WO2020068022A2 - Onduleur monophasé pour panneaux photovoltaïques - Google Patents

Onduleur monophasé pour panneaux photovoltaïques Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020068022A2
WO2020068022A2 PCT/TR2019/050792 TR2019050792W WO2020068022A2 WO 2020068022 A2 WO2020068022 A2 WO 2020068022A2 TR 2019050792 W TR2019050792 W TR 2019050792W WO 2020068022 A2 WO2020068022 A2 WO 2020068022A2
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
semiconductor switch
voltage
inverter
snubber
vdc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/TR2019/050792
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English (en)
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WO2020068022A3 (fr
Inventor
Eyup AKPINAR
Abdül BALIKÇI
Buket TURAN AZİZOĞLU
Enes DURBABA
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Dokuz Eylul Universitesi Rektorlugu
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Dokuz Eylul Universitesi Rektorlugu
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Publication of WO2020068022A2 publication Critical patent/WO2020068022A2/fr
Publication of WO2020068022A3 publication Critical patent/WO2020068022A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
    • H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
    • H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
    • H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
    • H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
    • H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
    • H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J2101/00—Supply or distribution of decentralised, dispersed or local electric power generation
    • H02J2101/20—Dispersed power generation using renewable energy sources
    • H02J2101/22—Solar energy
    • H02J2101/24—Photovoltaics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02J—ELECTRIC POWER NETWORKS; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
    • H02J3/00—Circuit arrangements for AC mains or AC distribution networks
    • H02J3/38—Arrangements for feeding a single network from two or more generators or sources in parallel; Arrangements for feeding already energised networks from additional generators or sources in parallel
    • H02J3/381—Dispersed generators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/12—Arrangements for reducing harmonics from AC input or output
    • H02M1/123—Suppression of common mode voltage or current
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
    • H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
    • H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
    • H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
    • H02M1/348—Passive dissipative snubbers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y02E10/56—Power conversion systems, e.g. maximum power point trackers

Definitions

  • This invention is related to a single phase inverter which enables converting the direct current voltage to alternating current voltage, allowing the energy obtained from photovoltaic (PV) panels to be transferred to the voltage of the grid, connecting to the grid voltage without using a transformer, keeping the leakage current below the standards and keeping the efficiency (ratio between output and input power) at the rated power value up to 96%.
  • PV photovoltaic
  • Single phase inverters are used to produce alternating current voltage from direct current voltage.
  • One of these uses is to transmit the direct current voltage obtained from photovoltaic panels to the grid as an alternating current voltage. If the transformer is not used between the grid and the inverter, the leakage current flows between the panels and the ground of the grid must be controlled.
  • Today, H5 and H6 inverter structures that offer transformerless use are widely used.
  • Figure 1 shows H6 inverter
  • Figure 2 shows H5 inverter
  • Figure 3 shows optimized H5 (oH5) inverter
  • Figure 4 shows improved H6 inverter circuit diagrams of structures.
  • V cm ((VAO+ VBO)/2) common mode voltage
  • V dm VAO-VBO) inverter output (differential mode) voltage
  • V gCm grid common mode voltage expresses the voltage of the electrical network differential mode.
  • V gcm common mode
  • V gdm difference mode voltages
  • inductances (L1 , L2) used for current control between the inverter and the grid can be equally selected to eliminate the effect of differential mode. Therefore, in order to prevent leakage current formation, the common mode voltage (V cm ) should be kept at a constant value at all levels of inverter output voltage.
  • the capacitor (Cdd and Cdc2) voltages used on the DC link must be equal. Therefore, the capacitor voltages can be kept equally by using capacitor voltage balancing algorithms. However, these algorithms will bring extra load to system control algorithms and need extra circuit elements (voltage sensors, resistance, diode, etc.) to read capacitor voltages. Another method to keep the capacitor voltages equal is the voltage divider resistance connected to each capacitor in parallel; however, this adversely affects the efficiency of the system.
