- the expression "high Cl bath” means "high chloride bath”. When a Ni—Co bath was used, Co plating was not separately performed.
- the plating bath temperature was common at 55 ° C.
- a Co plate having a purity of 99.9% or more was used for each of the anodes, and a common cathode current density of 20 A / dm 2 was used.
- the steel sheet subjected to the plating treatment as described above was subjected to a heat treatment (ie, an alloying treatment) simulating a continuous annealing line in an atmosphere consisting of H 2 : 4% by volume and the balance being N 2 .
- a heat treatment ie, an alloying treatment
- Temper rolling at a rolling reduction of 1.8% was performed on the plated steel sheet after the heat treatment step.
- Ni plating bath The type of Ni plating bath, the amount of Ni plating and Co plating used, and the alloying conditions after plating (soaking temperature and soaking time) used for Ni plating in each test example are also shown in Table 3 below.
- the surface of the obtained sample is sputtered with Ar ions by 10 nm in terms of SiO 2 to remove a contaminant layer (for example, an oxide layer or the like) which may be formed on the surface of the plating layer.
- a contaminant layer for example, an oxide layer or the like
- the composition of the region having a diameter of 800 ⁇ m was analyzed. The obtained results are also shown in Table 3.
- the profile of the Fe concentration in the plating layer depth direction in the plating layer cross section was also analyzed by AES according to the above-described method.
- a sample having a width of 10 mm in the C direction (a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction) was cut out from the center of the surface-treated steel sheet manufactured as described above.
- the obtained sample is embedded in resin so that a cross section parallel to the C direction and perpendicular to the L direction (rolling direction) can be observed, and after polishing and nital etching, the plating layer depth is determined by the AES. Line analysis was performed in the direction.
- the measurement was performed after 50 nm sputtering in terms of SiO 2 was performed using Ar ions.
- the obtained results are also shown in Table 3.
- the primary electron was 5 kV-100 nA
- the analysis area was about 20 ⁇ m ⁇ 30 ⁇ m
- the sputtering was Ar + 2 kV-25 mA
- the sputtering speed was about 15 nm / min (in terms of SiO 2 ).
- Ni adhesion amount and Co adhesion amount of plating layer are analyzed by dissolving a plated steel sheet in a mixed acid of concentrated hydrochloric acid and concentrated nitric acid (volume ratio of 1: 1), and performing ICP (Inductively Coupled Plasma: inductively coupled plasma) emission spectroscopy. Quantified. In this case, Ni and Co of the steel sheet after dissolution of the plating layer were measured using a fluorescent X-ray analyzer (scanning fluorescent X-ray analyzer ZSX PrimusII manufactured by Rigaku), and the intensity was found to change even after additional melting. Not being able to confirm the end point.
- ICP Inductively Coupled Plasma: inductively coupled plasma
- the electrolytic solution resistance of the surface-treated steel sheet manufactured as described above was evaluated. After press-working the obtained surface-treated steel sheet into a cylindrical can, the side surface of the can was cut out. The exposed surface of the cut sample was sealed to make the exposed area 1 cm 2, and the potential was maintained at 40 ° C. and the potential of manganese dioxide of the positive electrode (0.3 V vs. Hg / HgO) in 100 ml of a 7M-KOH aqueous solution for 20 days. Then, the amounts of Ni, Co, and Fe in the aqueous solution were evaluated by inductively coupled plasma (ICP) emission spectroscopy.
- ICP inductively coupled plasma
- the sum of the elution amounts of Ni, Co, and Fe is 1.1 of the sum of the elution amounts of Ni, Co, and Fe in the reference surface-treated steel sheet (the surface-treated steel sheet indicated as “reference” in Table 3 above).
- the score was less than 5 times, the score was "A" (pass), and when the score was 1.5 times or more, the score was "B" (fail).
- the results obtained are shown in Table 4 below.
