WO2020020016A1 - Éléments de façade avec plaque de couverture structurée et couche d'interférence optique - Google Patents

Éléments de façade avec plaque de couverture structurée et couche d'interférence optique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020020016A1
WO2020020016A1 PCT/CN2019/096167 CN2019096167W WO2020020016A1 WO 2020020016 A1 WO2020020016 A1 WO 2020020016A1 CN 2019096167 W CN2019096167 W CN 2019096167W WO 2020020016 A1 WO2020020016 A1 WO 2020020016A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cover plate
optical interference
patterned region
interference layer
segments
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2019/096167
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English (en)
Inventor
Joerg Palm
Lutz Tautenhahn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CNBM Bengbu Design and Research Institute for Glass Industry Co Ltd
Original Assignee
CNBM Bengbu Design and Research Institute for Glass Industry Co Ltd
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by CNBM Bengbu Design and Research Institute for Glass Industry Co Ltd filed Critical CNBM Bengbu Design and Research Institute for Glass Industry Co Ltd
Priority to CN201980063677.0A priority Critical patent/CN112752889B/zh
Priority to KR1020217005828A priority patent/KR102475928B1/ko
Priority to JP2021504444A priority patent/JP7254161B2/ja
Priority to US17/263,129 priority patent/US12334860B2/en
Publication of WO2020020016A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020020016A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
    • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
    • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
    • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
    • H02S20/26—Building materials integrated with PV modules, e.g. façade elements
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04C—STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS; BUILDING MATERIALS
    • E04C2/00—Building elements of relatively thin form for the construction of parts of buildings, e.g. sheet materials, slabs, or panels
    • E04C2/54—Slab-like translucent elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F19/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one photovoltaic cell covered by group H10F10/00, e.g. photovoltaic modules
    • H10F19/80—Encapsulations or containers for integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, having photovoltaic cells
    • H10F19/85—Protective back sheets
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/30—Coatings
    • H10F77/306—Coatings for devices having potential barriers
    • H10F77/311—Coatings for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
    • H10F77/315—Coatings for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells the coatings being antireflective or having enhancing optical properties
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/40—Optical elements or arrangements
    • H10F77/42—Optical elements or arrangements directly associated or integrated with photovoltaic cells, e.g. light-reflecting means or light-concentrating means
    • H10F77/488—Reflecting light-concentrating means, e.g. parabolic mirrors or concentrators using total internal reflection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
    • H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
    • H10F77/70—Surface textures, e.g. pyramid structures
    • H10F77/707—Surface textures, e.g. pyramid structures of the substrates or of layers on substrates, e.g. textured ITO layer on a glass substrate
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

Definitions

  • the present invention is in the technical area of fagade production and relates to colored fagade elements with a patterned cover plate and at least one optical interference layer.
  • the fagade elements are intended to be used in particular in combination with colored solar modules.
  • the invention further extends to methods for producing the fagade elements according to the invention.
  • the use of solar modules as wall or fagade elements is currently a market that is still economically relatively small but very interesting ecologically.
  • the demand for the use of solar modules as integrated components of building envelopes is increasing.
  • Other interesting areas of application for solar modules are noise abatement walls (roadway, railway), privacy barriers in the outdoors, or walls for greenhouses.
  • These new applications make completely new demands on solar modules, in particular in terms of aesthetics, service life, and other functionalities such as sealing and thermal insulation.
  • the solar modules used for this would have to be available in various shapes, sizes, and colors and give the most
  • the color of a per se homogeneous surface of the solar module can depend on the viewing angle and/or angle of incidence. Moreover, the spectrum and the physical distribution (diffuse, focused) of the light also determine the color impression.
  • photovoltaically passive fagade elements made of sheet metal or other conventional construction materials can be used, whereby, obviously, their color should be as similar as possible to that of the colored solar modules.
  • the color of solar modules can change, depending on the origin of the color (absorption/re-emission, interference, refraction) under different lighting conditions, in particular depending on the type of light (diffuse, direct, light color), as well as due to a change in the incident angle and/or the viewing angle.
  • the photovoltaically passive fagade elements are made of materials different from the colored solar modules, this typically creates color contrasts that are undesirable from the standpoint of design.
  • the object of the present invention consists in making available a colored fagade element, whose color depends as little as possible on light conditions as well as on the viewing angle and the incident angle.
  • the passive fagade element should have the same angular dependence such that there is no undesirable optical contrast between fagade areas with active fagade elements and those with passive fagade elements.
  • the colored fagade elements can be produced in various sizes and shapes at acceptable costs and with satisfactory homogeneity.
  • the colored fagade elements should, in particular, serve to complement colored solar modules that are used as fagade elements.
  • the term "fagade element” refers to a structural component that is suitable and is intended to be able to be incorporated into a fagade as a visible pane element.
  • the fagade has an outer side and an inner side, with the outer side of the fagade viewable from the external environment.
  • the fagade is, for example, a building wall or a freestanding wall, which serves, for example, as a privacy wall or a noise barrier.
  • the fagade element can be integrated into a fagade as separate component, wherein the outer surface of the fagade element is part of the outer side or outer surface of the fagade.
  • the colored fagade element according to the invention is used in a fagade in combination with colored solar modules whose cover plates have at least one patterned region and at least one optical interference layer.
  • solar modules are described in the unpublished European patent applications EP18186153.5 and EP18186161.8. With regard to the structure and the use of these solar modules, reference is made to the disclosure of these two European patent applications in their entirety.
  • a colored fagade element that comprises a transparent (front) cover plate and an opaque back element mounted on the cover plate.
  • the opaque back element is photovoltaically passive, in other words, unsuited for photovoltaic energy generation.
  • the cover plate has an outer surface facing the external environment and an inner surface opposite the outer surface.
  • the opaque back element has a contact surface that is fixedly bonded to the inner surface of the cover plate.
  • the back element covers at least 70%, preferably at least 90%, particularly preferably at least 99%, of the inner surface of the cover plate. Particularly preferably, the back element covers the inner surface of the cover plate over its entire surface (100%, i.e., complete coverage).
  • the transparent cover plate is arranged on the front of the fagade element.
  • the cover plate is made of one and the same material, for example, glass or plastic, preferably soda lime glass.
  • the cover plate is a rigid glass or plastic plate.
  • the outer surface or inner surface of the cover plate is, in this case, formed from the respective material of the cover plate.
  • the cover plate is made of at least two different materials, with the outer surface and/or the inner surface of the cover plate formed from a material different from a core of the cover plate.
  • the core of the cover plate is preferably made of one and the same material, for example, glass or plastic, preferably soda lime glass.
  • Applied on the core of the cover plate, on the outside and/or the inside, is a material different from core of the cover plate, which is transparent and has the same optical refractive index as the material of the core of the cover plate.
  • the outer surface or inner surface of the cover plate is, in this case, formed by the respective material that is applied on the core of the cover plate.
  • cover plate also includes “composite body”, provided that the materials that form the cover plate are transparent and have the same optical refractive index.
  • the cover plate has no curvature and is thus planar (flat).
  • the cover plate can, however, also be curved.
  • the cover plate can be rigid or flexible. In the form of a flexible cover plate, it can be provided, so to speak, in planar form.
  • a plane is defined by the cover plate itself, which, in the context of the invention, means "plane of the cover plate”.
  • a local plane which also means "plane of the cover plate" can be defined by an
  • the opaque back element is arranged on the back of the fagade element.
  • the back element contributes to the coloring of the fagade element.
  • the back element is, for example, achromatic, dark, and matte.
  • the back element is colored, in order to give, in combination with at least one coloring optical interference layer, which is arranged on the cover plate, the fagade element a specific (predefined or pre-definable) color impression.
  • the term "transparency" or “transparent” refers to visible-light transmittance of at least 85%, in particular at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, in particular 100%. Typically, visible light is in the wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm.
  • opacity or “opaque” refers to visible-light transmittance of less than 5%, in particular 0%.
  • the percentage data refer to the intensity of the light, measured in each case on one side of the cover plate or the back element, based on the intensity of the light striking the other side of the cover plate or the back element.
  • a white light source (source for visible light) can be arranged, for example, on one side of the cover plate or the back element; and a detector for visible light can be arranged on the other side of the cover plate or the back element.
  • the values mentioned in the following for the optical refractive index always refer to the optical refractive index in the visible wavelength range from 380 nm to 780 nm.
  • the fagade element according to the invention gives the viewer, during illumination from the outer side with white light, in particular during illumination with sunlight, a homogeneous color impression in at least one section, in other words, the fagade element is colored.
  • the colored section extends over the entire outer surface of the fagade element.
  • Fagade elements with a homogeneous color impression on the entire surface are considered particularly attractive.
  • the color of the fagade element can be described by three color coordinates L*, a*, b*, wherein the color coordinates refer to the (CIE)L*a*b* color space known per se to the person skilled in the art, in which all perceivable colors are defined exactly.
  • each color is defined by a color location with the three Cartesian coordinates L*, a*, b*. Green and red are opposite one another on the a*-axis; the b*-axis runs between blue and yellow; the L*-axis describes the brightness (luminance) of the color.
  • the values can be converted into the Lhc color space, wherein L remains the same and the saturation of the radius and h is the angle of a color point in the a*b* plane.
  • the color of the fagade element is based on observation from the external environment, in other words, looking at the front cover plate.
