WO2020044355A1 - Intégration de tunnels de boîtes polyvalents avec des lacs vides et un mini-barrage pour une lutte efficace contre les inondations - Google Patents

Intégration de tunnels de boîtes polyvalents avec des lacs vides et un mini-barrage pour une lutte efficace contre les inondations Download PDF

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WO2020044355A1
WO2020044355A1 PCT/IN2018/050690 IN2018050690W WO2020044355A1 WO 2020044355 A1 WO2020044355 A1 WO 2020044355A1 IN 2018050690 W IN2018050690 W IN 2018050690W WO 2020044355 A1 WO2020044355 A1 WO 2020044355A1
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Prior art keywords
river
water
dam
sea
empty
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English (en)
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Hirenkumar Dhansukhlal Sharedalal
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/02—Stream regulation, e.g. breaking up subaqueous rock, cleaning the beds of waterways, directing the water flow
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
    • E03F1/002—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water with disposal into the ground, e.g. via dry wells
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F5/00—Sewerage structures
    • E03F5/14—Devices for separating liquid or solid substances from sewage, e.g. sand or sludge traps, rakes or grates
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03B—INSTALLATIONS OR METHODS FOR OBTAINING, COLLECTING, OR DISTRIBUTING WATER
    • E03B3/00—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water
    • E03B3/02—Methods or installations for obtaining or collecting drinking water or tap water from rain-water
    • E03B3/03—Special vessels for collecting or storing rain-water for use in the household, e.g. water-butts
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A10/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE at coastal zones; at river basins
    • Y02A10/11—Hard structures, e.g. dams, dykes or breakwaters
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a flood control system, which prevents water from flooding river, and from entering and causing damages to inhabited locations such as, cities or villages, present, on and near the banks of the river, having major dam on its upstream and sea on its downstream.
  • This involves construction of multipurpose box tunnels, empty lakes and mini dam, along and across the banks of river, which prevent, the intrusion of sea water into the river tail area, even at highest tide, and ensures the flow of river water being discharged directly into the sea, without flooding, areas on and near banks of river, even during heavy rainfall and high discharge of flood water from major dam upstream.
  • Flood is an overflow of water that submerges land that is usually dry.
  • Flood can be caused due to an overflow of water from water bodies such as river, lake or ocean by overflowing through its usual boundaries.
  • Floods are caused by many factors or a combination of more than one factors namely prolonged heavy rainfall, highly accelerated snowmelt, severe winds over water, unusual high tides, tsunamis, failure of dams, levees or retention ponds or other such structures, etc.
  • Floods usually occur when ponds, lakes, riverbeds, soil and vegetation cannot absorb all the rainwater.
  • the common cause of flood is heavy rain which exceeds the capacity of water flowing in rivers due to which water overflows the boundaries of the rivers and enters the land area causing flood.
  • This overflowing is mainly caused at bends of the river or locations where the river path becomes narrower. Some floods develop slowly while others such as flash floods can develop in just a few minutes. Floods can be local, impacting a neighbourhood or community, or very large, affecting a large population.
  • flooding mainly damages property and endangers the lives of humans and other species. Apart from this, flooding causes soil erosion, sediment deposition, pollutes and destroys the natural habitat of aquatic life, hampers the routine life of people, damages crops and farms etc. causing great financial loss. As such controlling the flood is the most important matter.
  • flood control methods have been developed and used since ages, to reduce or prevent the detrimental effects of flood waters.
  • the basic methods to control flood included planting vegetation, terracing hillsides to slow the flow downhill and construction of floodways which are diversions created to divert flood water.
  • Other methods include the construction of levees, lakes, dams, reservoirs, retention ponds etc. to hold the water during flooding and/or to be used in drought conditions.
  • Levees are naturally occurring ridges or artificially constructed fills or walls which regulate water levels. The main purpose of artificial levees is to prevent flooding of the countryside adjoining the water body and slow down the natural course changes in a waterway to make it useful for shipping.
  • Artificial lakes or reservoirs are manmade water bodies, used to store water, usually rainwater. This stored water can be used for daily activities, for commercial purposes as well as for recreational purposes.
  • Dams are barriers that stop or restrict the flow of water or underground streams. They reduce the peak discharge of flood water created by large storms or heavy snowmelt. Dams not only suppress floods but also retain water for activities like irrigation, human consumption, industrial use, aquaculture, navigability, hydropower etc. Dams are used to collect water and store it which can be supplied for use to different locations.