- ⁇ Adhesion evaluation> A sample of 20 mm ⁇ 50 mm was punched out of the center of the surface-treated steel sheet manufactured as described above to obtain a measurement sample. The obtained sample was subjected to 0T bending, then bent back, and then subjected to a tensile test so that the elongation was 2%. An adhesive tape was attached to both surfaces of the sample after the tensile test, and a tape peeling test was performed. The case where the plating layer did not peel was evaluated as "A" (pass), and the case where the plating layer peeled was evaluated as "B" (fail). The results obtained are shown in Table 4 below.
- the surface-treated steel sheet corresponding to the examples of the present invention showed excellent evaluation results in all of conductivity, electrolyte resistance, adhesion, and scratch resistance.
- the surface-treated steel sheet corresponding to the comparative example of the present invention was inferior in at least any of conductivity, electrolytic solution resistance, adhesion, and scratch resistance.
- data of an example in which the amount of Ni attached is small and the amount of Co attached is large is also described. In these, a sufficient evaluation result is obtained because a large amount of Co compensates for the shortage of the Ni adhesion amount.
- these are shown in the table as reference examples outside the scope of the present invention, because they increase the required amount of Co to be deposited and contradict the aim of the present invention to reduce the amount of Co used.
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Abstract
Description
本願は、2018年7月6日に、日本に出願された特願2018-128846号に基づき優先権を主張し、その内容をここに援用する。
(i)Co/Niが所定範囲にある合金めっき浴を用いて、鋼板の表面にNi-Co合金めっき層を形成する方法
(ii)Ni-Co合金めっき浴を用いて、鋼板の表面にNi-Co合金めっき層を形成し、次いで、これに熱処理を施して、加熱拡散させる方法
(iii)鋼板の表面にNiめっき層、Coめっき層をこの順で形成し、次いで、これに熱処理を施して、加熱拡散させる方法
