WO2020095861A1 - 伸縮加工糸、繊維製品、複合口金及び複合繊維の製造方法 - Google Patents
伸縮加工糸、繊維製品、複合口金及び複合繊維の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020095861A1 WO2020095861A1 PCT/JP2019/043169 JP2019043169W WO2020095861A1 WO 2020095861 A1 WO2020095861 A1 WO 2020095861A1 JP 2019043169 W JP2019043169 W JP 2019043169W WO 2020095861 A1 WO2020095861 A1 WO 2020095861A1
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
- D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
- D02G1/0206—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist by false-twisting
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
- D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
- D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
- D02G3/32—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic
- D02G3/326—Elastic yarns or threads ; Production of plied or cored yarns, one of which is elastic the elastic properties due to the construction rather than to the use of elastic material
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D4/00—Spinnerette packs; Cleaning thereof
- D01D4/06—Distributing spinning solution or melt to spinning nozzles
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/22—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like with a crimped or curled structure; with a special structure to simulate wool
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
- D01D—MECHANICAL METHODS OR APPARATUS IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS
- D01D5/00—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like
- D01D5/28—Formation of filaments, threads, or the like while mixing different spinning solutions or melts during the spinning operation; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/30—Conjugate filaments; Spinnerette packs therefor
- D01D5/34—Core-skin structure; Spinnerette packs therefor
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
- D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
- D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
- D02G1/0206—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist by false-twisting
- D02G1/024—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist by false-twisting with provision for imparting irregular effects to the yarn
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
- D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
- D02G1/0206—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist by false-twisting
- D02G1/0253—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist by false-twisting while bonding at least some of the filaments or fibres together
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
- D02G1/02—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist
- D02G1/0286—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by twisting, fixing the twist and backtwisting, i.e. by imparting false twist characterised by the use of certain filaments, fibres or yarns
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G1/00—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics
- D02G1/18—Producing crimped or curled fibres, filaments, yarns, or threads, giving them latent characteristics by combining fibres, filaments, or yarns, having different shrinkage characteristics
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
- D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
- D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
- D02J—FINISHING OR DRESSING OF FILAMENTS, YARNS, THREADS, CORDS, ROPES OR THE LIKE
- D02J1/00—Modifying the structure or properties resulting from a particular structure; Modifying, retaining, or restoring the physical form or cross-sectional shape, e.g. by use of dies or squeeze rollers
- D02J1/22—Stretching or tensioning, shrinking or relaxing, e.g. by use of overfeed and underfeed apparatus, or preventing stretch
- D02J1/225—Mechanical characteristics of stretching apparatus
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/20—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads
- D03D15/283—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the material of the fibres or filaments constituting the yarns or threads synthetic polymer-based, e.g. polyamide or polyester fibres
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/30—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the fibres or filaments
- D03D15/37—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the structure of the fibres or filaments with specific cross-section or surface shape
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
- D03D15/56—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads elastic
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D03—WEAVING
- D03D—WOVEN FABRICS; METHODS OF WEAVING; LOOMS
- D03D15/00—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used
- D03D15/50—Woven fabrics characterised by the material, structure or properties of the fibres, filaments, yarns, threads or other warp or weft elements used characterised by the properties of the yarns or threads
- D03D15/567—Shapes or effects upon shrinkage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a stretch-processed yarn composed of a multifilament having a coil-shaped crimp, and a composite spinneret for producing the stretch-processed yarn.
- Fibers made of thermoplastic polymers such as polyester and polyamide have various excellent properties such as mechanical properties and dimensional stability, so they are used in a wide range of application fields such as clothing applications, interiors, vehicle interiors and industrial materials. ing. As people desire a more comfortable life, the demands for fiber materials have become more demanding, and the most familiar clothing materials that we are familiar with have advanced sophistication for their comfort. It is being actively conducted.
- Stretch materials were often used in high-performance sports clothing for athletes who perform harsh exercises in unique environments, but in recent years, the ease of wearing and movement are also recognized by general users. And tends to be used in a wide range of apparel materials. Along with this trend, it is not enough to simply achieve expansion and contraction such as expansion and contraction, but other functions have been added and the expansion and contraction behavior has been controlled to make the expansion and expansion more complicated and advanced. Development for high-performance stretch materials is being actively conducted.
- Patent Document 1 a composite fiber having a side-by-side type cross section in which two types of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) having different intrinsic viscosities or intrinsic viscosities are bonded to each other on the left and right, and in Patent Document 2, polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT) and side-by-side using PET
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- Patent Document 2 polytrimethylene terephthalate
- the side-by-side type composite fiber in which two kinds of polymers are bonded together as described above exhibits crimps according to the difference in shrinkage ratio between the polymers when subjected to heat treatment or the like, and is generally a latent crimp. Called fiber. This three-dimensional crimp having a spiral structure can be expanded and contracted, and the latent crimp fiber becomes a fiber whose appeal is this stretchability.
- the latent crimped fiber as described above has an appropriate hold feeling by utilizing the elongation property due to the polymer structure or controlling the crimp form in addition to the elasticity due to the elongation of the crimp structure. It is possible to develop a resistance force at the time of elongation, which is indispensable for the fabric having the above.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a technology relating to side-by-side type composite fibers made of PTT having different intrinsic viscosities or copolymerization rates.
- the composite fiber described in Patent Document 3 expands the fiber itself in the high strain region at the time of extensional deformation by expressing the crimp, and has high resilience and power feeling depending on the elastic polymer property of PTT.
- the fabric has a certain stretch performance.
- Patent Document 4 proposes a PTT-based false twisted fiber obtained by subjecting a side-by-side type composite fiber made of PTT to false twisting.
- the crimping by false twisting is applied in addition to the latent crimping by false twisting, the crimping / expanding force of one fiber can be effectively used, which is excellent.
- Patent Document 5 proposes a composite crimped yarn having a convergent portion and a non-convergent portion in the length direction of the processed yarn by mixing at least two types of latent crimped fibers by post-processing.
- the non-converging portion is responsible for the stretchability and the converging portion is responsible for the repulsion sensation, so that the fabric has stretch characteristics with the repulsion sensation.
- the latent crimp-developing fiber develops a higher degree of crimp as the shrinkage difference between the polymer A on the high shrinkage side and the polymer B on the low shrinkage side in the yarn making process is large, and the stretch performance is excellent even when formed into a fabric. Will be expressed.
- the ejection stability decreases and stable production is achieved. It is known to be difficult to do.
- FIG. 8B is a general composite spinneret used when spinning a latent crimp-expressing fiber having a composite cross section as shown in FIG. 8A.
- the polymer on the high viscosity side (high viscosity polymer A) is pushed by the polymer on the low viscosity side (low viscosity polymer B) and curved.
- the composite polymer is discharged in this state, a discharge bending phenomenon occurs, causing yarn sway and yarn breakage due to contact with the spinneret surface. Therefore, in order to achieve stable ejection, ejection conditions may be limited.
- this discharge bending phenomenon is caused by the flow behavior of the composite polymer flow in the composite mouthpiece.
- the polymer of the high viscosity polymer A introduced by the guide holes 1 as shown in FIG. 8C.
- the flow and the polymer flow of the low-viscosity polymer B guided by the guide hole 2 are joined at the introduction hole 4. Due to the different melt viscosities of the two polymers, the respective polymer flows have different resistances received from the wall surface of the introduction hole 4, and as a result, the radial velocity distribution in the introduction hole 4 advances as shown in FIG. It is presumed that the asymmetric velocity distribution V2 as shown in c) is generated and the discharge bending phenomenon occurs in the polymer flow G discharged from the mouthpiece discharge hole 8.
- Patent Document 6 proposes a composite spinneret that suppresses the discharge bending phenomenon by controlling the flow velocity when the polymer streams are joined.
- the flow rate of the low-viscosity polymer stream becomes sufficiently low, and as shown in FIG.
- the velocity distribution in the cross-sectional direction can be approximated symmetrically (reference numeral “V4” in FIG. 9C), and the discharge bending phenomenon of the polymer flow G discharged from the mouthpiece discharge hole 8 can be suppressed.
- Patent Document 7 proposes a composite mouthpiece that suppresses discharge bending by controlling the composite cross section.
- the composite base described in Patent Document 7 will be described with reference to FIG. 10 (b).
- the polymer flow of the high-viscosity polymer A (high-viscosity polymer flow) guided by the induction hole 1 and the polymer flow of the low-viscosity polymer B (low-viscosity polymer flow) guided by the induction hole 2 ) Is joined at the introduction hole 4, the joining polymer flow is made to flow down to the introduction hole 7, and the low-viscosity polymer flow entering another guide hole 3 is introduced to the introduction hole 7 via the flow path 6.
- the first component polymer A is surrounded by the second component polymer B (see FIG. 10).
- An eccentric sheath sheath cross section as shown in a) can be obtained.
- the resistance received from the wall surface of the introduction hole 7 of each polymer flow becomes constant, and the velocity in the cross-sectional direction of the composite polymer flow when the first component polymer A is a high viscosity polymer and the second component polymer B is a low viscosity polymer
- the distribution has three peaks as shown in FIG. 10 (c) (reference numeral “V5” in FIG.
- Patent Document 3 the behavior of the crimped structure extending is the same as in Patent Documents 1 and 2, and it is difficult to obtain an appropriate hold feeling, and in addition, the elasticity of the polymer when the crimped structure is completely extended.
- the resistance may be excessive and may be felt as a tightness.
- Patent Document 4 by providing the actual crimps by false twisting, large and small crimps of different sizes are mixed in the multifilament, and thus a wide distribution of the coil pitch and the coil diameter is expressed between the fibers. It will be. In such a state, fibers having a large coil diameter are slackened and fixed on the multifilament. The slackened fibers do not contribute to the expansion and contraction of the multifilament and the accompanying resistance force, so that the resistance force during expansion and contraction may decrease.
- a common point of the composite spinneret used when spinning the latent crimp-developing fiber is that it has a flow path between the guide hole and the introduction hole.
- This flow path is a groove flow path arranged in a direction perpendicular to the guide hole or the introduction hole, and at least one polymer flow is joined to the other polymer before the introduction hole via the flow path. It At this time, since the polymer flow collides in the vertical direction, there are problems such as complex cross-sectional change due to minute flow velocity change of the polymer flow and occurrence of abnormal retention during long-term spinning. In some cases, there was a problem in yarn production stability such as yarn breakage due to deterioration or discharge bending.
- the amount of the low-viscosity polymer flow introduced from another guide hole 3 must be made extremely small, and by making the amount of the polymer flow extremely small, it becomes inevitable that abnormal retention easily occurs in the polymer reservoir of the flow path 6. In some cases, there was a problem in the stability of yarn production.
- Patent Document 7 since it is a mouthpiece channel that joins the polymer streams twice, it is necessary to take a large processing area in the mouthpiece, and accordingly, the number of fibers obtained from one composite mouthpiece (filament). The number was limited. As a result, the productivity may be significantly reduced, and the development of various products may be restricted.
- the composite spinneret capable of being stably discharged in a wide range of conditions is an extremely important factor in producing the latent crimp-expressing fiber, but has the problems as described above, and these problems There has been a demand for a composite spinneret of latent crimp-developing fibers that solves the above problem.
- the present invention overcomes the problems of the prior art, stretchable yarn capable of imparting good stretchability to clothing, a fiber product containing the stretchable yarn, a composite spinneret for producing the stretchable yarn, and
- An object is to provide a method for producing a composite fiber. Specifically, by precisely controlling and improving the crimped form of the fibers that make up the crimped yarn, good stretchability and movement followability due to an appropriate resistance force during stretching and flexibility according to the crimped form are achieved.
- Stretch-processed yarn that can be made into a fiber material having a smooth surface feel, and a composite spinneret for producing the stretch-processed yarn have the same crimp developability as that of a conventional side-by-side cross section (see FIG. 8A).
- the purpose is to form a composite cross section that can significantly suppress the ejection bending phenomenon while maintaining the above. Furthermore, the dimensional stability of the composite cross section can be maintained high regardless of the ejection range, and thus a wide range of conditions can be maintained. Provide a composite mouthpiece capable of stably discharging in a range.
- a composite mouthpiece for discharging a composite polymer stream composed of a first component polymer and a second component polymer wherein the composite mouthpiece has a plurality of measuring holes for measuring each polymer component, It is composed of one or more distribution plates having distribution holes for distributing each polymer component, and a discharge plate, and a semicircle at the lowermost layer on the downstream side of the distribution plate in the polymer spinning path direction.
- a plurality of first component polymer distribution holes surrounded by a plurality of second component polymer distribution holes are bored, and at least a part of the second component polymer distribution holes in the polymer distribution hole group are formed. Is arranged in a semicircular arrangement outside the circumference of the plurality of first component polymer distribution holes in the semicircular arrangement.
- the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention is one in which a group of a plurality of coil-shaped crimps having a controlled coil diameter is mixed in a multifilament, and exhibits appropriate stretching resistance from the initial stage of stretching depending on the size of the coil diameter.
- it When it is made into a woven or knitted fabric, it has a proper holding property and is satisfactorily stretched and deformed. Therefore, it can be a stretch material that exhibits stress-free motion followability, and can be expected to be applied to textile products for a wide range of applications from sports / apparel clothing applications to industrial material applications such as sanitary materials.
- the composite spinneret used for producing the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention it is possible to significantly suppress the discharge bending phenomenon while maintaining the crimp developability equivalent to that of the conventional latent crimp developable fiber.
- Such a composite cross section can be formed, and the dimensional stability of the composite cross section can be maintained at a high level regardless of the viscosity and discharge range of the polymer. Therefore, it is possible to stably manufacture the composite fiber having excellent stretchability in a wide range of conditions.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of fibers constituting the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention, and is a diagram observing a crimped form for explaining a coil diameter in the crimped form.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of distribution of coil diameters of fibers constituting the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing the relationship between the stretch deformation profiles of the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention and the conventional stretch yarn.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the elongation energy using an example of the elongation deformation profile of the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an example of fibers constituting the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention, and is a diagram observing a crimped form for explaining a coil diameter in the crimped form.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing an example of distribution of coil diameters of fibers constituting the stretch-processed yarn of the present
- FIG. 5 is a figure which shows an example of the fiber diameter distribution of the fiber which comprises the stretch-processed yarn of this invention.
- 6 (a) and 6 (b) are fiber cross-sectional views for explaining cross-sectional parameters of the composite fiber having the thin skin eccentric core-sheath structure of the present invention.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic view of the discharge hole arrangement in the discharge plate of the die used in Example 10.
- 8 (a) to 8 (c) are diagrams relating to a conventional latent crimp-developing fiber
- FIG. 8 (a) is a side-by-side cross section which is a composite cross section of the conventional latent crimp-expressing fiber.
- FIG. 8 (b) is a schematic view of a general composite spinneret used for spinning a latent crimp-developing fiber having the side-by-side cross-section of Fig. 8 (a), and Fig. 8 (c) is shown in Fig. 8 ( FIG. 6B is a velocity distribution diagram in the radial direction in the introduction hole where the respective polymer streams flowing in the composite spinneret of b) join.
- 9 (a) to 9 (c) are views relating to the composite mouthpiece of Patent Document 6, and FIG. 9 (a) is a schematic view of the composite mouthpiece used in the embodiment of Patent Document 6.
- 9B is a sectional view taken along the line II ′ of FIG. 9A, and FIG.
- FIG. 9C is a velocity distribution diagram in the radial direction in the introduction hole where the respective polymer streams flowing in the composite die of FIG. 9A merge.
- Is. 10 (a) to 10 (c) are views relating to the composite spinneret of Patent Document 7, and FIG. 10 (a) is a morphological view of an eccentric core-sheath cross section which is a composite cross section of the composite fiber of Patent Document 7.
- 10 (b) is a schematic view of a composite spinneret used for preventing the composite fiber of Patent Document 7
- FIG. 10 (c) is a drawing in which the respective polymer streams flowing in the composite spinneret of FIG. 10 (b) join together. It is a velocity distribution diagram in the radial direction in the introduction hole.