  • Improved H6 structure shown in Figure 4 utilizes capacitors (IGBT collector - emitter junction capacitors) in the internal structure of semiconductor materials used in circuit topology in order to keep the common mode voltage constant at all levels of the inverter output voltage. Since the values of the capacitors in the internal structure of the semiconductor material can vary according to the working conditions, control of the common mode voltage and therefore the leakage current is difficult. In addition, the resonance that occurs during the operation of the system oscillates the common mode voltage. Although H5 inverter given in Figure 2 uses a single capacitor, the common mode voltage carries uncertainty at zero levels of output voltage and can only control the leakage current in this inverter when the power factor of load is one. These restrictions limit the usage of this inverter structure.
  • capacitors IGBT collector - emitter junction capacitors
  • the electrical network which converts the direct current voltage to alternating current voltage, allows the energy obtained from photovoltaic (PV) panels to be transferred to the voltage of the grid inverter structures that are connected to the voltage without using the transformers, keep the leakage current below the standards and operate at a high conversion efficiency using a single capacitor at the panel output are needed.
  • PV photovoltaic
  • the invention aims to solve the disadvantages mentioned about the existing circuit structures. 3
  • the main aim of this invention is to realize the single phase inverter, which converts direct current voltage into alternating current voltage, allowing the energy obtained from photovoltaic (PV) panels to be transferred to the voltage of the grid.
  • PV photovoltaic
  • Another aim of this invention is to realize the single phase inverter that connects the voltage of the grid without the use of a transformer.
  • Another aim of this invention is to realize the single-phase inverter that keeps the leakage current below the standards.
  • Another aim of this invention is to realize the efficiency of the single phase inverter between the input and output forces at 96% under rated power conditions.
  • Another aim of this invention is to keep the total cost of production low.
  • Figure 1 is the circuit diagram of the H6 inverter of the prior art.
  • FIG. 1 is the circuit diagram of the H5 inverter of the prior art.
  • FIG. 3 is the circuit diagram of the optimized H5 (oH5) inverter of the prior art.
  • Figure 4 is the circuit diagram of the improved inverter of the prior art.
  • Figure 5 is a circuit diagram of the conventional bridge inverter structure of the prior art.
  • Figure 6 is a circuit diagram of the common mode model of the traditional bridge inverter structure of the prior art.
  • Figure 7 is a circuit diagram of the inventive inverter.
  • Figure 8 is the circuit diagram of the active current mode during the positive cycle of the inventive inverter.
  • Figure 9 is a circuit diagram of the freewheeling mode during the positive cycle of the inventive inverter.
  • Figure 10 is a circuit diagram of the active current mode during the negative cycle of the inventive inverter.
  • Figure 11 is a circuit diagram of the inverter's freewheeling mode during the negative cycle of the inventive inverter.
  • Figure 12 is the active circuit structure for snubber analysis of the inventive inverter.
  • the circuit elements and variables in the figures are defined individually and the equivalents of these variables are given below.
  • This invention is related to a single phase inverter (1) which enables converting the direct current voltage to alternating current voltage, allowing the energy obtained from photovoltaic (PV) panels to be transferred to the voltage of the grid, connecting to the grid voltage (Vg) without using a transformer, keeping the leakage current below the standards and keeping the efficiency (ratio between output and input powers) at the rated power value up to 96%.
  • PV photovoltaic
  • the inverter (1) whose circuit diagram is given in Figure 7, is in the most basic form, comprises the following; a DC connection decoupling capacitor (Cdd), which is connected in parallel to the DC line voltage (Vdc) obtained from the photovoltaic panel, thus preventing the need for voltage compensation, keeping the common mode voltage (Vgcm) constant and keeping the leakage current below the specified value in the standards,
  • a fifth semiconductor switch (S5) which is connected to the port of the decoupling capacitor (Cdd) with the positive (+) terminal of the DC line voltage (Vdc), is parallel to the first snubber circuit, has reduced switching losses due to said snubber circuit, is IGBT or semiconductors with similar switching characteristics
  • a sixth semiconductor switch (S6) which is connected to the port of the decoupling capacitor (Cdd) with the negative (-) terminal of the DC line voltage (Vdc), is parallel to the second snubber circuit, has reduced switching losses due to said snubber circuit, is IGBT or semiconductors with similar switching characteristics.