rm = (r0+2×r45+r90)/4 ・・・・・(I)
ただし、上記式(I)において、r0:圧延方向r値、r90:圧延直交方向r値、r45:45°方向r値であり、r値は、塑性歪比(Lankford値)である。
(B)Ni-Co合金を形成するためのCoは、Niよりも希少な金属であるために高価であり、Coの使用量をなるべく削減することが求められる。
かかる知見に基づき完成された本発明の要旨は、以下の通りである。
[2]前記Ni-Co-Fe合金めっき層の最表層において、前記Fe濃度と前記Co濃度の合計が65原子%以下であり、かつ、前記Co濃度は、前記Fe濃度よりも大きい、[1]に記載の表面処理鋼板。
[3]前記母材鋼板の前記フェライト粒度番号が、11以上である、[1]又は[2]に記載の表面処理鋼板。
[4]前記Ni-Co-Fe合金めっき層において、前記Ni付着量に対する前記Co付着量の比率が、0.05~0.27の範囲内である、[1]~[3]の何れか1項に記載の表面処理鋼板。
[5]電池缶に用いられる、[1]~[4]の何れか1つに記載の表面処理鋼板。
[6]アルカリ水溶液を電解液とした電池の正極集電体に用いられる、[1]~[4]の何れか1つに記載の表面処理鋼板。
[7]前記Co付着量が、0.9~3.6g/m2の範囲内である、[1]~[6]の何れか1つに記載の表面処理鋼板。
[8]請求項1に記載の母材鋼板の化学組成を有する鋼板に、塩化物イオン濃度が35g/L以上であるNiめっき浴を用いてNiめっきする工程と、前記鋼板にCoめっきする工程と、前記鋼板を合金化処理する工程と、を備える表面処理鋼板の製造方法。
まず、図1A及び図1Bを参照しながら、本発明の実施形態に係る表面処理鋼板の全体構成について説明する。図1A及び図1Bは、本実施形態に係る表面処理鋼板の構造の一例を模式的に示した説明図である。
続いて、本実施形態に係る表面処理鋼板1における母材鋼板11について、詳細に説明する。
以下では、本実施形態に係る母材鋼板11の化学組成について、詳細に説明する。
なお、以下の化学組成に関する説明において、「%」の表記は、断わりのない限りは、「質量%」を意味するものとする。
C(炭素)は、鋼板の結晶粒度及び成形性に非常に大きな影響を及ぼす元素である。Cの含有量が少ないほど成形性に有利な集合組織が形成されやすくなり、上記式(I)で規定される平均塑性歪比rmを大きくすることができるが、フェライト結晶粒を微細化することが困難となり、缶加工においては肌荒れを招きやすくなる。かかる加工時の肌荒れは、Cの含有量が0.01%未満となる場合に顕著となる。従って、本実施形態に係る母材鋼板11では、Cの含有量を、0.01%以上とする。Cの含有量は、好ましくは、0.015%以上であり、より好ましくは、0.02%以上である。一方、Cの含有量が増加すると、フェライト結晶粒の微細化は容易となるが、鋼板の強度が上昇して、絞り加工性の低下を招きやすい。また、焼鈍温度が二相域になると、パーライトが析出して、加工性が低下する場合がある。かかる加工性の低下は、Cの含有量が0.25%を超えた場合に顕著となる。従って、本実施形態に係る母材鋼板11では、Cの含有量を0.25%以下とする。Cの含有量は、好ましくは、0.20%以下であり、より好ましくは、0.10%以下であり、更に好ましくは、0.05%以下である。
本実施形態に係る母材鋼板11において、Si(ケイ素)は、鋼中に不純物として含有される。Siの含有量が0.1%を超える場合には、表面処理性を低下させる。従って、本実施形態に係る母材鋼板11において、Siの含有量は、0.1%以下とする。Siの含有量は、好ましくは0.05%以下であり、より好ましくは0.02%以下である。なお、Siの含有量の下限値は特に限定されず、0%としてもよい。一方、精錬コストの低減のために、Si含有量の下限値を0.002%、0.005%、又は0.01%としてもよい。
Mn(マンガン)は、母材鋼板11中に含まれる不純物であるS(硫黄)に起因する熱間圧延中の赤熱脆性を防止する上で有効な元素である。かかる赤熱脆性の防止効果は、Mnの含有量を0.05%以上とすることで発現させることができる。従って、本実施形態に係る母材鋼板11では、Mnの含有量を、0.05%以上とする。Mnの含有量は、好ましくは、0.10%以上であり、より好ましくは、0.15%以上である。一方、Mnの含有量が過大になると、鋼板が硬質化して、深絞り性が低下するとともに、連続鋳造中にMnSが析出して熱間脆性を引き起こしやすくなる。これらの現象は、Mnの含有量が0.90%を超える場合に顕著となる。従って、本実施形態に係る母材鋼板11では、Mnの含有量を0.90%以下とする。Mnの含有量は、好ましくは0.70%以下であり、より好ましくは、0.50%以下であり、更に好ましくは、0.35%以下である。