- FIG. 11 (a) and 11 (b) are views relating to the distribution plate used in the embodiment of the present invention, in which FIG. 11 (a) shows the lowermost layer on the downstream side in the polymer spinning path direction of the distribution plate.
- FIG. 11 (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite fiber obtained from a composite spinneret using the distribution plate of FIG. 11 (a).
- 12 (a) to 12 (c) are views for explaining the method for producing the composite fiber of the present invention, which is an example of the form of the composite spinneret, and FIG. 12 (a) shows the composite spinneret.
- 12B is a front sectional view of a part of the distribution plate
- FIG. 12C is a front sectional view of the discharge plate.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of a distribution plate used in the embodiment of the present invention.
- FIGS. 14 (a) and 14 (b) are views relating to a conventional distribution plate different from the present invention, and FIG. 14 (a) shows the distribution plate in the lowermost layer on the downstream side in the polymer spinning path direction.
- FIG. 14 (b) is a schematic cross-sectional view of a composite fiber obtained from a composite spinneret using the distribution plate of FIG. 14 (a).
- the stretch-processed yarn referred to in the present invention refers to a process yarn that has the property of expanding and contracting when subjected to elongation deformation, and this stretch-processed yarn has a coiled crimp form in the fiber axis direction.
- the first requirement of the present invention is to have a multifilament made of fibers and have a group of two or more crimp coil diameter distributions in the fibers.
- the coil diameter of the coil-shaped crimp here is one of the indexes indicating the crimp size of the fibers constituting the stretch-processed yarn, and the fibers separated from the multifilament are side surfaces (direction perpendicular to the fiber axis direction). 2), the peaks and valleys are alternately observed in the fiber width direction as illustrated in FIG. 1, and the coil diameter of the present invention can be measured from this observed image.
- the coil diameter of the crimp referred to in the present invention will be described in more detail by using an example (FIG. 1) obtained by photographing the fibers constituting the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention by the above method.
- a multifilament sample to be evaluated is made into a 10-m case using a measuring instrument or the like, weighted with 0.2 mg / d, immersed in boiling water at 98 ° C or higher, and subjected to boiling water treatment for 15 minutes. After sufficiently drying the multifilament sample that has been treated with boiling water by air-drying, marking an arbitrary location on the multifilament so that the distance between two points becomes 3 cm after a lapse of 30 seconds with a load of 1 mg / d. To do.
- the fibers are separated from the multifilament so as not to be plastically deformed, adjusted so that the distance between the markings previously made becomes the original 3 cm, and fixed on the slide glass, and this sample is wound with a digital microscope or the like.
- the vertices M1 and M2 when the vertices of any adjacent mountains are M1 and M2 and the valley vertices between the vertices M1 and M2 are V1, the vertices M1 and M
- the shortest distance between the line connecting the apexes M2 and the apex V1 of the valley is the crimp coil diameter (Dc) referred to in the present invention.
- the coil diameter Dc of the crimp is measured in units of ⁇ m up to the first decimal place.
- the coil diameter is measured so that the total number of data is 100.
- the measured value of the coil diameter is divided into classes with a boundary value of 10 ⁇ n (n: natural number) ⁇ m and a width of 10 ⁇ m, and the vertical axis is a frequency histogram, as shown in FIG. Having more than one group (mountain) means "having a group of two or more crimp coil diameters" in the present invention.
- the group mentioned here means a case where either of the following (1) or (2) is satisfied, and two groups (black colored portions) shown by 2- (a) and 2- (b) in FIG.
- FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a coil diameter measurement result of a stretch-processed yarn having a.
- (1) When there are two or more consecutive classes with a frequency of 5% or more, all the relevant classes are included in one group (illustrated in 2- (a) of FIG. 2). (2) If the frequency of the classes exceeds 10% and the frequency of all the successive classes is less than 5%, the classes of 10% or more are regarded as one group (2- in FIG. 2). (Exemplified in (b)).
- the processed yarn having the coil diameter distribution as illustrated in FIG. 2 means that the multifilament is composed of two or more kinds of fiber groups having a clear difference in crimp size (average coil diameter). ..
- a crimp coil expands and contracts to develop a resistance force (stress) during extensional deformation, and in the case of a multi-filament composed of only one type of coil diameter. Since the fibers constituting the multifilament are uniformly deformed, stress (resistive force) does not appear until the crimps are almost fully stretched, as shown by the dotted line 3- (a) in FIG. It will be a good profile.
- the fibers having different sizes are inclinedly deformed according to the elongation of the processed yarn. That is, fibers with a small coil diameter are deformed in the low elongation region, and then fibers with a large coil diameter are deformed in the high elongation region, such as from the time of low elongation as shown by the solid line 3- (b) in FIG. It has a specific deformation profile in which stress develops.
- the stretch-processed yarn that has not been heat-treated is left for 24 hours under no load under a temperature of 20 ⁇ 2 ° C. and a relative humidity of 65 ⁇ 2%.
- a tensile tester (“TENSILON” manufactured by Orientec Co., Ltd. (TENSILON) was used by applying a load of 1 mg / d to the yarn sample after standing for 24 hours and allowing an initial sample length of 50 mm with the load applied for 30 seconds or more. UCT-100 etc.).
- a tensile test was performed on the yarn sample at a pulling speed of 50 mm / min.
- the horizontal axis represents elongation (unit: mm)
- the vertical axis represents stress (unit: cN / dtex)
- elongation-stress as illustrated in FIG. Create a curve.
- the point at which the strength is 0.05 cN / dtex is 4- (a)
- the intersection with the axis is 4- (b)
- the area Ae surrounded by the points 4- (a) and 4- (b) and the origin represents the extension energy
- the unit can be calculated as ⁇ J / dtex. it can.
- a simple number average of the results obtained by performing the same operation on ten different yarn samples and rounding off the second decimal place is the extension energy referred to in the present invention.
- the stretching energy referred to here indicates the amount of energy required for the material to undergo stretching deformation, and when the stretching-stress curve of the yarn has a monotonous profile as shown by the dotted line 3- (a) in FIG. Means that the stretching energy is low, and that it deforms without resistance at the time of low stretching deformation exerted by a human in a normal operation, which causes a difference between the deformation of the cloth and the movement of the human.
- a multifilament having a high elongation energy as shown by the solid line 3- (b) in FIG. 3
- a resistance force is exhibited even at the time of low elongation deformation, and it deforms while fitting to human motion. It is possible to appeal a comfortable hold feeling and a good movement followability.
- the elongation energy measured by the above method is preferably 1.5 ⁇ J / dtex or more. If it is in such a range, it means that it develops a stretch resistance force suitable for following human movement from a low extension deformation, and when wearing for a long time with gentle movement such as hiking or stretching exercise, Comfortable stretch garments that do not feel stress by allowing the clothes to stretch comfortably while holding the body, even when making large movements. Further, in order to apply to sports clothing applications such as athletics that require relatively agile movements or large movements instantaneously, the stretching energy is more preferably 2.5 ⁇ J / dtex or more. Can be mentioned.
- the stretching energy here the more the hold feeling increases, and the better the motion followability becomes, but by raising it too much, it hinders the movement of the body and holds it excessively.
- the upper limit value that substantially achieves the object of the present invention is 10.0 ⁇ J / dtex or less, and the extension energy is in the range of 2.5 to 10.0 ⁇ J / dtex. It can be mentioned as a particularly preferable range.
- the correlation of the groups in the coil diameter distribution is in an appropriate range as in the present invention, whereby the specific deformation profile of the present invention is can get. That is, in the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention, the control of the coil diameter difference between the fibers constituting the multifilament is an important requirement, specifically, the maximum group average value and the minimum group average value of the coil diameter. It is necessary that the ratio (maximum group average value / minimum group average value) of less than 3.00.
- the group average value of the coil diameter referred to in the present invention means that the groups are classified from the coil diameter distribution of the multifilament measured by the method described above, and the number average of the coil diameters included in each group is calculated. It means the value rounded off.
- the group average values calculated by the above method are compared among the groups of coil diameter distribution, the largest group average value is the largest group average value, and the smallest group average value is the smallest group average value.
- the value obtained by dividing the maximum group average value by dividing the minimum group average value by the second decimal place is the ratio of the maximum group average value to the minimum group average value. The larger this value, the larger the deviation of the coil diameter between the fibers forming the stretch-processed yarn.
- the elongation-stress curve of the multifilament does not undergo stepwise deformation, and in order to obtain good elongation energy, the ratio of the maximum group average value to the minimum group average value is 1. A more preferable range is from 0.50 to 2.50.
- the number of fibers contained in the group having the smallest group average value of the coil diameter is 20% of the total number of fibers constituting the multifilament.
- the above is preferable.
- the stress in the low elongation region is improved and the stress is satisfactorily developed from the low elongation region, so that the elongation energy is increased and the characteristics of the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention are characterized. It is possible to suitably develop a feeling of hold when performing a small motion.
- the number of fibers included in the group having the smallest group average value of the coil diameter has an effect of increasing the feeling of holding at the time of low elongation, it is the smallest as a range suitable for being applied as full-scale sports clothing.
- the number of yarns included in the group of the group average value can be 40% or more, which can be mentioned as a more preferable range of the present invention.
- the upper limit of the number of fibers contained in the group having the smallest group average value of the coil diameter is not particularly limited, but the fibers of different sizes are inclinedly deformed according to the elongation of the processed yarn which is the gist of the present invention. For this reason, it is preferable that fibers having a large coil diameter also exist in a certain ratio. From this viewpoint, the number of yarns included in the group having the minimum group average value is 90% or less of the total number of fibers. Is preferable, and more preferably 80% or less.
- the average diameter of the fibers is preferably 15 ⁇ m or less.
- the fabric follows the stretch of the skin, and the friction between the clothing and the skin is greatly suppressed, and a comfortable stretch material that exhibits stress-free motion followability. Become.
- the average fiber diameter referred to in the present invention can be determined as follows. First, the stretched yarn is embedded as it is in a multifilament with an embedding agent such as an epoxy resin, and the cross section is imaged for all fibers at a magnification at which 10 or more fibers can be observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM). Take a picture. In each captured image, the cross-sectional area Af of the fiber is measured using image analysis software (for example, "WinROOF2015” manufactured by Mitani Corporation), and the diameter of a perfect circle having the same area as this cross-sectional area Af is calculated. To do. This is measured for all fibers constituting the multifilament, a simple number average is obtained, the unit is ⁇ m, and the value rounded off to the second decimal place is the average diameter of the fiber in the present invention.
- image analysis software for example, "WinROOF2015” manufactured by Mitani Corporation
- the average diameter of the fibers is preferably 12 ⁇ m or less as a more preferable range. Furthermore, as the average diameter of the fibers decreases, the rigidity of the fibers decreases in addition to the adhesiveness when the fabric is formed, so that a soft touch that is essential for comfortable wearability can be obtained. Therefore, in order to obtain a cloth that can be applied to innerwear that directly touches the skin or sports underwear that requires high movement followability, it is particularly preferable that the average diameter of the fibers be 10 ⁇ m or less.
- the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention has excellent motion followability when formed into a fabric, and can naturally be used in sports applications and outdoor applications where the use environment is harsh, so the fiber cross section has abrasion resistance. It is necessary to have an eccentric core-sheath cross section excellent in
- the eccentric core-sheath cross section referred to in the present invention means, for example, in a fiber cross section composed of two or more different polymers as shown in FIG. 6 (a), the polymer B as the sheath component completely covers the polymer A as the core component. It means that the center of gravity a of the core component is different from the center point c of the fiber cross section.
- FIG. 6 (a) illustrates a cross-sectional view of a composite fiber having the eccentric core-sheath cross section.
- Horizontal hunting is a sheath component (polymer B)
- 30 deg hunting is a core component (polymer A).
- the center of gravity of the core component in the fiber cross section is the center of gravity a
- the center of the fiber cross section is the center point c.
- the thickness of the sheath component A is locally thin, so that when the fiber is subjected to friction or impact, the sheath component A is thin. As a result of concentration of stress on a part, peeling may occur between the core-sheath component starting from this part.
- the distance between the center of gravity a of the core component and the center point c of the fiber cross section becomes short, and the crimping of the fiber occurs.
- the expression may be weakened. That is, in a composite fiber having an eccentric core-sheath cross section, a difference in contraction between the core component and the sheath component occurs due to heat treatment or the like, and the fiber is greatly curved to develop a three-dimensional coiled crimp. When the distance is short, the moment for bending the fiber is small, so the crimp of the fiber becomes coarse and the stretchability is impaired.
- the eccentric sheath has a thin-skin eccentric sheath cross section in which a part of the sheath component is a uniform thin skin in the cross section of the fiber. Since the fiber cross section has the characteristic arrangement of the sheath components as described above, the stress applied between the core-sheath components can be dispersed, and a large distance between the centers of gravity, which is important for the crimp characteristics, can be secured.
- the thin-skin eccentric core-sheath cross section referred to here means an eccentric core-sheath cross section that satisfies the following requirements.
- A The ratio S / D between the minimum thickness S of the component covering the core component and the fiber diameter D of the fiber is 0.01 to 0.10.
- B The peripheral length portion (S ratio) having a thickness within 1.05 times the minimum thickness S occupies 30% or more of the total peripheral length of the fiber cross section.
- FIG. 6B illustrates a cross-sectional view of a composite fiber having a thin skin eccentric core-sheath cross section.
- Horizontal hunting is a sheath component
- 30 deg hunting is a core component
- the minimum thickness of the sheath component is S.
- the fiber diameter is shown as D.
- the stretch-processed yarn is embedded as it is in a multifilament with an embedding agent such as an epoxy resin, and an image is taken of this transverse section at a magnification at which 10 or more fibers can be observed with a transmission electron microscope (TEM).
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- the metal dyeing makes it possible to clarify the contrast of the joint portion between the core component and the sheath component by utilizing the dyeing difference between the polymers.
- the value obtained by measuring the fiber diameter of the fiber by the method described above for 10 fibers randomly extracted from each captured image corresponds to the fiber diameter D of the fiber in the present invention.
- a total of 10 or more fibers including other fibers may be observed.
- the value obtained by measuring the minimum thickness of the sheath component covering the core component for 10 or more fibers using the image obtained by measuring the fiber diameter D of the fiber corresponds to the minimum thickness S in the present invention. To do. Further, the fiber diameter D and the minimum thickness S of these fibers are measured in units of ⁇ m, and S / D is calculated. With respect to 10 images obtained by photographing the above operation, a simple number average value is calculated, and a value rounded off to the third decimal place is calculated.
- the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention has good stretchability even when the fiber cross section is the thin-skin eccentric core-sheath cross section as described above, and therefore, the stress applied between the core-sheath component can be dispersed, and thus the stretch-processed yarn is excellent. Abrasion resistance is obtained.
- the abrasion resistance referred to in the present invention can be evaluated, for example, by the Martindale method shown in JIS L1096 (2010).
- a cloth sample obtained by weaving and dyeing a target fiber and a standard wear cloth are subjected to an abrasion test, and the discoloration / discoloration of the cloth sample is evaluated every 100 times of abrasion, and the degree of discoloration / discoloration is a standard scale.
- the abrasion resistance is evaluated by the same number of abrasions.
- the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention it is possible to cite as abrasion resistance of 2000 times or more as a preferable range.
- the abrasion resistance is more preferably 2500 times or more, and particularly preferably the abrasion resistance is 3000 times or more.
- the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention preferably has a toughness of a certain level or more, considering the process passability in higher-order processing and the actual use when processed into a fabric, and the strength and elongation at break of the fiber
- the degrees are preferably as follows.
- the strength of the present invention is a value obtained by calculating the load-elongation curve of the fiber under the conditions specified in JIS L1013 (2010) and dividing the load value at break by the initial fineness, and the elongation is the elongation at break. Is divided by the initial sample length.
- the initial fineness means a value obtained by calculating the weight per 10,000 m from a simple average value obtained by measuring the weight of the unit length of the fiber a plurality of times.
- the strength and elongation here are preferably adjusted by controlling the conditions of the manufacturing process described later according to the intended use, etc., but as a guideline for the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention, the strength is The preferred range is 0.5 to 10.0 cN / dtex and the elongation is 5 to 700%.
