WO2020095811A1 - 吸水性樹脂 - Google Patents
吸水性樹脂 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020095811A1 WO2020095811A1 PCT/JP2019/042766 JP2019042766W WO2020095811A1 WO 2020095811 A1 WO2020095811 A1 WO 2020095811A1 JP 2019042766 W JP2019042766 W JP 2019042766W WO 2020095811 A1 WO2020095811 A1 WO 2020095811A1
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- water
- absorbent resin
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/265—Synthetic macromolecular compounds modified or post-treated polymers
- B01J20/267—Cross-linked polymers
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/15203—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
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- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
- A61L15/24—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives thereof
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
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- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
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- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/24—Naturally occurring macromolecular compounds, e.g. humic acids or their derivatives
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- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28011—Other properties, e.g. density, crush strength
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F20/00—Homopolymers and copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride, ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F20/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms, Derivatives thereof
- C08F20/04—Acids, Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F20/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
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- C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
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- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J3/02—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques
- C08J3/03—Making solutions, dispersions, lattices or gels by other methods than by solution, emulsion or suspension polymerisation techniques in aqueous media
- C08J3/075—Macromolecular gels
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- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
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- C08J3/24—Crosslinking, e.g. vulcanising, of macromolecules
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- A61F2013/530481—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- C08J2333/02—Homopolymers or copolymers of acids; Metal or ammonium salts thereof
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a water absorbent resin, a method for manufacturing the same, and the like. More specifically, the present invention relates to a water-absorbent resin that constitutes an absorber preferably used for absorbent articles for sanitary materials such as sanitary items and disposable diapers, and a method for producing the same.
- Absorbent articles for sanitary materials such as sanitary products and disposable diapers are usually composed of an absorbent body containing hydrophilic fibers and a water-absorbent resin as main constituent units.
- the water-absorbent resin include starch-acrylonitrile graft copolymers.
- hydrolyzed products of polymers neutralized products of starch-acrylic acid graft copolymers, saponified products of vinyl acetate-acrylic acid ester copolymers, partially neutralized products of polyacrylic acid, and the like.
- the texture (softness) of the absorber is excellent, but the absorption performance represented by the amount of reversion is not satisfactory. Therefore, if the content of the water-absorbent resin is increased, the absorption performance after absorption of body fluid and the like tends to be improved, but the texture of the absorbent body is impaired. Further, it is difficult to uniformly disperse a large amount of the water absorbent resin in the absorbent body, and the performance improvement due to the increased amount of the water absorbent resin is not necessarily guaranteed. As described above, it is difficult to satisfy both the absorption performance and the texture in the absorber. Therefore, even if the content in the absorber is small, a water absorbent resin having a property of enhancing the absorption performance in the absorber is desired.
- the water-absorbent resin In order to improve the absorption performance of absorbent articles for hygiene materials, the water-absorbent resin is required to have high water retention capacity and high water absorption capacity under load. In order to obtain a water absorbent resin having such characteristics, research has been conducted so far. For example, the following proposals have been made. That is, by performing reverse phase suspension polymerization of water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers in multiple stages, in addition to excellent water absorption, the resulting water-absorbent resin has a large particle size, a small amount of fine powder, and a sharp distribution.
- Patent Document 1 a method for producing a water-absorbent resin having high wettability with water (see Patent Document 1), reverse-phase suspension polymerization of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer to obtain primary particles having a specific median particle size.
- a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in the second stage is added to carry out a reverse phase suspension polymerization reaction to obtain secondary particles having a specific median particle diameter.
- Patent Document 2 primary particles obtained by polymerizing a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer by a reverse phase suspension polymerization method are further aggregated by a reverse phase suspension polymerization method.
- a water-absorbent resin having a median particle size of the primary particles of 100 to 250 ⁇ m Absorbent resin (see Patent Document 3) it is known, wherein the saline water retention capacity of the water-absorbent resin is not more than 30 g / g.
- the main purpose of the present disclosure is to provide a water absorbent resin that can reduce the amount of reversion of the liquid to be absorbed from the absorbent body even in an absorbent body having a low water absorbent resin content.
- the present inventors have found that when a water-absorbent resin satisfying a specific index is used, even in an absorber having a low content of the water-absorbent resin, the amount of reversion of the liquid to be absorbed from the absorber can be reduced. We made further improvements.
- a water-absorbent resin which is a polymer cross-linked product of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer and has a dry-up index of 1.85 or more represented by the following formula (1).
- the total absorption capacity term ⁇ and the water absorption rate term ⁇ are obtained by the following equations (2) and (3).
- Item 2 The water absorbent resin according to Item 1, wherein the total absorption capacity term ⁇ is 0.95 or more.
- Item 3 The water absorbent resin according to Item 1 or 2, wherein the water absorption rate term ⁇ is 1.56 or more.
- Item 4. The water absorbent resin according to any one of Items 1 to 3, wherein the difference between the physiological saline absorption capacity and the physiological saline retention capacity is 18 or less.
- Item 5 The water absorbent resin according to any one of Items 1 to 4, wherein the difference between the physiological saline water absorption capacity under a load of 2.007 kPa and the physiological saline water absorption capacity under a load of 4.82 kPa is 17 to 36. ..
- Item 6 An absorbent body containing 5 to 50% by mass of the water absorbent resin according to any one of the items 1 to 5 or the following items AF.
- Item A A water-absorbent resin which is a polymer cross-linked product of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer, which is prepared by a polymerization method satisfying at least two conditions of the following conditions (i), (ii), and (iii).
- the molar ratio of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer used in the first stage polymerization to the internal cross-linking agent (water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer / internal cross-linking agent) is 10 ⁇ 10 3 to 15 ⁇ .
- the molar ratio of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer used in the second stage polymerization to the internal crosslinking agent (water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer / internal crosslinking agent) is 15 ⁇ 10 3 to 25 ⁇ . It is 10 3 .
- the molar ratio of the total amount of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer used in the polymerization for preparing the resin used for the post-crosslinking reaction and the post-crosslinking agent (water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer / post-crosslinking agent) ) Is 2.5 ⁇ 10 3 to 4.5 ⁇ 10 3 .
- Item B The water absorbent resin according to any one of Items 1 to 5, which is prepared by a polymerization method satisfying at least two conditions of the following conditions (i), (ii), and (iii).
- the molar ratio of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer used in the first stage polymerization to the internal cross-linking agent (water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer / internal cross-linking agent) is 10 ⁇ 10 3 to 15 ⁇ . It is 10 3 .
- the molar ratio of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer used in the second stage polymerization to the internal crosslinking agent (water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer / internal crosslinking agent) is 15 ⁇ 10 3 to 25 ⁇ . It is 10 3 .
- the molar ratio of the total amount of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer used in the polymerization to prepare the resin used for the post-crosslinking reaction and the post-crosslinking agent (water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer / post-crosslinking agent) ) Is 2.5 ⁇ 10 3 to 4.5 ⁇ 10 3 .
- Term D At least one of (i) and (ii) is satisfied, and the internal crosslinking agent is selected from the group consisting of (poly) ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, (poly) propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and (poly) glycerin diglycidyl ether.
- the post-crosslinking agent satisfying at least (iii) is at least one selected from the group consisting of (poly) ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, (poly) propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, and (poly) glycerin diglycidyl ether.
- the polymerization method satisfying at least two conditions of (i), (ii), and (iii) is a reverse phase suspension polymerization (preferably one or two-step reverse phase suspension polymerization, more preferably two-step).
- Term G Item 7.
- a water-absorbent resin that can reduce the amount of reversion, and a method for producing the same, even when the water-absorbent resin is used in a small amount in the absorber.
- the present disclosure preferably includes, but is not limited to, a specific water absorbent resin and a method for producing the same, and the present disclosure includes all disclosed in the present specification and recognizable by a person skilled in the art.
- a water-absorbent resin included in the present disclosure is a water-absorbent resin composed of a polymer of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and is represented by the following formula (1). Is a water-absorbent resin having a dry-up index of 1.85 or more, which is represented by the product of the water absorption rate term ⁇ .
- the water absorbent resin may be referred to as the “water absorbent resin of the present disclosure”.
- the water-absorbent resin of the present disclosure preferably has a dry-up index of 1.9 to 5.0.
- the lower limit of the numerical range is, for example, 2.0, 2.1, 2.2, 2.3, 2.4, 2.5, 2.6, 2.7, 2.8, or 2.9. It may be.
- the upper limit of the numerical range is, for example, 4.9, 4.8, 4.7, 4.6, 4.5, 4.4, 4.3, 4.2, 4.1, 4.0. It may be 3.9, 3.8, 3.7, 3.6, 3.5, 3.4, 3.3, 3.2, 3.1, or 3.0.
- the numerical range is, for example, more preferably 2.0 to 4.0, further preferably 2.1 to 3.0.
- the overall absorption capacity term ⁇ of the water absorbent resin is a value calculated by the following equation (2).
- physiological saline water absorption capacity means a standard sieve having an opening of 75 ⁇ m after stirring 2.0 g of the water absorbent resin for 60 minutes while stirring 500 g of physiological saline at 600 r / min. Is a value obtained by measuring the mass of the swollen gel after standing still for 30 minutes in a state in which the sieve was tilted at an inclination angle of about 30 degrees with respect to the horizontal.
- the “physiological saline water retention capacity” means that while stirring 500 g of physiological saline at 600 r / min, 2.0 g of the water-absorbent resin is stirred for 30 minutes, and then stored in a cotton bag (Membroad No. 60). It is a value obtained by pouring and dehydrating a cotton bag for 1 minute using a dehydrator set to have a centrifugal force of 167 G, and measuring the mass of the swollen gel after dehydration.