  • the colorimetry or the determination of the color coordinates of the fagade element can be done in a simple manner by a commercially available colorimeter (spectrophotometer).
  • spectrophotometer is pointed at the outer surface of the front cover plate, in particular placed on the outer surface.
  • Common spectrophotometers enable standard-compliant colorimetry, with their structure and tolerances typically subject to international standards, for example, defined by DIN 5033, ISO/CIE 10527, ISO 7724, and ASTM E1347. By way of example, reference is made with regard to colorimetry to the standard DIN 5033 in its entirety.
  • a spectrophotometer has, for example, as a light source, a xenon flash lamp, a tungsten halogen lamp, or one or a plurality of LEDs, with which the outer surface of a body is illuminated with the light (e.g., white light) generated and light received from the fagade element is measured.
  • the light e.g., white light
  • the body color measured by the colorimeter results from the light reflected and re-emitted by the fagade element.
  • At least one surface (i.e., the outer surface and/or the inner surface) of the cover plate has at least one patterned region.
  • at least one coloring optical interference layer is arranged on the cover plate. This is explained in detail below.
  • the outer surface of the transparent cover plate has at least one patterned region, on which is arranged a coloring
  • the optical interference layer for reflecting light within a predefined or pre- definable wavelength range.
  • the optical interference layer ist preferably arranged directly (without another intermediate layer) on the outer surface of the cover plate.
  • the optical interference layer can be implemented single-ply or multi-ply, in other words, have one or a plurality of light-refracting plies (refraction layers).
  • the optical interference layer serves to generate the color of the fagade element, with the optical interference layer implemented such that a constructive or destructive interference of light that is reflected on the various interfaces of the optical interference layer is possible.
  • the color of the solar module results from the interference of the light reflected on the interfaces of the optical interference layer.
  • the optical interference layer Upon illumination with (white) light, in particular sunlight, the optical interference layer acts as a color filter to produce a homogeneous color.
  • the patterned region of the outer surface extends over the entire cover plate, i.e., over the entire outer surface of the cover plate, such that the entire fagade element has a homogeneous color.
  • the fagade element can also have multiple fagade element sections each with homogeneous color. The colors of the fagade element sections can be the same or different from one another.
  • the at least one patterned region has, perpendicular to the plane of the cover plate, a height profile with hills (elevations) and valleys (depressions), wherein a mean height difference between the hills and valleys is at least 2 p and, preferably, but not mandatorily, is a maximum of 20% of a thickness of the transparent cover plate.
  • at least 50% of the patterned region of the outer surface is composed of differently inclined segments or facets. The segments are sections of the surface of the cover plate directed toward the external environment and are implemented in each case as planar surfaces that are inclined relative to the plane of the cover plate.
  • At least 20% of the segments have, with reference to the plane of the cover plate, an inclination angle in the range from greater than 0° to a maximum of 15°; and at least 30% of the segments have an inclination angle in the range from greater than 15° to a maximum of 45°.
  • less than 30% of the segments have an inclination angle greater than 45°.
  • the patterns are preferably not periodic and anisotropic. However, for special optical effects, periodic structures and anisotropic structures can also be used.
  • the segments are in each case flat (planar) and have a segment area of at least 1 pm 2 . It is also true that in at least one zone (i.e., subregion) of the patterned region, the segments have in each case a mean roughness of less than 15% of a layer thickness of the optical interference layer that is applied on the patterned region. If the optical interference layer consists of multiple refraction layers, the segments of the at least one zone have in each case a mean roughness of less than 15% of a layer thickness of the refraction layer with the smallest layer thickness.
  • the zone in which the segments each have a mean roughness of less than 15% of the layer thickness of the optical interference layer can correspond to the patterned region, i.e., the zone and the patterned region are then identical.
  • the patterned region can, for example, be produced by etching, sandblasting, or rolling of the cover plate.
  • the at least one patterned region of the cover plate of the fagade element has, per the first aspect of the invention, a plurality of flat (planar) segments.
  • flat (planar) segments can be formed by non-curved surfaces. It is, however, also possible for flat (planar) segments to be formed by slightly curved surfaces.
  • a segment is slightly curved when the following is true for each point of the segment: if, at a point of the segment, an (imaginary) tangential plane with an area of 1 pm 2 is constructed, the distance between the surface of the segment and the tangential plane based on the normal direction relative to the tangential plane is less than 50 nm.
  • patterning or “patterned region” refers, in connection with the fagade element per the first aspect of the invention, to a region of the outer surface or the inner surface of the cover plate in which the features described in the immediately preceding paragraph are present in combination.
  • the patterned region By means of the features of the patterned region, it can advantageously be ensured that upon illumination of the cover plate with light, even upon viewing outside the glancing angle (angle of incidence of the incident light corresponds to the angle of reflection of the reflected light, with reference to the plane of the cover plate), light is reflected with relatively high intensity.
  • the reason for this is the differently inclined segments that are present in sufficient number, suitable size, and suitable inclination angles to enable high intensity of the reflected light, even upon viewing outside the glancing angle.
  • Glancing angle refers to the normal relative to the plane of the cover plate, in distinction from the “local glancing angle”, which refers to the normal relative to the plane of a segment. Glancing angles and local glancing angles can be equal (segment is parallel relative to the plane of the cover plate), but are, generally speaking, different (segment is inclined relative to the plane of the cover plate).
  • the intensity of the light not reflected in the glancing angle is relatively high and in comparison with a reflecting surface without such a patterned region, has only little angular dependence relative to the incident direction and the viewing direction.
  • the optical interference layer By means of the optical interference layer, the light reflected outside the glancing angle can, depending on the refractive index and layer thickness of the optical interference layer, be subjected to a color selection such that the surface of the cover plate has a homogeneous color with relatively little angular dependence.
  • the interference layer acts as a filter with the most narrowband reflection possible and broadband transmittance.
  • the patterned region has a height profile, in which a mean height difference between the hills and valleys is at least 2 p , preferably at least 10 pm, and particularly preferably at least 15 pm.
  • a patterned region can be produced by etching of the cover plate (e.g., cover glass).
  • the patterned region has a height profile, in which a mean height difference between the hills and valleys is at least 50 pm, preferably at least 100 pm.
  • Such a patterned region can be produced by rolling of the cover plate (e.g., cover glass).
  • the invention advantageously extends to a fagade element, of which at least one patterned region of the cover plate is produced by etching or rolling, by which means said height profiles can be produced.
  • the patterns can, however, also be produced by applying a transparent and patterned layer on the cover plate.
  • the layer must have the same (or at least a very similar) refractive index as the cover plate.
  • the patterning of a surface of the cover plate should also include applying such a transparent and patterned layer.
  • the properties of the patterned region of the cover plate mentioned can be determined by conventional measuring devices, such as a microscope, in particular a confocal microscope or stylus profilometer.
  • a brightness L of the reflected light of at least 10 occurs.
  • a brightness L of the reflected light of at least 15 and more preferably at least 20 occurs.
  • a black cover is mounted on the side of the (uncoated) cover plate facing away from the side (i.e., inner surface) to be characterized.
  • a D65 illuminant is used for the measurement and the brightness L is measured with a commercially available multi-angle spectrophotometer (10° aperture angle). The measurement setup is explained in detail below in connection with Fig. 26. In this context, reference is made to the European standard EN ISO 11664-4 in its entirety.
  • the invention extends accordingly per the first aspect of the invention to a fagade element, comprising a transparent cover plate and an opaque back element mounted on the cover plate, wherein the cover plate has an outer surface facing the external environment and an inner surface facing the back element, wherein the outer surface has at least one patterned region, on which an optical interference layer for reflecting light within a predefined wavelength range is arranged, wherein the patterned region has the following features:
  • a height profile having hills and valleys, wherein a mean height difference between the hills and valleys is at least 2 pm
  • at least 50% of the patterned region is composed of segments that are inclined relative to the plane of the cover plate, wherein, with reference to the plane of the cover plate, at least 20% of the segments have an inclination angle in the range from greater than 0° to a maximum of 15°, and at least 30% of the segments have an inclination angle in the range from greater than 15° to a maximum of 45°, wherein
  • the segments are in each case flat and have a segment area of at least 1 pm 2 , wherein the segments have in each case a mean roughness of less than 15% of a layer thickness of the optical interference layer on the outer surface.
  • the patterned, uncoated cover plate provided with a black back surface it is advantageous for the patterned, uncoated cover plate provided with a black back surface, to be implemented such that with a viewing angle of 45° and 15° (based in each case on the plane of the cover plate) and an angle of incidence that deviates by 45° from the respective glancing angle (in both directions), a brightness L of the reflected light of at least 10, at least 15, or at least 20 occurs.
  • the invention equally extends per the first aspect of the invention to a fagade element comprising a transparent cover plate and an opaque back element mounted on the cover plate, wherein the cover plate has an outer surface facing the external environment and an inner surface facing the back element, wherein the outer surface has at least one patterned region, on which an optical interference layer for reflecting light within a predefined wavelength range is arranged, wherein the uncoated cover plate provided with a black back surface and having at least one patterned region is implemented such that with a viewing angle of 45° and 15° (based in each case on the plane of the cover plate) and an angle of incidence that deviates by 45° from the respective glancing angle (in both directions), a brightness L of the reflected light of at least 10, at least 15, or at least 20 occurs
  • the outer surface of the cover plate is provided with at least one patterned region, on which a coloring optical interference layer is arranged.