- the strength is 1.0 to 4.0 cN / dtex and the elongation is 20 to 40%. Further, in sports clothing applications where the use environment is harsh, it is preferable that the strength is 3.0 to 5.0 cN / dtex and the elongation is 10 to 40%.
- the Uster unevenness U% which is an index of the fiber diameter unevenness in the fiber longitudinal direction, that is, the fineness unevenness, is 1.5% or less.
- the Ustermura U% is more preferably 1.0% or less.
- the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention can be made into various fiber products as various intermediates such as fiber winding packages, tows, cut fibers, cotton, fiber balls, cords, piles, woven and knitted fabrics.
- Textile products here include general clothing such as jackets, skirts, pants and underwear, sports clothing, clothing materials, interior products such as carpets, sofas and curtains, vehicle interior products such as car seats, cosmetics, cosmetic masks, and wiping. It can be used for daily use such as cloths and health products, and for environmental and industrial materials such as polishing cloths, filters, toxic substance removal products, and battery separators.
- a multifilament composed of a composite fiber having an eccentric core-sheath cross section has two or more groups in the coil diameter distribution of the crimp, and the deviation of the group average value of each group. Needs to be controlled within a specific range.
- composite spinning using a composite spinneret of a distribution method described in the specifications of Japanese Patent No. 5505030 and Japanese Patent No. 5703785 is preferably used. ..
- FIGS. 12A to 12C are front cross-sectional views, only two ejection hole groups in which the first component polymer ejection holes and the second component polymer ejection holes are gathered are described.
- the number of discharge hole groups in the practice of the present invention is not limited.
- the composite spinneret used in the present invention is a composite spinneret for discharging a composite polymer stream composed of a first component polymer and a second component polymer.
- FIG. 12 comprises a measuring plate 14 having a plurality of measuring holes for measuring, one or more distributing plates 15 having distribution holes 18 for distributing each polymer component, and a discharge plate 16.
- the composite mouthpiece shown in FIG. 12A is provided with a distribution plate 15 having distribution grooves 17 as the distribution plate 15.
- Each distribution plate 15 is preferably composed of a thin plate. In FIG. 12A, two distribution plates 15 are used.
- the measuring plate 14 and the distribution plate 15, and the distribution plate 15 and the discharge plate 16 are positioned by the positioning pins so that the center positions (cores) of the spinning packs are aligned with each other, and after stacking, they may be fixed with screws or bolts.
- metal bonding may be performed by thermocompression bonding.
- the distribution plate 15 is a thin plate, it is preferable that the distribution plates 15 are bonded to each other by metal bonding (diffusion bonding) by thermocompression bonding.
- the polymer of each component supplied from the measuring plate 14 merges after passing through the distribution groove 17 and the distribution hole 18 of at least one or more laminated distribution plates 15 to form a composite polymer flow. Then, the composite polymer flow passes through the discharge introduction hole 19 and the reduction hole 20 of the discharge plate 16 and is discharged from the mouthpiece discharge hole 21.
- the purpose of this is to provide a flow path through which the polymer is transferred efficiently in the cross-sectional direction of the die and the cross-sectional direction of the fiber, and to introduce the flow path into the distribution plate 15.
- the composite polymer stream discharged from the discharge plate 16 is cooled and solidified according to a conventional melt spinning method, and then an oil agent is added thereto, and the composite polymer stream is taken up by a roller having a prescribed peripheral speed to produce the composite fiber of the present invention. ..
- the side-by-side cross section is mainly used for the production of the latent crimp developable fiber, and there are restrictions on the discharge conditions such as the single hole discharge amount that affects the viscosity of the polymer to be applied and the single fiber fineness. It had to be manufactured inside.
- a plurality of first semi-circular arrays are arranged in the lowermost layer on the downstream side of the distribution plate 15 in the polymer spinning path direction.
- the “polymer discharge path direction” in the present invention means a main direction in which each polymer component flows from the measuring plate to the mouthpiece discharge hole of the discharge plate.
- the “polymer distribution hole group” in the present invention means a polymer spinning path direction of the distribution plate 15 through which the polymer flow of each component is discharged from the distribution plate 15 toward the discharge introduction hole 19 of one hole. It refers to an assembly of distribution holes formed in the lowermost layer on the downstream side.
- a plurality of first component polymer distribution holes in a semi-circular array means the maximum number of polymer distribution hole groups such as the first component polymer distribution holes 9 in the polymer distribution hole group shown in FIG.
- an array capable of dividing the outermost circumscribing circle 11 into two equal parts and drawing a straight line 12 that allows the first component polymer distribution hole 9 to be entirely included in one of the two halves of the half circle Say.
- the term “include all in one semicircle” as used herein means a state in which the first component polymer distribution holes 9 are present inside the semicircle and on the straight line 12.
- An array in which the straight line 12 cannot be drawn is called a "circular array”.
- the second component polymer distribution holes is a semicircular array outside the circumferential portion of the plurality of first component polymer distribution holes in the semicircular array
- FIG. 11A the semicircular array is one row, but it may be any number of rows.
- Both polymer flows of the first component polymer and the second component polymer are discharged all at once from the distribution hole 18 formed in the lowermost layer on the downstream side of the distribution plate 15 in the polymer spinning path direction toward the discharge introduction hole 19. While each polymer stream widens in a direction perpendicular to the direction of the polymer spinning path, the polymer streams flow along the direction of the polymer spinning path, and both polymers join to form a composite polymer stream.
- first by arranging the plurality of second component polymer distribution holes 9 in a semicircular array so as to surround the plurality of second component polymer distribution holes 10, on the composite cross section of the composite fiber discharged from the die discharge hole.
- a distance is generated between the centers of gravity of the respective polymers, and the composite fibers can be curved toward the high shrinkage component side during heat treatment to impart crimp developability. Further, the resistance of the composite polymer flow passing through the discharge introduction hole 19 from the wall surface of the hole becomes constant, and the asymmetry of the velocity distribution in the cross-sectional direction of the composite polymer flow can be alleviated, so that the composite polymer flow is discharged from the mouthpiece discharge hole 21. When the composite polymer flow is generated, the bending toward the high-viscosity polymer side is reduced, and the ejection bending phenomenon can be suppressed.
- a tournament type flow path in which one distribution groove 17 is formed for one distribution hole 18.
- the distribution hole 18 for introducing the polymer flow to the downstream side at the end of the distribution groove 17 the abnormal retention of the polymer is eliminated, the dispersibility of the polymer is high, and the flow rate and the flow velocity are precisely controlled in a wide discharge range. While the polymer streams can join. As a result, it is possible to form a stable flow over time without causing abnormal retention while precisely controlling the flow of the polymer amount, which has been a problem at the time of polymer merging in the conventional composite spinneret.
- the discharge introduction holes 19 are formed.
- the eccentric core-sheath cross-section in which the composite cross-section of the composite fiber obtained by discharging the discharged composite polymer stream from the die discharge hole is thinly coated on the side-by-side cross section is preferable.
- the crimp developability can be expected. Further, as described above, by using a tournament method as shown in FIG. 13 for distributing each polymer in the distribution plate 15, it is possible to precisely control the flow of an extremely small amount of polymer forming the thin skin portion. Since the polymer reservoir of the conventional spinneret as in Reference 7 is not required, it is possible to form a stable flow over time without causing abnormal retention.
- the total number Ht of the second component polymer distribution holes 10 and the semicircular arrangement thereof are included.
- the second component polymer distribution holes 10 arranged in a semicircular arrangement outside the circumference of the plurality of first component polymer distribution holes 9 are arranged so that the number Ho of the second component polymer distribution holes 10 satisfies the following formula (1). Is preferred. 1/16 ⁇ Ho / Ht ⁇ 1/4 ... Equation (1)
- the second component polymer distribution holes 10 By arranging the second component polymer distribution holes 10 so as to satisfy the formula (1), it is possible to suppress the ejection bending phenomenon at the die ejection holes, and to wind the same degree as the side-by-side cross section (see FIG. 8A). It is possible to obtain a conjugate fiber that expresses the contraction-expressing property.
- Equation (1) The total number of holes Ht of the second component polymer distribution holes 10 in the polymer distribution hole group formed in the lowermost layer on the downstream side of the distribution plate 15 of the present invention in the direction of the polymer spinning path, and a plurality of semi-circular arrangements therein.
- the relationship between the number Ho of the second component polymer distribution holes 10 arranged in a semicircular arrangement outside the circumference of the first component polymer distribution hole 9 is the conjugate fiber obtained by using the composite die of the present invention. Is to determine the thickness of the thin skin portion in the composite cross section of.
- the “thickness of the thin skin portion” in the present invention means the minimum thickness of the thickness of the second component polymer covering the first component polymer as shown by the symbol “S” in FIG. 11B, for example. ..
- the thickness of the thin skin portion becomes sufficiently thin, and the distance between the center of gravity a of the first component polymer and the center c of the composite fiber cross section becomes sufficiently large. It is preferable since the obtained conjugate fiber can be provided with good crimp expression.
- the crimp developability of the obtained composite fiber can exhibit performance comparable to that of the latent crimp developable fiber having a conventional side-by-side cross section. It can be mentioned as a preferable range.
- the value of Ho / Ht is larger than 1/16.
- the composite cross section is formed by point discharge by the distribution hole group by making it larger than 1/10, the second component polymer distribution holes 10 arranged in a semicircular arrangement forming a thin skin portion are formed. A sufficient number of holes can be provided, and a uniform composite cross section without unevenness unevenness in the thin skin portion can be obtained, and therefore it can be mentioned as a more preferable range.
- a die discharge hole for discharging the composite polymer stream is formed with a hole filling density of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 holes / mm 2 or more from the viewpoint of production efficiency and production of various products. Is preferably provided.
- the "hole filling density" in the present invention means a value obtained by dividing the number of mouthpiece discharge holes in the composite mouthpiece by the mouthpiece area.
- the flow path for joining the polymer flow and the flow path for the coating film are the same. It can be processed in one flow path. Therefore, it becomes possible to increase the pore packing density, which has been a problem of the conventional technique, to the utmost limit.
- the composite die of the present invention enables a hole packing density of 1.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 holes / mm 2 or more, which cannot be achieved by the conventional composite die.
- a small amount of polymer is used for each mouthpiece discharge hole to reduce the fiber diameter of the obtained composite fiber.
- the pore filling density is 1.5 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 pores / mm 2 or more.
- the size of the distribution hole, the distribution groove, and the discharge introduction hole is too small to increase the hole packing density, the composite fiber is Since there is a concern that clogging due to foreign substances in the polymer may occur during production, and the spinnability may deteriorate, the practical upper limit is 5.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 holes / mm 2 .
- the composite mouthpiece illustrated in FIGS. 12 (a) to 12 (c) is made into a composite polymer stream through the metering plate 14 and the distribution plate 15, and this composite polymer stream is discharged from the mouthpiece discharge holes of the discharge plate 16.
- the steps from the upstream to the downstream of the composite spinneret will be sequentially described along the flow of the polymer.
- the first component polymer and the second component polymer flow into the first component polymer measuring holes 22a and the second component polymer measuring holes 22b of the measuring plate, and are measured by the hole squeezing hole provided at the lower end. Then, it is flowed into the distribution plate 15.
- each polymer is measured by the pressure loss due to the throttle provided in each measuring hole.
- the guideline for designing this throttle is that the pressure loss is 0.1 MPa or more.
- it is preferable to design the pressure loss to be 30.0 MPa or less in order to suppress the distortion of the member due to the excessive pressure loss. This pressure drop is determined by the inflow amount and viscosity of the polymer per metering hole.
- the metering hole should be narrowed if the hole diameter is 0.01 to 1.00 mm and L / D (discharge hole length / discharge hole diameter) is 0.1 to 5.0. Is possible.
- the pore diameter When the melt viscosity of the polymer is smaller than the above viscosity range or when the discharge amount of each hole is reduced, the pore diameter may be reduced so as to approach the lower limit of the above range or the hole length may be extended so as to approach the upper limit of the above range. Good. On the contrary, when the viscosity is high or the discharge amount is increased, the hole diameter and the hole length may be reversed.
- the measuring plates 14 it is preferable to stack a plurality of the measuring plates 14 to measure the amount of the polymer stepwise, and it is more preferable to provide the measuring hole in two to ten steps.
- the act of dividing the metering plate or the metering hole into a plurality of times is suitable for controlling a minute amount of polymer, which is an order of 10 ⁇ 5 g / min / hole, which is several orders of magnitude lower than the condition used in the prior art. is there.
- the polymer discharged from each of the measuring holes 22a and 22b separately flows into the distribution groove 17 of the distribution plate 15.
- a distribution groove 17 for accumulating the polymer that has flowed in from each of the metering holes 22a and 22b and a distribution hole 18 for allowing the polymer to flow downstream are formed in the lower surface of the distribution groove.
- the distribution groove 17 preferably has a plurality of distribution holes 18 of two or more.
- the distribution plate 15 may be a tournament type flow path in which one distribution groove is formed for one distribution hole 18 as shown in FIG. It may be a tournament type flow path which constitutes a distribution groove and in which a part of each polymer is repeatedly joined and distributed. If this is designed as a flow path design that repeats a plurality of distribution holes 18-distribution grooves 17-a plurality of distribution holes 18, the polymer flow can flow into other distribution holes. Therefore, even if the distribution hole 18 is partially closed, the part that is missing in the downstream distribution groove 17 is filled. Further, a plurality of distribution holes 18 are bored in the same distribution groove 17, and by repeating this, even if the polymer in the closed distribution hole 18 flows into another hole, there is substantially no effect. ..
- the polymers that have passed through various flow paths, that is, have undergone thermal history are merged a plurality of times in the distribution groove 17 to homogenize the viscosity, it is also great in suppressing the viscosity variation.
- maintaining the dimensional stability of the composite cross section at a high level leads to the stability of the yarn making, and therefore it is effective to consider the heat history and the viscosity variation.
- the downstream distribution groove is arranged at an angle of 1 to 179 ° in the circumferential direction with respect to the upstream distribution groove.
- the structure is such that the polymers flowing from different distribution grooves are merged, the polymers having different thermal histories are merged a plurality of times, which is effective for controlling the composite cross section.
- the composite spinneret having such a structure forms a stable flow over time without causing abnormal retention while precisely controlling the flow of an extremely small amount of polymer as described above, It becomes possible to manufacture a composite fiber capable of maintaining the dimensional stability of the composite cross section required for the present invention at a high level regardless of the discharge range.
- the cross-sectional shape of the composite fiber can be controlled by the arrangement of the distribution holes formed in the lowermost layer on the downstream side of the distribution plate 15 immediately above the discharge plate 16 in the polymer spinning path direction.
- the first component polymer and the second component polymer are distributed in an extremely large number in the lowermost layer on the downstream side of the distribution plate 15 immediately above the discharge plate 16 in the polymer spinning path direction.
- the amount of discharge for each distribution hole is extremely small.
- the pressure loss applied to the distribution holes becomes extremely small at the level of 10 ⁇ 2 to 10 ⁇ 5 MPa, so that the polymer flow discharged from each distribution hole can easily be interfered by other polymer flows. Therefore, in order to suppress the interference between the polymers, the hole diameters of the first component polymer distribution holes 9 and the second component polymer distribution holes 10 are adjusted to control the discharge speed of the polymer stream discharged from each distribution hole. Is preferred.
- the ratio (F 1 / F 2 or F 1 / F 2 ) is preferably from 0.05 to 20, and more preferably from 0.1 to 10.
- the polymers discharged from the distribution holes formed in the lowermost layer on the downstream side of the distribution plate 15 immediately above the discharge plate 16 in the polymer spinning path direction do not interfere with each other and the composite polymer flow is a laminar flow.
- the cross-sectional shape is stable and the shape can be maintained with high accuracy.
- the melt viscosity of the first component polymer V 1 and the melt viscosity V 2 of the second component polymer is preferably 1.1 to 15.0.
- melt viscosity in the present invention refers to a melt viscosity of a chip-shaped polymer which can be measured by a capillary rheometer with a moisture content of 200 ppm or less by a vacuum dryer, and a melt viscosity at the same shear rate at a spinning temperature.