  • Retention ponds also known as wet ponds are artificial lakes with vegetation around their perimeter. Such ponds are used to manage storm water runoff to prevent flooding and downstream erosion and improve the quality of water in nearby river, stream, lake or bay.
  • US Patent 5788410 describes a mobile underflow spill recovery unit which provides a barrier to pollutants floating in runoff water which otherwise finds its way into storm drains and streams.
  • the mobile underflow spill recovery unit includes a dam disposed between limiting sidewalls, and a baffle spanning between the sidewalls above the dam.
  • the baffle's lower limit extends below the height of the dam, forming a weir channel between the baffle and the dam. Floating pollutants become trapped against the baffle while hydraulic pressure allows subsurface stream water to flow through the weir channel and over the dam.
  • a plurality of portable emergency dam units may be bolted together and installed through a temporary dirt levee built across a flowing stream or ditch to capture pollutants spilled upstream.
  • the conventional curb-level inlet to a storm sewer catch basin is replaced by a surface grate which drops runoff water into a chamber buried adjacent the catch basin.
  • the chamber includes a dam disposed beneath another opening leading into the catch basin.
  • a baffle disposed over the dam forms a weir channel, and the baffle may be adjustable for peak flow rates.
  • Means to suppress churning of water pooling in the chamber by incoming runoff may be provided below the inlet grate, and access means to the chamber interior allows for siphoning off trapped pollutants and for adjusting the baffles.
  • a mobile alternate embodiment includes a vehicle for rapid transportation of an emergency underflow dam recovery unit to a spill site, the vehicle further being equipped with ancillary pumps, hoses and a valved manifold for treatment of polluted water on the vehicle and release of cleaned water into a stream.
  • US Patent 6312192 discloses a flood control barrier for separating water in a wet area from an area to be maintained substantially dry comprises a flexible exterior membrane made of liquid impervious material and including elongated upper and lower membrane sections joined at a closed longitudinal downstream end of the exterior membrane opposed to an open longitudinal upstream end thereof.
  • the upper and lower membrane sections are connected by internal partition walls and are displaceable between expanded and collapsed positions, wherein in the collapsed position, the upper membrane section overlies the lower membrane section, whereas in the expanded position, the upper membrane section is spaced from the lower membrane section at the open end of the exterior membrane such that water may flow through the open end and be received between the upper and lower membrane sections such as to be trapped therein, i.e.
  • a float may be provided at an upstream end of the upper membrane section such that as water flows towards the barrier, the upper membrane section rises with a level of the flowing water while maintaining the upstream end above the water level.
  • Alternate embodiments include mechanical retention systems and an elongated seal.
  • US Patent 7435036 gives a flexible water gate that is suitable for retaining water in a port, canal or river estuary.
  • the gate is both economical to build and maintain and comprises a gate controller that allows a flexible member to be controllably moved between a closed and open position, as required.
  • a flexible flood control barrier that comprises one or more of the aforementioned flexible water gates is also described. These gates are deployed side to side and provide an economical way of providing flood protection to an area susceptible to flood tides. When not in use the flexible membranes of the flexible water gates can be stored on the riverbed so permitting unrestricted access for marine vessels.
  • US Patent 9279224 relates to a series of self-actuating flood guard units each including a buoyant gate flanked by a pair of the boundary walls and pivotable about a horizontal axis transverse to the flanking boundary walls which runs along a shoreline of an adjacent body of water.
  • the axis is located at a selected elevation above ground inundated by the body water and is selected to cause the gate to buoyantly rotate upwardly between the boundary walls on rise of water above the selected elevation. The extent of rotation is limited by a restraint acting on the gate.
  • KR 101267377 provides a natural water storage system for preventing flood to preventflood by discharging overflowing river water to a river after temporarily storing the overflowing river water in a water storage tank with a non-power mode.
  • a natural water storage system for preventing flood comprises a floodwater level forecast line, a floodwater level line, a small river inlet pipe(lOO), a rainwater chamber(200), a first settling basin(2l l), a washing tank(300), a water storage tank(400), and a water level sensor.
  • the floodwater level forecast line and the floodwater level line are formed in order to show the water level of a small river.