  • the inner surface of the cover plate has no patterned region and no optical interference layer.
  • the inner surface is preferably smooth (within the limits of production
  • the optical interference layer is preferably arranged directly on the outer surface of the cover plate (in other words, without an additional intermediate layer).
  • the outer surface of the cover plate is provided with at least one patterned region, on which a coloring optical interference layer is arranged.
  • the inner surface has no patterned region, with another optical interference layer for reflecting light within a predefined wavelength range arranged on the inner surface of the cover plate.
  • the inner surface is preferably smooth (within the limits of production imprecisions).
  • the two optical interference layers for reflecting light can be implemented within different or only partially overlapping wavelength ranges.
  • the layer thicknesses and refractive indices of the two optical interference layers can be the same or different from one another. By this measure, the color of the fagade element can be even better defined. In addition, mixed colors can be generated.
  • the outer surface of the cover plate is provided with at least one patterned region, on which a coloring optical interference layer is arranged.
  • the inner surface has at least one patterned region, on which an optical interference layer for reflecting light within a predefined wavelength range is arranged.
  • the statements in this regard in the immediately preceding embodiment of the fagade element apply analogously, wherein the layer thicknesses and refractive indices of the two optical interference layers can be the same or different from one another.
  • the color of the facade element can be even better defined.
  • mixed colors can be generated.
  • a fagade element with a transparent cover plate and an opaque back element mounted on the cover plate is presented.
  • the differences relative to the fagade element per the first aspect of the invention are described, and, otherwise, reference is made to the statements above.
  • statements above concerning the optical interference layer(s) apply analogously.
  • the at least one patterned region of the cover plate of the fagade element per the second aspect of the invention differs from the at least one patterned region of the cover plate of the fagade element per the first aspect of the invention, as is explained below.
  • a coloring optical interference layer for reflecting light within a predefined or pre-definable wavelength range is arranged on the inner surface of the cover plate.
  • the optical interference layer is preferably arranged directly (without another intermediate layer) on the inner surface of the cover plate.
  • the inner surface and/or the outer surface of the cover plate has in each case at least one patterned region, provided that either the outer surface has at least one patterned region or an additional optical interference layer for reflecting light within a predefined or pre-definable wavelength range is arranged on the outer surface.
  • the optical interference layer is preferably arranged directly (without another intermediate layer) on the outer surface of the cover plate. This means that no optical interference layer is arranged on the outer surface when the outer surface has at least one patterned region.
  • the at least one patterned region of the cover plate of the fagade element per the second aspect of the invention has, perpendicular to the plane of the cover plate, a height profile with hills (elevations) and valleys (depressions), wherein a mean height difference between the hills and valleys is at least 2 pm and, preferably, but not mandatorily, is a maximum of 20% of a thickness of the transparent cover plate. Also, at least 50% of the patterned region of the outer surface is composed of differently inclined segments or facets.
  • At least 20% of the segments have, with reference to the plane of the cover plate, an inclination angle in the range from greater than 0° to a maximum of 15° and at least 30% of the segments have an inclination angle in the range from greater than 15° to a maximum of 45°.
  • less than 30% of the segments have an inclination angle greater than 45°.
  • the patterns are preferably not periodic and anisotropic. However, for special optical effects, periodic structures and anisotropic structures can also be used.
  • the segments of the patterned region of the inner surface are in each case flat, have a segment area of at least 1 pm 2 and a mean roughness of less than 15% of a layer thickness of the optical interference layer on the inner surface.
  • the segments of the at least one zone have in each case a mean roughness of less than 15% of a layer thickness of the refraction layer with the smallest layer thickness.
  • the zone, in which the segments have in each case a mean roughness of less than 15% of the layer thickness of the optical interference layer can correspond to the patterned region, i.e. , the zone and the patterned region are then identical.
  • the requirement for the roughness of the segments only has to be met if an optical interference layer is arranged on a patterned region. This is true only for the at least one patterned region of the inner surface.
  • the outer surface has at least one patterned region, there is no requirement for the roughness of the segments of the patterned region, because the outer surface either has at least one patterned region or an optical interference layer is arranged on the outer surface, but there is no optical interference layer on a patterned region of the outer surface.
  • the patterned region has a plurality of flat (planar) segments.
  • flat (planar) segments can be formed by non-curved surfaces. It is, however, also possible for flat (planar) segments to be formed by slightly curved surfaces.
  • a segment is slightly curved when the following is true for each point of the segment: if at a point of the segment, an
  • patterning or “patterned region” refers, in connection with the fagade element per the second aspect of the invention, to a region of the outer surface or the inner surface of the cover plate in which the features described in the immediately preceding paragraph are present in combination.
  • the interference layer acts as a filter with the best possible narrowband reflection and broadband transmittance.
  • a brightness L of the reflected light of at least 10 occurs.
  • a brightness L of the reflected light of at least 15 and more preferably of at least 20 occurs.
  • a black cover is mounted on the side of the (uncoated) cover plate facing away from the side (i.e. , inner surface) to be characterized.
  • a D65 illuminant is used for the measurement and the brightness L is measured with a commercially available multi-angle spectrophotometer (10° aperture angle).
  • the measurement setup is explained in detail below in connection with Fig. 26.
  • the invention extends accordingly per the second aspect of the invention to a fagade element, comprising a transparent cover plate and an opaque back element mounted on the cover plate, wherein the cover plate has an outer surface facing the external environment and an inner surface facing the back element, wherein an optical interference layer for reflecting light within a predefined wavelength range is arranged on the inner surface, wherein the inner surface and/or the outer surface has in each case at least one patterned region, wherein either the outer surface has at least one patterned region or another optical interference layer for reflecting light within a predefined wavelength range is arranged on the outer surface, wherein the patterned region has the following features:
  • a height profile having hills and valleys, wherein a mean height difference between the hills and valleys is at least 2 pm
  • at least 50% of the patterned region is composed of segments that are inclined relative to the plane of the cover plate, wherein, with reference to the plane of the cover plate, at least 20% of the segments have an inclination angle in the range from greater than 0° to a maximum of 15°, and at least 30% of the segments have an inclination angle in the range from greater than 15° to a maximum of 45°, wherein
  • the segments of the patterned region of the inner surface are in each case flat, have a segment area of at least 1 pm 2 and a mean roughness of less than 15% of a layer thickness of the optical interference layer on the inner surface.
  • the invention equally extends per the second aspect of the invention to a fagade element, comprising a transparent cover plate and an opaque back element mounted on the cover plate, wherein the cover plate has an outer surface facing the external environment and an inner surface facing the back element, wherein an optical interference layer for reflecting light within a predefined wavelength range is arranged on the inner surface, wherein the inner surface and/or the outer surface has in each case at least one patterned region, wherein either the outer surface has at least one patterned region or another optical interference layer for reflecting light within a predefined wavelength range is arranged on the outer surface, wherein the uncoated cover plate provided with a black back surface and having at least one patterned region is implemented such that with a viewing angle of 45° and 15° (based in each case on the plane of the cover plate) and an angle of incidence that deviates by 45° from the respective glancing angle (in both directions), a brightness L of the reflected light of at least 10, at least 15, or at least 20 occurs
  • a viewing angle of 45° and 15° based in
  • the inner surface is preferably smooth (within the limits of production imprecisions).
  • the segments of the patterned region of the outer surface of the fagade element there is no requirement for roughness.
  • the patterned outer surface can even have relatively great microscopic roughness. At this interface, only transmittance, refraction, and scattering occur, but no interference.
  • an additional layer on the outer surface can also have the same refractive index as the cover plate.
  • the layer serves only for protection of the cover plate against moisture and other corrosive components of the air. It has been found that glasses satinized by etching are more sensitive to moist heat than planar or rolled glasses.
  • the additional layer can be, for example, a thin sputtered S1O 2 layer.
  • an optical interference layer is arranged on the inner surface of the cover plate, wherein the inner surface of the cover plate has at least one patterned region and the outer surface has at least one patterned region, with no further optical interference layer arranged on the outer surface.
  • the patterned region of the inner surface and the patterned region of the outer surface can be the same or different from one another. For the segments of the patterned region of the outer surface of the fagade element, there is no requirement for the roughness. The patterned outer surface can even have relatively great microscopic roughness. At this interface, only transmittance, refraction, and scattering occur, but no interference.
  • the aforementioned requirement for roughness applies to the segments of the patterned region of the inner surface of the fagade element, since an optical interference layer is arranged on the patterned region.
  • the angular stability results from the fact that the light is refracted upon entry through the patterned outer surface on the differently inclined segments, strikes the interference layer at different angles, and, after interference and reflection, passes an additional time through the patterned outer surface while exiting from the cover plate, and changes its direction again due to refraction.
  • an optical interference layer is arranged on the inner surface of the cover plate, wherein the inner surface of the cover plate has at least one patterned region and the outer surface has no patterned region, with no further optical interference layer arranged on the outer surface.
  • the outer surface is preferably smooth (within the limits of production imprecisions). The aforementioned requirement for roughness applies to the segments of the patterned region of the inner surface of the fagade element since an optical interference layer is arranged on the patterned region.