- the cross-sectional morphology of the conjugate fiber is basically controlled by the arrangement of the distribution holes, but after each polymer merges to form a composite polymer flow, it is significantly reduced in the cross-sectional direction by the reduction holes 20. Become. Therefore, the melt viscosity ratio at that time, that is, the rigidity ratio of the molten polymer may affect the formation of the cross section. Therefore, in the present invention, it is more preferable that V 1 / V 2 is 2.0 to 12.0.
- the rigidity of the polymer is high in the first component polymer, which is a high shrinkage component, and low in the second component polymer, which is a low shrinkage component, so that stress is not generated in the elongation deformation in the yarn making process or the high-order processing process. It is given preferentially to the first component polymer which is a high shrinkage component. Therefore, the high shrinkage component becomes highly oriented and the difference in shrinkage expands, whereby a higher degree of crimp can be expressed, which is also suitable from the viewpoint of crimp expression of the composite fiber.
- V 1 / V 2 is 2.0 to 8.0.
- melt viscosity of the above-mentioned polymers even in the case of the same kind of polymer, it can be controlled relatively freely by adjusting the molecular weight and the copolymerization component. It is used as a setting index.
- the composite polymer flow discharged from the distribution plate 15 flows into the discharge plate 16.
- the discharge plate 16 is preferably provided with a discharge introducing hole 19.
- the discharge introduction hole 19 is for allowing the composite polymer flow discharged from the distribution plate 15 to flow perpendicularly to the discharge surface for a certain distance. This is intended to reduce the flow velocity difference between the first component polymer and the second component polymer and to reduce the flow velocity distribution in the cross-sectional direction of the composite polymer flow.
- the distribution of the flow velocity is sufficiently relaxed, and it is effective in improving the stability of the cross section.
- the composite polymer flow is reduced in the cross-sectional direction along the polymer flow by the reduction holes 20 while being introduced into the discharge hole having a desired diameter.
- the streamline of the middle layer of the composite polymer flow is substantially linear, but it will be greatly bent as it approaches the outer layer.
- the composite polymer flow passes through the discharge introduction hole 19 and the contraction hole 20 and is discharged from the spinneret discharge hole 21 to the spinning line while maintaining the sectional shape as the arrangement of the distribution hole 18.
- the hole diameter and the hole length of the die discharge hole 21 are preferably determined in consideration of the viscosity of the polymer and the discharge amount.
- the discharge hole diameter D may be selected in the range of 0.1 to 2.0 mm, and L / D (discharge hole length / discharge hole diameter) may be selected in the range of 0.1 to 5.0. It is suitable.
- the composite fiber of the present invention can be manufactured using the above-described composite spinneret, and in view of productivity and simplicity of equipment, melt spinning is preferable.
- melt spinning for example, polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polypropylene, polyolefin, polycarbonate, polyacrylate, polyamide, polylactic acid
- melt moldable polymers such as thermoplastic polyurethane and polyphenylene sulfide, and copolymers thereof.
- the polymer contains various additives such as inorganic substances such as titanium oxide, silica and barium oxide, carbon black, colorants such as dyes and pigments, flame retardants, optical brighteners, antioxidants, and ultraviolet absorbers. You can leave.
- the combination of the first component polymer (high shrinkage component) and the second component polymer (low shrinkage component) is preferably a combination of polymers that produce a difference in shrinkage when subjected to heat treatment. From this point of view, a combination of polymers having a difference in molecular weight or composition to the extent that a viscosity difference of 10 Pa ⁇ s or more is produced in melt viscosity is preferable.
- polyethylene terephthalate, polyethylene naphthalate, polybutylene terephthalate, polytrimethylene terephthalate, polyamide, polylactic acid, thermoplastic polyurethane, polyphenylene sulfide are used as the first component polymer and the second component polymer to change the molecular weight. It is preferable that one is used as a homopolymer and the other is used as a copolymer, from the viewpoint of suppressing peeling. Further, from the viewpoint of improving the crimp developability, a combination having different polymer compositions is preferable.
- the first component polymer / the second component polymer for example, as a polyester system, polybutylene terephthalate / polyethylene terephthalate / polytrimethylene terephthalate / Polyethylene terephthalate, thermoplastic polyurethane / polyethylene terephthalate, polyester elastomer / polyethylene terephthalate, polyester elastomer / polybutylene terephthalate, polyamide type nylon 6-nylon 66 copolymer / nylon 6 or 610, PEG copolymer nylon 6 / nylon 6 Or 610, thermoplastic polyurethane / nylon 6 or 610, polyolefin-based ethylene-propylene rubber finely dispersed polypropylene
- polyester type and polyamide type not only makes it possible to develop a fine condensed form, but also improves
- the spinning temperature in the production method of the present invention is preferably a temperature at which a polymer having a high melting point or a high viscosity among the polymers used determined from the viewpoint described above exhibits fluidity.
- the temperature at which the fluidity is exhibited varies depending on the polymer characteristics and its molecular weight, but the melting point of the polymer serves as a guide, and may be set at the melting point + 60 ° C. or lower. When the temperature is lower than this, the polymer is not thermally decomposed in the spinning head or the spinning pack, the decrease in the molecular weight is suppressed, and the conjugate fiber can be satisfactorily produced.
- the amount of polymer discharged in the production method of the present invention can be 0.1 g / min / hole to 20.0 g / min / hole per discharge hole as a range in which melt discharge can be performed while maintaining stability. At this time, it is preferable to consider the pressure loss in the discharge hole that can ensure the stability of discharge.
- the pressure loss referred to here is preferably determined from the range of the discharge amount based on the relationship between the melt viscosity of the polymer, the discharge hole diameter, and the discharge hole length, with 0.1 MPa to 40 MPa as a guide.
- the ratio of the first component polymer and the second component polymer is preferably selected within the range of 30/70 to 70/30 by weight ratio based on the discharge amount. .. Within this range, the long-term stability of the composite cross section and the composite fiber can be efficiently manufactured with good balance while maintaining the stability. Furthermore, 40/60 to 60/40 is more preferable as a range in which the distance between the center of gravity a and the center point c is sufficiently large and good crimp developability can be realized.
- the polymer flow melted and discharged from the discharge hole is cooled and solidified, and is focused by applying an oil agent, etc., and is taken up by a roller whose peripheral speed is regulated.
- this take-up speed is determined from the discharge amount and the target fiber diameter.
- the take-up speed of the roller may be about 500 to 6000 m / min, and can be changed depending on the physical properties of the polymer and the purpose of use of the fiber.
- the spun composite fiber not only improves the mechanical properties by promoting uniaxial orientation of the fiber, but also expands the heat shrinkage difference caused by the stress difference during stretching and the orientation difference during stretching between the composite polymers to improve the winding property. Stretching is preferable from the viewpoint that shrinkage can be obtained.
- the spun composite fiber may be once wound and then stretched, or may be wound and then spun and then stretched. In addition to drawing, false twisting may be added.
- a first roller set to a temperature not lower than the glass transition temperature and not higher than the melting point as long as it is a fiber composed of a polymer showing thermoplasticity which is generally melt-spinnable.
- the fiber is naturally stretched in the fiber axis direction, heat set, and wound.
- the dynamic viscoelasticity measurement (tan ⁇ ) of the conjugate fiber may be carried out, and the temperature above the peak temperature on the high temperature side of tan ⁇ obtained may be selected as the preheating temperature.
- the conjugate fiber is produced by the above production method, as shown in FIG. 6 (b), a thin-skin eccentric core-sheath cross-section fiber having a uniform thin skin in which a part of the fiber cross section is composed of a sheath component is obtained.
- the cross-sectional form more preferable for use in the present invention can be mentioned.
- the fiber cross-section has a minimum thickness S of the component covering the core component and a ratio S / D of the fiber diameter D of 0.01 to 0.10.
- the peripheral length portion (S ratio) having a thickness within 1.05 times of S occupies 30% or more of the total peripheral length of the fiber cross section.
- the distance between the centers of gravity of the components can be changed for each fiber.
- the fibers having a large coil diameter partially follow the extension deformation of the fibers having a small coil diameter.
- a method of changing the fiber diameter for each fiber of the thin-skin eccentric core-sheath cross-section fiber, or a temporary change to the thin-skin eccentric core-sheath cross-section fiber A twisting method is preferably used.
- the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention is obtained by a method of changing the fiber diameter for each fiber of the eccentric core-sheath cross-section fiber, "two or more kinds of eccentric core-sheath composite fibers having different fiber diameters are mixed in the multifilament. It is preferable.
- the state in which two or more kinds of eccentric core / sheath composite fibers having different fiber diameters are mixed in the multifilament as referred to in the present invention means that when all single fibers are evaluated with the fiber diameter of the yarn bundle cross-section described above.
- two fiber diameter distributions (5 -(A), 5- (c)).
- the single fiber group having a fiber diameter within the range (distribution width) of each distribution is defined as "one type", and the fiber diameter distribution is shown in Fig. 5 in the measurement result of all the fibers constituting the latent crimped yarn.
- the distribution width (5- (e), 5- (f)) of the fiber diameter here means the central fiber diameter (5- (b), It means a range of ⁇ 5% of 5- (d)).
- the eccentric core-sheath composite fiber used in the present invention is crimp-developed by heat treatment or the like, a plurality of crimps having different coil diameters are mixed in the multifilament because the crimp form depends on the fiber diameter. Will be done. That is, it is preferable that the ratio (Dmax / Dmin) of the maximum value (Dmax) and the minimum value (Dmin) of the central fiber diameter of the fibers forming the multifilament is 1.20 or more.
- the fiber diameter and the central fiber diameter ratio (Dmax / Dmin) mentioned here can be obtained as follows.
- the latent crimped yarn is embedded with an embedding agent such as an epoxy resin, and its cross section is observed with a scanning electron microscope (SEM) (for example, a scanning electron microscope manufactured by KEYENCE CORPORATION, model number "VE-7800"). Images are taken for all single fibers at a magnification that allows observation of 10 or more single fibers.
- the cross-sectional area Af of the single fiber was measured using image analysis software (for example, "WinROOF2015” manufactured by Mitani Corporation), and the diameter of a perfect circle having the same area as this cross-sectional area Af.
- Dmax / Dmin is 1.20 or more, it is possible to form a multifilament in which fibers having a large coil diameter are partially entangled with fibers having a small coil diameter, which is the object of the present invention. It is possible to obtain a stretch-processed yarn in which a fiber having a large coil diameter partly follows the stretching deformation of the above-mentioned process. Further, when Dmax / Dmin was 1.30 to 2.00, crimping phase shift occurred between the fibers, the elongation-stress curve of the multifilament did not become a stepwise deformation, and had good elongation energy. Since it is possible to obtain a stretch-processed yarn, it can be mentioned as a more preferable range.
- the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention is obtained by a method of false twisting a thin-skin eccentric core-sheath cross-section fiber, it is possible to easily change the size of the actual crimp to be applied depending on the processing conditions. If the processing conditions are determined according to the size, it is possible to control to a specific coil diameter distribution which is a requirement of the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention.
- the stretch-processed yarn obtained by false twisting the crimp size in the longitudinal direction of the fiber is not uniform, and latent / exposed crimps randomly exist, so that the fibers do not converge for each crimp size. .. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the separation of the multifilaments as seen in the stretch-processed yarn produced by the post-mixing fiber and the like, and the handleability and the process passability in the higher-order process are excellent, so that the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention is of good quality. Can be obtained.
- the false twist number T (unit is times / m), which is the number of twists of the multifilament in the twisting region, is determined according to the total fineness Df (unit is dtex) of the multifilament after false twisting. It is preferable to set false twisting conditions such as the rotation speed and processing speed of the twisting mechanism so as to satisfy the following conditions. 20000 / Df 0.5 ⁇ T ⁇ 40000 / Df 0.5
- the multifilament running in the twisting region of the false twist process is sampled at a length of 50 cm or more immediately before the twister so as not to untwist.
- the false twist number is obtained by attaching the collected yarn sample to a twisting machine so as not to untwist and measuring the actual twist number by the method described in JIS 1013 (2010) 8.13.
- the obtained multifilament can finely control the coil diameter of the actual crimp and can achieve the characteristic coil diameter distribution of the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention.
- the draw ratio in the twisting region may be adjusted.
- the draw ratio here is calculated as Vd / V0 by using the peripheral speed V0 of the roller that supplies the yarn in the twisting region and the peripheral speed Vd of the roller installed immediately after the twisting mechanism. It is preferable to determine it according to the characteristics of the yarn to be used.
- Vd / V0 When the drawn eccentric core-sheath fiber is used, Vd / V0 may be 0.9 to 1.4 times, and when the unstretched eccentric core-sheath fiber is used as the supply yarn. May be drawn at the same time as the false twisting with Vd / V0 set to 1.2 to 2.0 times. By setting the draw ratio in such a range, it is possible to impart uniform crimp to the entire fibers in the multifilament without causing overtension in the twisting region or causing slack in the multifilament.
- the false twist temperature is preferably determined in the range of Tg + 50 to Tg + 150 ° C. with reference to the glass transition temperature (Tg) of the sheath component polymer.
- the false twist temperature here means the temperature of the heater installed in the twisting region.
- the Tg of the sheath component referred to herein is measured by performing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) on the polymer chip used for the sheath component.
- DSC differential scanning calorimetry
- the one-heater method in which the heater is arranged only in the twisting region is used. It is preferable to use.
- the coil diameter of the actual crimp of the multifilament is within a suitable range where the effect of the present invention can be expressed with respect to the coil diameter of the latent crimp.
- the high-quality stretchable yarn of the present invention can be manufactured.
- the method for producing the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention has been described based on the general melt spinning method, but it goes without saying that it can also be produced by the melt blow method and the spun bond method. It is also possible to manufacture it by a solution spinning method such as.
- the fibers were separated from the multifilament so as not to be plastically deformed, adjusted so that the distance between the markings that had been put beforehand was the original 3 cm, and fixed on a slide glass.
- This sample was manufactured by Keyence Corp., VHX- An image was taken with a 2000 digital microscope at a magnification that allows 5 to 10 crimp peaks to be observed. In each of the taken images, the coil diameter was measured to the first decimal place with the unit of ⁇ m. The same operation was randomly performed on different fibers constituting the multifilament, and by repeating this, the coil diameter was measured so that the total number of data was 100.
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- Fabric evaluation (motion followability, adhesion) Using stretch-processed yarns for the weft and warp yarns, a plain weave fabric was made at a weft density of 90 yarns / inch, smelted at 80 ° C for 20 minutes, then intermediate set at 180 ° C for 1 minute, then at 120 ° C. 20 minutes of relaxation treatment was performed.
- the fabric sample produced above was evaluated by 10 skilled workers in terms of the movement followability when the fabric was deformed, based on the stretch when stretched in the weft direction and the resistance when stretched, and evaluated in the following three stages. did. Further, the adhesion to the skin was evaluated by the following three grades in the rubbing between the skin and the cloth when the cloth was stretched.
- the term "including all on one side of the semicircle” as used herein means a state in which the first component polymer distribution holes are present inside the semicircle or on a straight line.
- the array in which an arbitrary straight line cannot be drawn was a circular array.
- the number Ho of polymer distribution holes was evaluated.
- the outermost circumscribed circle of the polymer distribution hole group is divided into two equal parts, and the first component polymer distribution hole can be included in one half of the divided half circle.
- the number of the second component polymer distribution holes is divided into semicircles, and the number of second component polymer distribution holes on an arbitrary curve parallel to the circumferential direction of the semicircle in which the first component polymer distribution holes are included is arranged in a semicircular arrangement.
- the number Ho of the second component polymer distribution holes arranged semicircularly outside the circumference of the plurality of first component polymer distribution holes was set. Further, Ho / Ht was calculated by dividing Ho by the total number Ht of the second component polymer distribution holes in the polymer distribution hole group.