  • the small river inlet pipe draws water of the small river between the floodwater level forecast line and the floodwater level line and filters the adulteration with a screen device(HO).
  • the rainwater chamber draws the river water through the small river inlet pipe and comprises an opening and a closing plate(2l0) on the upper end.
  • the first settling basin filters the sludge with the movement of the river water.
  • the washing tank gradually stores the water with a washing tank overflow protrusion(3l0).
  • the water storage tank stores the water with a water storage tank overflow protrusion and discharges the stored water through a discharge pipe(4l2).
  • the water sensor is included inside of the washing tank and moves the water by opening or closing the hydraulic floodgate according to the water level.
  • JP 11-229356 discusses a movable weir and gives a method to prevent breakage of a weir by a flood by providing a support part (strut) disposed in an opposite bulkhead of a river with a weir member, the center part of which is connected to be separable in such a manner as to freely turn, and opening the weir by flowing water force when a flood occurs.
  • a support part strut
  • a weir member 3 are joined to each other by a connecting part 4, and a river is dammed to store water on the upstream side of the weir members 3, thereby keeping the habitant environment for fishes, plants or the like.
  • the connecting part 4 is separated, the weir members 3 are turned on a support part 2 to be opened.
  • the respective opened weir members 3 are drawn to the bulkhead side by each recovery rope 5 and fixed.
  • resistance of water is reduced to prevent the movable weirs 3 from being broken.
  • the weir members 3, 3 are returned in the cross direction by human power to put the connecting part 4 in the connecting state.
  • the risk of a flood can be reduced.
  • a flood prevention weir 1 comprises a bottom surface part 2 and a weir wall part 4 each made of a waterproof sheet, and the deep end part of the bottom surface part 2 and the lower end part of the weir wall part 4 are formed integrally in a state that the weir wall part 4 can stand from a lodging state by the flexibility of the waterproof sheet.
  • a core material storage part 5 is installed in the weir wall part 4, and a core material 6 is stored from a point near the lower end part to a point near the upper end part of the weir wall part 4.
  • CN 104612237 provides a rainfall flood regulating system which comprises a draining aisle, a rainwater inlet is formed in the left end of the draining aisle, an outlet for rainwater to be processed is formed in the right end of the draining aisle, a draining opening is formed in the front side of the draining aisle, a draining control weir gate is arranged at the draining opening, and a first level sensor is arranged in the draining aisle.
  • a first regulation and storage tank and a second regulation and storage tank are arranged on the rear side of the draining aisle, a first overflow structure is arranged between the draining aisle and the first regulation and storage tank, a second overflow structure is arranged between the first regulation and storage tank and the second regulation and storage tank, a front water passing channel is connected between the first regulation and storage tank and the second regulation and storage tank, a one-way check valve is arranged on the front water passing channel, a submersible sewage pump is arranged in the first regulation and storage tank, and the water outlet end of the submersible sewage pump is connected with the draining aisle.
  • Rainwater and the flood peak in the middle period are regulated in time while initial rainwater is separated, pollution of the initial rainwater and city and town waterlogging are effectively prevented, and regulation and storage are safe and reliable.
  • CN 105862680 gives a flood control weir.
  • the weir comprises a main dam stretching across a river and further comprises a base dam, a gate and a driving device, wherein the base dam stretches across the upstream position of the main dam, and the base dam is lower than the main dam; the gate is rotationally arranged at the upper end of the base dam; the driving device is connected with the gate and is used for driving the gate to rotate towards the upper side of the base dam or the lower side of the base dam.
  • the base dam is arranged above the main dam, and when the main dam is dismounted, the base dam can intercept a certain amount of water flow, so that flood influencing the downstream position is avoided; besides, the base dam is lower than the main dam, and thus ship sailing can be guaranteed.
  • Indian Patent Application 1381 /DEL/2013 provides a mini overflow concrete gravitational dam/ weir for storing the river water by making optimum use of gradient and the embankment that border the river, wherein: a. the cascade commences from the river mouth and then proceed upwards, in series; b. raising the embankment along the banks to a height higher than the dam section to an extent that is required for passing the design flood discharge of the river along the gradient till it tapers off to zero height so as to hold substantial amount of water; c. providing sluice gates for regulating the movement of silt during the peak period so as to avoid silting of reservoir and also to conserve the nature of river flow.