- physiological saline water absorption capacity under a load of 2.07 kPa refers to 0.1 g of the water-absorbent resin evenly sprinkled on a cylinder having an inner diameter of 2.0 cm with a 200-mesh nylon mesh. It is determined by allowing the water-absorbent resin to absorb water under the condition that a load of 2.07 kPa is uniformly applied by the weight and measuring the amount of physiological saline 60 minutes after the start of water absorption. For the measurement, the measuring device X whose schematic configuration is shown in FIG. 1 can be preferably used.
- the “physiological saline water absorption capacity under a load of 4.82 kPa” is 4% by weight with respect to 0.9 g of the water-absorbent resin charged in a supporting cylinder having an inner diameter of 60 mm with a 400-mesh wire mesh. It is determined by allowing the water-absorbent resin to absorb water with a load of 0.82 kPa being uniformly applied, and measuring the amount of physiological saline after 60 minutes have elapsed from the start of water absorption. For the measurement, the measuring device Y whose schematic configuration is shown in FIG. 2 can be preferably used.
- the water-absorbent resin of the present disclosure preferably has a total absorption capacity term ⁇ of 0.95 or more, more preferably 1.00 to 4.00, and even more preferably 1.05 to 2.00.
- the upper limit may be 4.00, 3.00, 2.00, 1.80, 1.65, or 1.55.
- the water-absorbent resin of the present disclosure preferably has a difference between the physiological saline absorption capacity and the physiological saline retention capacity of 18 or less, more preferably 17 or less, and even more preferably 16 or less. Further, the difference between the physiological saline absorption capacity and the physiological saline retention capacity is preferably 5 or more, more preferably 8 or more, and further preferably 10 or more.
- the difference between the water absorption capacity of the water absorbent resin according to the present disclosure under a load of 2.07 kPa and the water absorption capacity of a saline solution under a load of 4.82 kPa is preferably 17 to 36, and 17 to 36 is preferable. 33 is more preferable, and 17 to 30 is further preferable.
- the water-absorption rate term ⁇ of the water-absorbent resin is represented by the ratio of the dynamic water-absorption rate to the static water-absorption rate, and is calculated by the following equation (3).
- the dynamic water absorption rate was as follows. 50 g of physiological saline solution at a temperature of 25 ° C. was stirred with a magnetic stirrer bar of 8 mm ⁇ ⁇ 30 mm, and a vortex was generated at a rotation speed of 600 r / min to obtain 2.0 g of the water absorbent resin. It can be obtained by adding all at once and measuring the time from the addition of the water absorbent resin to the point when the vortex of the liquid surface converges. More specifically, it is a value measured by the method described in Examples described later.
- the static water absorption rate is as follows: 0.1g of water absorbent resin uniformly sprinkled on a cylinder with an inner diameter of 2.0cm and a nylon mesh of 200mesh It is determined by measuring the amount of physiological saline that has absorbed water and measuring the time (seconds) required for the water-absorbent resin to absorb 25 g of physiological saline per gram. More specifically, it is a value measured by the method described in Examples described later. For the measurement, the measuring device X whose schematic configuration is shown in FIG. 1 can be preferably used.
- the water-absorbent resin of the present disclosure preferably has a water-absorption rate term ⁇ of 1.56 or more, more preferably 1.60 or more, still more preferably 1.65 or more.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3 or less, and may be 2.95, 2.9, 2.85, 2.8, 2.75, or 2.7 or less.
- the water-absorbent resin according to the present disclosure preferably has a median particle size of 200 to 600 ⁇ m, and 250 to 600 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of reducing the feeling of foreign matter when worn when used as sanitary materials such as sanitary products and disposable diapers. It is more preferably 550 ⁇ m, further preferably 300 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the water-absorbent resin obtained may be mixed with additives depending on the purpose.
- additives include inorganic powders, surfactants, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, metal chelating agents, radical chain inhibitors, antioxidants, antibacterial agents, deodorants and the like.
- inorganic powders surfactants, oxidizing agents, reducing agents, metal chelating agents, radical chain inhibitors, antioxidants, antibacterial agents, deodorants and the like.
- amorphous silica as an inorganic powder to 100 parts by mass of the water absorbent resin, the fluidity of the water absorbent resin can be improved.
- Method for producing water-absorbent resin examples include a reverse phase suspension polymerization method, an aqueous solution polymerization method, and the like.
- the reverse phase suspension polymerization method will be described in more detail below as an example of the method for producing the water absorbent resin of the present disclosure.
- the polymerization can be performed by a method known in the field of water absorbent resin preparation or a method conceivable from a known method. Among them, reverse phase suspension polymerization is preferable.
- a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer aqueous solution containing a radical polymerization initiator and optionally a crosslinking agent (internal crosslinking agent) in a hydrocarbon dispersion medium in the presence of a dispersion stabilizer is prepared. Polymerization is carried out by mixing with stirring and heating.
- the polymerization reaction may be carried out in one stage or in multiple stages of two or more stages. In the case of multiple stages, the number of stages is preferably 2 or 3 from the viewpoint of improving productivity.
- a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer aqueous solution is added to the reaction mixture obtained in the first-stage polymerization reaction and mixed.
- the second step polymerization may be carried out in the same manner as in the first step.
- multistage polymerization can also be performed by repeating the same operation. When two or more steps of polymerization are performed, the same polymerization method or different polymerization methods may be used, and the same polymerization method is more preferable. It is more preferable to use reverse phase suspension polymerization in any polymerization.
- a radical polymerization initiator in addition to the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a radical polymerization initiator, an internal cross-linking agent, etc. are added in the polymerization in the second and subsequent stages.
- Polymerization can be carried out by adding within the range of the molar ratio of each component to the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer described below, based on the amount of the ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
- water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer examples include (meth) acrylic acid (in the present specification, “acry” and “methacryl” are collectively referred to as “(meth) acry”.
- water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- (meth) acrylic acid and salts thereof, (meth) acrylamide and N, N-dimethylacrylamide are preferable, and (meth) acrylic acid and salts thereof are more preferable, because they are industrially easily available.
- acrylic acid and its salts are widely used as raw materials for water-absorbent resins, and these acrylic acid and its salts are copolymerized with the other water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomers described above. It can also be used.
- acrylic acid and its salt are preferably used as the main water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in an amount of 70 to 100 mol% based on the total water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer.
- the above water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer may be used as an aqueous solution in order to improve the dispersibility in a hydrocarbon dispersion medium during reverse phase suspension polymerization.
- the concentration of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in such an aqueous solution may be usually 20% by mass to a saturated concentration or less, but the water absorption performance of the resulting water-absorbent resin can be ensured while ensuring the productivity.
- the concentration of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer is preferably 20 to 50% by mass, more preferably 22 to 45% by mass, and further preferably 24 to 36% by mass.
- the acid group may be preliminarily alkaline if necessary. You may use what was neutralized with the solvating agent.
- alkaline neutralizing agent include alkali metal salts such as sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, potassium hydroxide and potassium carbonate; ammonia and the like.
- these alkaline neutralizing agents may be used in the form of an aqueous solution in order to simplify the neutralizing operation.
- the above alkaline neutralizing agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the degree of neutralization of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer by the alkaline neutralizing agent the water absorbing performance is enhanced by increasing the osmotic pressure of the resulting water absorbent resin, and the presence of excess alkaline neutralizing agent results.
- the degree of neutralization with respect to all acid groups of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer is preferably 40 to 90 mol%, more preferably 70 to 88 mol%.
- 75 to 85 mol% is more preferable, and 77 to 80 mol% is even more preferable.
- hydrocarbon dispersion medium examples include n-hexane, n-heptane, 2-methylhexane, 3-methylhexane, 2,3-dimethylpentane, 3-ethylpentane, n-octane and the like having 6 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Aliphatic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, methylcyclohexane, cyclopentane, methylcyclopentane, trans-1,2-dimethylcyclopentane, cis-1,3-dimethylcyclopentane, trans-1,3-dimethylcyclopentane
- aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene and the like can be mentioned.
- n-hexane, n-heptane and cyclohexane are preferably used because they are industrially easily available, have stable quality, and are inexpensive.
- commercially available exol heptane manufactured by Exxon Mobil Corp .: heptane and its isomer hydrocarbon 75 to 85 mass% contained
- Goods can also be used.
- the amount of the hydrocarbon dispersion medium used is usually the first-stage water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in order to uniformly disperse the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer aqueous solution and facilitate control of the polymerization temperature. 80 to 1500 parts by mass is preferable, and 120 to 1200 parts by mass is more preferable, relative to 100 parts by mass of the body.
- a surfactant can be used as the dispersion stabilizer, and examples thereof include sucrose fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene sorbitan fatty acid ester, polyoxyethylene glycerin fatty acid ester, sorbitol fatty acid ester, and polyoxy.
- Ethylene sorbitol fatty acid ester polyoxyethylene alkyl ether, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether, polyoxyethylene castor oil, polyoxyethylene hydrogenated castor oil, alkylallyl formaldehyde condensed polyoxyethylene ether, polyoxyethylene polyoxypropylene block copolymer, poly Oxyethylene polyoxypropyl alkyl ether, polyethylene glycol fatty acid ester, alkyl glucoside N- alkyl gluconamide, polyoxyethylene fatty acid amides, it can be used polyoxyethylene alkyl amines.
- sorbitan fatty acid ester polyglycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester and the like are preferable from the viewpoint of dispersion stability of the monomer aqueous solution.
- surfactants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of the surfactant used is a water-soluble ethylenic unsaturated used for the polymerization, from the viewpoint of maintaining a good dispersion state of the aqueous monomer solution in the hydrocarbon dispersion medium and obtaining a dispersion effect commensurate with the amount used.
- the amount is preferably 0.05 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the monomer.
- a polymer-based dispersant may be used together with the surfactant.
- Polymeric dispersants that can be used include maleic anhydride-modified polyethylene, maleic anhydride-modified polypropylene, maleic anhydride-modified ethylene / propylene copolymer, maleic anhydride-modified EPDM (ethylene / propylene / diene / terpolymer), and anhydrous.