P(リン)は、母材鋼板11中に不純物として含有される。Pは、強度に寄与する元素であるため、母材鋼板11中に、0.020%を上限に含有させてもよい。ただし、Pは、鋼を脆化させて、加工性を損なう元素でもあるため、Pによる強度確保を意図しない場合は、Pの含有量は、0.012%以下とすることが好ましい。靭性及び加工性の観点からは、Pの含有量は、より低い値となることが好ましい。なお、Pの含有量の下限値は特に限定されず、0%としてもよい。一方、精錬コストの低減のために、P含有量の下限値を0.001%、0.002%、又は0.005%としてもよい。
S(硫黄)は、母材鋼板11中に不純物として含有される。Sの含有量が0.015%を超える場合には、熱間圧延中に赤熱脆性を引き起こしたり、連続鋳造中にMnSが析出して熱間脆性を引き起こし、鋳片割れを招いたりする。そこで、本実施形態に係る母材鋼板11では、Sの含有量を0.015%以下とする。Sの含有量は、少なければ少ないほど好ましい。ただし、脱硫コストの観点からは、Sの下限値は、0.0001%程度とすることが好ましい。精錬コストの低減のために、S含有量の下限値を0.0002%、0.0005%、0.001%、0.002%、又は0.005%としてもよい。
Al(アルミニウム)は、鋼の脱酸に必要な元素であり、また、AlNとして鋼中の固溶Nを固定して、時効硬化を抑制する元素でもある。これらの効果を得るためには、Alの含有量を0.003%以上とする必要がある。特に、時効硬化を厳しく抑制すべき用途の場合には、Alの含有量を、0.015%以上とすることが好ましい。また、AlのN固定効果を積極的に得ようとする場合(例えば、鋼がB(ホウ素)を含有することなく、Al以外に固溶Nを固定する合金元素が存在しない場合)には、Alの含有量を0.030%以上とすることが好ましい。一方、Alの含有量が多すぎると、アルミナクラスターなどに起因する表面欠陥の発生頻度が急増する。かかる表面欠陥の発生頻度は、Alの含有量が0.100%を超えた場合に急増するため、本実施形態に係る母材鋼板11では、Alの含有量を、0.100%以下とする。Alの含有量は、好ましくは、0.080%以下であり、より好ましくは、0.070%以下である。なお、本実施形態において、Alとは、sol.Al(酸可溶Al)を意味する。
Nは、鋼を時効硬化させる元素であり、冷延鋼板のプレス成形性を低下させ、ストレッチャーストレインを発生させる。本実施形態に係る母材鋼板11において、鋼中にBが含有される場合には、NはBと結合して窒化物を形成することにより、固溶Nによる時効硬化は抑制される。しかしながら、Nの含有量が0.007%を超える場合には、固溶Nによる時効硬化が生じやすくなる。従って、本実施形態に係る母材鋼板11では、Nの含有量を0.007%以下とする。なお、Nの含有量は、なるべく低い値であることが好ましいので、N含有量の下限値は特に限定されず、0%としてもよい。ただし、脱窒コストの観点からは、Nの含有量は、0.0005%以上であることが好ましい。なお、本実施形態において、鋼中にBが含有されない場合において、AlNを積極的に析出させて結晶粒の微細化を図る際には、Nの含有量を、0.002%以上とすることが好ましい。
B(ホウ素)は、本実施形態においては、任意添加元素である。Bは、集合組織制御によりr値(Lankford値)を向上させる効果、以下の式(101)で定義される面内異方性Δr(r値の異方性)を0に近づける効果、AlNとして固定しきれない固溶NをBNとして固定し、時効性を低減する効果、及び、結晶粒を微細化させる効果という、各種の効果を奏する元素である。AlによるN固定の効果があまり期待できない場合(例えば、鋼中のAl濃度が0.030%未満である場合や、熱間圧延工程前の鋳片加熱温度が1120℃を超える製造条件の場合等)においては、Bの含有量を、0.0005%以上とすることが好ましく、0.0010%以上とすることがより好ましい。ただし、Bの含有量が、0.0050%を超える場合には、上記の各種効果は飽和するとともに、表面欠陥の発生等の不具合を生じる場合がある。このため、Bの含有量は、0.0050%以下とする。なお、Bの含有量は、好ましくは、0.0030%以下であり、より好ましくは、0.0020%以下である。なお、Bによって固溶Nを十分固定するためには、BとNの質量%比率B/Nを、0.4~2.5の範囲とすることが好ましい。