  • the outer surface of the cover plate can be coated with a (for example, thin) antireflection layer whose index of refraction is smaller than that of the cover plate.
  • an optical interference layer is arranged on the inner surface of the cover plate, wherein the inner surface of the cover plate has at least one patterned region and the outer surface has no patterned region, with a further optical interference layer arranged on the outer surface.
  • the outer surface is preferably smooth (within the limits of production imprecisions). The aforementioned requirement for roughness applies to the segments of the patterned region of the inner surface of the fagade element since an optical interference layer is arranged on the patterned region.
  • the two optical interference layers can be the same or different from one another. In particular, the two optical interference layers for reflecting light can be implemented within one and the same wavelength range.
  • the interference layer on the smooth outer side can also be a color-neutral antireflection layer in order to reduce the white component of the reflected light as a whole.
  • the color is created by reflection on the patterned inner side with the interference layer.
  • the interference layer on the smooth outer side can however also be a coloring layer that intensifies the color generated on the inner side or mixes therewith an additional color component with a different wavelength. It is common to all above-described embodiments of the second aspect of the invention that the light must pass at least once through the cover plate and be reflected on the inner interference layer in order to achieve, after exit, the desired chromaticity with improved angular stability.
  • the following statements refer equally to the fagade element per the first or second aspect of the invention.
  • the patterned cover plate As a result of the patterned cover plate, light is reflected with high intensity and low angular dependence even outside the glancing angle. As a result of the at least one optical interference layer, which acts to give color, a very homogeneous color impression is produced.
  • At least 80%, particularly preferably at least 90%, of a patterned region of the outer surface or the inner surface (depending on which surface is patterned) is composed of the segments inclined relative to the plane of the cover plate.
  • At least 30% of the segments at least of one patterned region have an inclination angle in the range from greater than 0° to a maximum of 15°; at least 40% of the segments have an inclination angle in the range from greater than 15° to a maximum of 45°, and preferably, but not mandatorily, less than 10% of the segments have an inclination angle greater than 45°.
  • At least 40% of the segments have an inclination angle in the range from greater than 0° to a maximum of 15°; at least 50% of the segments have an inclination angle in the range from greater than 15° to a maximum of 45°; and preferably, but not mandatorily, less than 10% of the segments have an inclination angle greater than 45°. If relatively many facets with a small inclination angle of less than 15° are present, essentially only a reflected intensity at a viewing angle near the glancing angle occurs (as in the case of an unpatterned surface), which is undesirable according to the invention.
  • the segments have in each case an inclination angle that is greater than 0° and is a maximum of 45°.
  • a very high intensity of reflected light can be achieved even outside the glancing angle with, at the same time, particularly little angular dependence of the intensity.
  • the patterns are preferably not periodic and anisotropic. However, for specific optical effects periodic patterns and/or anisotropic patterns can also be used. Periodic and anisotropic patterns such as pyramids, tetragonal or hexagonal honeycomb patterns, or hemispheres can also be produced well with rolling during glass drawing. They can be used for attractive gloss and color effects.
  • the fagade elements When the surface patterns satisfy the aforementioned conditions, the fagade elements in turn present a significantly reduced decrease in chromaticity for angles outside the glancing angle; however, the angle dependences are then anisotropic relative to the orientation on in the plane of the cover plate.
  • the at least one optical interference layer can include one or a plurality of refraction layers and, in particular, be made thereof.
  • a refraction layer is made of one and the same material (with the same composition) and has in particular a homogeneous (equal) refractive index over the entire layer thickness.
  • the optical interference layer includes multiple refraction layers, at least two refraction layers are made of a material different from one another and have a different refractive index.
  • At least one refraction layer has a refractive index n greater than 1.7, preferably greater than 2.0, and particularly preferably greater than 2.3.
  • the greater the refractive index the lower the angular dependence of the reflected light , such that the angular dependence of the color impression can be further reduced.
  • the optical interference layer contains at least one compound, selected from TiO x , ZrO x , SiC, and S13N4. If the optical interference layer has two, three, or more plies, the optical interference layer preferably contains at least one compound, selected from MgF2, AI2O3, S1O2, and silicon oxynitride. These are compounds with a relatively low refractive index.
  • the fagade element according to the invention due to the combination of a patterned surface with an optical interference layer that has only a small number of refraction layers (e.g., one to three refraction layers), a good color impression can already be achieved. As a result of the small number of refraction layers, the production of the fagade element is simplified and the production costs are reduced.
  • a small number of refraction layers e.g., one to three refraction layers
  • At least one optical interference layer (in particular all optical interference layers) of the fagade element includes exactly one refraction layer (or is made thereof), whose refractive index n is greater than 1.9, preferably greater than 2.3.
  • At least one optical interference layer (in particular all optical interference layers) of the fagade element includes exactly two refraction layers (or is made thereof), wherein a first refraction layer with a first refractive index n1 is present on the cover plate with a refractive index nd and a second refraction layer with a second refractive index n2 is present on the first refraction layer.
  • > 0.3
  • n2-n1 > 0.3
  • at least one of the refractive indices n1 or n2 is greater than 1.9, preferably greater than 2.3.
  • At least one optical interference layer (in particular all optical interference layers) of the fagade element includes exactly three refraction layers (or is made thereof), wherein a first refraction layer with a first refractive index n1 is present on the cover plate with a refractive index nd, a second refraction layer with a second refractive index n2 is present on the first refraction layer, and a third refraction layer with a third refractive index n3 is present on the second refraction layer.
  • the values of the refractive indices behave alternatingly: either n1 > n2 and n3 > n2 or n1 ⁇ n2 and n3 ⁇ n2.
  • at least one of the refractive indices n1 , n2, or n3 is greater than 1.9, preferably greater than 2.3.
  • Interference layers of layer stacks with more than three layers in combination with the patterned cover plate according to the invention and the embodiments presented also fall within the scope of the invention, but are more complex to produce.
  • a four-ply layer of refractive layers with alternating high and low refractive indices for example, the bandwidth of the reflected light can be further reduced with improved transmittance.
  • a reflection of the incident light beam occurs with relatively high intensity even outside the glancing angle.
  • the patterned region is, for this purpose, preferably implemented such that there is a reflection haze of more than 50%, particularly preferably more than 90%.
  • the reflection haze can be determined by a commercially available haze meter. According to ASTM D1003, haze is the ratio of the diffuse share of reflected light to the total reflection.
  • the segments have a mean roughness of less than 15% of the layer thickness of the optical interference layer on the outer surface by means of which constructive or destructive interference of the reflected light is enabled.
  • an analogous condition applies to the roughness only for the segments of the patterned inner surface on which an optical interference layer is arranged.
  • this zone extends over the entire cover plate.
  • the patterned region has at least one other zone, i.e., (sub-) region, in which the segments have in each case a mean roughness such that interference does not occur on the optical interference layer.
  • the segments have, there, a mean roughness of 50% to 100% of the layer thickness of the interference layer.
  • the fagade element has no color generated by the optical interference layer.
  • the opaque back element is fixedly bonded to the cover plate.
  • the back element can itself have a color, wherein the color of the back element influences the overall color of the fagade element.
  • the color of the the back element can be selected to correspond to the opaque background of colored solar modules, in other words, the back element can have a color that corresponds to the optically active solar cells.
  • the back element achromatic, dark, and matt. Then, the color impression of the passive fagade elements and its angular dependence can match particularly well the thin-film-module-based colored modules correspondingly produced.
  • -a chroma c (a 2 +b 2 ) 1/2 of a maximum of 5, preferably less than 2, or more preferably less than 1.5.
  • Reflection haze is the proportion of diffusely reflected light in the total reflected light.
  • the back element is, for example, implemented in the form of a coating of the inner surface of the cover plate.
  • the back element can, just as well, be implemented, for example, in the form of a separate body fixedly bonded to the inner surface of the cover plate (not a coating), for example, in panel form.
  • the body can be a loadbearing or a non-loadbearing body and can, as a loadbearing body, be a carrier plate in particular.
  • the back element is implemented as:
  • an opaque film that is fixedly bonded to the cover plate by a transparent adhesive, in particular a transparent adhesive film, or
  • an opaque rigid body that is fixedly bonded to the cover plate by a transparent adhesive, in particular a transparent adhesive film.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a fagade element according to the invention per the first aspect of the invention, as is described above.
  • a flat transparent cover plate that has an outer surface that is intended to face the external environment and an opposite inner surface is provided.
  • a single second step b1), b2), or b3) is selected from among the following three (alternative) steps and carried out: b1) Patterning the outer surface of at least in one region, and applying an optical interference layer on the patterned region. In this case, the inner surface is not patterned and no optical interference layer is applied on the inner surface. b2) Patterning the outer surface at least in one region, applying an optical interference layer on the patterned region of the outer surface, and applying another optical interference layer on the inner surface. In this case, the inner surface is not patterned. b3) Patterning the outer surface at least in one region, applying an optical interference layer on the patterned region of the outer surface, patterning the inner surface at least in one region, and applying another optical interference layer on the patterned region of the inner surface.
  • a back element is mounted on the inner surface of the cover plate. If the second step b1) is carried out, the third step c) can also be carried out before the second step b1). Otherwise, the first, second, and third step are carried out in the order a), b2) or b3), c).
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing a fagade element according to the invention per the second aspect of the invention, as is described above.
