WO2020074484A1 - Éolienne comprenant une chaîne cinématique - Google Patents

Éolienne comprenant une chaîne cinématique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020074484A1
WO2020074484A1 PCT/EP2019/077174 EP2019077174W WO2020074484A1 WO 2020074484 A1 WO2020074484 A1 WO 2020074484A1 EP 2019077174 W EP2019077174 W EP 2019077174W WO 2020074484 A1 WO2020074484 A1 WO 2020074484A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
bearing
rotor
generator
azimuth
wind turbine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2019/077174
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Carsten Eusterbarkey
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Senvion GmbH
Original Assignee
Senvion GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Senvion GmbH filed Critical Senvion GmbH
Publication of WO2020074484A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020074484A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
    • F03D15/20—Gearless transmission, i.e. direct-drive
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03D—WIND MOTORS
    • F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
    • F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05B—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO WIND, SPRING, WEIGHT, INERTIA OR LIKE MOTORS, TO MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS COVERED BY SUBCLASSES F03B, F03D AND F03G
    • F05B2220/00—Application
    • F05B2220/70—Application in combination with
    • F05B2220/706—Application in combination with an electrical generator
    • F05B2220/7066—Application in combination with an electrical generator via a direct connection, i.e. a gearless transmission
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/70—Wind energy
    • Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a wind power plant with a gearless drive train comprising a rotor shaft and a generator.
  • Gearless wind turbines which are also referred to as wind turbines with direct drive, are known in the prior art.
  • a rotor that can be rotated about an essentially horizontal axis can be set in rotation by wind.
  • the rotor is gear-free connected to a generator for converting the rotational energy of the rotor into electrical energy, so that the rotor is driven at the rotational speed of the rotor.
  • the generator must therefore be designed for the rotational speeds of the rotor, which regularly results in large diameters of the rotor and stator.
  • EP 2 372 150 A1 shows a wind power plant with a direct drive, in which both the rotor of the wind power plant and the rotor of the generator are each mounted on journals which are made separately from one another and are thus connected to one another via a shaft which runs coaxially through both journals are that about this wave exclusively
  • a disadvantage of this prior art is the complex structure of the wind power plant in the area of its nacelle.
  • the object of the present invention is to provide a wind power plant with a gearless drive train which has a simpler and more cost-effective design than the prior art. This task is solved by a wind turbine according to the main claim. Advantageous further developments are the subject of the dependent claims.
  • the invention relates to a wind power plant with a gearless drive train comprising a rotor shaft and a generator with a stator and a rotor separated therefrom by a generator air gap, the rotor shaft being fixedly connected to the rotor of the generator without play, the rotor shaft facing away from the generator -
  • the third side is mounted in a main structure in a main rotor bearing, and the rotor of the generator is mounted opposite the stator via a torque bearing, the stator being connected to the supporting structure via at least three elastic suspension elements arranged in a ring around the rotor axis.
  • a connection is considered to be “firm and free of play” if there is practically no relative movement between the components connected in this way when the connection is expected to be subjected to loads.
  • torque bearing refers to a rotary bearing that enables the transmission of axial and radial forces and the absorption of moments that do not act around the axis of rotation.
  • a torque bearing can absorb bending moments acting on a shaft mounted therein.
  • a "one-sided" bearing always exists if a bearing is only provided on one side of the component to be stored, so that the component to be stored does not lie between two bearings.
  • both the main rotor bearing and the rotor bearing of the generator can be used as a fixed bearing for the drive train.
  • the rotor bearing of the generator can be regarded as a floating bearing with sufficient flexibility of the elastic suspension elements, in the latter - and preferred - the elasticity of the suspension elements is to be chosen such that the rotor bearing can be regarded as a fixed bearing for the drive train.
  • the rotor bearing of the generator in this case not only responsible for maintaining the generator air gap between the rotor and the stator, but also for absorbing all of the rotor thrust exerted by the wind on the drive train, as well as any bending moments, and introducing them into the supporting structure via the elastic suspension elements.
  • the rotor bearing is then designed as an axially and angularly movable floating bearing and, in addition to absorbing weight forces, essentially serves to absorb pitch and yaw moments acting on the drive train.
  • the rotor bearing of the generator although configured as a torque bearing, can follow bending deformation occurring in the drive train and in particular the rotor shaft, at least to a certain extent, and in particular as determined by the elasticity of the suspension elements.
  • the inventive design of the rotor bearing of the generator as a torque bearing achieves precise axial guidance between the rotor and the stator of the generator, so that the required generator air gap is maintained permanently even when the rotor shaft is deformed by bending.
  • Drivetrain as is often required in the prior art in order to keep deformation of the rotor shaft away from the generator, can be dispensed with.