ただし、上記式(101)において、
r0:圧延方向r値
r90:圧延直交方向r値
r45:45°方向r値
r値:塑性歪比(Lankford値)
である。
本実施形態に係る母材鋼板11において、化学組成の残部は、Fe及び不純物からなる。ここで、本実施形態において、不純物とは、鉄鋼材料を工業的に製造する際に、原料としての鉱石、スクラップ、又は、製造環境などから混入するもの等が想定される。上記不純物として、例えば、Cu、Ni、Cr及びSn等を挙げることができる。これらの元素の好ましい含有量は、Cu:0.5%以下、Ni:0.5%以下、Cr:0.3%以下、及びSn:0.05%以下である。
本実施形態に係る母材鋼板11において、フェライト粒の結晶粒度番号(すなわち、フェライト粒度番号)は、10.0以上である。結晶粒度番号が10.0未満である場合、缶形状に成形する際に、缶胴壁表面に肌荒れが発生しやすく、好ましくない。母材鋼板11におけるフェライト粒の結晶粒度番号は、好ましくは、11.0以上、11.5以上、又は12.0以上である。一方、母材鋼板11におけるフェライト粒の結晶粒度番号の上限は、特に規定するものではないが、結晶粒度番号14.5超とすることは困難な場合が多い。母材鋼板11におけるフェライト粒の結晶粒度番号の上限を、14.0以下、13.5以下、又は13.0以下としてもよい。
続いて、本実施形態に係るNi-Co-Fe合金めっき層13について、詳細に説明する。
本実施形態に係るNi-Co-Fe合金めっき層13において、Ni付着量は、7.1~18.5g/m2の範囲内である。Ni付着量が7.1g/m2未満である場合には、必要とされるCoの付着量が増加し、Coの使用量を節減するという本発明の狙いに反するため、本発明の範囲外とする。従って、本実施形態において、Ni-Co-Fe合金めっき層13のNi付着量は、7.1g/m2以上とする。一方、Ni-Co-Fe合金めっき層13におけるNi付着量が18.5g/m2を超える場合には、Coの付着量が1.5g/m2以下となり、合金化処理後のめっき層の最表層のCo濃度を確保することが困難になる。本実施形態において、Ni-Co-Fe合金めっき層13のNi付着量は、好ましくは、8.0g/m2以上、8.5g/m2以上、又は9.0g/m2以上である。Ni-Co-Fe合金めっき層13のNi付着量は、好ましくは、16.5g/m2以下、15.0g/m2以下、又は13.0g/m2以下である。
本実施形態に係るNi-Co-Fe合金めっき層13において、Co付着量は、0.65~3.6g/m2の範囲内である。Co付着量が0.65g/m2未満である場合には、合金化処理後のめっき鋼板の表面抵抗抑制効果を得ることが困難となる。一方、Co付着量が3.6g/m2を超える場合には、本実施形態に係る表面処理鋼板1の製造コストが増加して本発明の狙いに反するため、本発明の範囲外とする。本実施形態において、Ni-Co-Fe合金めっき層13のCo付着量は、好ましくは、0.9g/m2以上、1.0g/m2以上、又は1.1g/m2以上である。Ni-Co-Fe合金めっき層13のCo付着量は、好ましくは、3.0g/m2以下、又は2.5g/m2以下である。
本実施形態に係るNi-Co-Fe合金めっき層13において、上記のNi付着量とCo付着量の比率(より詳細には、Ni付着量に対するCo付着量の比率)は、0.05以上0.27以下の範囲内であることが好ましい。Ni付着量とCo付着量の比率を上記の範囲内とすることで、目的とする合金化処理後のめっき層の最表層の組成を一層実現しやすくなり、より優れた電荷移動抵抗の低減、耐漏液性(例えば、耐アルカリ溶解性)、及び、摺動性を実現しつつ、より優れためっき密着性(すなわち、Ni-Co-Fe合金めっき層13の密着性)を実現することができる。また、Ni付着量とCo付着量の比率を上記の範囲とすることで、総めっき付着量に対するCo付着量を一層抑制し、同等程度の性能目標に対しては、より製造コストを抑制しためっき皮膜とすることができる。Ni付着量とCo付着量の比率は、より好ましくは、0.06以上、又は0.08以上である。Ni付着量とCo付着量の比率は、より好ましくは、0.22以下、又は0.20以下である。