  • a flat transparent cover plate that has an outer surface that is intended to face the external environment and an opposite inner surface is provided.
  • a single second step b1), b2), b3), or b4) is selected from among the following four (alternative) steps and carried out: b1) Patterning the outer surface at least in one region, and applying an optical interference layer on the inner surface. In this case, no further optical interference layer is applied on the outer surface. Also, the inner surface is not patterned. b2) Patterning the outer surface at least in one region, patterning the inner surface at least in one region, and applying an optical interference layer on the patterned region of the inner surface. In this case, no further optical interference layer is applied on the outer surface. b3) Patterning the inner surface at least in one region, and applying an optical interference layer on the patterned region of the inner surface.
  • no further optical interference layer is applied on the outer surface.
  • the outer surface is not patterned. b4) Patterning the inner surface at least in one region, applying an optical interference layer on the patterned region of the inner surface, and applying a further optical interference layer on the outer surface. In this case, the outer surface is not patterned.
  • a back element is mounted on the inner surface of the cover plate.
  • the first, second, and third step are carried out in this order.
  • patterning the outer surface or inner surface also includes applying a transparent layer provided with at least one patterned region on the cover plate, which forms the outer surface or inner surface.
  • the invention further extends to the use of the fagade element according to the invention as a (an integral) component of a building envelope (building wall) or a freestanding wall, for example, a privacy wall or a noise barrier, in combination with (photovoltaically active) colored solar modules used as fagade elements, in particular those that are described in the unpublished European patent applications
  • FIG. 1-2 the basic structure of different embodiments of the fagade element according to the invention in schematic cross-sectional views;
  • Fig. 3 a schematic cross-sectional view of the cover plate of an embodiment of the fagade element according to the invention;
  • Fig. 4 a schematic representation of typical light relations on a fagade element according to the invention.
  • FIG. 5-8 schematic representations of exemplary light paths during reflection in the patterned region of the cover plate of Fig. 3;
  • Fig. 9 a schematic representation of the interference of light beams in an
  • Fig. 10-11 further embodiments of the cover plate of the fagade element according to the invention in schematic cross-sectional views;
  • Fig. 12 schematic representations of exemplary light paths during reflection on the cover plate in the fagade element of Fig. 11 ;
  • FIG. 13-14 further embodiments of the cover plate of the fagade element according to the invention in schematic cross-sectional views;
  • Fig. 15 a schematic representation of exemplary light paths during reflection in the patterned region of the fagade element of Fig. 14;
  • Fig. 16 a further embodiment of the cover plate of the fagade element according to the invention in a schematic cross-sectional view
  • Fig. 17 a schematic representation of exemplary light paths during reflection on the cover plate of the fagade element of Fig. 16
  • Fig. 18-19 further embodiments of the cover plate of the fagade element according to the invention in schematic cross-sectional views;
  • Fig. 20-23 various exemplary embodiments of the back element of the fagade
  • Fig. 24 a flowchart for illustrating the method according to the invention for producing a fagade element per the first aspect of the invention
  • Fig. 25 a flowchart for illustrating the method according to the invention for producing a fagade element per the second aspect of the invention
  • Fig. 26 a schematic representation of the measurement method for multi-angle colorimetry.
  • Fig. 1 schematically illustrates the structure of a fagade element, referenced as a whole with the number 1 , according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention with reference to a cross-sectional view (section perpendicular to the surface of the fagade element).
  • the fagade element 1 comprises a transparent cover plate 2 and an opaque back element 3.
  • the cover plate 2 is, for example, a glass pane and is made of a glass, that preferably has low absorption, such as soda lime glass.
  • the cover plate 2 includes an outer surface 4 facing the external environment and an inner surface 5 facing the back element 3.
  • the cover plate 2 it would also be possible for the cover plate 2 to be implemented as a composite body and consist in particular of a transparent core that is embedded in another transparent material (e.g., sandwich- 1 ike), which has the same optical refractive index as the core.
  • the outer surface 4 and inner surface 5 are then formed from this material.
  • the back element 3 is implemented, for example, in the form of a coating of the inner surface 5, which extends over the entire inner surface 5.
  • the coating can consist of one or a plurality of layers. Used as coating can be, for example, lacquers, polymer layers, polymer films, or inorganic layers made of metal oxide powders, carbon, or semiconductor materials.
  • the layer thickness of the back element 3 can be freely selected, so long as the desired optical properties of the coating are ensured. If necessary, the back element 3 can be protected against environmental influences by a back covering, implemented, for example, in the form of a further coating or film.
  • the back element 3 is non loadbearing, such that the cover plate 2 must fulfill the specific requirements for use as fagade element 1. In particular, the mechanical load capacity and the capability of suitable connection to the building structure must be ensured, for example, through the use of frames, brackets, or back rails.
  • the cover plate 2 is preferably made of enhanced glass, such as, thermally toughened glass, so-called “single-pane safety glass” (ESG), or annealed glass (TVG).
  • the coating is opaque and can, for example, have a pre-definable color such that by means of the background color of the coating, an overall color impression of the fagade element is generated as desired. It is, for this purpose, equally possible for the back element to be achromatic, dark, and matt.
  • the back element 3 is not a coating, but, rather, a separate body with a defined spatial shape that is present independent of the cover plate 2 and is fixedly bonded to the inner surface 5 of the cover plate 2, here, for example, by means of a transparent adhesive layer 6 (e.g., laminating film).
  • a transparent adhesive layer 6 e.g., laminating film
  • any suitable joining technique can be used for the fixed bonding of the cover plate 2 and the back element 3, for example, gluing or grouting.
  • the transparent material used for the joining for example, adhesive layer, laminating film, or grout
  • the transparent material used for the joining has a refractive index greater than 1.4 and less than 1.6. Otherwise, the resulting color of the fagade element 1 can possibly be undesirably altered.
  • the back element 3 is implemented here, for example, in the form of a flat panel that has a contact surface 7 for the fixed bonding to the inner surface 5 of the cover plate 2.
  • the back element 3 completely covers the inner surface 5.
  • the cover plate 2 and the panel-like back element 3 form a composite body.
  • the back element 3 implemented here as a separate body can be loadbearing or non-loadbearing.
  • the panel-like back element 3 is loadbearing (carrier plate) and has mechanical properties suitable for this purpose to ensure, by itself or in conjunction with the cover plate 2, the loadbearing capacity of the fagade element 1.
  • the fagade element thus produced can be connected in a simple manner to the building structure and must, as a whole, satisfy the requirements as a fagade element in the building envelope.
  • the panel-like back element 3 is made, for example, of a fiber composite, glass, stone, metal, or ceramic and can be coated in particular with a color, for example, a ceramic screen printing ink or organic glass color or a suitable inorganic thin film to provide a desired background color. It is also possible for the material of the back element 3 itself to already have a desired color. For example, the back element 3 is made of a glass colored in the glass matrix. Also possible for achieving a particularly homogeneous color impression of a fagade in combination with CIGS thin-film solar modules is the use of CIGS thin films that developed as waste from series production. A glass back element 3 can be bonded to a glass cover plate 2 in a simple manner using prior art laminating methods.
  • the back element 3 is a metal sheet, a metal foil, or is made of a metal composite material.
  • the metal sheet or the metal foil can, for example, be treated by anodizing for coating such that the desired optical properties develop.
  • the back element 3 can equally be made of construction materials suitable for outdoor use, for example, fiber cement panels, concrete panels, textile-reinforced or fiber-reinforced concrete shells, wood/wood fiber materials, plastics, or other nonmetallic composite materials.
  • the surface of the material can be designed with the coloring technologies corresponding to the material used such that the desired optical properties result.
  • the outer surface 4 and/or the inner surface 5 of the cover plate 2 is patterned (e.g., by etching, sandblasting, or rolling during the drawing process) and has at least one optical interference layer, which is not shown in Fig. 1 and Fig. 2. This is explained in detail below.
  • fagade element 1 of Fig. 1 or Fig. 2 can be used equally in fagade elements per the first aspect and second aspect of the invention.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates an embodiment of the fagade element 1 according to the invention per the first aspect of the invention, wherein only the cover plate 2 with exemplary patterning is depicted.
  • the fagade element can in particular be implemented as in Fig.
  • the outer surface 4 of the cover plate 2 is patterned in a region 8, which extends over the entire outer surface 4 in the present example, in other words, the outer surface 4 and the patterned region 8 are identical.
  • An optical interference layer 9 is arranged directly on the outer surface 4.
  • the outer surface 4 is provided with a height profile that has hills and valleys.
  • more than 50% of the outer surface 4 consists of planar segments 10, whose planes are in each case inclined relative to the plane of the cover plate 2, i.e., have a non-zero angle relative to the plane of the cover plate 2.
  • the segments 10 have in each case a segment area of at least 1 pm 2 and a mean roughness of less than 15% of the layer thickness d of the optical interference layer 9.
  • a mean height difference between the highest points (hills) and lowest points (valleys) of the outer surface 4 is at least 2 pm and, for example, a maximum of 20% of the thickness of the cover plate 2.
  • at least 20% of the segments have an inclination angle in the range from greater than 0° to a maximum of 15°; at least 30% of the segments have an inclination angle in the range from greater than 15° to a maximum of 45°; and less than 30% of the segments 10 have an inclination angle greater than 45°.
