WO2020027111A1 - 炭素材料及びその製造方法、蓄電デバイス用電極材料、並びに蓄電デバイス - Google Patents
炭素材料及びその製造方法、蓄電デバイス用電極材料、並びに蓄電デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020027111A1 WO2020027111A1 PCT/JP2019/029794 JP2019029794W WO2020027111A1 WO 2020027111 A1 WO2020027111 A1 WO 2020027111A1 JP 2019029794 W JP2019029794 W JP 2019029794W WO 2020027111 A1 WO2020027111 A1 WO 2020027111A1
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- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/20—Graphite
- C01B32/21—After-treatment
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
- H01G11/86—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof specially adapted for electrodes
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- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
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- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/15—Nano-sized carbon materials
- C01B32/182—Graphene
- C01B32/184—Preparation
- C01B32/19—Preparation by exfoliation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/24—Electrodes characterised by structural features of the materials making up or comprised in the electrodes, e.g. form, surface area or porosity; characterised by the structural features of powders or particles used therefor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/34—Carbon-based characterised by carbonisation or activation of carbon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/38—Carbon pastes or blends; Binders or additives therein
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/42—Powders or particles, e.g. composition thereof
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/44—Raw materials therefor, e.g. resins or coal
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/01—Particle morphology depicted by an image
- C01P2004/03—Particle morphology depicted by an image obtained by SEM
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- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/61—Micrometer sized, i.e. from 1-100 micrometer
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- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/60—Particles characterised by their size
- C01P2004/62—Submicrometer sized, i.e. from 0.1-1 micrometer
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
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- C01P2006/12—Surface area
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- C01P2006/00—Physical properties of inorganic compounds
- C01P2006/40—Electric properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
- H01G11/36—Nanostructures, e.g. nanofibres, nanotubes or fullerenes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a carbon material, a method for producing the carbon material, and an electrode material for a power storage device and a power storage device using the carbon material.
- Carbon materials such as graphite, activated carbon, carbon nanofibers, and carbon nanotubes are widely used as electrode materials for power storage devices from an environmental point of view.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a carbon material, a method for producing the carbon material, and a method for using the carbon material, which can easily form an electrode film even when the specific surface area is large and the binder material is not substantially contained.
- the carbon material includes a carbide of a resin.
- the carbon material includes a carbon material having a graphene laminated structure.
- the carbon material having the graphene laminated structure is graphite or exfoliated graphite. More preferably, the graphite or exfoliated graphite is a partially exfoliated graphite in which graphite has a graphite structure and graphite is partially exfoliated.
- the step of removing the particles is a step of removing the particles with a solvent.
- the electrode material for a power storage device according to the present invention includes a carbon material configured according to the present invention.
- a power storage device includes an electrode configured by the electrode material for a power storage device configured according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph at a magnification of 5000 times showing the carbon material obtained in Example 2.
- FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the carbon material of Comparative Example 3 at 5,000 times magnification.
- FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the carbon material after Example 2 under pressure.
- FIG. 4 is a photograph showing a carbon material after pressurization in Comparative Example 3.
- the carbon material of the present invention has a BET specific surface area of 100 m 2 / g or more. Further, in a state where 0.2 g of the carbon material is filled in a cylindrical syringe having a diameter of 2 cm, the carbon material is compressed at a pressure of 16 kN, and the entire amount of the compressed carbon material is taken out of the syringe and put into a 4.75 mm opening sieve. When the sieve is shaken for 1 minute after being charged, the weight of the carbon material remaining on the sieve after shaking is 90% by weight or more based on 100% by weight of the carbon material charged into the sieve.
- pores such as micropores may be provided in addition to the mesopores.
- the volume of the micropores is preferably 1.0 mL / g or less, more preferably 0.8 mL / g or less.
- the lower limit of the volume of the micropore is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 mL / g or more.
- the micropores contribute to the improvement of the specific surface area, but have a small pore size, so that the electrolyte solution hardly penetrates and the micropores are hardly used as a battery.
- the volume of the micropores is equal to or less than the upper limit, the electrolytic solution can more easily penetrate the surface of the carbon material, and the wide specific surface area can be more effectively used, so that the capacity of the power storage device can be further increased. .