  • the main object of the invention is to provide integration of multipurpose box tunnels with empty lakes and mini dam for effective flood control wherein the multipurpose box tunnels are placed on mini dam just above highest tide level, such that the water from the river can always flow through these box tunnels into the sea, while the sea water can’t enter the river path or nearby areas even during highest tide and wherein the flow of flood water in the river downstream is controlled by the creation of emergency empty lake which is developed downstream of main dam and upstream of inhabited areas like city and villages or even airports etc., which will be used to store, flood water discharged from main dam, only in case of emergency, for effective flood control and wherein multipurpose box tunnels are constructed as embankments adjacent and all along, both the banks of the river, and are used to store, utility water from the river which can be supplied to various areas of city nearby the banks of river thereby assisting in supply of water to far areas at reduced capital cost towards water supply and system.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide integration of multipurpose box tunnels with empty lakes and mini dam for effective flood control in which multipurpose box tunnels are made of RCC and have roads built on their surface for better connectivity between and within different cities and villages lying on the banks of the river thereby easing traffic problems.
  • Still another object of the invention is to provide integration of multipurpose box tunnels with empty lakes and mini dam for effective flood control in which the multipurpose box tunnels built on the mini dam are built at a height above the highest tide level, which allows uninterrupted flow of the river water discharged into the sea even at time of highest tide.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to provide integration of multipurpose box tunnels with empty lakes and mini dam for effective flood control in which the multipurpose box tunnels built in the mini dam, at the normal tide level, are provided with gates, such that water from the river can flow in the sea while sea water can’t enter the river path or the villages and cities lying on the banks of the river.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide integration of multipurpose box tunnels with empty lakes and mini dam for effective flood control in which multipurpose box tunnels used for making embankments on both sides of the rivers are RCC boxes in which large volume of water for utility purposes can be stored and can be used for supplying to nearby cities and villages.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide integration of multipurpose box tunnels with empty lakes and mini dam for effective flood control wherein the embankments have smaller similar RCC boxes nearer the river bank which can be used to collect drainage from industries, cities and villages to be dispensed directly in the sea beyond the mini dam.
  • a yet further object of the invention is to provide integration of multipurpose box tunnels with empty lakes and mini dam for effective flood control wherein the emergency empty lakes are built on the river with overflow weir on its start point upstream, and underflow weir on its end point downstream, which controls the flow of river water and allows normal course of water in the river to flow routinely while restricting the flow of water during flooding of water such that water gets stored in these empty lakes during emergency, by closing the gates provided in lower portion of underflow weir.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide integration of multipurpose box tunnels with empty lakes and mini dam for effective flood control which also assists in storing water and providing it for utility purposes during scarcity or drought conditions and also reduces salination of water table near the sea but within the site of mini dam.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide integration of multipurpose box tunnels with empty lakes and mini dam for effective flood control which is essential for cities and villages lying on river banks, and is economical compared to other flood control methods.
  • the present invention relates to integration of multipurpose box tunnels with empty lakes and mini dam for effective flood control, which controls the water of the flooding river or sea from entering the cities or villages lying on their banks and having major dam upstream and sea downstream.
  • an earthen mini dam is constructed near the tail of the river on which multipurpose box tunnels without any gates, are provided at a height, greater than the highest tide level in the sea, such that river water can freely flow in the sea while sea water can’t enter the main river path.
  • Multipurpose box tunnels with gates are also provided in the mini dam between the highest tide level and the normal tide level, wherein the gates are designed such that they allow, only river water to flow in the sea whenever needed.
  • Emergency empty lakes with overflow and underflow weirs are constructed on the river path between the main dam upstream and inhabited areas like city downstream such that emergency lakes remain empty normally but can be used to store water in emergency conditions, when huge volume of water is released from the dam upstream and water cant flow down the river into the sea due to high tide in the sea, by closing the gates provided on lower portion of underflow weir built on downstream end of emergency lake.
  • the water stored in these lakes can be gradually released downstream, only when the high tide starts receding upto the low tide only.
  • Embankments made of multipurpose box tunnels are also constructed on both sides of the river which can store water for utility purposes and make facilities for dispensing drainage directly into the sea. All the multipurpose box tunnels can be surfaced with roads improving the connectivity between and within cities and villages.
  • Fig.1 represents the flowing river with the constructions of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 gives the diagram of the multipurpose box tunnel prepared on the mini dam.