  • main rotor bearing is designed as an axially and angularly movable bearing, it is extremely robust with respect to angular errors and axial play, which is why the preferred bearing arrangement does not require a highly precise alignment of the floating bearing with respect to the rotor bearing of the generator, which then acts as a fixed bearing. Possible deviations from a theoretically ideal alignment are usually easily compensated for by the floating bearing. The same applies to any change in position due to possible deformation of the elastic suspension elements during the operation of the wind turbine.
  • the rotor shaft is fixed to the support structure at the end remote from the main rotor bearing, before the tight and play-free connection between the rotor shaft and generator is released and the generator can be dismantled as a single assembly unit. Then a new generator, for example also with regard to its performance data of a different type, or the previously dismantled generator, for example after a repair, can be installed again without problems.
  • the rotor of the wind turbine must not be dismantled. As a result of this and since the generator can be (dis) assembled as a single fixed assembly unit, the generator can be replaced easily and inexpensively.
  • the rotor of the generator is supported on one side with respect to the stator via the torque bearing.
  • a support bearing designed as a floating bearing for the rotor on the side opposite to the moment bearing but it has been shown that the one-sided bearing is supported by a bending moment that possibly takes up the rotor thrust and any bending moments acting on the drive train trained torque bearing is usually sufficient to ensure the generator air gap between the rotor and stator. The additional weight of a support bearing can thus be saved.
  • the support structure is in several parts, the main rotor bearing being fastened in a first support structure part and the stator of the generator being connected to a second support structure part, the first and second support structure parts preferably being detachably attached to a machine support.
  • a multi-part design of the supporting structure results in geometries of the individual structural parts which are easier to manufacture and which can then be combined to form the supporting structure.
  • the suspension elements preferably being uniformly distributed over the circumference. With an appropriate number and arrangement of elastic suspension elements, the flow of force through the housing can be well distributed and particularly high force peaks in the housing can be avoided.
  • the elastic suspension elements are elastomer elements which are preferably arranged rotationally symmetrically and / or with their longitudinal axis parallel to the rotor axis.
  • a rotationally symmetrical design regularly enables simple and inexpensive production with a high load-bearing capacity, in particular in the radial direction.
  • a cylindrical shape, a conical shape and / or a barrel shape are particularly suitable as the rotationally symmetrical design.
  • the conical shape can facilitate disassembly during repair work.
  • the cylindrical design is also known as the Ultra socket.
  • the elasticity of the elastic suspension elements is configured in a direction-dependent manner in such a way that there is sufficient rigidity in the circumferential direction to guide the generator torque completely into the supporting structure solely via the suspension elements.
  • a corresponding design of the suspension elements makes it possible to dispense with a separate torque support for the generator.
  • the torque bearing can be a plain bearing or a roller bearing. If a roller bearing is provided, it is preferred if it is a two-row tapered roller bearing with an inclined position in an X or O arrangement. Corresponding torque bearings allow a play-free and highly resilient bearing, in which the necessary bracing of the individual bearing components is essentially insensitive to any temperature effects due to the short bracing length. Compared to a comparable bearing with an X arrangement, the O arrangement is characterized by an even higher torque capacity. If the main rotor bearing is to be a floating bearing, it is preferably a toroidal roller bearing.
  • a toroidal roller bearing - also called “CARB bearing” or “CARB toroidal roller bearing” - is a single-row roller bearing with symmetrical, relatively long, slightly spherical rollers and toroidal shaped raceways. Corresponding bearings can only absorb radial loads, but are also extremely robust against angular errors and axial play.
  • the support structure is preferably designed for connection to an azimuth bearing arranged on the tower of the wind energy installation, in order to achieve a rotation of the support structure and the rotor axis, which is regularly arranged stationary, in the azimuth direction.
  • azimuth drives for securing the supporting structure in a certain azimuth position there are azimuth brakes, usually in the form of azimuth brake calipers intended.
  • the machine support is regularly designed for connection to the azimuth bearing.
  • the support structure or the machine support has a flange with a hole pattern identical to the hole pattern of the azimuth bearing of the wind energy installation and a support plate is provided for receiving at least six azimuth drives, where the support plate has a hole pattern identical to the hole pattern of the azimuth bearing and is arranged between the support structure or machine support and the azimuth bearing in such a way that the screw connection of the support structure or the machine support to the azimuth bearing is guided through the hole pattern of the support plate.
  • the support plate is characterized by a hole pattern that corresponds to the hole patterns on the flange of the support structure or the machine support and the azimuth bearing, so that the support plate can be easily clamped in by the screw connection provided for fastening the support structure or the machine support to the azimuth bearing and no special attachment is required.