- Examples of the resin used as the carbide of the above resin include polypropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, styrene polymer (polystyrene), vinyl acetate polymer (polyvinyl acetate), polyglycidyl methacrylate, polyvinyl butyral, polyacrylic acid, styrene butadiene rubber, and polyimide.
- Examples thereof include resins, fluorine-based polymers such as polytetrafluoroethylene and polyvinylidene fluoride.
- the above resins may be used alone or in combination.
- polyethylene glycol or polyvinyl acetate is used.
- the content of the resin and / or the carbide of the resin contained in 100% by weight of the carbon material is preferably 1% by weight or more, more preferably 3% by weight or more, further preferably 10% by weight or more, and particularly preferably. Is 15% by weight or more, preferably 99% by weight or less, more preferably 95% by weight or less.
- the exfoliated graphite is preferably a partially exfoliated graphite having a structure in which graphite is partially exfoliated.
- partially exfoliated graphite means that in the graphene laminate, the graphene layer is open from the edge to the inside to some extent, that is, one end of the graphite at the edge (edge portion). It means that the part has peeled off. In the central portion, the graphite layer is laminated similarly to the original graphite or primary exfoliated graphite. Therefore, the part where the graphite is partially peeled off at the edge is connected to the central part. Further, the partially exfoliated graphite may include exfoliated graphite whose edge is exfoliated.
- the mixing ratio of the resin and the solvent can be, for example, 20:80 to 100: 0 in terms of mass ratio.
- the mixing ratio between the resin and the dispersant can be, for example, 80:20 to 100: 0 in mass ratio.
- the primary exfoliated graphite broadly includes exfoliated graphite obtained by exfoliating graphite by various methods.
- the primary exfoliated graphite may be a partially exfoliated graphite. Since the primary exfoliated graphite is obtained by exfoliating graphite, its specific surface area only needs to be larger than graphite.
- the above resin is not particularly limited.
- the resin used here is a resin used for producing a carbon material, and is distinguished from a binder used as a binder. Most of the resin used here is carbonized by heating described below.
- particles different from the carbon material are further added to and mixed with the obtained dried product of the first mixture.
- the particles different from the carbon material are arranged in the matrix of the carbon material constituting the first mixture to form the second mixture.
- the second mixture may be formed by coating particles different from the carbon material with the carbon material constituting the second mixture.
- the mixing method is not particularly limited. For example, mixing by ultrasonic waves, mixing by a mixer, mixing by a stirrer, placing the dried product and particles of the first mixture in a sealable container, and shaking the container And the like.
- the mixing ratio between graphite or primary exfoliated graphite and particles different from the carbon material is preferably 0/100 or more, more preferably 1/100, by mass ratio. / 99 or more, preferably 50/50 or less, more preferably 30/70 or less.
- the particle diameter of the particles different from the carbon material is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle diameter of the particles different from the carbon material is more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more, further preferably 10 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably 300 ⁇ m or less.
- the particle diameter refers to an average particle diameter calculated by a volume distribution based on a dry laser diffraction method. The average particle diameter can be measured using, for example, MT3000II manufactured by Microtrack Bell.
- the method for removing the particles is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of washing with a solvent such as water and drying.
- the carbon material obtained by such a manufacturing method includes the plurality of concave portions and the plurality of convex portions. Further, the weight of the carbon material remaining on the sieve after the above-mentioned shaking can be set to 90% by weight or more based on 100% by weight of the carbon material put into the sieve. Therefore, the electrode film can be easily formed even when the added amount of the binder is reduced.
- the weight of the carbon material remaining on the sieve after the above-mentioned shaking is, for example, the amount of the resin to be mixed and the amount of the particles different from the carbon material are brought close to the same amount by volume ratio or different from the carbon material. Reduce the particle size of the particles, wash well so that no particles different from the carbon material remain when removing particles different from the carbon material from the second mixture, or lengthen the pulverization time after washing. Or the like.
- a second method In the second method, first, particles different from the carbon material are added to a matrix resin and mixed. Thereby, the particles different from the carbon material are arranged in the resin matrix to form a mixture. Further, a mixture may be formed by coating particles different from the carbon material with a resin.