  • a seventh semi-conductor (S7) which is located between the fifth semiconductor switch (S5) and the sixth semiconductor switch (S6), is used for active clamping, freewheeling when turned on to maintain common mode voltage (Vgcm) constant flowing over a snubber current (Is7) with low average and effective values, at turn off the collector-emitter voltage (VCE, S7) is equal to the DC line voltage (Vdc), is IGBT or semiconductors with similar switching characteristics,
  • the first semiconductor switch (S1) and the third semiconductor switch (S3) which are semiconductors with IGBT or similar switching properties, are connected to each other in a serial manner and parallel to the seventh semiconductor switch (S7),
  • the second semiconductor switch (S2) and the fourth semiconductor switch (S4) which are semiconductors with IGBT or similar switching properties, are connected to each other in a serial manner and parallel to the seventh semiconductor switch (S7),
  • a first inductance (L1) which is located between the common end that is between the first semiconductor switch (S1) and the third semiconductor switch (S3) and the grid voltage (Vg) and is used for controlling the mains current (Ig) passes through the grid voltage (Vg)
  • a second inductance (L2) which is located between the common end between the second semiconductor switch (S2) and the fourth semiconductor switch (S4) and the grid voltage (Vg) and is used for controlling the mains current (Ig) that passes through the grid voltage (Vg).
  • Voltage balancing is not required due to the use of a single capacitor (Cdd) in the inverter (1) structure of the invention subject.
  • the common mode voltages (Vgcm) of H6 and optimized H5 topologies are constant, capacitor voltage balancing is required due to the use of two capacitors in these inverter structures.
  • the resonance problem based on the use of the internal capacitors (junction capacitors) of semiconductors and the associated common mode voltage (Vgcm) oscillations have been eliminated by the proposed inverter (1) structure. While the common mode voltage (Vgcm) remains constant in the inverter (1) in the inventor's case, the leakage current is kept below the specified value in the standards. In addition, with the proposed inverter (1) structure, oscillations caused by diode clamp circuit and diode reverse recovery current are eliminated. The efficiency of the inverter (1) is around 96% at the rated power value.
  • the structure of the active clamped snubber-based inverter (1) was created using seven semiconductor switches (S1 , S2, S3, S4, S5, S6 and S7), as shown in Figure 7.
  • the seventh semiconductor switch (S7) used for active clamping is only turned on to keep the common mode voltage constant at the moment of freewheeling, so a low average and effective snubber current LLT ,! switch (S7).
  • the collector- emitter voltage (VQE S7) of this switch (VCE, S7) is equal to the DC line voltage (Vdc).
  • the Snubber circuit capacitor (C s ) keeps the common mode voltage constant by filling up to half the DC line voltage (Vdc).
  • the parasitic capacitor (Cp) of the photovoltaic panel is located between the negative terminal of the DC line voltage (Vd C ) and the neutral point of the grid voltage (Vg).
  • Graph 1 - Switching signals (1) for the unipolar switching method for the proposed inverter For this proposed inverter (1) topology, the gate signals of the seven semiconductor switches (S1 , S2, S3, S4, S5, S6 and S7) supplied in Graph 1 are fully compatible with the PWM ports of the digital signal processors required by the standard unipolar switching method.
  • the common mode voltage (Vgcm) of the inverter of the subject of invention (1) is written in VAO and VBO according to the local common point (0) in the negative terminal of the DC line voltage (Vdc).
  • the common mode voltage in question (Vgcm) is shown in equation 2.
  • VAO is the voltage difference between the VA terminal and the local common point (0) of the inverter (1).