上記のように、本実施形態に係るNi-Co-Fe合金めっき層13では、めっき層の最表層までFeが拡散している。そのため、Ni-Co-Fe合金めっき層13の最表層において、Co濃度、Fe濃度及びNi濃度を規定することができる。
その後、測定位置に起因する測定値のばらつきを考慮して、任意の9か所について、AES装置によるNi、Co、Fe濃度の測定を行い、測定上限値から2か所、測定下限値から2か所を除外した残り5か所について、測定値の平均値を算出する。この際得られた平均値を、表面処理鋼板1の最表層の組成とすることができる。
本実施形態に係るNi-Co-Fe合金めっき層13において、Fe濃度が5原子%以上である領域(より詳細には、Ni濃度とCo濃度の合計が10原子%以上であり、かつ、Fe濃度が5原子%以上である領域)が、2μm以上の厚みで存在する。以下、上記のようなNi濃度とCo濃度の合計が10原子%以上であり、かつ、Fe濃度が5原子%以上である領域のことを、「Fe拡散領域」と称することとする。Fe拡散領域の厚みが2μm未満である場合には、Ni-Co-Fe合金めっき層13の最表層のFe濃度を5原子%以上とすることができない。なお、本実施形態に係る表面処理鋼板1では、上記Fe拡散領域が2μm以上存在することで、電池の活物質挿入時の摺動に際しても、下地の広範囲まで到達するような疵が生じにくいと考えられる。Fe濃度が5原子%以上である領域の厚みを2.1μm以上、2.2μm以上、または2.5μm以上としてもよい。Fe濃度が5原子%以上である領域の厚みの上限は特に限定されない。
続いて、図2を参照しながら、本実施形態に係る表面処理鋼板の製造方法について、詳細に説明する。本実施形態に係る表面処理鋼板の製造方法は、上述の母材鋼板11の化学組成を有する鋼板に、塩化物イオン濃度が35g/L以上かつNiイオン濃度が40g/L以上であるNiめっき浴を用いて、Ni付着量が7.1~18.5g/m2の範囲内となるようにNiをめっきする工程S101と、鋼板にCoをめっきする工程S103と、鋼板を合金化処理する工程S105と、を備える。図2は、本実施形態に係る表面処理鋼板の製造方法の流れの一例を示した流れ図である。
Niめっき工程(ステップS101)は、得られた母材鋼板(冷延鋼板)に対して、高塩化物浴を用いて電気めっきにより、母材鋼板の表面にNiめっき層を形成する工程である。
Coめっき工程(ステップS103)では、Niめっき層の形成された母材鋼板に対してCoめっきを施して、Niめっき層上にCoめっき層を形成する。Coめっき層についても、Coめっきで通常用いられている各種のめっき浴を用いて、電気めっきにより形成することができる。このようなCoめっき浴として、例えば、CoSO4・7H2O:240~330g/L、H3BO3:20~55g/L、HCOOH:15~30g/L、H2SO4:0.5~3g/Lの浴組成のCoめっき浴を挙げることができる。かかるめっき浴を用い、めっき浴のpH:2~3、浴温度50~60℃にて、電流密度1~40A/dm2の条件で電気めっきを行うことで、Coめっき層を形成することができる。
合金化処理工程(ステップS105)は、Niめっき層及びCoめっき層の形成された母材鋼板に対して合金化処理を施すことで、母材鋼板を再結晶させるとともに、母材鋼板中のFeとNiめっき層及びCoめっき層とを加熱拡散させて、Ni-Co-Fe合金めっき層13を形成させる工程である。本実施形態に係る合金化処理工程は、所定の熱処理条件に則して実施される熱処理工程であるが、母材鋼板の観点から鑑みれば焼鈍工程であり、めっき層の観点から鑑みれば合金化処理工程となっている。
各表面処理鋼板のL断面(圧延方向及び板厚方向に平行な断面)にて、光学顕微鏡観察を行い、冷延鋼板の組織を特定した。その結果、各表面処理鋼板の組織は、いずれもフェライト単相組織であった。更に、各試験番号の表面処理鋼板のフェライト粒の結晶粒度番号を、JIS G 0551(2013)に準拠して、上述の方法で求めた。得られた結果を表3に併記した。