- Crimping expression property Crimping expression was performed based on the stretching elongation ratio (JIS L1013 (2010) item 8.11 method C (convenient method)) of the obtained composite fiber after performing the yarn production for Examples 12 to 20 and Comparative examples 4 to 9. The sex was evaluated according to the following three grades. Very good A: 60% or more, good B: 40% or more, less than 60%, bad C: less than 40%
- Example 1 Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT) having a melt viscosity of 160 Pa ⁇ s was used as the core component of the fibers constituting the stretch-processed yarn, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET1) having a melt viscosity of 30 Pa ⁇ s was used as the sheath component. After melting these polymers individually, they were weighed by a pump so that the core / sheath discharge ratio was 50/50, and the same distribution plate having the distribution holes illustrated in FIG. 11A was incorporated. The mixture was separately poured into a spinning pack, the spinning temperature was set to 280 ° C., and the mixture was discharged from a spinneret having 72 holes.
- PBT polybutylene terephthalate
- PET1 polyethylene terephthalate
- Example 1 When the distribution plate used in Example 1 is made into fibers, a part of the polymer of the sheath component B that covers the core component A forms a uniform thin skin, and is a composite that satisfies the requirements of the thin skin eccentric core-sheath cross section referred to in the present invention. A cross section (FIG. 6B) is formed.
- the fiber cross section of the drawn yarn was precisely controlled, so there was no defect such as fluff or whitening due to peeling between the core / sheath components in the false twisting process, and the yarn quality and process passability were good. Was excellent.
- the obtained stretch-processed yarn had strength of 3.5 cN / dtex and elongation of 28%, which had sufficient mechanical properties to withstand practical use, and the average fiber diameter was 7.5 ⁇ m.
- the group average values were 85.3 ⁇ m and 159.7 ⁇ m, respectively, and the maximum group average value and the minimum group average value were obtained.
- the ratio of the values was 1.87.
- the ratio of the fibers contained in the group having the smallest group average value of the coil diameter was 51%.
- the stretch-processed yarn of Example 1 is a mixture of crimps of which the sizes are preferably different, and the extension-stress curve of the stretch-processed yarn of Example 1 is shown by the solid line 3- (b) in FIG.
- the elongation energy shows a high value of 3.9 ⁇ J / dtex and has a suitable elongation resistance.
- the stretch-processed yarn of Example 1 When the stretch-processed yarn of Example 1 is used as the cloth and subjected to the relaxation treatment, it exhibits excellent stretchability, but also has an appropriate stretch resistance from the low stretch region, so that it is excellent in holdability and follows the movement. It was excellent in performance (motion followability: A). Further, since the average fiber diameter of the stretch-processed yarn was small, the friction between the skin and the cloth during stretching was small, and the adhesion to the skin was excellent. (Adhesion: A) In addition, the fabric made of the stretch-processed yarn of Example 1 has a soft texture and has a comfortable motion following property, but has a wear resistance of 3,000 times according to the Martindale method, which is suitable for use in a harsh environment. It also had good wear resistance to withstand. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Examples 2 and 3 In Examples 2 and 3, a drawn yarn was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1, and the number of false twists was set to 3500 T / m and 2500 T / m, respectively, by changing the rotation number of the friction disk in the false twist process. Was subjected to false twisting under the same conditions as in Example 1 to obtain a stretch-processed yarn of the present invention.
- the fiber cross section of the drawn yarn was controlled to be a thin skin eccentric core-sheath cross section satisfying the requirements of the present invention. It was excellent in yarn quality and processing passability without defects such as whitening and whitening.
- Example 4 and 5 stretchable yarns of the present invention were obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the draw ratios in the false twisting step were 1.1 and 0.9, respectively.
- the tension in the twisting region was changed and the frictional force received from the friction disc was changed, the fiber cross section of the drawn yarn was precisely controlled. It was excellent in yarn quality and processing passability without defects such as whitening and whitening.
- the extension-stress curve of the stretch-processed yarn of Example 4 the low stress region corresponding to the extension of the small coil diameter was reduced, so the extension energy was 1.8 ⁇ J / dtex, and when the fabric was stretched, Although it felt a little taut, it was excellent in followability of the conventional operation and was at a level without any problem. Since the stretch-processed yarn of Example 5 has a low draw ratio, the tension in the twisting region is low, and the actual crimp is easily applied. Therefore, the actual crimp is uniformly present in the entire multifilament, and the minimum group average value is The percentage of crimps contained in the central group increased.
- Example 6 In Example 6, a distribution plate having the same distribution holes as in Example 1 was used, and a die having 24 discharge holes was used. 56dtex-24 filament was obtained by discharging the polymer constituting the stretch-processed yarn, the core / sheath discharge ratio, and the spinning temperature in the same manner as in Example 1 and stretching under the same stretching and winding conditions as in Example 1. The drawn yarn of was obtained. The obtained drawn yarn was subjected to false twisting under the same processing speed, draw ratio, and heater temperature conditions as in Example 1, under the condition that the rotation number of the friction disk was adjusted so that the false twisting number was 3000 T / m. By carrying out, the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention was obtained.
- Example 6 In the drawn yarn obtained in Example 6, as the fiber diameter increased, the absolute value of the thin skin thickness increased in the fiber cross section and the abrasion resistance was improved. There were no defects such as fluff and whitening, and the yarn quality and process passability were particularly excellent.
- the stretch-processed yarn of Example 6 has an average fiber diameter of 15.0 ⁇ m, and when the crimped form of the fiber is observed, the group average values of the coil diameter distribution are 137.0 ⁇ m and 344.0 ⁇ m, respectively 2 Two groups were seen. As the average diameter of the fibers increased, the coil diameter of the latent / exposed crimps also increased, and the moment for the fibers to develop the crimp structure also increased. In particular, it exhibited a high stress at low elongation (elongation energy: 2.5 ⁇ J / dtex). The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 7 In Example 7, a distribution plate having the same distribution holes as in Example 1 was used, and a die having 18 discharge holes was used. 56dtex-18 filament was obtained by discharging the polymer constituting the stretch-processed yarn, the core / sheath discharge ratio, and the spinning temperature in the same manner as in Example 1 and stretching under the same stretching and winding conditions as in Example 1. The drawn yarn of was obtained. The obtained drawn yarn was subjected to false twisting under the same processing speed, draw ratio, and heater temperature conditions as in Example 1, under the condition that the rotation number of the friction disk was adjusted so that the false twisting number was 3000 T / m. Stretch processed yarn was obtained by carrying out. (56dex-18 filament, maximum-minimum group average value ratio 2.62)
- the stretch-processed yarn of Example 7 has an average fiber diameter of 18.5 ⁇ m.
- the group average values of the coil diameter distribution are 163.7 ⁇ m and 429.4 ⁇ m, respectively 2 Two groups were seen.
- the elongation-stress curve of the stretch-processed yarn of Example 7 is the same as that of the present invention when the elongation is low, due to an increase in the latent / exposed crimp coil diameter and an increase in the moment at which the fiber develops a crimped structure as the average diameter of the fiber increases. Although it did not impair the effect of 1., it exhibited extremely high stress (elongation energy: 1.9 ⁇ J / dtex).
- Example 7 When the stretch-processed yarn of Example 7 is used as a cloth, the adhesiveness is inferior to that of Example 1, but when stretched, a high holding resistance is obtained due to high stretching resistance, impairing the effect of the present invention. It has a suitable pressure to the extent that it does not exist. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 8 and 9 In Examples 8 and 9, the polymer was changed as shown in Table 1, and the same die as in Example 1 was used for discharging.
- Example 8 the multifilament was wound around a roller heated at 60 ° C. at a speed of 1000 m / min, and then stretched with a roller heated at 150 ° C. at a speed of 3400 m / min to obtain 56 dtex- A 72 filament drawn yarn was obtained.
- the obtained drawn yarn was subjected to false twisting under the same processing speed, draw ratio, and heater temperature conditions as in Example 1, under the condition that the rotation number of the friction disk was adjusted so that the false twisting number was 3000 T / m.
- the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention was obtained.
- Example 9 the discharged composite polymer stream was wrapped around a roller heated at 80 ° C. at a speed of 1000 m / min, and then stretched with a roller heated at 150 ° C. at a speed of 3000 m / min. This was performed to obtain a drawn yarn of 56 dtex-72 filament.
- the obtained drawn yarn has the same processing speed and draw ratio as in Example 1, the heater temperature is set to 200 ° C., and the rotation number of the friction disk is adjusted so that the false twist number is 3000 T / m. By performing false twisting, the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention was obtained.
- Example 8 although the shape of the fiber cross section was slightly changed due to the change of the polymer, the fiber cross section was controlled to the thin skin eccentric core-sheath cross section referred to in the present invention. There were no defects such as fluff and whitening due to peeling between the sheath components, and the yarn quality and process passability were excellent.
- Example 8 since PPT that highly shrinks when the core component is heat-treated is used, a fine latent crimp is obtained, and the ratio of the maximum-minimum group average value in the coil diameter distribution is reduced, but It had a fine crimp.
- the stretch-stress curve of the stretch-processed yarn of Example 8 is a characteristic that stretches very well at low stress, and the stretch energy is 4.0 ⁇ m / dtex. It was excellent. When it was made into a fabric and stretched, it had a soft stretch resistance to the extent that the effects of the present invention were not impaired, and was particularly excellent in stretchability.
- the use of PET2 (melt viscosity 290 Pa ⁇ s) as the core component increased the Young's modulus of the yarn and increased the elongation resistance of the crimp.
- Example 10 when a fiber is formed, the fiber cross section has a thin skin eccentric core-sheath cross section and the thin skin has a distribution hole that forms a thin skin in each of the distribution holes (0.04 and 0.09) (Fig. A distribution plate having two kinds of distribution hole groups in which the number of distribution holes existing on the curve 13 of 11 (a) was changed was used. In addition, the number of discharge holes formed by each distribution hole group is 36 holes.
- FIG. 7 shows the discharge hole arrangement in the discharge plate 16 of the die used in Example 10.
- the discharge hole group (7- (a)) corresponds to the distribution hole group having a thin skin thickness of 0.04.
- a discharge hole group (7- (b)) corresponding to a distribution hole group having a thin skin thickness of 0.09 is arranged alternately in a staggered lattice hole arrangement.
- Example 10 spinning, drawing and false twisting were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above distribution plate was used to obtain a stretch-processed yarn of the present invention.
- Example 10 Although the thin skin thickness of the constituent fibers was changed, both were controlled to the thin skin eccentric core-sheath cross section referred to in the present invention. There were no defects such as whitening, and the yarn quality and process passability were excellent.
- Example 11 In Example 11, 36 holes of 0.18 mm and 0.23 mm of discharge holes were formed so that the fiber diameters would be 7.0 ⁇ m and 11.0 ⁇ m, respectively. Then, a die in which a small-diameter discharge hole corresponding to the fine fiber diameter and a large-diameter discharge hole corresponding to the thick fiber diameter are arranged is used.
- FIG. 7 shows the discharge hole arrangement in the discharge plate 16 of the die used in Example 11.
- the discharge hole group (7- (a)) having a hole diameter of 0.18 mm and the discharge hole having a hole diameter of 0.23 mm are shown.
- a die having a staggered lattice hole arrangement in which groups (7- (b)) were alternately arranged was used.
- spinning and drawing were performed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the above composite spinneret was used, and false twisting was not performed to obtain a stretch-processed yarn of the present invention.
- Comparative Example 1 In Comparative Example 1, after producing a drawn yarn (56 dtex-72 filaments) in the same manner as in Example 1, the actual twist number in the twisting region was 5500 T / m (the false twist number was 40,000 / Df 0.5 or more). The false twisting process was carried out under the condition that (56dex-72 filament, maximum-minimum group average value ratio 3.00) In the stretch-processed yarn of Comparative Example 1, the maximum-minimum coil diameter ratio is larger than that of the stretch-processed yarn of the present invention. Therefore, the stretch-stress curve of the stretch-processed yarn of Comparative Example 1 shows stepwise deformation, There was a sudden rise.
- Comparative example 2 In Comparative Example 2, spinning / drawing was performed under the same conditions as in Example 1, and false twisting was not performed to obtain a stretch-processed yarn of 56 dtex-72 filament. In the stretch-processed yarn of Comparative Example 2, only one group due to the latent crimp was found in the coil diameter distribution, and the elongation-stress curve had a monotonous profile as shown by the dotted line 3- (a) in FIG. ... For this reason, when a fabric is used, it has good stretchability, but lacks a resistance feeling at low stretch, and when the fabric is stretched, it has a good hold in a wide range from a low stretch region to a high stretch region. It was inferior to Example 1 from the viewpoint of feeling and motion followability. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 3 polyethylene terephthalate (PET3) having a melt viscosity of 120 Pa ⁇ s is melted, discharged from a die having a 72-hole discharge hole, spun, and drawn to form a PET single yarn of 56 dtex-72 filament. Got This was subjected to false twisting under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that the heater temperature was set to 200 ° C. to obtain a stretch processed yarn.
- PET3 polyethylene terephthalate
- Example 12 Polybutylene terephthalate (PBT melt viscosity: 112 Pa ⁇ s) was prepared as the first component polymer, and polyethylene terephthalate (PET melt viscosity: 39 Pa ⁇ s) was prepared as the second component polymer. Both the first component polymer and the second component polymer were melted at 260 ° C. and 280 ° C. using an extruder, respectively, so that the area ratio in the fiber cross section of the first component polymer and the second component polymer was 50/50. In addition, the spinning temperature was set to 280 ° C., measurement was performed by a pump, and the mixture was flown into the composite spinneret of this embodiment shown in FIGS.
- PBT melt viscosity: 112 Pa ⁇ s was prepared as the first component polymer
- PET melt viscosity: 39 Pa ⁇ s was prepared as the second component polymer. Both the first component polymer and the second component polymer were melted at 260 ° C. and 280
- the hole packing density was 1.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 holes.
- the inflowing polymer was discharged at 0.35 g / min / hole from the discharge hole arranged at a rate of / 5 mm 2 .
- FIG. A polymer distribution hole group surrounded by two-component polymer distribution holes is formed, and 8 holes out of the 64 second component polymer distribution holes in the polymer distribution hole group are divided into a plurality of first-component polymer distributions in a semicircular arrangement. Distributing plates arranged in a semicircular array outside the circumference of the holes were used.
- the discharge bend angle of the composite polymer flow discharged from the discharge hole is 36 °, which has extremely good discharge stability.
- 56 dtex-48 filament (single fiber fineness 1.2 dtex) composite fiber was obtained through the spinning / drawing process.
- the number of yarn breakages in this spinning / drawing process was 0.3 times / 10 million m, which was a very good yarn-forming stability.
- the composite cross section of the obtained composite fiber is an eccentric core-sheath cross section in which the first component polymer is the core and the second component polymer is the sheath, as shown in FIG. 11 (b), and the thin skin portion has a thickness ratio of 4%. While being sufficiently thin, the thickness variation of the thin skin portion was 10%, which had a high dimensional stability of the composite cross section. In addition, the expansion / contraction elongation ratio of the composite fiber was 65%, and it had a very good crimp developability. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 5 The polymer flow is caused to flow into a conventional composite spinneret used when spinning a composite fiber having an eccentric core-sheath cross section as shown in FIG. 10 (b), and the hole packing density is 6.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 which is a processing limit.
- a 56 dtex-48 filament composite fiber was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the inflowing polymer was discharged at 0.35 g / min / hole from the discharge holes arranged at holes / mm 2 .
- Example 13 Regarding the distribution plate of the spinneret for composite spinning, 6 of the 64 second component polymer distribution holes in the polymer distribution hole group formed in the lowermost layer on the downstream side in the direction of the polymer spinning path (Example 13), 4 holes 56dtex-48 according to Example 12 except that (Example 14) uses a distributor plate arranged in a semicircular arrangement outside the circumference of a plurality of first component polymer distribution holes in a semicircular arrangement. A filament composite fiber was obtained.