  • Fig. 3 gives the diagram of the gates of the multipurpose box tunnel built in the mini dam.
  • Fig. 4 gives the diagram of the underflow weir built on the exit path of emergency empty lake.
  • Fig. 5 gives the diagram of the roads built on the multipurpose box tunnel.
  • the present invention describes an integration of multipurpose box tunnels with empty lakes and mini dam for effective flood control, as shown in Fig. 1, which prevents flooding of cities or villages lying on the banks of rivers or seas or oceans.
  • Fig. 1 As rainfall is the basic source of potable water and water flowing in rivers is normally used for basic needs of civilization, the present invention, along with preventing flooding of inhabited areas, helps in conservation of water for use by civilization, prevents salination of river water by blocking the entry of sea water during high tide, in the downstream flowing water of the river and provides flat and wide box tunnels for easy and ensured discharge of flood water from river into sea.
  • roads can be built to ease traffic flow.
  • Di is the main dam upstream through which the river flows wherein R indicates the natural river flow through the dam.
  • C L is the canal downstream of the dam on the river. This canal has an overflow weir Wi.
  • the emergency empty lake EEL is constructed from Wi by excavating both sides of banks of the river, to store water in cases of emergency.
  • the lake ends in the naturally flowing river to which it is connected through W 2 which is an underflow weir.
  • W 2 which is an underflow weir.
  • the river flows down through the underflow weir on its natural course and passes through villages Vi and cities lying on its banks.
  • the river width Wr is widened, wherever possible to increase the volume of water flowing through the river.
  • a mini dam is widened, wherever possible to increase the volume of water flowing through the river.
  • D 2 is constructed with multipurpose box tunnels T. These box tunnels have roads on top. The flood water discharged from river flows through these open ended box tunnels, into the sea, S. The detailed working of the invention is described further.
  • the present invention for controlling flood is divided in three phases.
  • this mini dam which should preferably be an earthen dam
  • lots of earthen matter is required.
  • desilting and dredging of the river is done.
  • the process of desilting removes the suspended silt from the river.
  • dredging of the river is done with the help of ultramodern machines available these days, to excavate the deposited silt, mud, weeds etc, from the river bed, thereby deepening the river and increasing its water carrying capacity. Dredging also keeps waterways navigable.
  • the excavated material, obtained from dredging of the river bed is used to make a mini earthen dam D 2 as shown in Fig.
  • mini dam 1, which will prevent the water of the sea from entering the river, even during highest tide because of the height of mini dam which is more than highest tide level ever.
  • This mini dam is constructed approximately 1 to 2 kms away from the sea near the river’s tail, covering an economically viable, wider length across the river, to allow maximum possible discharge into the sea.
  • the height of the highest tide level HHTL from the sea is determined and according to this height, a small dam is built above the determined height across the river.
  • the mini dam D 2 is built after determining the HHTL, uptill 0.5 meters above the highest high tide level Hi. This dam doesn’t have any opening uptill 0.5 metres more than the HHTL.
  • the excavated matter, obtained from dredging of the river bed, is used to build the small dam at lower cost.
  • This dam D 2 prevents the entry of water from the sea into the river, even when the tide is the highest. Due to this, the river water wont become saline in future. Moreover, gradually, the ground water too will lose its salinity and thus the water will become potable.
  • This dam D 2 also helps in conserving the river water for human use and prevents all the water from being discharged into the sea. Thus more water will be available for utility purposes and will fulfill the need for developing areas in and around the city or village. Water recreational projects can also be developed.
  • multipurpose box tunnels T are built on the top surface of the dam. These tunnels are made of RCC and have openings at both ends, which allow the flow of flood river water into the sea at and above highest tide level. Thus, even in case of flood in the river, due to heavy rainfall, the excess water flows uninterrupted into the sea.
  • the multipurpose box tunnels are designed in the shape of Ventury Tube V from inside, which allows faster flow of water from the river into the sea so that when the water level in the river is rising fast, it gets immediately disposed off into the sea, without flooding the inhabited locations on the bank of the river.
  • roads Rd can be built on the top surface of these multipurpose box tunnels T, connecting both the banks of the river, which help in solving the traffic problems and increase connectivity within and outside the cities and villages leading to the development of the city.
  • These multipurpose box tunnels also prevent erosion from the surface of the mini dam.