  • all segments have an inclination angle of a maximum of 45°.
  • the optical interference layer 9 is thin and has a layer thickness, for example, in the range from 0.1 to a few (for example, 2) micrometers. Also, the optical interference layer 9 has a refractive index n greater than 1.7, preferably greater than 2.0, and particularly preferably greater than 2.3, as well as the least possible absorption with regard to the incident light.
  • the optical interference layer 9 can be single-ply or multiply, in other words, can consist of one or a plurality of refraction layers. Each refraction layer has a specific refractive index and is made of the same material.
  • the optical interference layer 9 is made of MgO, SiONx, S13N4, Zr0 2 , TiOx, and/or SiC.
  • the electrical conductivity of the individual refraction layers, in particular of the optical interference layer 9, should be as low as possible.
  • Fig. 4 wherein, by way of example, typical light relations with a fagade element 1 are illustrated. According to it, light from the sun S strikes directly on the cover plate 2 and is reflected in the glancing angle.
  • the incident light beam E and the light beam R reflected in the glancing angle are depicted.
  • the incident light is also scattered diffusely outside the glancing angle.
  • Two diffusely scattered light beams R' are depicted by way of example.
  • the color effect is produced by reflection, scattering, and interference.
  • the directly reflected light R strikes his eye only in the rarest of cases (in other words, the viewer is not usually within the glancing angle). This is illustrated in Fig. 4, where the viewer B is situated outside the glancing angle and sees only the diffusely scattered light beam R'.
  • the intensity of the diffusely scattered light R' is relatively low and has strong angular dependence. Only when the diffusely scattered share is adequately large is there a clear color with satisfactory intensity (brightness, L value).
  • Fig. 5 The basic principle of the operation of the inclined segments 10 of the patterned region 8 is illustrated in Fig. 5, wherein, by way of example, the various light paths are depicted for a viewer B who is looking at a right angle to the glass surface or outer surface 4 of the fagade element 1. Depicted are three segments 10 with different inclinations relative to the schematically illustrated plane GE of the cover plate 2, as well as the light beams E striking the segments 10, which are reflected to the viewer B by the segments 10 in each case in the local glancing angle (reflected light beams R).
  • the center segment 10 is arranged parallel relative to the plane GE, with the incident light beam E striking the segment 10 at a right angle and being reflected to the viewer B at a right angle (reflected beam R).
  • the glancing angle and the local glancing angle are identical.
  • the incident light beams E have in each case a non-zero angle relative to the surface normal of the plane GE and likewise strike the viewer B in the local glancing angle. Due to the different inclinations of the segments 10, light from different directions is in each case reflected in the local glancing angle of the segments 10 to the viewer B looking at a right angle at the module surface.
  • the angle of incidence and the angle of reflection equal a maximum of 45°.
  • Fig. 6 depicts a situation in which the viewer B is looking at an angle of 45° relative to the surface normal of the plane GE of the cover plate 2.
  • Fig. 5 by way of example, three segments 10 with different inclinations relative to the plane GE of the cover plate 2 are depicted, as well as the light beams E incident in each case on the segments 10, which are reflected to the viewer B by the segments 10 in the local glancing angle (reflected light beams R). Due to the different inclinations of the segments 10, light is reflected from different directions in each case in the local glancing angle to the viewer B looking at the module surface.
  • the angles of incidence and reflection are 67.5° at a maximum.
  • the reflected light is blueshifted. This blue shifting can be reduced by a higher refractive index of the optical interference layer. With relatively steep surface inclinations, multiple reflection on adjacent facets can also occur.
  • Fig. 7 depicts a situation in which the light source and, correspondingly, the incident light beams are always inclined at an angle of 45° relative to the plane GE of the cover plate 2.
  • the viewer B observes the surface of the fagade element 1 at different angles.
  • the angle data in Fig. 7 are to be understood as follows: angle of incidence (relative to the plane GE of the cover plate 2) / viewing angle or reflection angle (deviation of the glancing angle relative to the surface normal of plane GE).
  • the degree sign "°" is not indicated.
  • Fig. 7 depicts, by way of example, four segments 10 with different inclinations relative to the plane GE.
  • the viewer B situated in the glancing angle relative to the plane GE: 45/0.
  • the incident light beam has an angle of 45° relative to the plane GE; the reflected light beam, an angle deviation zero from the glancing angle.
  • the viewer B is situated outside the glancing angle (with reference to the plane GE of the cover plate 10).
  • the two left segments 10 (45/90, 45/45)
  • the viewer views the surface of the fagade element 1 at an angle of 90° or 45° relative to the glancing angle, with the light striking at an angle of 45° relative to the plane GE.
  • Fig. 8 depicts a situation in which the viewer B always observes the surface of the fagade element 1 at an angle of 45° relative to the module surface or plane GE of the cover plate 2.
  • Fig. 8 depicts, by way of example, four segments 10 with different inclinations relative to the plane GE. Only in one segment 10, whose plane is parallel relative to the plane GE, is the viewer B situated in the glancing angle: 45/0. With the other segments 10, the viewer B is situated outside the glancing angle. With the two left segments 10 (45/90, 45/45), the viewer B views the surface of the fagade element 1 at an angle of 45°, with the light striking in a deviation of 90° or 45° relative to the glancing angle.
  • the light strikes at an angle of -15° relative to the glancing angle. Due to the differently inclined segments 10 and the resulting reflections in the local glancing angle, light is then reflected to the viewer B with sufficient intensity even when light strikes outside the glancing angle.
  • a homogeneous color impression in a pre-definable wavelength range can be achieved by means of the patterning of the outer surface 4 of the cover plate 2 in combination with the coloring optical interference layer 9, with the color impression far less angle-dependent in comparison to a non- patterned surface.
  • Fig. 9 illustrates the reflection on the optical interference layer 9 with the layer thickness d.
  • the incident light beam E is reflected both at the atmosphere / interference layer interface (R1) and at the interference layer / cover plate interface (R2). If the path difference of the two light beams R1 , R2 corresponds to a multiple of the wavelength of the incident light beam, constructive interference occurs; with a path difference of a multiple of the half wavelength, destructive interference occurs.
  • the optical interference layer 9 thus acts as a color filter, since constructive interference, dependent on the refractive index n and the layer thickness d, only occurs for light of a suitable wavelength.
  • a is the angle of the reflected beams R1 , R2, relative to the surface normal.
  • the light beams R' illustrate, by way of example, the reflected light outside the glancing angle, which can occur in the patterned region 15, when the roughness of the interface between interference layer / cover plate is too great.
  • the scattering centers it is necessary for the scattering centers to be, in each case, smaller than the wavelength and the layer thickness. This can be achieved by means of the minimal areas of the segments claimed according to the invention and their maximum roughness. This effect is utilized according to an embodiment of the invention (cf. Fig. 10).
  • an optical interference layer 9 made of an inorganic, chemically inert, and hard layer, such as with S1 3 N 4 .
  • an optical interference layer 9 made of an inorganic, chemically inert, and hard layer, such as with S1 3 N 4 .
  • an optical interference layer 9 made of an inorganic, chemically inert, and hard layer, such as with S1 3 N 4 .
  • photocatalytic layers such as T1O 2
  • interference layers made of materials such as S1 3 N 4 or T1O 2 also prevent the corrosion of a glass cover plate by moist heat.
  • the patterned region 8 of the outer surface 4 has first zones 11 and second zones 12.
  • the first zones 11 are implemented such that the segments 10 have a mean roughness that is less than 15% of the layer thickness d of the optical interference layer 9 on the outer surface 4.
  • the mean roughness in the second zones 12 is great enough that interference is prevented in the optical interference layer 9.
  • the mean roughness of the segments 10 in the second zones 12 is more than 50% of the layer thickness of the optical interference layer 9.
  • the fagade element 1 has, consequently, in the first zones 11 , a homogeneous color, resulting from the color filtering action of the optical interference layer 9.
  • the optical interference layer 9 has, as a result of the lack of constructive interference, no color filtering effect and thus there is essentially a surface that corresponds to the fagade element without an optical interference layer 9.
  • the fagade element 1 can thus be optionally provided with a homogeneous color in the pre-definable first zones 11.
  • Fig. 10 depicts the second zones 12 schematically by greater roughness.
  • Fig. 11 illustrates another embodiment of the fagade element 1 according to the invention per the first aspect of the invention, wherein only the cover plate 2 is shown.
  • the fagade element 1 has, on the outer surface 4 of the cover plate 2 on the patterned region 8, a first optical interference layer 9 as well as, on the inner surface 5 of the cover plate 2, a second optical interference layer 9'.
  • the inner surface 5 of the cover plate 2 is not patterned, i.e. , has no patterned region 8 analogous to the outer surface 4.
  • the inner surface 5 is smooth within the limits of production imprecisions.
  • the second optical interference layer 9' has a layer thickness d' and an optical refractive index n', which can be the same as those of the first optical interference layer 9, but need not necessarily be the same.
  • the color effect is further strengthened.
  • this yields a second reflexion source with color filtering action since the refractive index of the second optical interference layer 9' between the cover plate 2 (e.g., glass) and the adhesive layer 6 is greater than that of the cover plate 2 (e.g., glass) and the adhesive layer 6.
  • the entry angle is smaller with the second reflexion. Since the light passes through an optical interference layer a total of three times, the light that reaches the viewer is more strongly filtered.