上記のようにして製造した表面処理鋼板の中心部から、10mm×10mmの試料を打ち抜き、測定試料とした。得られた試料のめっき層最表層におけるCo濃度、Fe濃度、Ni濃度のそれぞれを、上述の方法に則してAES(パーキンエルマー社製、PHI-610走査型オージェ電子分光装置)により分析し、Ni、Co及びFeの濃度の和を100原子%とした場合の各元素の濃度を、原子%で算定した。この際、得られた試料の表面を、ArイオンによりSiO2換算で10nmスパッタして、めっき層の表層に形成されている可能性のある汚染層(例えば、酸化物層等)を除去した後、直径800μmの領域の組成を分析した。得られた結果を、表3に併記した。
また、めっき層断面におけるめっき層深さ方向のFe濃度のプロファイルについても、上述の方法に則してAESにより分析した。この際、上記のようにして製造した表面処理鋼板の中心部から、C方向(圧延方向に対して直交する方向)10mm幅の試料を切り出した。C方向と平行であり、かつ、L方向(圧延方向)に対して垂直な断面を観察できるように、得られた試料を樹脂に埋め込み、研磨及びナイタールエッチング後、上記AESによりめっき層深さ方向にライン分析を行った。この場合、研磨による加工層の影響を除くためにArイオンによりSiO2換算で50nmスパッタを行った後に測定した。得られた結果を、表3に併記した。なお、上記のAES測定に際して、一次電子:5kV-100nA、分析領域:約20μm×30μm、スパッタリング:Ar+ 2kV-25mA、スパッタリング速度:約15nm/min(SiO2換算)とした。
めっき層のNi付着量及びCo付着量は、めっき鋼板を濃塩酸と濃硝酸の混酸(体積比1:1)に溶解し、ICP(Inductively Coupled Plasma:誘導結合プラズマ)発光分光分析法により分析することによって定量した。この場合において、めっき層溶解後の鋼板のNi、Coを蛍光X線分析装置(Rigaku製走査型蛍光X線分析装置ZSX PrimusII)を用いて測定し、追加溶解してもその強度に変化が認められないことで終点を確認した。
上記のようにして製造した表面処理鋼板の導電性について、表面の電荷移動抵抗に着目して評価を行った。この際、製造した表面処理鋼板について、60℃、35%KOH水溶液中で、正極の二酸化マンガンの電位(0.3V vs.Hg/HgO)に10日間定電位保持した後、電気化学インピーダンス法により周波数0.1Hz時のインピーダンス値を評価した。この時、インピーダンスの値が50Ω未満であれば「評点A」(合格)とし、50Ω以上であれば「評点B」(不合格)とした。得られた結果を、以下の表4に示した。
上記のようにして製造した表面処理鋼板について、耐電解液性を評価した。得られた表面処理鋼板を、円筒缶にプレス加工後、缶側面部を切り出した。切り出した試料の端面をシールして露出した面積を1cm2とし、40℃、100mlの7M-KOH水溶液中で正極の二酸化マンガンの電位(0.3V vs.Hg/HgO)に20日間定電位保持し、水溶液中のNi、Co、Feの量を、誘導結合プラズマ(Inductively Coupled Plasma:ICP)発光分光分析法により評価した。このとき、Ni、Co、Feの溶出量の合計が、基準となる表面処理鋼板(上記表3において「基準」と表記した表面処理鋼板)におけるNi、Co、Feの溶出量の合計の1.5倍未満である場合を「評点A」(合格)とし、1.5倍以上である場合を「評点B」(不合格)とした。得られた結果を、以下の表4に示した。
上記のようにして製造した表面処理鋼板の中心部から、20mm×50mmの試料を打ち抜き、測定試料とした。得られた試料に対して0T曲げを施した後曲げ戻し、続いて、伸び率が2%となるように引張試験を施した。引張試験後の試料の両面に、粘着テープを張り付け、テープ剥離試験を行った。めっき層の剥離が生じなかった場合を「評点A」(合格)とし、めっき層の剥離が生じた場合を「評点B」(不合格)とした。得られた結果を、以下の表4に示した。