  • VBO is the voltage difference between the (1) VB terminal and the local common point (0) of the inverter.
  • VA and VB output terminals can be written in VAO and VBO, as shown in equation 3;
  • VAO the voltage difference between the VA terminal between the first semiconductor switch (S1) and the third semiconductor switch (S3) and the dc line voltage (Vdc) negative (-) terminal and the local common point (0) at the decoupling capacitor (Odd) port is noted.
  • VBO the voltage difference between the VB terminal between the second semiconductor switch (S2) and the fourth semiconductor switch (S4) and the dc line voltage (Vdc) negative (-) terminal and the local common point (0) at the decoupling capacitor (Cdd) port is noted.
  • the switching signals for the proposed inverter (1) for sinusoidal pulse width modulation are included in Graph 1.
  • the fifth semiconductor switch (S5) and the sixth semiconductor switch (S6) are running simultaneously, and the seventh semiconductor switch (S7) is switched in the complementary to these switches (S5 and S6).
  • the first semiconductor switch (S1), the second semiconductor switch (S2), the third semiconductor switch (S3) and the fourth semiconductor switch (S4) are operated with a unipolar switching form.
  • Vgcm Common mode voltage
  • S1 is in a continuous conduction position during the positive semi-cycle of the reference sinusoidal signal, while the third semiconductor switch (S3) is in an off position.
  • the transmission of these two switches (S1 and S3) varies alternately.
  • the fourth semiconductor switch (S4), the fifth semiconductor switch (S5) and the sixth semiconductor switch (S6) and the second semiconductor switch (S2) are operated at the frequency of the carrier wave (switch frequency) complementary with each other.
  • the value of the common mode voltage (Vgcm) in the meantime is obtained as shown in equation 4.
  • the fourth semiconductor switch (S4) is opened to obtain the freewheeling path, the second semiconductor switch (S2) is turned on and the inverter (1) output voltage is zero.
  • the fifth semiconductor switch (S5) and the sixth semiconductor switch (S6) are turned off and the seventh semiconductor switch (S7), the active clamping switch, is simultaneously turned on to keep the common mode voltage (Vgcm) constant.
  • the active current path is shown in Figure 10.
  • the second semiconductor switch (S2) is in continuous conduction and the fourth semiconductor switch (S4) is off state.
  • the second switch (S2) and the fourth semiconductor switch (S4) are commuted alternately.
  • the value of common mode voltage (Vgcm) is obtained as shown in equation 6.
  • Vgcm the common mode voltage
  • Vdc the DC line voltage
  • the snubber circuit allows the inverter (1) to keep constant common mode voltage (Vgcm) without oscillations during freewheeling periods.
  • the voltages on the Snubber circuits are shared equally half value through the DC line voltage (Vdc) level, ensuring that the seventh semiconductor switch (S7) is turned on. If the seventh semiconductor switch (S7) switch had not been turned on, no current (Is (t)) would flow through the snubber circuits at the time of freewheeling, so the snubber capacitors (Cs) would not be charged.
  • the snubber current t s (t) for the (underdamped) is (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1)
  • the initial value of the Snubber current is zero and has two critically damped waves in each turning off.
  • the first wave occurs after the fifth semiconductor switch (S5) and the sixth semiconductor switch (S6) are simultaneously turned off.
  • the second current wave appears when the seventh semiconductor switch (S7) is turned on after the 1.3 micro second dead time period between the seventh semiconductor switch (S7) and the sixth semiconductor switch (S6).
  • f sw is the switching frequency of IGBTs.
  • Graph 2 contains results measured through the snubber circuit when the fifth semiconductor switch (S5) and the sixth semiconductor switch (S6) are out of transmission.
  • Graph 3 contains the results measured through the snubber circuit during turn on of the fifth semiconductor switch (S5) and the sixth semiconductor switch (S6).
  • Graph 4 includes simulation of the proposed inverter (1) and experimental results (below) of the proposed inverter (1) in Graph 5.