  • the carrier plate also has a number of receptacles for it that go beyond the usual number of azimuth drives, which are preferably also all provided with an azimuth drive.
  • the additional azimuth drives can reduce the reaction forces applied to the individual drives in the carrier plate and the resulting carding moments, so that the carrier plate can have a smaller thickness than a plate with only four azimuth drives.
  • the carrier plate is designed to accommodate eight or more azimuth drives. It also applies here that an azimuth drive is preferably provided in each receptacle provided for the carrier plate.
  • the carrier plate can have at least five, preferably at least eight receptacles for azimuth brakes, where an azimuth brake is preferably provided in each receptacle provided for this purpose.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic partial representation of the gearless drive train
  • Embodiment of a wind turbine according to the invention Embodiment of a wind turbine according to the invention.
  • the drive train 1 comprises a rotor shaft 2 designed as a hollow shaft, at one end 3 of which the rotor of the wind energy installation, of which only the rotor hub 4 is shown, is fastened.
  • a generator 10 is arranged at the other end 5 of the rotor shaft 2.
  • the generator 10 comprises a rotor 11 and a stator 12, a circumferential generator air gap 13 being provided between the two components 11, 12.
  • the rotor shaft 2 is supported in the region of one end 3 by a main rotor bearing 7 on a first ring-shaped support structure part 21 which completely surrounds the rotor shaft 2.
  • the main rotor bearing 7 is an axially and angularly movable toroidal roller bearing and thus a floating bearing.
  • the rotor shaft 2 is firmly connected to the rotor 11 of the generator 10 via the indicated screw connection 6 and without play.
  • the stator 12 is connected to a second support structure part 22 via a total of sixteen elastomer elements distributed uniformly over the circumference as elastic suspension elements 24.
  • the elastomer elements have a cylindrical shape in the connection area, the respective longitudinal axes being aligned parallel to the rotor axis 9.
  • the first support structure part 21 and the second support structure part 22 are connected to a machine support 23 designed as a cast part.
  • the support structure parts 21, 22 and the machine support 23 form the support structure 20.
  • the second support structure part 22 has a locking flange 25 which runs around the rotor shaft 2 and on which the rotor shaft 2 can be fixed if necessary. If the rotor shaft 2 is fixed accordingly, the generator 10 can be dismantled without problems.
  • the mounting of the drive train 1 shown in FIG. 1 achieves a fixed-loose mounting, wherein the torque bearing 14 integrated in the generator 10 not only achieves fixed mounting, but also ensures that the generator air gap 13 is maintained .
  • the generator air gap 13 is also maintained in particular when the drive train 1 is deformed due to wind loads acting on the rotor, a certain bending deformation of the rotor shaft 2 being made possible by the elastic suspension elements 24.
  • the transmission of vibrations of the drive train 1 to the second support structure 22 can also be minimized.
  • the machine carrier 23 On its underside, the machine carrier 23 has a flange 26 with a hole pattern which corresponds to that of the azimuth bearing 30, on which the machine carrier 23 is fastened to the azimuth bearing 30 in a known manner.
  • a carrier plate 31 is also provided, which likewise has a hole pattern which corresponds to the hole pattern of the machine carrier 23 or that of the azimuth bearing 30.
  • the carrier plate 31 can therefore be arranged between the machine carrier 23 and the azimuth bearing 30 such that the known screw connection of the machine carrier 23 to the azimuth bearing 30 is guided through the hole pattern of the carrier plate 31, with which the carrier plate 31 is securely fastened.
  • a total of twelve azimuth drives 32 (only six of which are shown) are arranged on the support plate 31 in receptacles provided for this purpose, by means of which the azimuth adjustment of the wind power installation is accomplished.
  • azimuth brakes 33 designed as brake calipers can also be provided, with which the Wind turbine can be secured in a predetermined azimuth position. In Figure 1, only one azimuth brake 33 is shown as an example.
  • the arrangement of the azimuth drives 32 and the azimuth brakes 33 on the carrier plate 31 makes it possible to dispense with a more complex and thus more cost-intensive design of the machine carrier 23.
  • the carding moments acting on the carrier plate 31 can be kept low by the respectively selected number of azimuth drives 32 and azimuth brakes 33, so that neither a particularly large thickness of the carrier plate 31 nor complex reinforcements of the carrier plate 31 are required.
  • the rotor 11 of the generator 10 is arranged inside the stator 12.
  • the rotor 11 it is of course also possible for the rotor 11 to engage around the stator 12 from the outside in order to improve the electrical design of the generator.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Wind Motors (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une éolienne comprenant une chaîne cinématique (1) sans engrenage comportant un arbre de rotor (2) et un générateur (10) ayant un stator (12) et un rotor (11) séparé de celui-ci par un entrefer de générateur (13). L'arbre de rotor (2) est relié fermement et sans jeu au rotor (11) du générateur (10) et, sur le côté opposé au générateur (10), il est monté dans un palier principal de rotor (7) dans une structure de support (20, 21). Le rotor (11) du générateur (10) est monté par rapport au stator (12) via un palier de couple (14), le stator (12) étant relié à la structure de support (20, 22) via au moins trois éléments de suspension élastiques (24) disposés en anneau autour de l'axe du rotor (9).
PCT/EP2019/077174 2018-10-11 2019-10-08 Éolienne comprenant une chaîne cinématique Ceased WO2020074484A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102018008034.0 2018-10-11
DE102018008034.0A DE102018008034A1 (de) 2018-10-11 2018-10-11 Windenergieanlage mit Triebstrang