  • the multipurpose box tunnels provided above the small earthen dam helps the river water to flow out into the sea only when it reaches above the highest tide level. However, if the river is full of water and a major dam present upstream is also full with water, water needs to be released from the dam Di into the river as a precautionary measure. In such conditions, water needs to be immediately discharged from the river into the sea, even if its level is below the highest tide level.
  • additional box tunnels Ti are provided in the central part of the earthen dam D 2 , along 30% to 40% length of the small dam, above the normal high tide level Hi.
  • These multipurpose box tunnels have gates G with specially designed features as shown in Fig.
  • the second phase of the present invention involves the construction of emergency empty lakes EEL with underflow weirs W 2 along the main river stream, to tackle the problem of heavy flooding in the river during high tide in the sea.
  • the breadth of the river is widened by excavating sides of the river bank upto required area and having storage capacity calculated with factor of safety.
  • Emergency empty lakes are usually developed in areas of lower inhabitation where the land is cheaper and easily available.
  • Underflow weir W 2 is constructed, at the lower end of this lake, to control the flow of water through this lake.
  • this underflow weir has gates in the lower portion of the weir, touching the river bed, which are kept open GO throughout the year so that the river water flows normally through these lakes and down the weir and follows its natural course downstream.
  • the emergency empty lakes remain empty.
  • all these gates of underflow weirs are closed GC, as shown in the fig.
  • Emergency empty lakes are created by excavating the area around both sides of the river in the area proposed for construction of the lake, uptill the river bed.
  • the excavated earth is used to construct the earthen wall on the boundary lines of the proposed lake.
  • Such lakes will remain empty throughout the year and will be used for storing water only in conditions of emergency and so are named as emergency empty lakes.
  • this emergency empty lake is filled to its full capacity by closing the gates of their underflow weir W 2 . Due to this, the flood water which would have otherwise flooded the cities and/or villages, gets stored in these emergency empty lakes.
  • One or more such lakes can be constructed at various locations to protect nearby cities and villages from flooding. These lakes are standby lakes to divert and store flood water which would have ruined cities and villages and took a heavy toll on lives and property.
  • the capacity of an emergency empty lake must be at least, 50% more than the estimated quantity of water to be discharged. To achieve this value, a survey of water quantity which flooded the area in the past is done and 50% excess is added to the highest volume of flooded water, to calculate the capacity of the emergency empty lake. While calculating the capacity, the duration and timing of high tide is also to be considered.
  • Such lakes are constructed on the river along the natural flow of the river and are constructed by excavating the banks of river in the areas where human population is less due to which the land is cheaper and easily available.
  • an overflow weir Wi is constructed upstream on the river, at the location from where the lake starts and from where river flows normally in the emergency empty lake.
  • an underflow weir W 2 is constructed downstream on the river, at the location from which the river flows normally out of the lake.
  • a broad area of land around the river is selected between Wi and W 2 and is excavated uptill the river bed to construct the emergency empty lake.
  • the excavated earth is used to increase the height of the lake by preparing its boundary.
  • gates are provided as shown in Fig. 4, on the lower part of the RCC weir. These gates remain open GO throughout the year and allow normal water to flow through them.
  • emergency i.e.
  • the gates of W 2 are closed to fill the emergency empty lake with water and save the nearby cities and villages from flooding. These gates are closed GC using auto locking system and when closed, the flood water discharged from dam Di, wont find any way downstream beyond W 2 and so will be filled in the emergency empty lake.
  • the gates of W 2 are opened partially (as per the requirement), to release the flood water stored in the emergency empty lake in the downstream flow of the river, so that it gets discharged in the sea. This allows further storage of flood water which has been discharged from Di, in the emergency empty lake.
  • phase 1 and phase 2 of the present invention water flowing in the river can flood cities or villages lying on their banks by overflowing the low lying banks or through creeks of rivers.
  • embankments and other similar structures are constructed on river banks to solve the problems of overflowing and/or punctured banks of rivers.
  • the phase 3 of the present invention provides a solution to these problems.
  • multipurpose box tunnels Te with roads on top and water supply through the tunnels are to be constructed to be used as embankments to prevent flooding of cities and villages on both the sides of the river.
  • RCC box tunnels Te are constructed on foundation all along the banks of the river R on both the sides, right from the main upstream side of the city upto the mini dam D 2 , perpendicular to the width of the river S Si.