- the amount of the polymeric dispersant used is such that the water-soluble ethylenic agent used for the polymerization is used in order to keep the dispersion state of the monomer aqueous solution in the hydrocarbon dispersion medium good and to obtain a dispersion effect commensurate with the amount used.
- the amount is preferably 0.05 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the unsaturated monomer.
- the surfactant used as the dispersion stabilizer may be added before or after the polymerization reaction is started, either before or after the addition of the aqueous monomer solution.
- the addition timing of the polymeric dispersant used in combination with the surfactant as a dispersion stabilizer may be before or after the addition of the aqueous monomer solution, but the dispersion stability and water absorption of the aqueous monomer solution may be added.
- the aqueous monomer solution is dispersed. That is, it is more preferable to disperse the aqueous monomer solution in the hydrocarbon dispersion medium in which the polymer dispersant is dispersed, and then further disperse the surfactant before the polymerization.
- radical polymerization initiator examples include persulfates such as potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, and sodium persulfate; methyl ethyl ketone peroxide, methyl isobutyl ketone peroxide, di-t-butyl peroxide, t-butyl cumyl peroxide.
- radical polymerization initiators potassium persulfate, ammonium persulfate, sodium persulfate and 2,2′-azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride are preferable from the viewpoints of easy availability and easy handling.
- These radical polymerization initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the radical polymerization initiator is usually used in an amount of 0.001 with respect to 100 mol of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer used for the polymerization. 005 to 1 mol is preferred, 0.01 to 0.5 mol is more preferred, 0.0125 to 0.1 mol is more preferred, and 0.015 to 0.05 mol is even more preferred.
- reaction temperature of the polymerization reaction varies depending on the radical polymerization initiator used, it is usually preferably 20 to 110 ° C. from the viewpoint of rapidly advancing the polymerization to enhance the productivity and more smoothly removing the heat of polymerization. More preferably, the temperature is up to 90 ° C.
- the reaction time is usually preferably about 0.1 to 4 hours.
- Internal cross-linking agent When polymerizing the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer, a cross-linking agent may be used if necessary. When the polymerization is carried out in multiple stages, a crosslinking agent may or may not be used in all stages. In the case of multiple stages, the type of crosslinking agent used in each stage may be the same or different, and the same type is preferable.
- Such a cross-linking agent hereinafter referred to as “internal cross-linking agent” means, for example, (poly) ethylene glycol [“(poly)” means with or without the prefix “poly”].
- diols such as (poly) propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, trimethylolpropane, (poly) glycerin, and polyols such as triol, and unsaturated compounds such as (meth) acrylic acid, maleic acid, and fumaric acid.
- Unsaturated polyesters obtained by reacting with an acid Bisacrylamides such as N, N-methylenebisacrylamide; Di or tri (meth) acrylic acid esters obtained by reacting a polyepoxide with (meth) acrylic acid
- a polyglycidyl compound is preferable, a diglycidyl ether compound is more preferable, and a (poly) ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether is particularly preferable.
- These internal cross-linking agents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the internal cross-linking agent is preferably used by adding it to the above-mentioned aqueous monomer solution.
- the amount used is 0.00001 to 1 mol with respect to 100 mol of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer in order to sufficiently enhance the water absorption performance of the resulting water-absorbent resin. It is preferable that the amount be 0.0001 to 0.5 mol.
- a thickener When carrying out the polymerization reaction, a thickener may be added to the aqueous solution of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer. By adjusting the viscosity of the aqueous solution by adding a thickener in this way, it is possible to control the median particle size of the resulting water-absorbent resin.
- thickener examples include hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylic acid (partial) neutralized product, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylamide, polyethyleneimine, dextrin, sodium alginate, polyvinyl alcohol. , Polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene oxide and the like can be used. If the stirring speed during polymerization is the same, the higher the viscosity of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer aqueous solution, the larger the median particle size of the obtained particles.
- Post-crosslinking process After the polymerization step, a post-crosslinking reaction is performed on a hydrogel (a water absorbent resin obtained by polymerization and containing water) to increase the crosslink density in the vicinity of the surface of the water absorbent resin. It is possible to improve various performances such as water absorption capacity under load. In the production of the water absorbent resin of the present disclosure, post-crosslinking may be performed with a post-crosslinking agent.
- the post-crosslinking agent may be one that can react with the carboxyl group of the water absorbent resin.
- Typical examples of the post-crosslinking agent include polyols such as (poly) ethylene glycol, (poly) propylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, trimethylolpropane and (poly) glycerin; (poly) ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, Diglycidyl ether compounds such as (poly) propylene glycol diglycidyl ether and (poly) glycerin diglycidyl ether; epihalohydrin compounds such as epichlorohydrin, epibromhydrin, ⁇ -methylepichlorohydrin; 2,4-tolylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate Examples thereof include compounds having two or more reactive functional groups such as isocyanate compounds. Of these, (poly) ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether is preferable. These may be used
- the amount of the post-crosslinking agent cannot be unconditionally determined because it depends on the type of the post-crosslinking agent, but when the amount of the post-crosslinking agent used is small, the crosslink density of the surface layer of the water absorbent resin becomes insufficient. The water absorption capacity under load tends to decrease, while on the other hand, when the amount of the post-crosslinking agent used is large, the water retention capacity of the water absorbent resin tends to decrease. Therefore, the amount of the post-crosslinking agent used is usually 0.00001 to 0.01 mol, preferably 0.00005 to 0 mol, based on 1 mol of the total amount of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer used for the polymerization. The amount may be 0.005 mol, and more preferably 0.0001 to 0.002 mol.
- the post-crosslinking agent is preferably added to a system in which 1 to 400 parts by weight of water is present per 100 parts by weight of the total amount of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and 5 to 200 parts by weight of water is added. Is more preferably added to the system in which 10 to 100 parts by weight of water are present.
- the amount of water means the total amount of the water contained in the reaction system and the water used as necessary when adding the post-crosslinking agent.
- the reaction temperature in the post-crosslinking reaction is preferably 50 to 250 ° C, more preferably 60 to 180 ° C.
- the reaction time of the post-crosslinking cannot be unconditionally determined because it depends on the reaction temperature, the type and amount of the post-crosslinking agent, etc., but it is usually 1 to 300 minutes, preferably 5 to 200 minutes.
- a drying step of removing water, a hydrocarbon dispersion medium, and the like by distillation by externally applying energy such as heat to the hydrous gel-like material may be included.
- the drying process may be performed under normal pressure or under reduced pressure. Further, from the viewpoint of enhancing the drying efficiency, the drying may be performed under a stream of nitrogen or the like.
- the drying temperature is preferably 70 to 250 ° C, more preferably 80 to 180 ° C.
- the drying temperature is preferably 40 to 160 ° C, more preferably 50 to 110 ° C.
- One particularly preferable embodiment of the water-absorbent resin of the present disclosure is a water-absorbent resin produced through a polymerization reaction of a water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer, and the water-absorbent resin according to the following (3) to (3)
- a water-absorbent resin satisfying at least two of the conditions can be mentioned.
- a water-absorbent resin that satisfies all three conditions is more preferable.
- the molar ratio of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer used in the first stage polymerization to the internal cross-linking agent is 10 ⁇ 10 3 to 15 ⁇ . It is 10 3 .
- the molar ratio of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer used in the second stage polymerization to the internal crosslinking agent is 15 ⁇ 10 3 to 25 ⁇ . It is 10 3 .
- a water-absorbent resin By preparing a water-absorbent resin so as to satisfy at least two or three of these conditions, a water-absorbent resin exhibiting the above-mentioned preferable overall absorption capacity term ⁇ and water-absorption rate term ⁇ , and thus a preferable dry-up index, is prepared. It may be possible. In other words, the water absorbent resin of the present disclosure can be preferably prepared using these conditions (i) to (iii) as an index.
- the molar ratio of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer used in the first-stage polymerization and the internal crosslinking agent is more preferably Is 10 ⁇ 10 3 to 14 ⁇ 10 3 , more preferably 10 ⁇ 10 3 to 13 ⁇ 10 3 , and even more preferably 11 ⁇ 10 3 to 12 ⁇ 10 3 .
- the molar ratio of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer used in the second-stage polymerization to the internal crosslinking agent is more preferably Is 17.5 ⁇ 10 3 to 24 ⁇ 10 3 , more preferably 20 ⁇ 10 3 to 23 ⁇ 10 3 , and even more preferably 21 ⁇ 10 3 to 22 ⁇ 10 3 .
- the molar ratio of the total amount of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer used in the polymerization for preparing the resin used for the post-crosslinking reaction and the post-crosslinking agent is more preferably 3 ⁇ 10 3 to 4 ⁇ 10 3 , and further preferably 3 ⁇ 10 3 to 3.5 ⁇ 10 3 .
- the present disclosure also preferably includes a method for producing a water absorbent resin so as to satisfy these conditions.
- Absorbent body, absorbent article constitutes an absorbent body together with hydrophilic fibers, for example.
- Such an absorber is suitably used for absorbent articles used for sanitary products, sanitary materials such as disposable diapers.
- the absorber is composed of, for example, a water absorbent resin and hydrophilic fibers.
- a mixed dispersion obtained by mixing the water-absorbent resin and the hydrophilic fiber so as to have a uniform composition a sandwich in which the water-absorbent resin is sandwiched between the layered hydrophilic fibers
- the absorbent body may be blended with other components, for example, an adhesive binder such as a heat-fusible synthetic fiber for enhancing the shape retention of the absorbent body, a hot melt adhesive, or an adhesive emulsion. ..
- the content of the water absorbent resin of the present disclosure in the absorber is preferably 5 to 50% by mass, more preferably 10 to 45% by mass, and 15 to 40% by mass based on the total mass of the absorbent. % Is more preferable.