  • the layer thicknesses d, d' and the refractive indices n, n' of the two optical interference layers 9, 9' can also be significantly different from one another.
  • mixed colors can be generated since the first optical interference layer 9 then generates a different reflection spectrum than the second interference layer 9' and the light reflected by the second interference layer 9', upon again passing through the first optical interference layer 9, is overlaid.
  • colored modules with a variety of colors and high angular stability can be generated in a very simple and economical manner.
  • Fig. 12 illustrates, in a highly simplified manner, the beam path of the incident light E and the reflected light R1 , R2.
  • Fig. 12 does not show the patterning of the cover plate 2. Only a single beam path is depicted, here in the glancing angle with reference to the plane of the cover plate.
  • the light which has passed through the first interference layer 9, is refracted in the cover plate 2 (e.g., glass), is reflected a second time on the second interference layer 9', and is thereby filtered by interference.
  • the cover plate 2 e.g., glass
  • interference layers are passed through three times.
  • Fig. 13 illustrates another embodiment of the fagade element 1 according to the invention per the first aspect of the invention, wherein only the cover plate 2 is shown.
  • the fagade element 1 has, on the outer surface 4 of the cover plate 2, a first patterned region 8; and on the inner surface 5 of the cover plate 2, a second patterned region 8', wherein a first optical interference layer 9 is arranged on the first patterned region 8 and a second optical interference layer 9' is arranged on the second patterned region 8'.
  • the two patterned regions 8, 8' can be implemented the same or different.
  • the two optical interference layers 9, 9' can be
  • the layer thicknesses d, d' and the refractive indices n, n' of the two optical interference layers 9, 9' can be different from one another.
  • the color of the facade element 1 can be intensified. In the case of coating with significantly different optical thicknesses, mixed colors can be generated.
  • Fig. 14 illustrates, with reference to an enlarged detail of the cover plate 2 of the fagade element 1 , an embodiment of the fagade element 1 according to the invention per the second aspect of the invention.
  • the outer surface 4 of the cover plate 2 is patterned in one region 8, which extends, in the present example, over the entire outer surface 4, in other words, the outer surface 4 and the patterned region 8 are identical.
  • An optical interference layer 9 is arranged directly on the inner surface 5 of the cover plate 2.
  • the inner surface 5 has no patterning and is smooth within the limits of production imprecisions. No optical interference layer is situated on the outer surface 4. There is no requirement for the roughness for the segments 10 of the patterned region 8 of the outer surface 4 of the fagade element 1 of Fig. 14.
  • Fig. 15 the function of the patterned outer surface 4 in combination with the inside interference layer 9 according to the embodiment of Fig. 14 is explained in detail.
  • three segments 10 are depicted, wherein the right segment 10 is parallel to the plane of the cover plate 2 and the two other segments 10 have a non-zero angle relative to the plane of the cover plate 2.
  • the reflection of the light beams on the interference layer 9 is depicted in a simplified manner. The reflection on the interference layer 9 is explained in connection with Fig. 6.
  • a first light beam 1-1 strikes a segment 10, crosses through the cover plate 2 as a refracted light beam 1-2, is reflected as light beam 1-3 by the interference layer 9 (in the glancing angle), and and exits the cover plate 2 to the external environment as a refracted light beam 1-4.
  • the light beam 1-4 ultimately reflected by the cover plate 2 has a different angle relative to the normal to the plane of the cover plate 2 than the incident light beam 1-1 such that there is no reflection in the glancing angle, but rather there is scattering.
  • a second light beam 2-1 strikes a different segment 10, crosses through the cover plate 2 as a refracted light beam 2-2, is reflected as light beam 2-3 by the interference layer 9, and and exits the cover plate 2 to the external environment as a refracted light beam 2-4.
  • the reflected light beam 2-4 exits the cover plate 2 almost directly opposite the incident direction of the light beam 2-1 , which is likewise a scattering process and not reflection in the glancing angle.
  • a third light beam 3-1 strikes another segment 10, crosses through the cover plate 2 as a refracted light beam 3-2, is reflected as light beam 3-3 by the interference layer 9, and exits the cover plate 2 to the external environment as a refracted light beam 3-4.
  • This segment 10 is parallel to the plane of the cover plate such that the light beam 2-4 is reflected in the glancing angle.
  • Essential here is the fact that as a result of those segments 10 that are inclined relative to the plane of the cover plate 2, due to the refraction on the respective segment 10 and subsequent reflection on the interface with the interference layer 9 and further refraction on the patterned surface, overall a strong reflection even outside the glancing angle (with reference to the plane of the cover plate 2) occurs such that in combination with the interference layer 9, a homogeneous color effect of the reflected light is achieved.
  • Fig. 15 depicts, by way of example, the position of a viewer B, who is situated outside the glancing angle.
  • the fagade element 1 has, on the inner surface 5 of the cover plate 2, a patterned region 8, with an optical interference layer 9 arranged on the patterned region 8.
  • the optical interference layer 9 is thin and follows the surface of the patterned region 8.
  • the patterned region 8 and the optical interference layer 9 can in each case be implemented analogously to those of the embodiment of Fig. 14.
  • the outer surface 4 of the cover plate 2 has no patterned region 8 and is smooth within the limits of production imprecisions. Also, no optical interference layer is arranged on the outer surface 4.
  • the optical interference layer 9 is situated on the patterned region 8 of the inner surface 5 such that the segments 10 must satisfy the condition according to which the segments 10 of the patterned region 8 of the inner surface 5 are flat in each case, have a segment area of at least 1 pm 2 , and have a mean roughness of less than 15% of a layer thickness of the optical interference layer 9 on the inner surface 5.
  • Fig. 17 depicts analogously to Fig. 15, by way of example, three different light paths for the embodiment of the cover plate 2 of Fig. 16.
  • the reflection of the light beams on the interference layer 9 is again depicted in a simplified manner.
  • the statements relative to Fig. 6 apply analogously. Due to the differently inclined segments 10, the light beams are reflected differently by the cover plate 2.
  • a first light beam 1-1 strikes the outer surface 4 of the cover plate 2, crosses through the cover plate 2 as a refracted light beam 1-2, is reflected as light beam 1-3 by a segment 10 inclined relative to the plane of the cover plate 2, and exits the cover plate 2 to the external environment as a refracted light beam 1-4.
  • a second light beam 2-1 strikes the outer surface 4 of the cover plate 2, crosses through the cover plate 2 as a refracted light beam 2-2, is reflected as light beam 2-3 by a segment 10 parallel to the plane of the cover plate 2, and exits the cover plate 2 to the external environment as a refracted light beam 2-4.
  • Fig. 18 illustrates another embodiment of the fagade element 1 according to the invention per the second aspect of the invention, wherein only the cover plate 2 is depicted. In order to avoid unnecessary repetitions, only the differences relative to the embodiment of Fig. 16 are described, and, otherwise, reference is made to the statements above.
  • the fagade element 1 has, in addition to the optical interference layer 9 on the patterned region 8 of the inner surface 5 of the cover plate 2, another optical interference layer 9' directly on the outer surface 4 of the cover plate 2.
  • the outer surface 4 is not patterned, i.e. , has no patterned region 8 analogous to the inner surface 5. Instead, the outer surface 4 is smooth within the limits of production imprecisions.
  • the two interference layers 9, 9' can have the same or a different optical refractive index as well as the same or a different layer thickness.
  • the color of the fagade element 1 can be intensified since the light reaching the viewer passes through an optical interference layer a total of three times, and is, consequently, more strongly filtered. In the case of coating with significantly different optical thicknesses, mixed colors can be generated.
  • an optical interference layer 9' that is made of an inorganic, chemically inert, and hard layer, such as S1 3 N 4 , there is high scratch resistance, chemical stability, and dirt-repellent action for the fagade element 1.
  • an optical interference layer 9' that is made of an inorganic, chemically inert, and hard layer, such as S1 3 N 4 .
  • Such an additional layer arranged on the outer surface 4 can also be a thin
  • antireflection layer that has an optical refractive index that is less than that of the cover plate 2.
  • Fig. 19 illustrates another embodiment of the fagade element 1 according to the invention per the second aspect of the invention, wherein only the cover plate 2 is depicted.
  • the inner surface 5 of the cover plate 2 of the fagade element 1 has a patterned region 8, on which an optical interference layer 9 is arranged.
  • the outer surface 4 of the cover plate 2 also has a patterned region 8'. No optical interference layer is arranged on the outer surface 4.
  • the two patterned regions 8, 8' can be the same or different from one another.
  • all segments 10 have an inclination angle of a maximum of 45°.
  • the segments 10 of the patterned region 8 of the inner surface 5 there is no
  • Such an additional layer arranged on the outer surface 4 can also be a thin, color- neutral antireflection layer that has an optical refractive index that is smaller than that of the cover plate 2. By this means the substantially white reflection of the cover plate 2 (e.g., glass) is prevented and the saturation level of the colors increases.
  • An additional layer arranged on the outer surface 4 can, however, also have the same optical refractive index as the cover plate 2. In this case, the layer serves only for protection of the cover plate 2 against moisture and other corrosive components of the air. It has been demonstrated that satinized glasses produced by etching are more sensitive to moist heat than planar or rolled glasses. In the case of etched soda lime glass, the additional layer can, for example, be a thin sputtered S1O2 layer.