  • the height of these box tunnels is determined according to the flow of water in the flooding river such that it doesn’t enter nearby cities or villages.
  • Roads Rd are built on the surface of these box tunnels such that nearby buildings B, different cities and villages lying on the banks of the river get connected with each other.
  • These roads can further be connected with internal roads of the cities and villages.
  • Large volumes of water can be stored in the hollow portion of the multipurpose box tunnels Te, closed at ends, beneath the roads Rd, for utility purposes of nearby cities and villages. Water works for neighboring cities and villages can be developed due to these box tunnels improving the supply of utility water as well as decreasing the capital cost of water supply system and maintenance costs.
  • the embankments built normally require a wider base, which reduces the water carrying capacity of the river while the multipurpose box tunnels Te of the present invention require lesser width, thereby increasing the normal water carrying capacity of the river.
  • Part of these box tunnels can be developed as riverfronts where number of recreational activities can be introduced.
  • the smaller box tunnels of the present invention can also be used to develop the drainage system of cities and villages. Usually, in developing countries, the domestic and industrial waste of any city or village, discharged in the drainage system, is released in the river flowing through it, thereby polluting the river.
  • a mini dam D 2 of 3mt height should be constructed near ONGC bridge at Magdalla, Surat, with multipurpose box tunnels on it as described before at the height above the highest tide level of the sea during the August 2006 floods, wherein the road constructed on this tunnel widens the ONGC bridge thereby solving the traffic problems in Surat city;
  • empty lake having an area of 10 km x 5 km which can retain 3.00 m height of water or 4 km x 3 km area which can retain 12.5 m height of water.
  • the area selected is between Mandvi upstream and Kakrapar downstream, between the left and right canals of Kakrapar.
  • This empty lake will allow river water to flow normally throughout the year. Whenever the flowing water needs to be controlled, the gates of the underflow weir, provided at the lower part of the lake, is closed, so that water is retained between the lake and Kakrapar dam. Water can be stored in this empty lake to prevent flooding of the city during monsoons and/or for utility purposes.
  • the proposed area is excavated upto 20 mt, uptill the river bed and the excavated earth is used to construct the earthen wall on the boundary of the lake.
  • Similar empty lakes can be constructed at Bhairav and Bodhan so that more volume of water can be stored to manage critical situations during floods as well as to store water for utility purposes throughout the year, specially during deficiency of rainfall. For these utility purposes, additional water works can be developed near these emergency empty lakes.
  • box tunnels constructed in lieu of embankments will facilitate water supply upto newly developed areas upto ONGC bridge. Roads on top of these box tunnels can help transportation from ONGC bridge upto NH8 at Kathor which will ease the traffic inside the Surat city.
  • the present invention proves to be highly advantageous to protect cities and villages throughout the world, due to flooding in the river flowing nearby or due to high tides in the sea. It also protects the cities and villages from drought conditions by storing the river water for utility purposes. Dredging of the river increases the water holding capacity of the river and decreases its salinity. Multipurpose box tunnels over the mini dam constructed near the tail of the river, prevents the entry of saline water from the sea, even during high tide, into the river or nearby cities and villages, ensuring the potability and utility of the river water and ground water in nearby areas. The mini dam prevents erosion as well as assists in storage of river water for further use.
  • the gates of the multipurpose box tunnels in the mini dam can be opened for discharging the water into the sea, thereby preventing floods.
  • Roads can be built on these multipurpose box tunnels which increase the connectivity within and outside the cities and villages and reduce traffic problems.
  • Emergency empty lakes along with overflow and underflow weirs assist in storing excess water of the flooding river which can’t be dischared into the sea due to high tide and thereby prevent flooding of cities and villages lying on the banks of the river.
  • the stored water can be dispensed in the river later or can be used for utility purposes in future.
  • the embankments of the present invention provide safety to all the villages and cities lying on the banks of the river, from being flooded due to overflow of the river or due to creeks formed.
  • Roads constructed on the surfaces of these embankments increase the connectivity within and between various cities and villages lying on the banks of the rivers.
  • the RCC boxes used for the construction of these embankments can be used for storing water from the river for utility purposes. Similar RCC boxes nearer to the river can be used for emptying the drainage obtained from the cities and villages which can be piped out directly into the sea thereby protecting the river from being polluted due to drainage.