- hydrophilic fibers cotton-like pulp obtained from wood, cellulose fibers such as mechanical pulp, chemical pulp, and semi-chemical pulp, artificial cellulose fibers such as rayon and acetate, synthetic polyamide such as hydrophilized polyamide, polyester, and polyolefin. Fibers made of resin can be used.
- An absorbent article is obtained by holding the absorber between a liquid-permeable sheet (top sheet) through which liquid can pass and a liquid-impermeable sheet (back sheet) through which liquid cannot pass.
- the liquid-permeable sheet is disposed on the side that contacts the body, and the liquid-impermeable sheet is disposed on the opposite side that contacts the body.
- the liquid permeable sheet includes air-through type, spun bond type, chemical bond type, needle punch type non-woven fabrics made of fibers such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polyester, and porous synthetic resin sheets.
- Examples of the liquid impermeable sheet include a synthetic resin film made of a resin such as polyethylene, polypropylene and polyvinyl chloride.
- the cotton bag was dehydrated for 1 minute using (product of Japan Centrifuge Co., Ltd., product number: H-122), and the mass Wc (g) of the cotton bag containing the swollen gel after dehydration was measured. The same operation was performed without adding the water absorbent resin, the empty mass Wd (g) of the cotton bag when wet was measured, and the water retention capacity of the physiological saline was determined by the following formula.
- the measuring device X shown in FIG. 1 includes a buret unit 1, a conduit 2, a measuring table 3, and a measuring unit 4 placed on the measuring table 3.
- a rubber stopper 14 is connected to the upper part of the buret 10
- an air introducing pipe 11 and a cock 12 are connected to the lower part thereof
- a cock 13 is provided on the upper part of the air introducing pipe 11.
- a conduit 2 is attached from the burette portion 1 to the measuring table 3, and the diameter of the conduit 2 is 6 mm.
- a hole having a diameter of 2 mm is formed in the central portion of the measuring table 3 to which the conduit 2 is connected.
- the measuring unit 4 includes a cylinder 40, a nylon mesh 41 attached to the bottom of the cylinder 40, and a weight 42.
- the inner diameter of the cylinder 40 is 2.0 cm.
- the nylon mesh 41 is formed to have 200 mesh (opening 75 ⁇ m). Then, a predetermined amount of the water absorbing resin 5 is evenly spread on the nylon mesh 41.
- the weight 42 has a diameter of 1.9 cm and a mass of 59.8 g. The weight 42 is placed on the water absorbent resin 5, and a load of 2.07 kPa can be uniformly applied to the water absorbent resin 5.
- the cock 12 and the cock 13 of the buret part 1 are closed, and a 0.9 mass% sodium chloride aqueous solution (physiological saline solution) adjusted to 25 ° C. is put into the buret 10 from the upper part thereof, and the rubber is After plugging the upper part of the buret with the plug 14, the cock 12 and the cock 13 of the buret part 1 are opened.
- the height of the measuring table 3 is adjusted so that the tip of the conduit 2 at the center of the measuring table 3 and the air introduction port of the air introducing pipe 11 have the same height.
- the water absorbent resin 5 is evenly spread over the nylon mesh 41 of the cylinder 40, and the weight 42 is placed on the water absorbent resin 5.
- the measuring unit 4 is placed so that its central portion coincides with the conduit port at the central portion of the measuring table 3.
- the physiological saline absorption capacity under load of the water-absorbent resin 5 after 60 minutes from the start of water absorption was determined by the following formula using the specific gravity of physiological saline of 1.0 (g / mL).
- the measuring device Y shown in FIG. 2 is mainly composed of a weight 90, a support cylinder 91, a measuring unit including a piston 92, and a liquid supply unit mainly including a petri dish 6 and a glass filter 7.
- a 400-mesh (mesh opening 38 ⁇ m) stainless steel wire mesh 93 is adhered to one side (bottom surface) of a cylindrical plastic support cylinder 91 having an inner diameter of 60 mm, and the diameter inside the cylinder is slightly smaller than 60 mm.
- the piston 92 and the weight 90 are provided above the piston 92 that does not cause a gap between the wall surface of the support cylinder 91 and the vertical movement of the piston 92, and the weight of the piston 92 and the weight 90 is 4.82 kPa relative to the water absorbent resin 5.
- the load can be applied uniformly. Using such a measuring unit, 0.90 g of the water-absorbent resin 5 is uniformly sprayed on the wire net of the support cylinder 91, and then the piston 92 and the weight 90 are placed, and the mass Wf (g) of the measuring unit is set. It was measured.
- the mass Wf (g) is the sum of the masses of the support cylinder 91, the water absorbent resin 5, the piston 92, and the weight 90.
- a glass filter 7 having a diameter of 90 mm and a thickness of 5 mm was placed inside a Petri dish 6 having a diameter of 150 mm, and a 0.9 mass% sodium chloride aqueous solution (physiological saline) adjusted to 25 ⁇ 1 ° C. ) Is added to the Petri dish 6 so as to be at the same height as the upper surface of the glass filter 7, and then a piece of filter paper 8 (made by ADVANTEC, No. 2) having a diameter of 9 cm is placed on the upper portion of the glass filter 7. A liquid supply part was prepared. It was confirmed that the entire surface of the filter paper 8 was wet, and if there was excess liquid, it was blotted appropriately with a tissue.
- the measurement unit was placed on the liquid supply unit to allow the water absorbent resin 5 to absorb physiological saline under a load of 4.82 kPa.
- physiological saline was appropriately added to keep the liquid surface level constant. 60 minutes after the measurement part was placed on the liquid supply part, the measurement part was removed from the liquid supply part, and the mass Wg (g) was measured.
- the physiological saline absorption capacity (g / g) under a load of 4.82 kPa was calculated by the following formula.
- Dynamic Water Absorption Rate The measurement of the dynamic water absorption rate was performed in a room controlled at 25 ° C ⁇ 1 ° C. 50 ⁇ 0.1 g of physiological saline weighed in a 100 mL beaker was adjusted to a temperature of 25 ⁇ 0.2 ° C. in a constant temperature water bath, and then stirred with a magnetic stirrer bar (8 mm ⁇ ⁇ 30 mm ring was not used). Then, a vortex was generated at a rotation speed of 600 r / min.
- the dynamic water absorption rate (1 / min) was calculated as follows.
- Dynamic water absorption rate (1 / min) (Amount of physiological saline / Amount of water absorbent resin) / (Dynamic water absorption time (min))
- the amount of physiological saline in the burette 10 is continuously reduced from the time when the water-absorbent resin 5 under no load starts to absorb water (the amount of physiological saline absorbed by the water-absorbent resin 5) Wi (mL) was read, and the amount of physiological saline absorbed by the water absorbent resin 5 by a specific time was calculated by the following formula.
- the specific gravity of physiological saline was 1.0 g / mL.
- Amount of physiological saline absorbed by the water absorbent resin 5 Wi (mL) ⁇ 1.0 (g / mL) / mass of the water absorbent resin (g)
- the time (second) required for the water-absorbent resin 5 to absorb 25 g of physiological saline solution per 1 g The time elapsed from the time when the water-soluble resin 5 started to absorb water was measured by a stopwatch and converted into minutes, which was defined as the static water absorption time (minutes).
- the static water absorption rate (1 / min) was calculated by the following formula.
- Static water absorption rate (1 / min) 25 (g / g) ⁇ static water absorption time (min)
- a polyethylene air-through type porous liquid permeable sheet having the same size as the absorbent body and a basis weight of 22 g / m 2 is arranged on the upper surface of the absorbent body, and a polyethylene liquid impermeable sheet of the same size and the same basis weight is provided.
- the absorbent article for study was prepared by disposing the sheet on the lower surface of the absorbent body and sandwiching the absorbent body.
- Example 1 As a reflux condenser, a dropping funnel, a nitrogen gas introducing pipe, and a stirrer, a round bottom cylindrical separable flask having an inner diameter of 110 mm and a volume of 2 L equipped with a stirrer having two inclined paddle blades with a blade diameter of 50 mm in two stages was used. Got ready. To this flask, 300 g of n-heptane as a hydrocarbon dispersion medium was added, and 0.62 g of a maleic anhydride-modified ethylene / propylene copolymer (Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Hiwax 1105A) was added as a polymer dispersant and stirred. After heating and dissolving, the mixture was cooled to 50 ° C.
- n-heptane as a hydrocarbon dispersion medium
- 0.62 g of a maleic anhydride-modified ethylene / propylene copolymer Mitsubishi Chemicals, Inc., Hiwax 1105
- a monomer aqueous solution having a monomer concentration of 30% by mass.
- the monomer concentration is the mass ratio of the water-soluble ethylenically unsaturated monomer and its salt to the total amount of the aqueous monomer solution, and will be referred to hereinafter in the same manner in the present specification.
- the monomer aqueous solution prepared as described above was added to a separable flask and stirred for 10 minutes, and then sucrose stearate ester of HLB3 as a surfactant (5.62 g of n-heptane (Mitsubishi Chemical Foods Co., Ltd., After further adding 6.2 g of a surfactant solution prepared by heating and dissolving 0.62 g of lyoto sugar ester S-370) and thoroughly replacing the inside of the system with nitrogen while stirring, the flask was immersed in a water bath at 70 ° C. Then, the temperature was raised and the polymerization was carried out for 60 minutes to obtain a first stage polymerization slurry liquid.
- the temperature of the reaction solution was raised in an oil bath at 125 ° C., and 155.3 g of water was extracted from the system while refluxing n-heptane by azeotropic distillation of n-heptane and water. Then, 3.90 g (0.45 mmol) of a 2% by mass aqueous solution of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether was added as a post-crosslinking agent, and the mixture was kept at 80 ° C. for 2 hours. Then, n-heptane was evaporated to dryness to obtain a dried product.
- amorphous silica (Evonik Degussa Japan Ltd., Carplex # 80) was mixed with this dried product, and the mixture was passed through a sieve with an opening of 1000 ⁇ m to give a spherical medium particle size. 82.1 g of 350 ⁇ m water absorbent resin was obtained. The water absorbent resin and the absorber using the water absorbent resin were evaluated according to the various test methods described above.