上記のようにして製造した表面処理鋼板について、耐傷付き性を評価した。得られた表面処理鋼板の表面に、MnO2のペーストを、乾燥状態での付着量が5g/m2となるように塗布し、乾燥させた。乾燥後、MnO2層上に鉄球を乗せ、荷重を1kg付与しながら10往復分鉄球を摺動させた。生じた傷の最深部をAES(前述のパーキンエルマー社製、PHI-610走査型オージェ電子分光装置)により分析し、Ni濃度及びCo濃度がそれぞれ5原子%以上であった場合を「評点A」(合格)とし、Ni濃度とCo濃度の少なくとも何れか一方が5原子%未満であった場合を「評点B」(不合格)とした。得られた結果を、以下の表4に示した。
11 母材鋼板
13 Ni-Co-Fe合金めっき層
Claims (8)
- 母材鋼板の少なくとも片面上に位置するNi-Co-Fe合金めっき層を備え、
前記Ni-Co-Fe合金めっき層は、Ni付着量が、7.1~18.5g/m2の範囲内であり、かつ、Co付着量が、0.65~3.6g/m2の範囲内であり、更に、Ni付着量とCo付着量の合計が、9.0~20.0g/m2の範囲内にあり、
前記Ni-Co-Fe合金めっき層の最表層において、Co濃度が、20~60原子%の範囲内であり、かつ、Fe濃度が、5~30原子%の範囲内であり、
前記Ni-Co-Fe合金めっき層において、Ni濃度とCo濃度の合計が10原子%以上であり、かつ、Fe濃度が5原子%以上である領域が、2μm以上の厚みで存在し、
前記母材鋼板の化学組成は、質量%で、
C:0.01~0.25%
Si:0.1%以下
Mn:0.05~0.90%
P:0.020%以下
S:0.015%以下
sol.Al:0.003~0.100%
N:0.007%以下
B:0~0.0050%
を含み、残部がFe及び不純物からなり、
前記母材鋼板のJIS G 0551(2013)で規定されるフェライト粒度番号が、10.0以上である、表面処理鋼板。 - 前記Ni-Co-Fe合金めっき層の最表層において、前記Fe濃度と前記Co濃度の合計が65原子%以下であり、かつ、前記Co濃度は、前記Fe濃度よりも大きい、請求項1に記載の表面処理鋼板。
- 前記母材鋼板の前記フェライト粒度番号が、11以上である、請求項1又は2に記載の表面処理鋼板。
- 前記Ni-Co-Fe合金めっき層において、前記Ni付着量に対する前記Co付着量の比率が、0.05~0.27の範囲内である、請求項1~3の何れか1項に記載の表面処理鋼板。
- 電池缶に用いられる、請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の表面処理鋼板。
- アルカリ水溶液を電解液とした電池の正極集電体に用いられる、請求項1~4の何れか1項に記載の表面処理鋼板。
- 前記Co付着量が、0.9~3.6g/m2の範囲内である、請求項1~6の何れか1項に記載の表面処理鋼板。
- 請求項1に記載の母材鋼板の化学組成を有する鋼板に、塩化物イオン濃度が35g/L以上であるNiめっき浴を用いてNiめっきする工程と、
前記鋼板にCoめっきする工程と、
前記鋼板を合金化処理する工程と、
を備える表面処理鋼板の製造方法。
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| WO2024209721A1 (ja) * | 2023-04-06 | 2024-10-10 | 日本製鉄株式会社 | 鋼板 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3819406A1 (en) | 2021-05-12 |
| KR102395426B1 (ko) | 2022-05-09 |
| EP3819406B1 (en) | 2025-09-10 |
| JP6729821B2 (ja) | 2020-07-22 |
| CN112368425A (zh) | 2021-02-12 |
| JPWO2020009213A1 (ja) | 2020-07-09 |
| EP3819406A4 (en) | 2021-12-15 |
| US20210269932A1 (en) | 2021-09-02 |
| KR20210019524A (ko) | 2021-02-22 |
| US11352682B2 (en) | 2022-06-07 |
| CN112368425B (zh) | 2024-03-05 |
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