- the mixing method is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, a method of mixing with an ultrasonic wave, mixing with a mixer, mixing with a stirrer, putting resin and particles in a sealable container, and shaking the container. Can be mentioned.
- the mixing ratio of the resin and particles different from the carbon material is preferably 1/100 or more, more preferably 10/90 or more, preferably 1000 / It is at most 1, more preferably at most 500/1.
- a liquid resin as the resin.
- the above resin is not particularly limited.
- the resin used here is a resin used for producing a carbon material, and is distinguished from a binder used as a binder. Most of the resin used here is carbonized by heating described below.
- the heating temperature in the heating step can be, for example, 200 ° C. to 1000 ° C.
- the heating may be performed in the air or under an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen gas. It is desirable that at least a part of the resin be carbonized by this heating step.
- an activation treatment may be further performed by a chemical activation method or a gas activation method.
- the weight of the carbon material remaining on the sieve after the above-mentioned shaking is such that the amount of the resin to be mixed and the amount of the particles different from the carbon material are brought close to the same amount by volume ratio, or the amount of the particles different from the carbon material. Reduce the particle diameter, wash well so that particles different from the carbon material do not remain when removing particles different from the carbon material from the second mixture, or lengthen the pulverization time after washing Can be increased by doing so.
- a mixture of graphite or primary exfoliated graphite and a resin may be used as in the first method, or without using graphite or primary exfoliated graphite as in the second method, You may use only resin.
- the carbon material of the present invention can easily form an electrode film even with a small amount of a binder added, and can enhance battery characteristics such as the capacity of a power storage device. Therefore, the carbon material of the present invention can be suitably used as an electrode material for a power storage device.
- the power storage device of the present invention is not particularly limited, and includes, for example, a nonaqueous electrolyte primary battery, an aqueous electrolyte primary battery, a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery, an aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, a capacitor, an electric double layer capacitor, and a lithium ion capacitor. Is exemplified.
- the electrode material for a power storage device of the present invention is an electrode material used for an electrode of a power storage device as described above.
- the power storage device of the present invention includes an electrode formed of the electrode material for a power storage device including the carbon material of the present invention, battery characteristics such as the capacity of the power storage device can be improved.
- the carbon material contained in the electrode material for a power storage device can effectively increase the capacity of a capacitor or a lithium ion secondary battery.
- a capacitor an electric double layer capacitor is mentioned, for example.
- the electrode material for a power storage device can be used as an electrode of a power storage device by shaping the carbon material of the present invention with a binder or a solvent as necessary.
- the addition amount of the binder may be reduced, and the binder may not be included.
- the amount of the binder to be added is preferably 5% by weight or less, more preferably 3% by weight or less, and still more preferably 1% by weight or less, based on 100% by weight of the electrode material for an electric storage device.
- the electrode material for an electric storage device can be shaped by, for example, forming a sheet with a rolling roller and then drying.
- the coating may be performed by applying a coating liquid comprising the carbon material of the present invention, a solvent, and, if necessary, a binder to a current collector and then drying it.
- a fluoropolymer such as polyvinyl butyral, polytetrafluoroethylene, styrene butadiene rubber, a polyimide resin, an acrylic resin, or polyvinylidene fluoride, or a resin such as water-soluble carboxymethyl cellulose
- a fluoropolymer such as polyvinyl butyral, polytetrafluoroethylene, styrene butadiene rubber, a polyimide resin, an acrylic resin, or polyvinylidene fluoride, or a resin such as water-soluble carboxymethyl cellulose
- polytetrafluoroethylene can be used. When polytetrafluoroethylene is used, dispersibility and heat resistance can be further improved.
- ethanol N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), water, or the like can be used.
- NMP N-methylpyrrolidone
- an aqueous solution or a non-aqueous (organic) solution may be used as the electrolytic solution of the capacitor.
- aqueous electrolyte examples include an electrolyte using water as a solvent and sulfuric acid or potassium hydroxide as an electrolyte.
- lithium hexafluorophosphate LiPF 6
- lithium tetrafluoroborate LiBF 4
- TEABF 4 tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate
- TEMABF 4 triethylmethylammonium tetrafluoroborate
- an ionic liquid having the following cation and anion
- the cation include an imidazolium ion, a pyridinium ion, an ammonium ion, and a phosphonium ion.