  • b) section of VAO, c) section of VBO and d) section of (2x common mode voltage (Vgcm)) refers to VAO + VBO.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Photovoltaic Devices (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un onduleur monophasé qui permet la conversion de la tension continue en une tension alternative, permettant à l'énergie obtenue à partir de panneaux photovoltaïques (PV) d'être transférée à la tension de la grille, la connexion à la tension de grille sans utiliser de transformateur, la conservation du courant de fuite au-dessous des normes et le maintien de l'efficacité (rapport entre les puissances de sortie et d'entrée) à la valeur de puissance nominale jusqu'à 96 %.
PCT/TR2019/050792 2018-09-29 2019-09-25 Onduleur monophasé pour panneaux photovoltaïques Ceased WO2020068022A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
TR201814210 2018-09-29
TR2018/14210 2018-09-29

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Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020068022A2 true WO2020068022A2 (fr) 2020-04-02
WO2020068022A3 WO2020068022A3 (fr) 2020-05-07

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112187085A (zh) * 2020-06-01 2021-01-05 哈尔滨理工大学 一种新型的单相光伏逆变器
CN112398360A (zh) * 2020-11-10 2021-02-23 国网上海市电力公司 一种单相三电平微型光伏逆变器及其开环控制方法和系统
CN114552642A (zh) * 2022-02-28 2022-05-27 华能灌云清洁能源发电有限责任公司 一种三电平逆变电路
CN116404864A (zh) * 2023-06-07 2023-07-07 西南交通大学 一种功率解耦升降压共地功率因数校正方法及拓扑结构
CN117674623A (zh) * 2023-11-23 2024-03-08 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所(中国船舶集团有限公司第七一二研究所) 一种混合型对称五电平逆变器及其控制方法和逆变设备
CN118074623A (zh) * 2024-02-04 2024-05-24 广东工业大学 一种多电平光子电能变换器及其逆变方法

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US10090777B2 (en) * 2011-05-08 2018-10-02 Koolbridge Solar, Inc. Inverter with independent current and voltage controlled outputs
US9641099B2 (en) * 2013-03-15 2017-05-02 Sparq Systems Inc. DC-AC inverter with soft switching
KR101514803B1 (ko) * 2014-07-09 2015-04-23 주식회사 나산전기산업 신재생에너지 계통연계 분산 전원에 사용되는 단상 전압형 spwm 인버터 시스템
CN106411171A (zh) * 2016-10-14 2017-02-15 江苏大学 一种有源钳位的无变压器型低漏电流光伏并网逆变电路及其调制方法
CN107834888A (zh) * 2017-10-17 2018-03-23 国网江苏省电力公司盐城供电公司 一种电压混合钳位的无变压器型单相光伏逆变器

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112187085A (zh) * 2020-06-01 2021-01-05 哈尔滨理工大学 一种新型的单相光伏逆变器
CN112398360A (zh) * 2020-11-10 2021-02-23 国网上海市电力公司 一种单相三电平微型光伏逆变器及其开环控制方法和系统
CN112398360B (zh) * 2020-11-10 2023-04-11 国网上海市电力公司 一种单相三电平微型光伏逆变器及其开环控制方法和系统
CN114552642A (zh) * 2022-02-28 2022-05-27 华能灌云清洁能源发电有限责任公司 一种三电平逆变电路
CN116404864A (zh) * 2023-06-07 2023-07-07 西南交通大学 一种功率解耦升降压共地功率因数校正方法及拓扑结构
CN116404864B (zh) * 2023-06-07 2023-08-08 西南交通大学 一种功率解耦升降压共地功率因数校正方法及拓扑结构
CN117674623A (zh) * 2023-11-23 2024-03-08 武汉船用电力推进装置研究所(中国船舶集团有限公司第七一二研究所) 一种混合型对称五电平逆变器及其控制方法和逆变设备
CN118074623A (zh) * 2024-02-04 2024-05-24 广东工业大学 一种多电平光子电能变换器及其逆变方法

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