- Example 2 As a reflux condenser, a dropping funnel, a nitrogen gas introducing pipe, and a stirrer, a round bottom cylindrical separable flask having an inner diameter of 110 mm and a volume of 2 L equipped with a stirrer having two inclined paddle blades with a blade diameter of 50 mm in two stages was used. Got ready. To this flask, 300 g of n-heptane as a hydrocarbon dispersion medium was added, and 0.52 g of a maleic anhydride-modified ethylene / propylene copolymer (Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Hiwax 1105A) was added as a polymer dispersant and stirred. After heating and dissolving, the mixture was cooled to 50 ° C.
- n-heptane as a hydrocarbon dispersion medium
- 0.52 g of a maleic anhydride-modified ethylene / propylene copolymer Mitsubishi Chemicals, Inc., Hiwax 1105
- aqueous monomer solution prepared as described above was added to a separable flask and stirred for 10 minutes, and then 4.68 g of n-heptane was added to sucrose stearate ester of HLB3 as a surfactant (Mitsubishi Chemical Foods Co., Ltd., After further adding 5.2 g of a surfactant solution prepared by heating and dissolving 0.52 g of Ryoto Sugar Ester S-370) and thoroughly replacing the inside of the system with nitrogen while stirring, the flask was immersed in a water bath at 70 ° C. Then, the temperature was raised and the polymerization was carried out for 60 minutes to obtain a first stage polymerization slurry liquid.
- the entire amount of the second-stage monomer aqueous solution was added to the first-stage polymerization slurry liquid, and the system was sufficiently replaced with nitrogen, and then, again, The flask was immersed in a 70 ° C. water bath to raise the temperature, and the second stage polymerization was carried out for 30 minutes.
- the temperature of the reaction solution was raised in an oil bath at 125 ° C., and 259.3 g of water was extracted from the system while refluxing n-heptane by azeotropic distillation of n-heptane and water. Then, 4.78 g (0.55 mmol) of a 2 mass% aqueous solution of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether was added as a post-crosslinking agent, and the mixture was kept at 80 ° C. for 2 hours. Then, n-heptane was evaporated to dryness to obtain a dried product.
- amorphous silica (Evonik Degussa Japan Ltd., Carplex # 80) was mixed with this dried product, and the mixture was passed through a sieve with an opening of 1000 ⁇ m to aggregate spherical particles. 173.3 g of a water absorbent resin having a medium particle size of 332 ⁇ m was obtained. The water absorbent resin and the absorber using the water absorbent resin were evaluated according to the various test methods described above.
- Example 3 As a reflux condenser, a dropping funnel, a nitrogen gas introducing pipe, and a stirrer, a round bottom cylindrical separable flask having an inner diameter of 110 mm and a volume of 2 L equipped with a stirrer having two inclined paddle blades with a blade diameter of 50 mm in two stages was used. Got ready. To this flask, 300 g of n-heptane as a hydrocarbon dispersion medium was added, and 0.62 g of a maleic anhydride-modified ethylene / propylene copolymer (Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Hiwax 1105A) was added as a polymer dispersant and stirred. After heating and dissolving, the mixture was cooled to 50 ° C.
- n-heptane as a hydrocarbon dispersion medium
- 0.62 g of a maleic anhydride-modified ethylene / propylene copolymer Mitsubishi Chemicals, Inc., Hiwax 1105
- the monomer aqueous solution prepared as described above was added to a separable flask and stirred for 10 minutes, and then sucrose stearate ester of HLB3 as a surfactant (5.62 g of n-heptane (Mitsubishi Chemical Foods Co., Ltd., After further adding 6.2 g of a surfactant solution prepared by heating and dissolving 0.62 g of lyoto sugar ester S-370) and thoroughly replacing the inside of the system with nitrogen while stirring, the flask was immersed in a water bath at 70 ° C. Then, the temperature was raised and the polymerization was carried out for 60 minutes to obtain a first stage polymerization slurry liquid.
- the temperature of the reaction solution was raised in an oil bath at 125 ° C., and 263.8 g of water was taken out of the system while refluxing n-heptane by azeotropic distillation of n-heptane and water. Then, 5.66 g (0.65 mmol) of a 2 mass% aqueous solution of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether was added as a post-crosslinking agent, and the mixture was kept at 80 ° C. for 2 hours. Then, n-heptane was evaporated to dryness to obtain a dried product.
- amorphous silica (Evonik Degussa Japan Ltd., Carplex # 80) was mixed with this dried product, and the mixture was passed through a sieve with an opening of 1000 ⁇ m to aggregate spherical particles. 205.5 g of a water absorbent resin having a medium particle diameter of 350 ⁇ m was obtained. The water absorbent resin and the absorber using the water absorbent resin were evaluated according to the various test methods described above.
- Example 4 As a reflux condenser, a dropping funnel, a nitrogen gas introducing pipe, and a stirrer, a round bottom cylindrical separable flask having an inner diameter of 110 mm and a volume of 2 L equipped with a stirrer having two inclined paddle blades with a blade diameter of 50 mm in two stages was used. Got ready. To this flask, 300 g of n-heptane as a hydrocarbon dispersion medium was added, and 0.74 g of a maleic anhydride-modified ethylene / propylene copolymer (Mitsui Chemicals, Inc., Hiwax 1105A) was added as a polymer dispersant and stirred. After heating and dissolving, the mixture was cooled to 50 ° C.
- aqueous monomer solution prepared as described above was added to a separable flask and stirred for 10 minutes, and then 6.62 g of n-heptane was added to sucrose stearate ester of HLB3 as a surfactant (Mitsubishi Chemical Foods Co., Ltd., After further adding 7.3 g of a surfactant solution prepared by heating and dissolving 0.74 g of lyoto sugar ester S-370) and thoroughly replacing the inside of the system with nitrogen while stirring, the flask was immersed in a water bath at 70 ° C. Then, the temperature was raised and the polymerization was carried out for 60 minutes to obtain a first stage polymerization slurry liquid.
- the entire amount of the second-stage monomer aqueous solution was added to the first-stage polymerization slurry liquid, and the system was sufficiently replaced with nitrogen, and then, again, The flask was immersed in a 70 ° C. water bath to raise the temperature, and the second stage polymerization was carried out for 30 minutes.
- the temperature of the reaction solution was raised in an oil bath at 125 ° C., and azeotropic distillation of n-heptane and water was carried out, and 283.6 g of water was extracted from the system while refluxing the n-heptane. Then, 6.62 g (0.76 mmol) of a 2 mass% aqueous solution of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether was added as a post-crosslinking agent, and the mixture was kept at 80 ° C. for 2 hours. Then, n-heptane was evaporated to dryness to obtain a dried product.
- amorphous silica (Evonik Degussa Japan Ltd., Carplex # 80) was mixed with this dried product, and the mixture was passed through a sieve with an opening of 1000 ⁇ m to aggregate spherical particles. 230.7 g of a water absorbent resin having a medium particle diameter of 361 ⁇ m was obtained. The water absorbent resin and the absorber using the water absorbent resin were evaluated according to the various test methods described above.
- aqueous monomer solution prepared as described above was added to a separable flask and stirred for 10 minutes, and then 6.62 g of n-heptane was added to sucrose stearate ester of HLB3 as a surfactant (Mitsubishi Chemical Foods Co., Ltd., After further adding 7.4 g of a surfactant solution obtained by heating and dissolving 0.74 g of lyoto sugar ester S-370) and thoroughly replacing the inside of the system with nitrogen while stirring, the flask was immersed in a water bath at 70 ° C. Then, the temperature was raised and the polymerization was carried out for 60 minutes to obtain a first stage polymerization slurry liquid.
- the whole amount of the second-stage monomer aqueous solution was added to the first-stage polymerization slurry liquid, and the system was sufficiently replaced with nitrogen.
- the flask was again immersed in a 70 ° C. water bath to raise the temperature, and the second stage polymerization was carried out for 30 minutes.
- the temperature of the reaction solution was raised in an oil bath at 125 ° C., and 266.2 g of water was extracted from the system while azeotropically distilling n-heptane and water while refluxing the n-heptane. Then, 4.42 g (0.51 mmol) of a 2 mass% aqueous solution of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether was added as a post-crosslinking agent, and the mixture was kept at 80 ° C. for 2 hours. Then, n-heptane was evaporated to dryness to obtain a dried product.
- amorphous silica (Evonik Degussa Japan Ltd., Carplex # 80) was mixed with this dried product, and the mixture was passed through a sieve with an opening of 1000 ⁇ m to form spherical particles in an aggregated form. 229.7 g of a water absorbent resin having a medium particle diameter of 345 ⁇ m was obtained.
- the water absorbent resin and the absorber using the water absorbent resin were evaluated according to the various test methods described above.
- aqueous monomer solution prepared as described above was added to a separable flask and stirred for 10 minutes, and then 6.66 g of n-heptane was added to sucrose stearate ester of HLB3 as a surfactant (Mitsubishi Chemical Foods Co., Ltd., After further adding 7.4 g of a surfactant solution obtained by heating and dissolving 0.74 g of lyoto sugar ester S-370) and thoroughly replacing the inside of the system with nitrogen while stirring, the flask was immersed in a water bath at 70 ° C. Then, the temperature was raised and the polymerization was carried out for 60 minutes to obtain a first stage polymerization slurry liquid.
- the whole amount of the second-stage monomer aqueous solution was added to the first-stage polymerization slurry liquid, and the system was sufficiently replaced with nitrogen.
- the flask was again immersed in a 70 ° C. water bath to raise the temperature, and the second stage polymerization was carried out for 30 minutes.