- anions include boron tetrafluoride ion (BF 4 ⁇ ), boron hexafluoride ion (BF 6 ⁇ ), aluminum tetrachloride ion (AlCl 4 ⁇ ), tantalum hexafluoride ion (TaF 6 ⁇ ), and tris (trifluoro).
- Methanesulfonyl) methane ion C (CF 3 SO 2 ) 3 ⁇ ).
- Example 1 To 1 g of polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight 600, manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.), 2 g of potassium carbonate (K 2 CO 3 , manufactured by Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., average particle diameter: 600 ⁇ m) was added as an activator, and a mill was used. Mix evenly. Further, the obtained mixture is maintained at a temperature of 370 ° C. (carbonization temperature) for 1 hour in a nitrogen atmosphere, then heated to 800 ° C., and maintained at a temperature (activation temperature) of 800 ° C. for 1 hour to perform an activation treatment. gave. Finally, the carbon material was obtained by neutral washing with hot water.
- PEG polyethylene glycol
- K 2 CO 3 potassium carbonate
- the prepared graphite dispersion was irradiated with ultrasonic waves at 100 W and an oscillation frequency of 28 kHz for 6 hours using an ultrasonic treatment device (manufactured by Hyundai Electronics Co., Ltd.).
- the mixture was mixed with 234 g of polyethylene glycol (PEG, molecular weight 600, manufactured by Sanyo Chemical Industries, Ltd.) at 8000 rpm for 30 minutes using a mixer, and then dried in a dryer at 150 ° C. to remove water, and the polyethylene glycol was converted into expanded graphite.
- An adsorbed composition was prepared.
- Example 3 A carbon material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the activation temperature was changed to 950 ° C.
- Example 4 A carbon material was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2, except that the amount of potassium carbonate added was changed to 94 g.
- Ketjen Black (manufactured by Lion Specialty Chemicals, trade name “Ketjen Black EC600JD”) was used as the carbon material.
- FIG. 2 is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) photograph of the carbon material of Comparative Example 3 at 5,000 times magnification. As is clear from FIG. 2, in the carbon material of Comparative Example 3, a plurality of concave portions and a plurality of convex portions as in Example 2 were not observed.
- BET specific surface area is 100 m 2 / g or more ⁇ : BET specific surface area is less than 100 m 2 / g