- Example 15 Regarding the distribution plate of the spinneret for composite spinning, 12 holes out of the second component polymer distribution holes of 64 holes in the polymer distribution hole group formed in the lowermost layer on the downstream side in the polymer spinning path direction (Example 15), 16 holes 56dtex-48 according to Example 12 except that (Example 16) uses a distributor plate arranged in a semicircular arrangement outside the circumference of the plurality of first component polymer distribution holes in a semicircular arrangement. A filament composite fiber was obtained. The obtained conjugate fiber was discharged from the discharge holes because the thickness of the thin skin portion increased as compared with Example 12 as the number of second component polymer distribution holes arranged in the semicircular arrangement increased. The discharge curve of the composite polymer flow was small. In addition, the spinning of the polymer stream during spinning and the breakage of the yarn due to contact with the spinneret surface were hardly caused. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 17 A 56 dtex-72 filament composite fiber according to Example 12 except that the inflowing polymer was discharged at 0.23 g / min / hole from the discharge holes arranged at a hole packing density of 1.8 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 holes / mm 2.
- the obtained composite fiber has a reduced monofilament fineness, the rigidity of the yarn is lowered, and thus the fabric using the composite fiber is excellent in texture while having a good stretch.
- Table 4 The results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 8 The polymer flow is caused to flow into a conventional composite spinneret used when spinning a composite fiber having an eccentric core-sheath cross section as shown in FIG. 10 (b), and the hole packing density is 6.1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 3 which is a processing limit.
- a 56 dtex-72 filament composite fiber was obtained in the same manner as in Example 12 except that the inflowing polymer was discharged at 0.23 g / min / hole from the discharge holes arranged at holes / mm 2 .
- Example 18 A 56 dtex-48 filament composite fiber was obtained in accordance with Example 12 except that the first component polymer was polybutylene terephthalate (PBT melt viscosity: 218 Pa ⁇ s).
- the first component polymer which is a highly shrinkable component, was highly oriented, and the difference in shrinkage was increased, resulting in more crimping. It was fine and had a good crimp developability as compared with Example 12. The results are shown in Table 4.
- the first component polymer is polybutylene terephthalate (PBT melt viscosity: 218 Pa ⁇ s), and the polymer flow flows into a conventional composite spinneret used for spinning a composite fiber having a side-by-side cross section as shown in FIG. 8 (b). And spinning was carried out in accordance with Example 12 except that the inflowing polymer was discharged at 0.35 g / min / hole from the discharge holes arranged at the hole filling density of 1.2 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 2 holes / mm 2 which is the processing limit.
- PBT melt viscosity 218 Pa ⁇ s
- Example 19 A 56 dtex-48 filament composite fiber was obtained in accordance with Example 12 except that the first component polymer was polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT melt viscosity: 109 Pa ⁇ s).
- the obtained conjugate fiber has good crimp expression under load because the first component polymer was changed from PBT to PTT, and high stretchability can be obtained when it is made into a fabric. there were.
- the results are shown in Table 4.
- Example 20 A 56 dtex-48 filament composite fiber was obtained in accordance with Example 12 except that the first component polymer was polyoxytetramethylene glycol 20% copolymerized polybutylene terephthalate (PTMG 20% copolymerized PBT melt viscosity: 410 Pa ⁇ s). ..
- the obtained conjugate fiber has a strong elastic behavior because the first component polymer is changed from PBT to PTMG copolymerized PBT, and when it is made into a fabric, spandex-like stretchability is obtained. Met.
- Table 4 The results are shown in Table 4.
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Abstract
Description
この流路は誘導孔や導入孔に対して垂直方向に配置された溝流路であり、少なくともどちらか片方のポリマー流は該流路を経由して導入孔手前でもう一方のポリマーに接合される。この際、ポリマー流が垂直方向で衝突することから、ポリマー流の微細な流速変化による複合断面変化や、長時間紡糸の際の異常滞留発生という課題があり、それらに伴う突発的な捲縮性低下や吐出曲がりによる糸切れ等の製糸安定性に課題がある場合があった。
(1)繊維軸方向にコイル状の捲縮形態を有した繊維からなるマルチフィラメントからなり、前記繊維における捲縮のコイル径分布が2個以上の群を有し、コイル径の最大の群平均値と最小の群平均値の比(最大の群平均値/最小の群平均値)が3.00未満であり、かつマルチフィラメントを構成する繊維の断面が偏心芯鞘断面である伸縮加工糸。
(2)コイル径の最小の群平均値の群に含まれる繊維の本数が、マルチフィラメントを構成する繊維の総本数の20%以上である、前記(1)に記載の伸縮加工糸。
(3)マルチフィラメントを構成する繊維の平均径が15μm以下である、前記(1)または(2)に記載の伸縮加工糸。
(4)伸長エネルギーが1.5μJ/dtex以上である、前記(1)~(3)のいずれか1つに記載の伸縮加工糸。
(5)前記(1)~(4)のいずれか1つに記載の伸縮加工糸が少なくとも一部に含まれる繊維製品。
(6)第1成分ポリマーおよび第2成分ポリマーによって構成される複合ポリマー流を吐出するための複合口金であって、前記複合口金は、各ポリマー成分を計量する複数の計量孔を有する計量板、各ポリマー成分を分配するための分配孔が穿設された1枚以上の分配板、並びに吐出板とで構成されており、前記分配板のポリマー紡出経路方向の下流側最下層では、半円状配列の複数の第1成分ポリマー分配孔を複数の第2成分ポリマー分配孔が取り囲んだポリマー分配孔群が穿設されており、前記ポリマー分配孔群における第2成分ポリマー分配孔の少なくとも一部が、半円状配列の複数の第1成分ポリマー分配孔の円周部の外側に半円周状配列で配置されている複合口金。
(7)前記ポリマー分配孔群における第2成分ポリマー分配孔の全孔数Htと、その内で半円状配列の複数の第1成分ポリマー分配孔の円周部の外側に半円周状配列で配置された第2成分ポリマー分配孔の孔数Hoとが下記式(1)を満足する、前記(6)に記載の複合口金。
1/16<Ho/Ht<1/4 ・・・式(1)
(8)前記(6)または(7)の複合口金を用いた複合繊維の製造方法。
本発明で言う伸縮加工糸とは、伸長変形を加えた際に伸びたり、縮んだりする特性を有した加工糸を指し、この伸縮加工糸は繊維軸方向にコイル状の捲縮形態を有した繊維からなるマルチフィラメントからなり、前記繊維における捲縮のコイル径分布が2個以上の群を有することが本発明の第1の要件となる。
(1)頻度が5%以上の階級が2階級以上連続する場合、該当する階級全てを含めて1つの群とする(図2の2-(a)に例示)。
(2)階級の頻度が10%を超えておりかつ、連続する前後の階級のいずれも頻度が5%未満である場合、その10%以上の階級を1つの群とする(図2の2-(b)に例示)。
まず、熱処理を施していない伸縮加工糸を、温度20±2℃、相対湿度65±2%のもとに無荷重で24時間放置する。24時間放置後の該糸サンプルに1mg/dの加重を掛け30秒以上経過した後に、加重を掛けたまま初期試料長を50mmとして、引張試験機(株式会社オリエンテック製“テンシロン”(TENSILON)UCT-100等)に固定する。引張速度を50mm/分として該糸サンプルの引張試験を実施し、横軸を伸び(単位はmm)、縦軸を応力(単位はcN/dtex)として、図4に例示するような伸長-応力曲線を作成する。得られた伸長-応力曲線において、強度0.05cN/dtexとなる点を4-(a)、点4-(a)から横軸(応力0cN/tex)に向かって垂線を降ろした時の横軸との交点を4-(b)としたとき、点4-(a)および点4-(b)および原点に囲まれる面積Aeが伸長エネルギーを表し、単位をμJ/dtexとして算出することができる。同様の操作を異なる10本の糸サンプルについて行った結果の単純な数平均を求め、小数点第2位を四捨五入した値が本発明で言う伸長エネルギーである。
まず、伸縮加工糸をマルチフィラメントのままエポキシ樹脂などの包埋剤で包埋し、この横断面を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)などで繊維が10本以上観察できる倍率ですべての繊維について画像を撮影する。撮影された各画像において、画像解析ソフト(例えば、三谷商事社製「WinROOF2015」)を用いて、繊維の断面積Afを計測し、この断面積Afと同一の面積となる真円の直径を算出する。これを、マルチフィラメントを構成するすべての繊維について測定し、単純な数平均を求め、単位をμmとして、小数点第2位を四捨五入した値が本発明で言う繊維の平均径である。
繊維断面が前述のような特徴的な鞘成分の配置であることで、芯-鞘成分間に掛かる応力を分散でき、かつ捲縮特性に重要となる重心間距離を大きく確保できる。
(A)芯成分を覆っている成分の最小となる厚みSと繊維の繊維径Dの比S/Dが0.01~0.10である。
(B)最小厚みSの1.05倍以内の厚みの周囲長部分(S比率)は繊維断面の全周囲長の30%以上を占めている。
まず、伸縮加工糸をマルチフィラメントのままエポキシ樹脂などの包埋剤にて包埋し、この横断面を透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)で10本以上の繊維が観察できる倍率として画像を撮影する。この際、金属染色を施すとポリマー間の染め差を利用して、芯成分と鞘成分の接合部のコントラストを明確にすることができる。撮影された各画像から同一画像内で無作為に抽出した10本について、前述した方法にて繊維の繊維径を測定した値が本発明で言う繊維の繊維径Dに相当する。ここで、10本以上の観察が不可能の場合は、他の繊維を含めて合計で10本以上を観察すればよい。
本発明の強度とは、JIS L1013(2010)に示される条件で繊維の荷重-伸長曲線を求め、破断時の荷重値を初期繊度で割った値であり、伸度とは、破断時の伸長を初期試料長で割った値である。ここで、初期繊度とは、繊維の単位長さの重量を複数回測定した単純な平均値から、10000m当たりの重量を算出した値を意味する。
本発明の伸縮加工糸をインナーやアウターなどの一般衣料用途に用いる場合には、強度が1.0~4.0cN/dtex、伸度が20~40%とすることが好ましい。また、使用環境が過酷であるスポーツ衣料用途などでは、強度が3.0~5.0cN/dtex、伸度が10~40%とすることが好ましい。
本発明の伸縮加工糸とするには、偏心芯鞘断面を有した複合繊維からなるマルチフィラメントにおいて、捲縮のコイル径分布に2個以上の群を有し、各群の群平均値の乖離が特定の範囲に制御されていることが必要となる。
なお、図12(a)~図12(c)は正断面図になるので、第1成分ポリマー吐出孔や第2成分ポリマー吐出孔が集合した吐出孔群は2つしか記載されていないが、本発明の実施における吐出孔群の数は限定されるものではない。
本発明における「ポリマー分配孔群」とは、各成分のポリマー流が分配板15から1孔の吐出導入孔19に向けて吐出される際に通過する、分配板15のポリマー紡出経路方向の下流側最下層に穿設された分配孔の集合体をいう。
1/16<Ho/Ht<1/4 ・・・式(1)
まず、潜在捲縮糸をエポキシ樹脂などの包埋剤で包埋し、この横断面を走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)(例えば、キーエンス社製走査型電子顕微鏡、型番「VE-7800型」)で単繊維が10本以上観察できる倍率で、すべての単繊維について画像を撮影する。撮影された各画像において、画像解析ソフト(例えば、三谷商事株式会社製「WinROOF2015」)を用いて、単繊維の断面積Afを計測し、この断面積Afと同一の面積となる真円の直径を、単位をμmとして算出し、小数点第2位を四捨五入することで繊維径を算出する。これを、潜在捲縮糸を構成するすべての単繊維について上記の測定を実施し、この結果から図5のような繊維径の分布を作成し、繊維径ごとに単繊維を分類した後に、各単繊維群において最も存在数の多いピーク値である中央重心点間距離を求める。この結果を基に、潜在捲縮糸中で中央重心点間距離が最大のもの(Dmax)および最小のもの(Dmin)を用い、中央重心点間距離比(Dmax/Dmin)を算出する。
20000/Df0.5≦T≦40000/Df0.5