- the temperature of the reaction solution was raised in an oil bath at 125 ° C., and 261.8 g of water was taken out of the system while refluxing n-heptane by azeotropic distillation of n-heptane and water. Then, 4.42 g (0.51 mmol) of a 2 mass% aqueous solution of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether was added as a post-crosslinking agent, and the mixture was kept at 80 ° C. for 2 hours. Then, n-heptane was evaporated to dryness to obtain a dried product.
- amorphous silica (Evonik Degussa Japan Ltd., Carplex # 80) was mixed with this dried product, and the mixture was passed through a sieve with an opening of 1000 ⁇ m to form spherical particles in an aggregated form. 234.2 g of a water absorbent resin having a medium particle diameter of 380 ⁇ m was obtained. The water absorbent resin and the absorber using the water absorbent resin were evaluated according to the various test methods described above.
- the monomer aqueous solution prepared as described above was added to a separable flask and stirred for 10 minutes, and then 6.66 g of n-heptane was added to sucrose stearate ester of HLB3 as a surfactant (Mitsubishi Chemical Foods Co., Ltd., After further adding 7.4 g of a surfactant solution obtained by heating and dissolving 0.74 g of lyoto sugar ester S-370) and thoroughly replacing the inside of the system with nitrogen while stirring, the flask was immersed in a water bath at 70 ° C. Then, the temperature was raised and the polymerization was carried out for 60 minutes to obtain a first stage polymerization slurry liquid.
- a surfactant solution obtained by heating and dissolving 0.74 g of lyoto sugar ester S-370
- the whole amount of the second-stage monomer aqueous solution was added to the first-stage polymerization slurry liquid, and the system was sufficiently replaced with nitrogen.
- the flask was again immersed in a 70 ° C. water bath to raise the temperature, and the second stage polymerization was carried out for 30 minutes.
- the temperature of the reaction solution was raised in an oil bath at 125 ° C., and 259.7 g of water was taken out of the system while refluxing n-heptane by azeotropic distillation of n-heptane and water. Then, 4.42 g (0.51 mmol) of a 2 mass% aqueous solution of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether was added as a post-crosslinking agent, and the mixture was kept at 80 ° C. for 2 hours. Then, n-heptane was evaporated to dryness to obtain a dried product.
- amorphous silica (Evonik Degussa Japan Ltd., Carplex # 80) was mixed with this dried product, and the mixture was passed through a sieve with an opening of 1000 ⁇ m to form spherical particles in an aggregated form. 236.0 g of a water absorbent resin having a medium particle size of 356 ⁇ m was obtained. The water absorbent resin and the absorber using the water absorbent resin were evaluated according to the various test methods described above.
- the monomer aqueous solution prepared as described above was added to a separable flask and stirred for 10 minutes, and then 6.66 g of n-heptane was added to sucrose stearate ester of HLB3 as a surfactant (Mitsubishi Chemical Foods Co., Ltd., After further adding 7.4 g of a surfactant solution obtained by heating and dissolving 0.74 g of lyoto sugar ester S-370) and thoroughly replacing the inside of the system with nitrogen while stirring, the flask was immersed in a water bath at 70 ° C. Then, the temperature was raised and the polymerization was carried out for 60 minutes to obtain a first stage polymerization slurry liquid.
- a surfactant solution obtained by heating and dissolving 0.74 g of lyoto sugar ester S-370
- the whole amount of the second-stage monomer aqueous solution was added to the first-stage polymerization slurry liquid, and the system was sufficiently replaced with nitrogen.
- the flask was again immersed in a 70 ° C. water bath to raise the temperature, and the second stage polymerization was carried out for 30 minutes.
- the temperature of the reaction solution was raised in an oil bath at 125 ° C., and 260.8 g of water was extracted from the system while azeotropically distilling n-heptane and water while refluxing the n-heptane. Then, 6.62 g (0.76 mmol) of a 2 mass% aqueous solution of ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether was added as a post-crosslinking agent, and the mixture was kept at 80 ° C. for 2 hours. Then, n-heptane was evaporated to dryness to obtain a dried product.
- amorphous silica (Evonik Degussa Japan Ltd., Carplex # 80) was mixed with this dried product, and the mixture was passed through a sieve with an opening of 1000 ⁇ m to form spherical particles in an aggregated form. 235.1 g of a water absorbent resin having a medium particle diameter of 343 ⁇ m was obtained. The water absorbent resin and the absorber using the water absorbent resin were evaluated according to the various test methods described above.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation test results of the water absorbent resin.
- Table 2 shows the dry-up index of the water-absorbent resin, the overall absorption capacity term ⁇ , the water-absorption rate term ⁇ , and the evaluation result (reverse amount) of the absorbent body using the water-absorbent resin.
- the total absorption capacity term ⁇ and the water absorption rate term ⁇ are obtained by the following equations (2) and (3).
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Abstract
Description
項A.
以下の条件(i)、(ii)、及び(iii)の少なくとも2つの条件を満たす重合方法により調製され、水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体の重合体架橋物である吸水性樹脂。
(i)1段目の重合に用いる水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体と内部架橋剤とのモル比(水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体/内部架橋剤)が10×103~15×103である。
(ii)2段目の重合に用いる水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体と内部架橋剤とのモル比(水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体/内部架橋剤)が15×103~25×103である。
(iii)後架橋反応に用いる樹脂を調製した重合で用いた水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体の合計量と後架橋剤とのモル比(水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体/後架橋剤)が2.5×103~4.5×103である。
項B.
以下の条件(i)、(ii)、及び(iii)の少なくとも2つの条件を満たす重合方法により調製される、項1~5のいずれかに記載の吸水性樹脂。
(i)1段目の重合に用いる水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体と内部架橋剤とのモル比(水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体/内部架橋剤)が10×103~15×103である。
(ii)2段目の重合に用いる水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体と内部架橋剤とのモル比(水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体/内部架橋剤)が15×103~25×103である。