- FIG. 3 is a photograph showing the carbon material after pressurization in Example 2.
- FIG. 4 is a photograph showing the carbon material after pressurization in Comparative Example 3. As is clear from FIG. 3, it is understood that the carbon material of Example 2 forms a self-supporting film. On the other hand, as is clear from FIG. 4, the carbon material of Comparative Example 3 could not form a free-standing film.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の炭素材料は、BET比表面積が、100m2/g以上である。また、上記炭素材料0.2gを直径2cmの円筒形シリンジに充填した状態で、16kNの圧力で圧縮し、圧縮された炭素材料の全量をシリンジから取り出し目開き4.75mmの篩に投入する。投入後、篩を1分間振とうしたとき、振とう後に篩の上に残る炭素材料の重量が、篩に投入した炭素材料の重量100重量%に対し、90重量%以上である。従って、本発明の炭素材料は、バインダーを実質的に含まずとも、上記16kNの圧縮により自立膜を形成することができる。なお、「バインダーを実質的に含まない」とは、膜形成をする材料100重量%に対し、バインダーの含有量が1重量%以下のことをいう。
以下、上記本発明の炭素材料の製造方法の一例にとしての第1の方法及び第2の方法について説明する。
第1の方法では、まず、黒鉛又は一次薄片化黒鉛と、樹脂とを混合し第1の混合物を得る(混合工程)。なお、混合方法としては、特に限定されず、例えば、超音波による混合、ミキサーによる混合、攪拌子による混合、密閉可能な容器内に黒鉛又は一次薄片化黒鉛と樹脂を入れ、容器を振とうするなどの方法を用いることができる。
第2の方法では、まず、マトリックスとなる樹脂に炭素材料とは異なる粒子を添加し混合する。それによって、樹脂のマトリックス中に炭素材料とは異なる粒子を配置して、混合物を形成する。また、樹脂により炭素材料とは異なる粒子を被覆して混合物を形成してもよい。なお、混合方法としては、特に限定されず、例えば、超音波による混合、ミキサーによる混合、攪拌子による混合、密閉可能な容器内に樹脂と粒子とを入れ、容器を振とうするなどの方法を挙げることができる。
本発明の蓄電デバイスとしては、特に限定されないが、非水電解質一次電池、水系電解質一次電池、非水電解質二次電池、水系電解質二次電池、コンデンサ、電気二重層キャパシタ、又はリチウムイオンキャパシタなどが例示される。本発明の蓄電デバイス用電極材料は、上記のような蓄電デバイスの電極に用いられる電極材料である。
ポリエチレングリコール(PEG、分子量600、三洋化成工業社製)1gに、賦活剤として炭酸カリウム(K2CO3、和光純薬工業社製、平均粒子径:600μm)を2g添加し、ミルを用いて均一に混合した。さらに、得られた混合物を窒素雰囲気下において370℃(炭化温度)の温度で1時間維持した後に800℃まで昇温させ、温度(賦活温度)800℃で1時間保持することにより、賦活処理を施した。最後に、熱水で中性に洗浄することにより、炭素材料を得た。
膨張黒鉛(東洋炭素社製、商品名「PFパウダー8」、BET比表面積=22m2/g)1gと、分散剤としてのカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC、分子量25万、アルドリッチ社製)の1%濃度水溶液3gと、溶媒としての水30gとを混合し、黒鉛分散液を用意した。用意した黒鉛分散液に、超音波処理装置(本多電子社製)を用い、100W、発振周波数:28kHzで6時間、超音波を照射した。その後、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG、分子量600、三洋化成工業社製)234gと、ミキサーにて8000rpmで30分間混合した後、150℃の乾燥器内で乾燥させ、水を取り除き、ポリエチレングリコールが膨張黒鉛に吸着されている組成物を用意した。
賦活温度を950℃に変更したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして炭素材料を得た。
炭酸カリウムの添加量を94gに変更したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にして炭素材料を得た。
膨張黒鉛(東洋炭素社製、商品名「PFパウダー8」、BET比表面積=22m2/g)1gと、ポリエチレングリコール(PEG、分子量400、三洋化成工業社製)468gと、炭素材料とは異なる粒子としての塩化亜鉛(ナカライテスク社製、平均粒子径:100μm)23gとを、ミキサーにて8000rpmで30分間混合した後、150℃の乾燥器内で乾燥させ、水を取り除き、膨張黒鉛とポリエチレングリコールの混合物が塩化亜鉛に吸着されている組成物を用意した。