  • the present invention is highly advantageous as it protects the cities and villages from floods, droughts, pollution of rivers, salinity of ground water and increases connectivity within and between different cities and villages lying on the banks of the rivers.

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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne l'intégration de tunnels de boîtes polyvalents avec des lacs vides et un mini-barrage pour une lutte efficace contre les inondations qui empêchent l'eau d'inonder la rivière (R), et par conséquent protège, les emplacements habités, à proximité des berges de la rivière, des crues. Elle concerne des zones telles que des villes et des villages, ayant un barrage principal (D1) en amont et une mer (S) en aval. Un mini-barrage (D2), empêche l'intrusion d'eau de mer dans la rivière, même à la marée la plus haute, et assure la décharge d'eau d'inondation, directement dans la mer par l'intermédiaire de tunnels de boîte polyvalents (T), même pendant simultanément une décharge élevée d'eau d'inondation à partir d'un barrage principal (D1) en amont et une marée haute. Le lac vide (EEL) et les tunnels de boîtes polyvalents (Te) construits en tant que digues, stockent de l'eau à des fins d'urgence et utilitaires. Des tunnels de petite boîte (D) déchargent, drainent directement dans la mer. Les tunnels de boîtes polyvalents sont recouverts de routes (Rd), ce qui augmente la connectivité.
PCT/IN2018/050690 2018-08-28 2018-10-26 Intégration de tunnels de boîtes polyvalents avec des lacs vides et un mini-barrage pour une lutte efficace contre les inondations Ceased WO2020044355A1 (fr)

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Cited By (8)

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CN113026891A (zh) * 2021-03-11 2021-06-25 成都市陈式船舶研发有限公司 多功能排洪系统
CN113309037A (zh) * 2021-05-28 2021-08-27 顾声彪 一种动力防洪系统
CN113420453A (zh) * 2021-06-30 2021-09-21 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 泥石流堰塞坝溃决洪峰流量计算方法
CN115492058A (zh) * 2022-10-26 2022-12-20 陈瑜 一种水利设施中的自动泄洪阀门系统及方法
CN116950001A (zh) * 2023-07-28 2023-10-27 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 一种空箱防洪墙及防洪方法
CN118727660A (zh) * 2024-08-13 2024-10-01 南京市水利规划设计院股份有限公司 一种多功能拦河式闸站排灌系统
US12314068B2 (en) 2020-06-26 2025-05-27 Stutes and Son LLC System and method for floodwater redistribution
CN120217488A (zh) * 2025-02-28 2025-06-27 广东珠荣工程设计有限公司 一种基于多源数据的固床坝设计方法及系统

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JPH10298962A (ja) * 1997-04-25 1998-11-10 Japan Atom Power Co Ltd:The 越流及び水中放流併用型の放水口構造
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JPH10298962A (ja) * 1997-04-25 1998-11-10 Japan Atom Power Co Ltd:The 越流及び水中放流併用型の放水口構造
CN105951968A (zh) * 2016-06-21 2016-09-21 中国恩菲工程技术有限公司 尾矿库上游截排洪方法及装置

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US12314068B2 (en) 2020-06-26 2025-05-27 Stutes and Son LLC System and method for floodwater redistribution
CN113026891A (zh) * 2021-03-11 2021-06-25 成都市陈式船舶研发有限公司 多功能排洪系统
CN113309037A (zh) * 2021-05-28 2021-08-27 顾声彪 一种动力防洪系统
CN113420453A (zh) * 2021-06-30 2021-09-21 中国科学院、水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 泥石流堰塞坝溃决洪峰流量计算方法
CN115492058A (zh) * 2022-10-26 2022-12-20 陈瑜 一种水利设施中的自动泄洪阀门系统及方法
CN115492058B (zh) * 2022-10-26 2024-04-12 湖南海建工程有限公司 一种水利设施中的自动泄洪阀门系统及方法
CN116950001A (zh) * 2023-07-28 2023-10-27 上海勘测设计研究院有限公司 一种空箱防洪墙及防洪方法
CN118727660A (zh) * 2024-08-13 2024-10-01 南京市水利规划设计院股份有限公司 一种多功能拦河式闸站排灌系统
CN120217488A (zh) * 2025-02-28 2025-06-27 广东珠荣工程设计有限公司 一种基于多源数据的固床坝设计方法及系统

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