(iii)後架橋反応に用いる樹脂を調製した重合で用いた水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体の合計量と後架橋剤とのモル比(水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体/後架橋剤)が2.5×103~4.5×103である。
項C.
水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体が、(メタ)アクリル酸である、項A又はBに記載の吸水性樹脂。
項D.
少なくとも(i)及び(ii)のいずれかを満たし、内部架橋剤が、(ポリ)エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、(ポリ)プロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、及び(ポリ)グリセリンジグリシジルエーテルからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、項A~Cのいずれかに記載の吸水性樹脂。
項E.
少なくとも(iii)を満たし、後架橋剤が、(ポリ)エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、(ポリ)プロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、及び(ポリ)グリセリンジグリシジルエーテルからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種である、項A~Cのいずれかに記載の吸水性樹脂。
項F.
条件(i)、(ii)、及び(iii)の少なくとも2つの条件を満たす重合方法が、逆相懸濁重合(好ましくは1段または2段の逆相懸濁重合、より好ましくは2段の逆相懸濁重合)である、項A~Eのいずれかに記載の吸水性樹脂。
項G.
前記重合方法が、条件(i)、(ii)、及び(iii)の全ての条件を満たす重合方法である、項A~Fのいずれかに記載の吸水性樹脂。
本開示に包含される吸水性樹脂は、水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体の重合体により構成される吸水性樹脂であって、以下式(1)に示す、総括吸収容量項αと吸水速度項βの積で表されるドライアップ指数が、1.85以上である吸水性樹脂である。当該吸水性樹脂を「本開示の吸水性樹脂」と表記することがある。
本開示の吸水性樹脂を得るための方法としては、例えば、逆相懸濁重合法、水溶液重合法等が挙げられる。以下に、本開示の吸水性樹脂に関して、その製造方法の一例として、逆相懸濁重合法についてより詳しく説明する。
重合は、吸水性樹脂調製分野で公知の方法又は公知の方法から想到できる方法により行うことができる。中でも、逆相懸濁重合が好ましい。逆相懸濁重合法では、分散安定剤の存在下、炭化水素分散媒中、ラジカル重合開始剤および必要に応じて架橋剤(内部架橋剤)を含む水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体水溶液を撹拌混合し、加熱することにより重合が行われる。
水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体としては、例えば、(メタ)アクリル酸(本明細書においては「アクリ」及び「メタクリ」を合わせて「(メタ)アクリ」と表記する。以下同様。)及びその塩;2-(メタ)アクリルアミド-2-メチルプロパンスルホン酸及びその塩;(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N-ジメチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、2-ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリレート、N-メチロール(メタ)アクリルアミド、ポリエチレングリコールモノ(メタ)アクリレート等の非イオン性単量体;N,N-ジエチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、N,N-ジエチルアミノプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、ジエチルアミノプロピル(メタ)アクリルアミド等のアミノ基含有不飽和単量体及びその4級化物等が挙げられる。これらの水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体は単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。中でも、工業的に入手が容易である点から、(メタ)アクリル酸及びその塩、(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N-ジメチルアクリルアミドが好ましく、(メタ)アクリル酸及びその塩がより好ましい。これらの中でも、例えば、アクリル酸及びその塩が吸水性樹脂の原材料として広く用いられており、これらアクリル酸及びその塩に、前述の他の水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体を共重合させて用いることもできる。この場合、アクリル酸及びその塩は、主となる水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体として、総水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体に対して70~100モル%用いられることが好ましい。
炭化水素分散媒としては、例えば、n-ヘキサン、n-ヘプタン、2-メチルヘキサン、3-メチルヘキサン、2,3-ジメチルペンタン、3-エチルペンタン、n-オクタン等の炭素数6~8の脂肪族炭化水素;シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン、シクロペンタン、メチルシクロペンタン、trans-1,2-ジメチルシクロペンタン、cis-1,3-ジメチルシクロペンタン、trans-1,3-ジメチルシクロペンタン等の脂環族炭化水素;ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン等の芳香族炭化水素等が挙げられる。これらの炭化水素分散媒は、単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。これらの炭化水素分散媒の中でも、工業的に入手が容易であり、品質が安定しており、かつ安価である点で、n-ヘキサン、n-ヘプタン及びシクロヘキサンが好適に用いられる。また、上述炭化水素分散媒の混合物の例として、市販されているエクソールヘプタン(エクソンモービル社製:ヘプタン及びその異性体の炭化水素75~85質量%含有)等が挙げられ、このような市販品を用いることもできる。
分散安定剤としては界面活性剤を用いることができ、例えば、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレングリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ソルビトール脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンソルビトール脂肪酸エステル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルフェニルエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンヒマシ油、ポリオキシエチレン硬化ヒマシ油、アルキルアリルホルムアルデヒド縮合ポリオキシエチレンエーテル、ポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピレンブロックコポリマー、ポリオキシエチレンポリオキシプロピルアルキルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコール脂肪酸エステル、アルキルグルコシド、N-アルキルグルコンアミド、ポリオキシエチレン脂肪酸アミド、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルアミン等を用いることができる。中でも、単量体水溶液の分散安定性の面から、ソルビタン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル等が好ましい。これらの界面活性剤は、単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
ラジカル重合開始剤としては、例えば、過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸アンモニウム、及び過硫酸ナトリウム等の過硫酸塩類;メチルエチルケトンパーオキシド、メチルイソブチルケトンパーオキシド、ジ-t-ブチルパーオキシド、t-ブチルクミルパーオキシド、t-ブチルパーオキシアセテート、t-ブチルパーオキシイソブチレート、t-ブチルパーオキシピバレート、及び過酸化水素等の過酸化物類;2,2’-アゾビス(2-アミジノプロパン)二塩酸塩、2,2’-アゾビス〔2-(N-フェニルアミジノ)プロパン〕二塩酸塩、2,2’-アゾビス〔2-(N-アリルアミジノ)プロパン〕二塩酸塩、2,2’-アゾビス{2-〔1-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-2-イミダゾリン-2-イル〕プロパン}二塩酸塩、2,2’-アゾビス{2-メチル-N-〔1,1-ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)-2-ヒドロキシエチル〕プロピオンアミド}、2,2’-アゾビス〔2-メチル-N-(2-ヒドロキシエチル)-プロピオンアミド〕、及び4,4’-アゾビス(4-シアノ吉草酸)等のアゾ化合物等を挙げることができる。これらのラジカル重合開始剤のなかでは、入手が容易で取り扱いやすいという観点から、過硫酸カリウム、過硫酸アンモニウム、過硫酸ナトリウム及び2,2’-アゾビス(2-アミジノプロパン)二塩酸塩が好ましい。これらのラジカル重合開始剤は、単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体を重合する際に、必要に応じて架橋剤を使用してもよい。重合が多段である場合には、全ての段階において架橋剤を用いてもよいし、用いない段階が存在してもよい。また、多段の場合、各段階で用いる架橋剤の種類は同じ又は異なってよく、同じものが好ましい。このような架橋剤(以下、「内部架橋剤」という)としては、例えば、(ポリ)エチレングリコール〔「(ポリ)」とは「ポリ」の接頭語がある場合とない場合を意味する。以下同じ〕、(ポリ)プロピレングリコール、1,4-ブタンジオール、トリメチロールプロパン、(ポリ)グリセリン等のジオール、トリオール等のポリオール類と(メタ)アクリル酸、マレイン酸、フマル酸等の不飽和酸とを反応させて得られる不飽和ポリエステル類;N,N-メチレンビスアクリルアミド等のビスアクリルアミド類;ポリエポキシドと(メタ)アクリル酸とを反応させて得られるジまたはトリ(メタ)アクリル酸エステル類;トリレンジイソシアネート、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート等のポリイソシアネートと(メタ)アクリル酸ヒドロキシエチルとを反応させて得られるジ(メタ)アクリル酸カルバミルエステル類;アリル化澱粉、アリル化セルロース、ジアリルフタレート、N,N’,N’’-トリアリルイソシアヌレート、ジビニルベンゼン等の重合性不飽和基を2個以上有する化合物;(ポリ)エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、(ポリ)プロピレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、(ポリ)グリセリンジグリシジルエーテル等のジグリシジル化合物、トリグリシジル化合物等のポリグリシジル化合物;エピクロルヒドリン、エピブロムヒドリン、α-メチルエピクロルヒドリン等のエピハロヒドリン化合物;2,4-トリレンジイソシアネート、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート等のイソシアネート化合物等の反応性官能基を2個以上有する化合物等が挙げられる。これらの内部架橋剤の中でも、好ましくはポリグリシジル化合物、さらに好ましくはジグリシジルエーテル化合物、特に好ましくは(ポリ)エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテルが挙げられる。これらの内部架橋剤は、単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。内部架橋剤は、上述の単量体水溶液に添加して用いることが好ましい。
この吸水性樹脂の製造方法の一例では、逆相懸濁重合を行うに際し、その他の成分を、水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体水溶液に添加してもよい。その他の成分としては、増粘剤や連鎖移動剤等の各種の添加剤を添加することができる。
重合反応を行うに際し、水溶性エチレン性不飽和単量体水溶液に増粘剤を添加してもよい。このように増粘剤を添加して水溶液粘度を調整することによって、得られる吸水性樹脂の中位粒子径を制御することが可能である。
重合工程以降に、含水ゲル状物(重合により得られた吸水性樹脂であって、水を含むもの)に対して後架橋反応を施し、吸水性樹脂の表面近傍の架橋密度を高めることにより、荷重下での吸水能等の諸性能を高めることができる。本開示の吸水性樹脂製造において、後架橋剤により後架橋を施してもよい。
上述の含水ゲル状物に、熱等のエネルギーを外部から加えることで、水、炭化水素分散媒等を蒸留により除去する乾燥工程を含んでいてもよい。例えば、逆相懸濁重合後の含水ゲル状物から脱水を行う場合、炭化水素分散媒中に含水ゲル状物が分散している系を加熱し、水と炭化水素分散媒を共沸蒸留により系外に一旦留去することにより行われる。このとき、留去した炭化水素分散媒のみを系内へリサイクルすることにより、連続的な共沸蒸留が可能であり、かかる手法を採用することにより、系内の温度を共沸温度以下に維持することができ、樹脂が劣化しにくい等の観点から好ましい。次いで、水及び炭化水素分散媒を留去することにより、吸水性樹脂の粒子が得られる。
本開示の吸水性樹脂は、例えば、親水性繊維とともに吸収体を構成する。そのような吸収体は、生理用品、紙オムツ等の衛生材料に用いられる吸収性物品に好適に用いられる。
[吸水性樹脂の評価試験]