  • the fagade element 1 can be mounted on a fagade by any suitable attachment technique, for example, back rails mounted on the back element 3 (e.g., by gluing), drilled point holders, clamping bars, etc. in particular, the back element 3 can be used for attachment suited to the substructure system used.
  • back rails mounted on the back element 3 e.g., by gluing
  • drilled point holders e.g., drilled point holders
  • clamping bars e.g., drilled point holders
  • clamping bars drilled point holders
  • the back element 3 can be used for attachment suited to the substructure system used.
  • anchoring systems are used wherein the joining is accomplished by form locking.
  • Fig. 20 depicts an exemplary embodiment in which a loadbearing back element 3 implemented, for example, in the form of a metal sheet is mounted on the cover plate 2 by means of a transparent adhesive layer 6 (film, casting resin).
  • the metal sheet is U- shaped and has, in addition to a panel-shaped section that has a contact surface 7 for gluing, protruding supports 14 on the back that can be used to attach the fagade element 1.
  • the metal sheet can, in particular, be made of a metal composite material.
  • Fig. 21 depicts a variant of the embodiment of Fig. 20 in which, on the back element 3 implemented as a metal sheet, attachment elements 13 are in each case mounted by a mechanical connection, such as gluing, screwing, or riveting on the supports 14.
  • the fagade element 1 can be connected, for example, form-lockingly to a support structure, in order to integrate the fagade element 1 into a fagade.
  • Fig. 22 illustrates a another variant.
  • the back element 3 is implemented in the form of a loadbearing, fiber-reinforced concrete shell, on the back of which a suspension 15 is mounted.
  • the fagade element 1 can be attached in a simple manner on a support structure via the suspension 15.
  • Fig. 23 depicts another variant, in which the back element 3 is a loadbearing glass, stone, or ceramic sheet, in which undercut anchors 16 are anchored.
  • the fagade element 1 can be attached in a simple manner on the support structure via the undercut anchors 16.
  • Fig. 24 illustrates a method according to the invention for producing the fagade element 1 according to the invention per the first aspect of the invention.
  • a flat transparent cover plate 2 that has an outer surface 4 that is intended to face the external environment and an opposite inner surface 5 is provided.
  • a second step which is freely selected from the following three (alternative) steps b1), b2), or b3), is carried out: b1) Patterning the outer surface 4 at least in one region 8, and applying an optical interference layer 9 on the patterned region 8.
  • the inner surface 5 is not patterned and no optical interference layer is applied on the inner surface 5.
  • the inner surface 5 is not patterned.
  • a back element 3 is mounted on the inner surface 5 of the cover plate 2.
  • Fig. 25 illustrates the method according to the invention for producing the fagade element 1 according to the invention per the second aspect of the invention.
  • a flat transparent cover plate 2 that has an outer surface 4 that is intended to face the external environment and an opposite inner surface 5 is provided.
  • a second step that is freely selected from the following four (alternative) steps b1), b2), b3), or b4) is carried out: b1) Patterning the outer surface 4 at least in one region, and applying an optical interference layer 9 on the inner surface 5. In this case, no further optical interference layer is applied on the outer surface 4. Also, the inner surface 5 is not patterned. b2) Patterning the outer surface 4 at least in one region 8, patterning the inner surface 5 at least in one region 8, and applying an optical interference layer 9 on the patterned region of the inner surface 5. In this case, no further optical interference layer is applied on the outer surface 4. b3) Patterning the inner surface 5 at least in one region 8 and applying an optical interference layer 9 on the patterned region 8 of the inner surface 5.
  • the outer surface 4 is not patterned. b4) Patterning the inner surface 5 at least in one region 8, applying an optical interference layer 9 on the patterned region 8 of the inner surface 5, and applying a further optical interference layer 9' on the outer surface 4. In this case, the outer surface 4 is not patterned.
  • a back element 3 is mounted on the inner surface 5 of the cover plate 2.
  • Fig. 26 illustrates the measurement setup for determining the diffuse scattering of the fagade element 1 according to the invention with a commercially available multi-angle spectrophotometer 17 (multi-angle colorimetry).
  • the patterned region 8 (not shown in detail) extends over the entire cover plate 2 (e.g., glass).
  • a light beam is aimed at various angles at the outer surface 4 of the fagade element 1 to be characterized, and the scattered or reflected light is measured spectrally from various viewing angles, for example, 15° or 45° relative to the surface normal of the plane of the cover plate 2.
  • the degree data should be understood as follows: reflection angle (relative to the surface normal /angle of incidence (relative to the glancing angle)). For example, with a viewing angle of 45° (measured relative to the surface normal) and an angle of incidence of 45° (measured from the glancing angle), the incident beam strikes exactly perpendicular to the surface (45/45).
  • the incident direction is 30° from the surface normal on the same side as the viewing direction (15/45).
  • the multi-angle spectrophotometer 20 is positioned with a viewing angle of 45° or 15° relative to the surface normal.
  • the invention makes available improved fagade elements as well as methods for production thereof, which have a very homogeneous, intense color, with little or no directional dependence.
  • the fagade elements can be produced cost-effectively in various shapes and sizes and integrated into a fagade in a simple manner.
  • the fagade elements according to the invention can be used in combination with colored solar modules used as fagade elements (coloring as a result of an interference layer or layers), in particular CIGS thin-film solar modules, with a homogeneous color effect being achievable.
  • the semiconductor stack is replaced by other usually less expensive materials; and other elements, such as junction boxes, edge sealing, contact ribbons, and cables can be eliminated.
  • the invention enables production of adapters, which are necessary in particular for the transition to openings or to edges of buildings.
  • adapters which are necessary in particular for the transition to openings or to edges of buildings.
  • additional costs for attachment on building structures can be saved.
  • the use of the coated glass element and the predefined optical properties of the back element or of the composite material ensures that, by and large, the
  • photovoltaically passive fagade elements deliver the same color impression under various light conditions as the solar modules.
  • the fagade elements according to the invention can be produced far less expensively than solar modules. The invention thus makes available an innovation that brings significant advantages to the practice of fagade construction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Finishing Walls (AREA)
  • Optical Elements Other Than Lenses (AREA)
  • Optical Filters (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)

Abstract

Cette invention concerne un élément de façade (1), comprenant une plaque de couverture transparente (2) et un élément arrière opaque (3) monté sur la plaque de couverture (2), la plaque de couverture (2) ayant une surface externe (4) orientée vers l'environnement externe et une surface interne (5) orientée vers l'élément arrière (3). Selon un premier aspect, la surface externe (4) présente au moins une région structurée (8) sur laquelle est disposée une couche d'interférence optique (9). Selon un second aspect, une couche d'interférence optique (9) est disposée sur la surface interne (5). De plus, la surface interne (5) et/ou la surface externe (4) présente dans chaque cas au moins une région structurée (8, 8"), la surface externe (4) présentant au moins une région structurée (8') ou bien une couche d'interférence optique supplémentaire (9') étant disposée sur la surface externe (4). La région structurée (8 8') présente les caractéristiques suivantes : - perpendiculairement au plan de la plaque de couverture (2), un profil de hauteur présentant des saillies et des creux, une différence de hauteur moyenne entre les saillies et les creux étant d'au moins 5 µm, - au moins 50 % de la région structurée (8, 8') est composé de segments (10) qui sont inclinés par rapport au plan de la plaque de couverture (2), où en référence au plan de la plaque de couverture (2), au moins 20 % des segments (10) ont un angle d'inclinaison dans la plage allant de plus de 0° à 15° au maximum, et au moins 30 % des segments (10) ont un angle d'inclinaison dans la plage allant de plus de 15° à 45° au maximum, les segments (10) étant dans tous les cas plans et ayant une surface de segment d'au moins 1 μm2 et les segments (10) présentant respectivement une rugosité moyenne inférieure à 15 % d'une épaisseur de couche de la couche d'interférence optique (9) sur la surface externe ou interne.
PCT/CN2019/096167 2018-07-27 2019-07-16 Éléments de façade avec plaque de couverture structurée et couche d'interférence optique Ceased WO2020020016A1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

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CN201980063677.0A CN112752889B (zh) 2018-07-27 2019-07-16 具有图案化盖板和光学干涉层的立面元件
KR1020217005828A KR102475928B1 (ko) 2018-07-27 2019-07-16 패터닝된 커버 플레이트 및 광학 간섭층이 있는 파사드 요소 및 이의 제조방법
JP2021504444A JP7254161B2 (ja) 2018-07-27 2019-07-16 パターン化したカバープレート及び光干渉層を有するファサード要素
US17/263,129 US12334860B2 (en) 2018-07-27 2019-07-16 Facade elements with patterned cover plate and optical interference layer

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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EP18186175.8 2018-07-27
EP18186175.8A EP3599318B1 (fr) 2018-07-27 2018-07-27 Éléments de façade pourvus de plaque de couverture structurée et de couche d'interférence optique

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US (1) US12334860B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3599318B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP7254161B2 (fr)
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CN (1) CN112752889B (fr)
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JP7254161B2 (ja) 2023-04-07
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US12334860B2 (en) 2025-06-17
US20210184624A1 (en) 2021-06-17
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EP3599318A1 (fr) 2020-01-29
KR20210037706A (ko) 2021-04-06

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