次に、得られた組成物を、420℃の温度で、1時間加熱処理した。しかる後、熱水洗浄により塩化亜鉛を除去することにより、炭素材料を得た。
炭素材料として、膨張黒鉛粉末(東洋炭素社製、商品名「PERMA-FOIL PF8」)をそのまま用いた。
炭素材料として、カーボンナノチューブ(CNT、昭和電工社製、商品名「VGCF-H」)をそのまま用いた。
炭素材料として、活性炭(クラレ社製、商品名「クラレコールYP50F」)をそのまま用いた。
炭素材料として、ケッチェンブラック(ライオン・スペシャリティ・ケミカルズ社製、商品名「ケッチェンブラックEC600JD」)をそのまま用いた。
実施例1~5及び比較例1~4の炭素材料について、以下の評価を行った。結果を下記の表1に示す。
図1は、実施例2で得られた炭素材料を示す倍率5000倍の走査電子顕微鏡(SEM)写真である。なお、SEM写真は、日立ハイテクノロジーズ社製、品番「SU8220」を用いて観察した。図1から明らかなように、実施例2で得られた炭素材料は、複数の凹部及び複数の凸部を有していることがわかる。なお、同様に、実施例1,3,4,5についても、複数の凹部及び複数の凸部を有していることを確認した。
炭素材料のBET比表面積は、比表面積測定装置(島津製作所社製、品番「ASAP-2000」、窒素ガス)を用いて測定し、以下の評価基準でBET比表面積を評価した。
○…BET比表面積が、100m2/g以上
×…BET比表面積が、100m2/g未満
以下のようにして、自立膜の形成の有無を確認した。
○…篩の上に残った炭素材料の重量が、篩に投入した炭素材料の重量100重量%に対し、90重量%以上
×…篩の上に残った炭素材料の重量が、篩に投入した炭素材料の重量100重量%に対し、90重量%未満
Claims (17)
- BET比表面積が100m2/g以上である、炭素材料であって、
前記炭素材料0.2gを直径2cmの円筒形シリンジに充填した状態で、16kNの圧力で圧縮し、圧縮された前記炭素材料の全量を前記シリンジから取り出し目開き4.75mmの篩に入れ、前記篩を1分間振とうしたとき、振とう後に篩の上に残る前記炭素材料の重量が、篩に投入した前記炭素材料の重量100重量%に対し、90重量%以上である、炭素材料。 - 前記炭素材料が、複数の凹部及び複数の凸部を備える、請求項1に記載の炭素材料。
- 前記複数の凸部が、前記複数の凹部に嵌合する凸部である、請求項2に記載の炭素材料。
- 前記炭素材料が、樹脂の炭化物を含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の炭素材料。
- 前記炭素材料が、グラフェン積層構造を有する炭素材料を含む、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の炭素材料。
- 前記グラフェン積層構造を有する炭素材料が、黒鉛又は薄片化黒鉛である、請求項5に記載の炭素材料。
- 前記黒鉛又は薄片化黒鉛が、グラファイト構造を有し、部分的にグラファイトが剥離されている、部分剥離型薄片化黒鉛である、請求項6に記載の炭素材料。
- 黒鉛又は一次薄片化黒鉛と、樹脂とを混合し、第1の混合物を得る工程と、
前記第1の混合物に炭素材料とは異なる粒子を添加し、前記第1の混合物を構成する炭素材料のマトリックス内に前記粒子を配置して第2の混合物を形成する工程と、
前記第2の混合物を200℃以上、1000℃以下の温度で加熱する加熱工程と、
前記加熱後の第2の混合物から前記粒子を除去する工程と、
を備える、炭素材料の製造方法。 - 樹脂に炭素材料とは異なる粒子を添加し、前記樹脂のマトリックス内に前記粒子を配置して混合物を形成する工程と、
前記混合物を200℃以上、1000℃以下の温度で加熱する加熱工程と、
前記加熱後の混合物から前記粒子を除去する工程と、
を備える、炭素材料の製造方法。 - 黒鉛又は一次薄片化黒鉛と、樹脂とを混合し、第1の混合物を得る工程と、
前記第1の混合物に炭素材料とは異なる粒子を添加し、前記第1の混合物を構成する炭素材料により前記粒子を被覆して第2の混合物を形成する工程と、
前記第2の混合物を200℃以上、1000℃以下の温度で加熱する加熱工程と、
前記加熱後の第2の混合物から前記粒子を除去する工程と、
を備える、炭素材料の製造方法。 - 樹脂に炭素材料とは異なる粒子を添加し、前記樹脂により前記粒子を被覆して混合物を形成する工程と、
前記混合物を200℃以上、1000℃以下の温度で加熱する加熱工程と、
前記加熱後の混合物から前記粒子を除去する工程と、
を備える、炭素材料の製造方法。 - 前記加熱工程が、前記樹脂の少なくとも一部を炭化させる工程である、請求項8~11のいずれか1項に記載の炭素材料の製造方法。
- 前記粒子を除去する工程が、溶媒により前記粒子を除去する工程である、請求項8~12のいずれか1項に記載の炭素材料の製造方法。
- 前記粒子の平均粒子径が、0.1μm以上、1000μm以下である、請求項8~13のいずれか1項に記載の炭素材料の製造方法。
- 請求項8~14のいずれか1項に記載の炭素材料の製造方法により得られた、炭素材料。
- 請求項1~7及び15のいずれか1項に記載の炭素材料を含む、蓄電デバイス用電極材料。
- 請求項16に記載の蓄電デバイス用電極材料により構成されている電極を備える、蓄電デバイス。
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