下記の実施例及び比較例にて得られた吸水性樹脂については、下記に示す各種試験に供して評価した。以下、各試験方法について説明する。
500mL容のビーカーに、0.9質量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液(生理食塩水)500gを量り取り、600r/minで撹拌させながら、吸水性樹脂2.0gを、ママコが発生しないように分散させた。60分間撹拌を継続し、吸水性樹脂を十分に膨潤させた。その後、あらかじめ目開きが75μmの200mmφ標準篩の質量Wa(g)を測定しておき、これを用いて、前記ビーカーの内容物をろ過し、篩を水平に対して約30度の傾斜角となるように傾けた状態で、30分間静置することにより余剰の水分をろ別した。膨潤ゲルの入った篩の質量Wb(g)を測定し、以下式により生理食塩水吸水能を求めた。
500mL容のビーカーに、0.9質量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液(生理食塩水)500gを量り取り、600r/minで撹拌させながら、吸水性樹脂2.0gを、ママコが発生しないように分散させた。30分間撹拌を継続し、吸水性樹脂を十分に膨潤させた。その後、ビーカー内の膨潤ゲルと生理食塩水を綿袋(メンブロード60番、横100mm×縦200mm)中に注ぎ込み、綿袋の上部を輪ゴムで縛り、遠心力が167Gとなるよう設定した脱水機(国産遠心機株式会社製、品番:H-122)を用いて綿袋を1分間脱水し、脱水後の膨潤ゲルを含んだ綿袋の質量Wc(g)を測定した。吸水性樹脂を添加せずに同様の操作を行ない、綿袋の湿潤時の空質量Wd(g)を測定し、以下式により生理食塩水保水能を求めた。
図1に概略構成を示した測定装置Xを用いて、吸水性樹脂の2.07kPa荷重下での生理食塩水吸水能を測定した。
図2に概略構成を示した測定装置Yを用いて、吸水性樹脂の4.82kPa荷重下での生理食塩水吸水能を測定した。
動的吸水速度の測定は、25℃±1℃に調節された室内で行われた。100mL容のビーカー中に秤量した生理食塩水50±0.1gを、恒温水槽にて25±0.2℃の温度に調整したのち、マグネチックスターラーバー(8mmφ×30mmのリング無し)で攪拌して、回転数600r/minで渦を発生させた。吸水性樹脂2.0±0.002gを、上記生理食塩水中に一度に添加し、吸水性樹脂の添加後から液面の渦が収束する時点までの時間(秒)を測定し、分単位に換算したものを動的な吸水時間(分)とした。
図1に概略構成を示した測定装置Xを用いて、重り42を使用せず無荷重下での測定を行うこと以外は、前述した2.07kPa荷重下での生理食塩水吸水能と同様にして、吸水性樹脂の静的吸水速度を測定した。本測定方法においては、前述の通り、重り42を用いないため、荷重がかからない状態(言い換えれば、無荷重下)での吸水性樹脂5の吸水速度を測定した。
JIS標準篩を上から、目開き850μmの篩、目開き600μmの篩、目開き500μmの篩、目開き425μmの篩、目開き300μmの篩、目開き250μmの篩、目開き150μmの篩、及び受け皿の順に組み合わせた。
8) 逆戻り量
(a)試験液の調整
10L容の容器に、塩化カルシウムニ水和物2.5g、塩化マグネシウム六水和物5.0g、塩化カリウム20g、硫酸ナトリウム20g、リン酸二水素アンモニウム8.5g、リン酸水素二アンモニウム1.5g及び適量の蒸留水を入れ、完全に溶解させた。残りの蒸留水を全量追加して希釈し、さらに、少量の青色1号で着色して、試験液を調製した。
吸水性樹脂6.6gと解砕パルプ(レオニア社製レイフロック)10gを用い、空気抄造によって均一混合することにより、40cm×12cmの大きさの吸収体コアを作製した。次に、吸収体コアと同じ大きさで、坪量16g/m2の2枚のティッシュッペーパーを吸収体コアの上下に配置した状態で、全体に196kPaの荷重を30秒間加えてプレスすることにより、吸水性樹脂の含有量が40質量%の吸収体を作製した。さらに吸収体の上面に、吸収体と同じ大きさで、坪量22g/m2のポリエチレン製エアスルー型多孔質液体透過性シートを配置し、同じ大きさ、同じ坪量のポリエチレン製液体不透過性シートを吸収体の下面に配置して、吸収体を挟みつけることにより、検討用の吸収性物品とした。
まず、水平の台上に吸収性物品を置いた。吸収性物品の中心部に、内径3cmの開口部を有する液投入用シリンダーを置き、50mLの試験液をそのシリンダー内に一度に投入した。試験液が浸透したのち、前記シリンダーをはずし、吸収性物品をそのままの状態で保存し、1回目の試験液投入開始から30分後及び60分後にも、1回目と同じ位置にシリンダーを用いて同様の操作を行った。前記3回目の試験液投入から60分経過後、吸収性物品の試験液投入位置に、あらかじめ質量(Wk(g)、約70g)を測定しておいた10cm四方の濾紙を、吸収性物品の中心部に合わさるよう置き、その上に底面が10cm×10cmの質量5kgの重りを載せた。5分間の荷重後、試験後の濾紙の質量(Wl(g))を測定し、増加した質量を以下式により算出し、逆戻り量(g)とした。
[実施例1]
還流冷却器、滴下ロート、窒素ガス導入管、並びに、攪拌機として、翼径50mmの4枚傾斜パドル翼を2段で有する攪拌翼を備えた内径110mm、2L容の丸底円筒型セパラブルフラスコを準備した。このフラスコに、炭化水素分散媒としてn-ヘプタン300gをとり、高分子系分散剤として無水マレイン酸変性エチレン・プロピレン共重合体(三井化学株式会社、ハイワックス1105A)0.62gを添加し、攪拌しつつ加温溶解した後、50℃まで冷却した。
還流冷却器、滴下ロート、窒素ガス導入管、並びに、攪拌機として、翼径50mmの4枚傾斜パドル翼を2段で有する攪拌翼を備えた内径110mm、2L容の丸底円筒型セパラブルフラスコを準備した。このフラスコに、炭化水素分散媒としてn-ヘプタン300gをとり、高分子系分散剤として無水マレイン酸変性エチレン・プロピレン共重合体(三井化学株式会社、ハイワックス1105A)0.52gを添加し、攪拌しつつ加温溶解した後、50℃まで冷却した。
還流冷却器、滴下ロート、窒素ガス導入管、並びに、攪拌機として、翼径50mmの4枚傾斜パドル翼を2段で有する攪拌翼を備えた内径110mm、2L容の丸底円筒型セパラブルフラスコを準備した。このフラスコに、炭化水素分散媒としてn-ヘプタン300gをとり、高分子系分散剤として無水マレイン酸変性エチレン・プロピレン共重合体(三井化学株式会社、ハイワックス1105A)0.62gを添加し、攪拌しつつ加温溶解した後、50℃まで冷却した。
還流冷却器、滴下ロート、窒素ガス導入管、並びに、攪拌機として、翼径50mmの4枚傾斜パドル翼を2段で有する攪拌翼を備えた内径110mm、2L容の丸底円筒型セパラブルフラスコを準備した。このフラスコに、炭化水素分散媒としてn-ヘプタン300gをとり、高分子系分散剤として無水マレイン酸変性エチレン・プロピレン共重合体(三井化学株式会社、ハイワックス1105A)0.74gを添加し、攪拌しつつ加温溶解した後、50℃まで冷却した。
還流冷却器、滴下ロート、窒素ガス導入管、並びに、攪拌機として、翼径50mmの4枚傾斜パドル翼を2段で有する攪拌翼を備えた内径110mm、2L容の丸底円筒型セパラブルフラスコを準備し、このフラスコに、炭化水素分散媒としてn-ヘプタン300gをとり、高分子系分散剤として無水マレイン酸変性エチレン・プロピレン共重合体(三井化学株式会社、ハイワックス1105A)0.74gを添加し、攪拌しつつ加温溶解した後、50℃まで冷却した。
還流冷却器、滴下ロート、窒素ガス導入管、並びに、攪拌機として、翼径50mmの4枚傾斜パドル翼を2段で有する攪拌翼を備えた内径110mm、2L容の丸底円筒型セパラブルフラスコを準備し、このフラスコに、炭化水素分散媒としてn-ヘプタン300gをとり、高分子系分散剤として無水マレイン酸変性エチレン・プロピレン共重合体(三井化学株式会社、ハイワックス1105A)0.74gを添加し、攪拌しつつ加温溶解した後、50℃まで冷却した。
還流冷却器、滴下ロート、窒素ガス導入管、並びに、攪拌機として、翼径50mmの4枚傾斜パドル翼を2段で有する攪拌翼を備えた内径110mm、2L容の丸底円筒型セパラブルフラスコを準備し、このフラスコに、炭化水素分散媒としてn-ヘプタン300gをとり、高分子系分散剤として無水マレイン酸変性エチレン・プロピレン共重合体(三井化学株式会社、ハイワックス1105A)0.74gを添加し、攪拌しつつ加温溶解した後、50℃まで冷却した。
還流冷却器、滴下ロート、窒素ガス導入管、並びに、攪拌機として、翼径50mmの4枚傾斜パドル翼を2段で有する攪拌翼を備えた内径110mm、2L容の丸底円筒型セパラブルフラスコを準備し、このフラスコに、炭化水素分散媒としてn-ヘプタン300gをとり、高分子系分散剤として無水マレイン酸変性エチレン・プロピレン共重合体(三井化学株式会社、ハイワックス1105A)0.74gを添加し、攪拌しつつ加温溶解した後、50℃まで冷却した。
[吸水性樹脂および吸収体の評価結果]
下記表1に吸水性樹脂の評価試験結果を示した。また、下記表2には吸水性樹脂のドライアップ指数、総括吸収容量項α、吸水速度項β、及びその吸水性樹脂を用いた吸収体の評価結果(逆戻り量)を示した。
10 ビュレット
11 空気導入管
12 コック
13 コック
14 ゴム栓
2 導管
3 測定台
4 測定部
40 円筒
41 ナイロンメッシュ
42 重り
5 吸水性樹脂粒子
6 ペトリ皿
7 ガラスフィルター
8 濾紙
90 重り
91 プラスチック製支持円筒
92 ピストン
93 ステンレス製金網
X 測定装置
Y 測定装置
Claims (6)
- 総括吸収容量項αが0.95以上である、請求項1に記載の吸水性樹脂。
- 吸水速度項βが1.56以上である、請求項1又は2に記載の吸水性樹脂。
- 生理食塩水吸水能と生理食塩水保水能の差が18以下である、請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の吸水性樹脂。
- 2.07kPa荷重下での生理食塩水吸水能と4.82kPa荷重下での生理食塩水吸水能の差が17~36である、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の吸水性樹脂。
- 請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の吸水性樹脂を5~50質量%含んでなる吸収体。
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| KR1020217012665A KR102800813B1 (ko) | 2018-11-05 | 2019-10-31 | 흡수성 수지 |
| EP19881530.0A EP3878874A4 (en) | 2018-11-05 | 2019-10-31 | WATER-ABSORBENT RESIN |
| CN201980072201.3A CN113039219B (zh) | 2018-11-05 | 2019-10-31 | 吸水性树脂 |
| KR1020247031109A KR102729715B1 (ko) | 2018-11-05 | 2019-10-31 | 흡수성 수지 |
| SG11202104506VA SG11202104506VA (en) | 2018-11-05 | 2019-10-31 | Water-absorbing resin |
| JP2020556019A JP7818352B2 (ja) | 2018-11-05 | 2019-10-31 | 吸水性樹脂 |
| US17/291,149 US12403449B2 (en) | 2018-11-05 | 2019-10-31 | Water-absorbing resin |
| JP2024023902A JP2024059766A (ja) | 2018-11-05 | 2024-02-20 | 吸水性樹脂 |
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| US (1) | US12403449B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3878874A4 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JP7818352B2 (ja) |
| KR (2) | KR102729715B1 (ja) |
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- 2019-10-31 JP JP2020556019A patent/JP7818352B2/ja active Active
- 2019-10-31 SG SG11202104506VA patent/SG11202104506VA/en unknown
- 2019-10-31 WO PCT/JP2019/042766 patent/WO2020095811A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2019-10-31 KR KR1020217012665A patent/KR102800813B1/ko active Active
- 2019-10-31 CN CN201980072201.3A patent/CN113039219B/zh active Active
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US20220126271A1 (en) | 2022-04-28 |
| EP3878874A4 (en) | 2022-08-10 |
| JP2024059766A (ja) | 2024-05-01 |
| SG11202104506VA (en) | 2021-05-28 |
| KR20210090617A (ko) | 2021-07-20 |
| JPWO2020095811A1 (ja) | 2021-10-07 |
| US12403449B2 (en) | 2025-09-02 |
| CN113039219B (zh) | 2023-04-14 |
| JP7818352B2 (ja) | 2026-02-20 |
| EP3878874A1 (en) | 2021-09-15 |
| CN113039219A (zh) | 2021-06-25 |
| KR102800813B1 (ko) | 2025-04-29 |
| KR102729715B1 (ko) | 2024-11-15 |
| KR20240142607A (ko) | 2024-09-30 |
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