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020074484A1 true WO2020074484A1 (fr) 2020-04-16

Family

ID=68382371

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2019/077174 Ceased WO2020074484A1 (fr) 2018-10-11 2019-10-08 Éolienne comprenant une chaîne cinématique

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DE (1) DE102018008034A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020074484A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK4060189T3 (da) 2021-03-18 2025-08-18 Nordex Energy Se & Co Kg Gearkasselejeindretning til en vindmølle og vindmølle

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080272602A1 (en) * 2006-03-24 2008-11-06 Unison Co., Ltd. Wind Turbine
EP2372150A1 (fr) 2010-03-29 2011-10-05 Ecotecnia Energias Renovables S.L. Éolienne
EP2508754A1 (fr) * 2011-04-04 2012-10-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système de transmission pour une éolienne
WO2016146128A1 (fr) * 2015-03-16 2016-09-22 Envision Energy (Denmark) Aps Éolienne comprenant une unité d'amortissement de couple

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO320790B1 (no) * 2000-10-19 2006-01-30 Scan Wind Group As Vindkraftverk
ES2322012B1 (es) * 2007-10-29 2010-03-11 GAMESA INNOVATION & TECHNOLOGY, S.L. Un tren de potencia mejorado de un aerogenerador.
EP2975261A1 (fr) * 2014-07-18 2016-01-20 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Éolienne à générateur à entraînement direct

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20080272602A1 (en) * 2006-03-24 2008-11-06 Unison Co., Ltd. Wind Turbine
EP2372150A1 (fr) 2010-03-29 2011-10-05 Ecotecnia Energias Renovables S.L. Éolienne
EP2508754A1 (fr) * 2011-04-04 2012-10-10 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Système de transmission pour une éolienne
WO2016146128A1 (fr) * 2015-03-16 2016-09-22 Envision Energy (Denmark) Aps Éolienne comprenant une unité d'amortissement de couple

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102018008034A1 (de) 2020-04-16

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