100mの繊維の重量を測定し、その値を100倍した値を算出した。この動作を10回繰り返し、その平均値の小数点第2位を四捨五入した値を総繊度(dtex)とした。また上記の総繊度をフィラメント数で割った値が単繊維繊度(dtex)となる。
試料を引張試験機(株式会社オリエンテック製“テンシロン”(TENSILON)UCT-100)でJIS L1013(2010) 8.5.1標準時試験に示される定速伸長条件で測定した。この時の掴み間隔は20cm、引張り速度は20cm/分、試験回数10回とした。なお、破断伸度は伸長-応力曲線における最大強力を示した点の伸びから求めた。
伸縮加工糸を、検尺機等を用いて10mのカセとし、0.2mg/dの加重を掛けて98℃以上の沸騰水中に浸漬し、15分間沸水処理を行った。該処理糸を風乾にて十分に乾燥させた後に、1mg/dの荷重をかけて30秒間以上経過後に、2点間の距離が3cmとなるようにマルチフィラメントの任意の箇所にマーキングした。その後、塑性変形させないようマルチフィラメントから繊維を分繊し、予めつけておいたマーキングの間が元の3cmとなるように調整してスライドガラス上に固定し、このサンプルをキーエンス社製、VHX-2000デジタルマイクロスコープにて、捲縮の山が5~10個観察できる倍率で画像を撮影した。撮影した各画像において、コイル径を、単位をμmとして、小数点第1位までを測定した。
同じ操作をマルチフィラメントを構成する異なる繊維についてランダムに行ない、これを繰り返すことで総データ数が100個となるようにコイル径を計測した。
これらの測定値を、境界値を10×n(n:自然数)μmとして、幅10μmとした階級に分け、縦軸を頻度のヒストグラムを作成した。
作成したヒストグラムにおいて、本発明で言う群が存在する場合には、各群に含まれるコイル径を単純平均することでの群平均値を算出した。
これらの結果を基に、コイル径分布に含まれる全ての群平均値の内、最大のものを最小のもので割返してそれら比を算出した。なお、最大の群平均値と最小の群平均値の比は小数点第3位を四捨五入するものである。
伸縮加工糸をエポキシ樹脂などの包埋剤で包埋し、この横断面をキーエンス社製 VE-7800型走査型電子顕微鏡(SEM)で繊維が10本以上観察できる倍率で、すべての繊維について画像を撮影した。撮影された各画像において、画像解析ソフト(三谷商事株式会社製「WinROOF2015」)を用いて、繊維の断面積Afを計測し、この断面積Afと同一の面積となる真円の直径を算出した。これを、マルチフィラメントを構成するすべての繊維について測定し、単純な数平均をとることで繊維の平均径を算出した。なお、繊維の平均径は単位をμmとして、小数点第2位を四捨五入したものである。
伸縮加工糸を温度20±2℃、相対湿度65±2%のもとに無荷重で24時間放置した。24時間放置後の該糸サンプルに1mg/dの加重を掛け30秒以上経過した後に、加重を掛けたまま初期試料長を50mmとして、株式会社オリエンテック製“テンシロン”(TENSILON)UCT-100引張試験機に固定した。引張速度を50mm/分として糸サンプルの引張試験を実施し、横軸を伸び(単位はmm)、縦軸を応力(単位はcN/dtex)として、図4に例示するような伸長-応力曲線を作成した。得られた伸長-応力曲線において、強度0.05cN/dtexとなる点(図4の4-(a))と、該点からから横軸(応力0cN/tex)に向かって垂線を降ろした時の横軸との交点(図4の4-(b))、および原点に囲まれる面積Aeを求めた。これを異なる10本の糸サンプルについて行った結果の単純な数平均を求めることで伸長エネルギーを算出した。なお、伸長エネルギーは単位をμJ/dtexとし、小数点第2位を四捨五入したものである。
ヨコ糸およびタテ糸に伸縮加工糸を用い、ヨコ密度90本/inchで平織物を作製し、80℃で20分の精錬を行い、180℃で1分の中間セットを行った後に120℃で20分のリラックス処理を行った。
上記で作製した織物サンプルは熟練者10名によって、ヨコ糸方向に伸長させた際の伸びと伸長時の抵抗感から、織物に変形を加えた際の動作追従性について、次の3段階で評価した。
また、布帛を伸長させる際の肌-布帛間の擦れにおいて、肌への密着性を次の3段階で評価した。
動作追従性および密着性については、Aを5点、Bを2点、Cを0点とし、10名の合計点数が30点以上のとき評価「A」、10点~29点のとき評価「B」、9点以下のとき評価「C」とした。なお、評価「A」及び「B」が合格である。
A: 適度な抵抗感を持ち、大きく伸びる。
B: 抵抗感がやや小さいまたはやや大きいが、大きく伸びる。
C: 伸長時の抵抗感が不十分または伸長時に過剰な抵抗がある。
上記F.で作製した布帛について、JIS L1096(2010)8.19項E法(マーチンデール法)により耐摩耗性を評価した。
実施例12~20、比較例4~9における複合口金が分配式口金である場合、分配板のポリマー紡出経路方向の下流側最下層に穿設されたポリマー分配孔群における第1成分ポリマー分配孔の配列を評価した。この際、ポリマー分配孔群の最外接円において、最外接円を2等分しかつ第1成分ポリマー分配孔が2等分した半円の片側に全て含むことが可能となる任意の直線を引くことができる配列を半円状配列とした。ここでいう半円の片側に全て含むとは半円の内側もしくは直線上に第1成分ポリマー分配孔が存在する状態を指す。また任意の直線を引くことができない配列は円状配列とした。
また、ポリマー分配孔群における第2成分ポリマー分配孔の孔数について、半円状配列の複数の第1成分ポリマー分配孔の円周部の外側に半円周状配列で配置された第2成分ポリマー分配孔の孔数Hoを評価した。この際、ポリマー分配孔群の最外接円を2等分しかつ第1成分ポリマー分配孔が2等分した半円の片側に全て含むことが可能となる任意の直線によって最外接円を2つの半円に分け、そのうち第1成分ポリマー分配孔が含まれる半円内における該半円の円周方向に平行な任意の曲線の上にある第2成分ポリマー分配孔の孔数を半円状配列の複数の第1成分ポリマー分配孔の円周部の外側に半円周状配列された第2成分ポリマー分配孔の孔数Hoとした。またHoをポリマー分配孔群における第2成分ポリマー分配孔の全孔数Htで除することでHo/Htを算出した。
実施例12~20、比較例4~9における複合口金の口金吐出孔数を口金面積で除した値を孔充填密度(孔/mm2)とした。
チップ状のポリマーを真空乾燥機によって、水分率200ppm以下とし、株式会社東洋精機製作所製キャピログラフによって、歪速度を段階的に変更して、溶融粘度を測定した。なお、測定温度は紡糸温度と同様にし、窒素雰囲気下で加熱炉にサンプルを投入してから測定開始までを5分とし、せん断速度1216s-1の値をポリマーの溶融粘度として評価した。さらに、第1成分ポリマーの溶融粘度を第2成分ポリマーの溶融粘度で割った値について、小数点2桁以下を四捨五入した値を粘度比(V1/V2)とした。
実施例12~20、比較例4~9についての製糸を行い、口金吐出孔から吐出されたポリマー流を口金面下300mm、口金面の垂線より45°の角度からカメラで撮影し、撮影された画像における口金面の法線方向に対するポリマー流の吐出曲がり角度から吐出安定性を以下の3段階で評価した。
極めて良好 A :45°未満
良好 B :45°以上、60°未満
不良 C :60°以上
実施例12~20、比較例4~9についての製糸を行い、1千万m当たりの糸切れ回数から製糸安定性を以下の3段階で評価した。
極めて良好 A :0.8回/千万m未満
良好 B :0.8回/千万m以上、2.0回/千万m未満
不良 C :2.0回/千万m以上
繊維をエポキシ樹脂などの包埋剤にて包埋した後、この横断面を透過型電子顕微鏡(TEM)で10本以上の繊維が観察できる倍率として画像を撮影し、複合断面を観察した。この際、金属染色を施すとポリマー間の染め差ができることを利用して、複合断面の接合部のコントラストを明確にした。
さらに撮影された画像の複合断面が図11(b)に示すような偏心芯鞘断面であった場合には、各画像から同一画像内で無作為に抽出した10本以上の繊維について、芯成分を覆っている鞘成分の最小となる厚み(図11(b)の符号「S」)を表す薄皮部分の厚みと、繊維軸に対して垂直方向での繊維の幅を表す繊維径を単位μmにて求め、薄皮部分の厚みを繊維径で割った値を算出した。なお、これを異なる10本の繊維において行った結果の単純な数平均を求め、小数点2桁以下を四捨五入した値を薄皮部分の厚み割合とし、10本の繊維における薄皮部分の厚みの標準偏差CV%(変動係数:Coefficient of Variation)を薄皮部分の厚みバラつきとした。
実施例12~20、比較例4~9についての製糸を行い、得られた複合繊維の伸縮伸長率(JISL1013(2010)8.11項C法(簡便法))から捲縮発現性を以下の3段階で評価した。
極めて良好 A :60%以上
良好 B :40%以上、60%未満
不良 C :40%未満
伸縮加工糸を構成する繊維の芯成分として、溶融粘度160Pa・sのポリブチレンテレフタレート(PBT)、鞘成分として溶融粘度30Pa・sのポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET1)を用いた。これらのポリマーを個別に溶融した後に、ポンプにより芯/鞘の吐出量比を50/50となるように計量を行い、図11(a)に例示した分配孔を有する分配板を組み込んだ同一の紡糸パックに別途流入させて、紡糸温度を280℃として、72ホールの吐出孔が穿設された口金から吐出した。
実施例1で用いた分配板は、繊維とした際に、芯成分Aを覆う鞘成分Bのポリマーの一部が均一な薄皮となり、本発明で言う薄皮偏心芯鞘断面の要件を満足する複合断面(図6(b))を形成するものである。
巻き取った延伸糸は、加工速度を250m/分、延伸倍率を1.0倍としたローラー間で、170℃に設定したヒーターにて加熱しながら、フリクションディスクを用い、仮撚数が3000T/mとなるような回転数にて仮撚加工を施し、56dtex-72フィラメントの本発明の伸縮加工糸を得た。
なお、得られた伸縮加工糸では、延伸糸の繊維断面が精密に制御されていたため、仮撚工程において、芯/鞘成分間の剥離による毛羽や白化といった欠点がなく、糸品位と工程通過性に優れるものであった。
また、実施例1の伸縮加工糸からなる布帛は、柔らかな風合いも相まって、心地よい動作追従性を有しながらも、マーチンデール法での耐摩耗性は3000回と、過酷な環境下の使用にも耐えうる良好な耐摩耗性を有したものであった。結果を表1に示す。
実施例2、3は、実施例1と同様にして延伸糸を作製し、仮撚工程でフリクションディスクの回転数を変更することで、仮撚数をそれぞれ3500T/m、2500T/mとした以外は、実施例1と同様の条件にて仮撚加工を実施して本発明の伸縮加工糸を得た。
実施例2、3では、フリクションディスクから受ける摩擦力が変化したものの、延伸糸の繊維断面が本発明の要件を満たす薄皮偏心芯鞘断面に制御されているため、芯/鞘間の剥離による毛羽や白化等の欠点なく、糸品質と加工通過性に優れるものであった。
実施例2の伸縮加工糸は、仮撚工程での仮撚数を高くしたことで、極めて微細な顕在捲縮が得られ、コイル径分布において最大-最小の群平均値の比が拡大した。このため、実施例2の伸縮加工糸の伸長-応力曲線では、低伸長域での応力発現がやや低下したものの、低応力でより伸長することとなり、伸長エネルギーは4.3μJ/dtexと高くなった。
このため、布帛として伸長させた際には、低伸長領域から高伸長領域に渡って柔らかく伸び、動作追従性に優れるものであった。
実施例3の伸縮加工糸は、仮撚工程での仮撚数が低いため、コイル径分布において最大-最小の群平均値の比が近接した。このため、実施例3の伸縮加工糸の伸長-応力曲線では、低伸長域で発現する応力が増大した一方、より低伸度で応力が立ち上がることとなり、伸長エネルギーは2.6μJ/dtexとなり、布帛として伸長させた際には、低伸長領域での抵抗がやわらぎ、カジュアル衣料に適したソフトな動作追従性を有するものであった。結果を表1に示す。
実施例4、5では、仮撚工程での延伸倍率をそれぞれ1.1、0.9とした以外は、実施例1と同様にして本発明の伸縮加工糸を得た。
実施例4、5は、加撚領域での張力が変化し、フリクションディスクから受ける摩擦力が変化したものの、延伸糸の繊維断面が精密に制御されているため、芯/鞘間の剥離による毛羽や白化等の欠点なく、糸品質と加工通過性に優れるものであった。
実施例4の伸縮加工糸は、延伸倍率が高く、加撚領域での張力が高いため、顕在捲縮が掛かりにくく、最小の群平均値を中心とする群に含まれる捲縮の割合が低下した。このため、実施例4の伸縮加工糸の伸長-応力曲線では、小コイル径の伸長に相当する低応力領域が縮小したため、伸長エネルギーは1.8μJ/dtexとなり、布帛とし伸長させた際には、ややつっぱり感を感じるものであったが、従来対比動作追従性に優れたものであり、問題無いレベルであった。
実施例5の伸縮加工糸は、低延伸倍率のため加撚領域での張力が低く、顕在捲縮が掛かりやすいため、マルチフィラメント全体に均一に顕在捲縮が存在し、最小の群平均値を中心とする群に含まれる捲縮の割合が増加した。このため、実施例5の伸縮加工糸の伸長-応力曲線では、小コイル径の伸長に相当する低応力領域が拡大したことで、伸長エネルギーは3.8μJ/dtexと良好なものであった。結果を表1に示す。
実施例6では、実施例1と同様の分配孔が穿設された分配板を使用し、吐出孔数を24とした口金を用いた。
伸縮加工糸を構成するポリマー、芯/鞘の吐出比率、紡糸温度は実施例1と同様にして吐出し、実施例1と同様の延伸、巻きとり条件にて延伸することで、56dtex-24フィラメントの延伸糸を得た。
得られた延伸糸は、実施例1と同様の加工速度、延伸倍率、ヒーター温度条件とし、仮撚数が3000T/mとなるよう、フリクションディスクの回転数を調整した条件にて、仮撚加工を実施することで、本発明の伸縮加工糸を得た。
実施例6の伸縮加工糸は、繊維の平均径が15.0μmであり、繊維の捲縮形態を観察したところ、コイル径分布には群平均値がそれぞれ137.0μm、344.0μmである2つの群が見られた。繊維の平均径増大に伴い、潜在/顕在捲縮のコイル径も増大したことに加えて、繊維が捲縮構造を発現するモーメントが増大したため、実施例6の伸縮加工糸の伸長-応力曲線は、特に低伸長時に高い応力を発現するものであった(伸長エネルギー:2.5μJ/dtex)。結果を表1に示す。
実施例7では、実施例1と同様の分配孔が穿設された分配板を使用し、吐出孔数を18とした口金を用いた。
伸縮加工糸を構成するポリマー、芯/鞘の吐出比率、紡糸温度は実施例1と同様にして吐出し、実施例1と同様の延伸、巻きとり条件にて延伸することで、56dtex-18フィラメントの延伸糸を得た。
得られた延伸糸は、実施例1と同様の加工速度、延伸倍率、ヒーター温度条件とし、仮撚数が3000T/mとなるよう、フリクションディスクの回転数を調整した条件にて、仮撚加工を実施することで、伸縮加工糸を得た。(56dex-18フィラメント、最大-最小群平均値比率2.62)
実施例7の伸縮加工糸を布帛とすると、実施例1と比較して密着性には劣るものの、伸長させた際には、高い伸長抵抗によりホールド感が高いものとなり、本発明の効果を損ねない程度の好適な着圧を有するものとなった。結果を表1に示す。
実施例8、9はポリマーを表1の通り変更し、実施例1と同様の口金を用いて吐出を行った。
得られた延伸糸は実施例1と同様の加工速度、延伸倍率、ヒーター温度条件とし、仮撚数が3000T/mとなるよう、フリクションディスクの回転数を調整した条件にて、仮撚加工を実施することで、本発明の伸縮加工糸を得た。
得られた延伸糸は実施例1と同様の加工速度、延伸倍率とし、ヒーター温度を200℃に設定し、仮撚数が3000T/mとなるよう、フリクションディスクの回転数を調整した条件にて、仮撚加工を実施することで、本発明の伸縮加工糸を得た。
実施例8では、芯成分に熱処理を施した際に高収縮するPPTを用いたため、微細な潜在捲縮が得られ、コイル径分布において最大-最小の群平均値の比が縮小したものの、全体として細かい捲縮を有するものであった。これに加え、PPTが低ヤング率であるために、実施例8の伸縮加工糸の伸長-応力曲線は、低応力で非常によく伸びる特徴的なものとなり、伸長エネルギーは4.0μm/dtexと優れたものであった。布帛とし、伸長させた際には、本発明の効果を損ねない程度の柔らかな伸長抵抗を有し、ストレッチ性に特に優れるものであった。
実施例9では、芯成分にPET2(溶融粘度290Pa・s)を使用することで、糸のヤング率が大きくなり、捲縮の伸長抵抗が増大した。このため、実施例9の伸縮加工糸の伸長-応力曲線は、発現する応力が全体的に高く、伸長エネルギーは1.8μJ/dtexと低くなったが、布帛とし伸長した際には、高い伸長抵抗によりホールド感が高いものとなり、本発明の効果を損ねない程度の好適な着圧を有するものとなった。結果を表2に示す。
実施例10では、繊維とした際に、繊維断面が薄皮偏心芯鞘断面となり、その薄皮厚みが0.04、0.09となるように、それぞれの分配孔において薄皮を形成する分配孔(図11(a)の曲線13上に存在する分配孔)の数を変化させた、2種類の分配孔群を穿設した分配板を用いた。なお、各分配孔群からなる吐出孔の数はそれぞれ36ホールである。図7には、実施例10で用いた口金の吐出板16における吐出孔配置を示しているが、薄皮厚みが0.04となる分配孔群に相当する吐出孔群(7-(a))と、薄皮厚みが0.09となる分配孔群に相当する吐出孔群(7-(b))が交互に配置された千鳥格子孔配置の口金を用いた。
このため、布帛とし伸長させた際には、伸度に応じて緩やかに応力が発現するため、ホールド性に非常に優れており、極めて良い動作追従性を有していた。結果を表2に示す。
実施例11では、繊維とした際に、繊維径が7.0μm、11.0μmとなるように、孔径0.18mm、0.23mmの吐出孔がそれぞれ36ホール穿設されており、口金面内で細繊維径に相当する小孔径の吐出孔と太繊維径に相当する大孔径の吐出孔が配置された口金を用いた。図7には、実施例11で用いた口金の吐出板16における吐出孔配置を示しているが、孔径0.18mmの吐出孔群(7-(a))と、孔径0.23mmの吐出孔群(7-(b))が交互に配置された千鳥格子孔配置の口金を用いた。
実施例11では、上記の複合口金を用いたこと以外、実施例1と同様に紡糸、延伸を行い、仮撚加工を施さず、本発明の伸縮加工糸を得た。
実施例11の伸縮加工糸を布帛とし、リラックス処理を行うと、良好なストレッチ性を発揮しながらも、低伸長領域から適度な伸長抵抗を有することで、ホールド性に優れるものであり、動作追従性に優れるものであった。結果を表2に示す。
比較例1では、実施例1と同様にして延伸糸(56dtex-72フィラメント)を作製した後に、加撚領域での実撚数が5500T/m(仮撚数は40000/Df0.5以上)となるような条件にて仮撚加工を行い、伸縮加工糸を得た。(56dex-72フィラメント、最大-最小群平均値比率3.00)
比較例1の伸縮加工糸では、最大-最小コイル径比率が本発明の伸縮加工糸と比較すると大きいため、比較例1の伸縮加工糸の伸長-応力曲線は段階的な変形を示し、応力の急な立ち上がりが見られるものであった。このため、比較例1の加工糸からなる布帛では、伸長に応じて急に抵抗が増大することで、急激に大きな動作をした場合には、動作に追従できない箇所があり、部分的にツッパリを感じるものであった。結果を表2に示す。
比較例2では、実施例1と同様の条件で紡糸、延伸を行い、仮撚加工を施さず、56dtex-72フィラメントの伸縮加工糸を得た。
比較例2の伸縮加工糸では、コイル径分布には潜在捲縮による1つの群のみが見られ、伸長-応力曲線は図3の点線3-(a)に示すような単調なプロフィールとなった。
このため、布帛とすると、良好なストレッチ性は有しているものの、低伸長時の抵抗感に欠けるものであり、布帛を伸長した際に低伸長域から高伸長域の幅広い範囲で良好なホールド感と動作追従性という観点で見た場合、実施例1には劣るものであった。結果を表2に示す。
比較例3では、溶融粘度120Pa・sのポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET3)を溶融し、72ホールの吐出孔が穿設してある口金から吐出し、紡糸、延伸することで56dtex-72フィラメントのPET単独糸を得た。これを、ヒーター温度を200℃とした以外、実施例1と同様の条件にて仮撚加工を実施し、伸縮加工糸を得た。(56dtex-72フィラメント)
比較例3の伸縮加工糸の捲縮形態を観察すると、コイル径分布はブロードで、本発明で言う群を有さないものであり、コイル径が粗大な繊維が伸縮加工糸表面にたるんで固定されていた。このため、たるんだ繊維は伸長時の応力を担わない結果、比較例3の伸縮加工糸の伸長-応力曲線は、低伸長時の応力が極めて低く、さらに捲縮が伸長しきった後の応力の立ち上がりが急激なものであった。結果を表2に示す。
第1成分ポリマーとして、ポリブチレンテレフタレート(PBT 溶融粘度:112Pa・s)、第2成分ポリマーとして、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET 溶融粘度:39Pa・s)を準備した。第1成分ポリマーと第2成分ポリマーをいずれもエクストルーダーを用いてそれぞれ260℃、280℃で溶融後、第1成分ポリマーと第2成分ポリマーの繊維断面中の面積比が50/50となるように、紡糸温度を280℃としてポンプによる計量を行い、図12(a)~図12(c)に示した本実施形態の複合口金に流入させ、孔充填密度を1.2×10-2孔/mm2で配置した吐出孔から0.35g/min/孔にて流入ポリマーを吐出した。このとき複合紡糸用口金の分配板については、図11(a)に示すようなポリマー紡出経路方向の下流側最下層に、半円状配列の複数の第1成分ポリマー分配孔を複数の第2成分ポリマー分配孔が取り囲んだポリマー分配孔群を穿設し、前記ポリマー分配孔群における64孔の第2成分ポリマー分配孔の内8孔を、半円状配列の複数の第1成分ポリマー分配孔の円周部の外側に半円周状配列で配置した分配板を用いた。
ポリマー流を図8(b)に示すようなサイドバイサイド断面を有する複合繊維を紡糸する際に用いられる従来の複合口金に流入させ、孔充填密度を加工限界である1.2×10-2孔/mm2で配置した吐出孔から0.35g/min/孔にて流入ポリマーを吐出する以外は全て実施例12に従い、56dtex-48フィラメントの複合繊維を得た。
得られた複合繊維の紡糸・延伸工程においては、実施例12と比較して吐出孔から吐出された複合ポリマー流の吐出曲がりが大きかった。また、紡糸時におけるポリマー流の糸揺れや口金面への接触による糸切れも多発する結果であった。結果を表3に示す。
ポリマー流を図10(b)に示すような偏心芯鞘断面を有する複合繊維を紡糸する際に用いられる従来の複合口金に流入させ、孔充填密度を加工限界である6.1×10-3孔/mm2で配置した吐出孔から0.35g/min/孔にて流入ポリマーを吐出する以外は全て実施例12に従い、56dtex-48フィラメントの複合繊維を得た。
得られた複合繊維の紡糸・延伸工程においては、薄皮部分を形成するポリマー流量が極少であることから、複合口金内の流路でポリマーの異常滞留が発生し、劣化ポリマーが混入したことによる延伸時の糸切れが多発する結果であった。また得られた複合繊維の複合断面は、実施例12と比較して薄皮部分の厚みバラつきが大きく、複合断面の寸法安定性に劣るものであった。結果を表3に示す。
複合紡糸用口金の分配板について、ポリマー紡出経路方向の下流側最下層に穿設されたポリマー分配孔群における第1成分ポリマー分配孔の配列を図14(a)に示すような円状配列の配置とした分配板を用いる以外は全て実施例12に従い、56dtex-48フィラメントの複合繊維を得た。
得られた複合繊維は、芯成分の重心点位置が複合繊維断面中心に近づいたことにより捲縮が大きいものであり、実施例12と比較すると捲縮発現性が著しく低下するものであった。結果を表3に示す。
複合紡糸用口金の分配板について、ポリマー紡出経路方向の下流側最下層に穿設されたポリマー分配孔群における64孔の第2成分ポリマー分配孔の内6孔(実施例13)、4孔(実施例14)を、半円状配列の複数の第1成分ポリマー分配孔の円周部の外側に半円周状配列で配置した分配板を用いる以外は全て実施例12に従い、56dtex-48フィラメントの複合繊維を得た。
得られた複合繊維は、半円周状配列で配置した第2成分ポリマー分配孔の孔数が少なくなるほど、芯成分の重心点位置が複合繊維断面中心から離れたことで、捲縮がより微細となっており、実施例12と比較すると良好な捲縮発現性を有するものであった。結果を表3に示す。
複合紡糸用口金の分配板について、ポリマー紡出経路方向の下流側最下層に穿設されたポリマー分配孔群における64孔の第2成分ポリマー分配孔の内12孔(実施例15)、16孔(実施例16)を、半円状配列の複数の第1成分ポリマー分配孔の円周部の外側に半円周状配列で配置した分配板を用いる以外は全て実施例12に従い、56dtex-48フィラメントの複合繊維を得た。
得られた複合繊維は、半円周状配列で配置した第2成分ポリマー分配孔の孔数が多くなるほど、実施例12と比較して薄皮部分の厚みが増加したことから、吐出孔から吐出された複合ポリマー流の吐出曲がりが小さくなっていた。また、紡糸時におけるポリマー流の糸揺れや口金面への接触による糸切れもほとんど発生しなかった。結果を表3に示す。
孔充填密度を1.8×10-2孔/mm2で配置した吐出孔から0.23g/min/孔にて流入ポリマーを吐出する以外は全て実施例12に従い、56dtex-72フィラメントの複合繊維を得た。
得られた複合繊維は、単繊維繊度が細くなることで糸の剛性が低下するため、該複合繊維を用いた布帛は良好なストレッチを有しつつ、風合いに優れるものであった。結果を表4に示す。
ポリマー流を図8(b)に示すようなサイドバイサイド断面を有する複合繊維を紡糸する際に用いられる従来の複合口金に流入させ、孔充填密度を加工限界である1.2×10-2孔/mm2で配置した吐出孔から0.23g/min/孔にて流入ポリマーを吐出する以外は全て実施例12に従い、紡糸を実施したところ、比較例4と比較して、吐出量が減少して重力が減少したことから、吐出孔から吐出された複合ポリマー流の吐出曲がりがさらに悪化しており、紡糸時におけるポリマー流の口金面への接触が定常的に発生し、紡糸不可であった。結果を表4に示す。
ポリマー流を図10(b)に示すような偏心芯鞘断面を有する複合繊維を紡糸する際に用いられる従来の複合口金に流入させ、孔充填密度を加工限界である6.1×10-3孔/mm2で配置した吐出孔から0.23g/min/孔にて流入ポリマーを吐出する以外は全て実施例12に従い、56dtex-72フィラメントの複合繊維を得た。
得られた複合繊維の紡糸・延伸工程においては、比較例5と比較して、薄皮部分を形成するポリマー流量が極少であることから、複合口金内の流路でポリマーの異常滞留が発生し、劣化ポリマーが混入したことによる延伸時の糸切れが多発する結果であった。また得られた複合繊維の複合断面においても、薄皮部分の厚みバラつきがより大きくなっており、複合断面の寸法安定性も著しく悪化していた。結果を表4に示す。
第1成分ポリマーをポリブチレンテレフタレート(PBT 溶融粘度:218Pa・s)とする以外は全て実施例12に従い、56dtex-48フィラメントの複合繊維を得た。
得られた複合繊維は、第1成分ポリマーと第2成分ポリマーの粘度比が増加したことで、高収縮成分である第1成分ポリマーが高配向となり、収縮差が拡大することで捲縮がより微細となっており、実施例12と比較すると良好な捲縮発現性を有するものであった。結果を表4に示す。
第1成分ポリマーをポリブチレンテレフタレート(PBT 溶融粘度:218Pa・s)とし、ポリマー流を図8(b)に示すようなサイドバイサイド断面を有する複合繊維を紡糸する際に用いられる従来の複合口金に流入させ、孔充填密度を加工限界である1.2×10-2孔/mm2で配置した吐出孔から0.35g/min/孔にて流入ポリマーを吐出する以外は全て実施例12に従い、紡糸を実施したところ、比較例4と比較して、第1成分ポリマーと第2成分ポリマーの粘度比が増加したことから、吐出孔から吐出された複合ポリマー流の吐出曲がりがさらに悪化しており、紡糸時におけるポリマー流の口金面への接触が定常的に発生し、紡糸不可であった。結果を表4に示す。
第1成分ポリマーをポリトリメチレンテレフタレート(PTT 溶融粘度:109Pa・s)とする以外は全て実施例12に従い、56dtex-48フィラメントの複合繊維を得た。
得られた複合繊維は、第1成分ポリマーをPBTからPTTに変更したことから、荷重下での捲縮発現性が良好となっており、布帛とした際には高いストレッチ性が得られるものであった。結果を表4に示す。
第1成分ポリマーをポリオキシテトラメチレングリコール20%共重合ポリブチレンテレフタレート(PTMG20%共重合PBT 溶融粘度:410Pa・s)とする以外は全て実施例12に従い、56dtex-48フィラメントの複合繊維を得た。
得られた複合繊維は、第1成分ポリマーをPBTからPTMG共重合PBTに変更したことから、弾性的な挙動が強く感じられるものとなり、布帛とした際にはスパンデックスライクなストレッチ性が得られるものであった。結果を表4に示す。
V1:伸縮加工糸を構成する繊維の捲縮形態における谷の頂点
Dc:伸縮加工糸を構成する繊維の捲縮コイル径
D:繊維径
2-(a)、2-(b):伸縮加工糸の繊維のコイル径分布における群の一例
3-(a):1種類のコイル径のみで構成されているマルチフィラメントの伸長変形プロフィールの一例
3-(b):伸縮加工糸の伸長変形プロフィールの一例
4-(a):伸縮加工糸の伸長変形プロフィールにおいて、強度が0.05cN/dtexとなる点
4-(b):4-(a)から横軸に向かって垂線を降ろした時の横軸との交点
5-(a)、5-(c):繊維径分布
5-(b)、5-(d):中央繊維径
5-(e)、5-(f):繊維径の分布幅
6-(a):実施例10で用いた口金の吐出板における吐出孔配置のうち、薄皮厚みが0.04となる分配孔群に相当する吐出孔群
6-(b):実施例10で用いた口金の吐出板における吐出孔配置のうち、薄皮厚みが0.09となる分配孔群に相当する吐出孔群
A : 芯成分(第1成分ポリマー、高粘度ポリマー)
B : 鞘成分(第2成分ポリマー、低粘度ポリマー)
G : 吐出されたポリマー流
V1~V5:導入孔内部でのポリマーの速度分布
W : 溝幅
a : 繊維横断面の複合断面におけるポリマーAの重心点
c : 繊維横断面の複合断面における中心点
S : 繊維横断面の複合断面におけるポリマーBの最小となる厚み
1、2、3 : 誘導孔
4、7 : 導入孔
5、6 : 流路
8 : 口金吐出孔
9 : 第1成分ポリマー分配孔
10 : 第2成分ポリマー分配孔
11 : ポリマー分配孔群の最外接円
12 : 直線
13 : 曲線
14 : 計量板
15 : 分配板
16 : 吐出板
17 : 分配溝
18 : 分配孔
19 : 吐出導入孔
20 : 縮小孔
21 : 口金吐出孔
22a: 第1成分ポリマー用計量孔
22b: 第2成分ポリマー用計量孔
Claims (8)
- 繊維軸方向にコイル状の捲縮形態を有した繊維からなるマルチフィラメントからなり、前記繊維における捲縮のコイル径分布が2個以上の群を有し、コイル径の最大の群平均値と最小の群平均値の比(最大の群平均値/最小の群平均値)が3.00未満であり、かつマルチフィラメントを構成する繊維の断面が偏心芯鞘断面である伸縮加工糸。
- コイル径の最小の群平均値の群に含まれる繊維の本数が、マルチフィラメントを構成する繊維の総本数の20%以上である、請求項1に記載の伸縮加工糸。
- マルチフィラメントを構成する繊維の平均径が15μm以下である、請求項1または2に記載の伸縮加工糸。
- 伸長エネルギーが1.5μJ/dtex以上である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の伸縮加工糸。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の伸縮加工糸が少なくとも一部に含まれる繊維製品。
- 第1成分ポリマーおよび第2成分ポリマーによって構成される複合ポリマー流を吐出するための複合口金であって、
前記複合口金は、各ポリマー成分を計量する複数の計量孔を有する計量板、各ポリマー成分を分配するための分配孔が穿設された1枚以上の分配板、並びに吐出板とで構成されており、
前記分配板のポリマー紡出経路方向の下流側最下層では、半円状配列の複数の第1成分ポリマー分配孔を複数の第2成分ポリマー分配孔が取り囲んだポリマー分配孔群が穿設されており、
前記ポリマー分配孔群における第2成分ポリマー分配孔の少なくとも一部が、半円状配列の複数の第1成分ポリマー分配孔の円周部の外側に半円周状配列で配置されている複合口金。 - 前記ポリマー分配孔群における第2成分ポリマー分配孔の全孔数Htと、その内半円状配列の複数の第1成分ポリマー分配孔の円周部の外側に半円周状配列で配置された第2成分ポリマー分配孔の孔数Hoとが下記式(1)を満足する、請求項6に記載の複合口金。
1/16<Ho/Ht<1/4 ・・・式(1) - 請求項6または7の複合口金を用いた複合繊維の製造方法。
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| WO2023100570A1 (ja) * | 2021-12-01 | 2023-06-08 | 東レ株式会社 | 偏心芯鞘複合仮撚糸及びそれを用いた織編物 |
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| EP4484622A1 (en) * | 2023-06-28 | 2025-01-01 | Fare' S.p.A. a Socio Unico | Spinning head and relative apparatus for the production of filaments |
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2023095764A1 (ja) | 2021-11-24 | 2023-06-01 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合繊維、マルチフィラメントおよび繊維製品 |
| WO2023100570A1 (ja) * | 2021-12-01 | 2023-06-08 | 東レ株式会社 | 偏心芯鞘複合仮撚糸及びそれを用いた織編物 |
| JPWO2024154595A1 (ja) * | 2023-01-20 | 2024-07-25 | ||
| WO2024154595A1 (ja) * | 2023-01-20 | 2024-07-25 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合口金、および複合繊維の製造方法 |
| JP7694798B2 (ja) | 2023-01-20 | 2025-06-18 | 東レ株式会社 | 複合口金、および複合繊維の製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
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| WO2020095861A8 (ja) | 2020-07-16 |
| JP7567986B2 (ja) | 2024-10-16 |
| JP2023099829A (ja) | 2023-07-13 |
| CN112996956B (zh) | 2023-10-03 |
| KR102756936B1 (ko) | 2025-01-21 |
| EP3879017A4 (en) | 2023-05-03 |
| TWI905917B (zh) | 2025-11-21 |
| JPWO2020095861A1 (ja) | 2021-09-24 |
| EP3879017A1 (en) | 2021-09-15 |
| US20220002913A1 (en) | 2022-01-06 |
| TW202026477A (zh) | 2020-07-16 |
| TW202503135A (zh) | 2025-01-16 |
| US20250341033A1 (en) | 2025-11-06 |
| KR20210087030A (ko) | 2021-07-09 |
| US12378704B2 (en) | 2025-08-05 |
| JP7355014B2 (ja) | 2023-10-03 |
| CN112996956A (zh) | 2021-06-18 |
| TWI857984B (zh) | 2024-10-11 |
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