WO2020097844A1 - Sources sismiques marines combinées de canons à air à large bande basées sur des profondeurs virtuelles et réelles - Google Patents

Sources sismiques marines combinées de canons à air à large bande basées sur des profondeurs virtuelles et réelles Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020097844A1
WO2020097844A1 PCT/CN2018/115606 CN2018115606W WO2020097844A1 WO 2020097844 A1 WO2020097844 A1 WO 2020097844A1 CN 2018115606 W CN2018115606 W CN 2018115606W WO 2020097844 A1 WO2020097844 A1 WO 2020097844A1
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source
auxiliary
wave
level
main
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Chinese (zh)
Inventor
沈洪垒
陶春辉
王汉闯
周建平
丘磊
柳云龙
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Second Institute of Oceanography MNR
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Second Institute of Oceanography MNR
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
    • G01V1/04—Details
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
    • G01V1/133—Generating seismic energy using fluidic driving means, e.g. highly pressurised fluids; using implosion
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01V—GEOPHYSICS; GRAVITATIONAL MEASUREMENTS; DETECTING MASSES OR OBJECTS; TAGS
    • G01V1/00—Seismology; Seismic or acoustic prospecting or detecting
    • G01V1/02—Generating seismic energy
    • G01V1/133—Generating seismic energy using fluidic driving means, e.g. highly pressurised fluids; using implosion
    • G01V1/137—Generating seismic energy using fluidic driving means, e.g. highly pressurised fluids; using implosion which fluid escapes from the generator in a pulsating manner, e.g. for generating bursts, airguns

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of air gun seismic source design, in particular to a marine broadband air gun seismic source based on a combination of virtual and real depth.
  • the air source seismic source commonly used at sea is composed of multiple air guns with different capacities at the same depth.
  • the multi-gun simultaneous excitation method is used to achieve the first wave in-phase superposition, and at the same time, due to the difference in capacity, the bubble oscillation period is different to offset the residual bubbles.
  • the first wave propagates to the surface of the sea, a polarity reversal occurs to form a ghost wave.
  • the existence of ghost waves in the source causes the loss of some specific frequencies in the frequency domain and reduces the resolution of the seismic data, which is called the notch effect.
  • the "neutralization effect” that causes the lack of low frequency can be understood from two aspects: 1) After the high-pressure gas is released into the water, it will generate periodic oscillations. The main frequency of oscillation increases with the increase of the depth of the air gun excitation, and the suppression of low-frequency energy changes Strong, as shown in Figure 1; 2) The notch effect introduced by the ghost wave in the frequency domain weakens with increasing depth, and the suppression of low-frequency energy is weakened, as shown in Figure 2. The two effects interact in the far field, and even a change in depth will not cause a change in low-frequency energy, as shown in Figure 3. It can also be seen from Fig. 3 that ghost wave trapping causes the loss of certain frequencies in the middle and high frequencies, which affects the integrity of the spectrum. At the same time, the notch frequency changes with depth, showing a variety of characteristics.
  • Ni. Et al. (2017) proposed to use auxiliary sources with a smaller capacity than the main source (such as 1/3 of the main source energy) to offset part of the main source ghost wave, which enhanced the low frequency energy to a certain extent.
  • the low frequency improvement is very limited, and at the same time, there is no compensation for the low frequency notch introduced thereby and the original mid and high frequency notch.
  • the cited literature information is as follows: Ni, Y., Shen, H., and Elboth, T. 2017. Method and device for boosting low-frequencies for marine seismicity. US2017 / 0276774A1.
  • the present invention realizes complete cancellation of ghost waves based on auxiliary seismic sources Greatly enhance the low-frequency response, combined with the combination of the true depth of the notch diversity, to achieve the design purpose of the broadband air gun source.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the shortcomings of the prior art. Based on the multi-depth stereo combination, the present invention intends to offset the main source ghost wave by introducing an auxiliary source to break the neutralization effect, improve the low frequency response, and compensate for the mid and high frequency depression Wave, realizing the design of a wideband air gun source in a true sense.
  • the marine broadband air gun source based on the combination of virtual and real depth includes: main source and N-level auxiliary source, N ⁇ 1; the main source is used to obtain the main excitation signal;
  • the first-level auxiliary source is used to excite the first auxiliary excitation signal; the first auxiliary excitation signal and the main excitation signal form the same ghost wave, but the polarity is opposite, the first-level auxiliary source
  • the excitation time of the main source reaches the first-stage auxiliary source, the first-stage auxiliary source's first wave and the main source's ghost wave completely cancel out in the far field;
  • the excitation signal of the next-level auxiliary source is the same as the ghost wave formed by the excitation signal of the previous-level auxiliary source, but the polarity is opposite.
  • the first wave of the secondary auxiliary source and the ghost wave of the secondary auxiliary source completely cancel out in the far field.
  • the main source and the N-level auxiliary source are multi-depth stereo sources.
  • the main source and the N-level auxiliary source are composed of multi-level air gun units at different depths; each air-level unit includes one or more air guns, and the main source and the N-level auxiliary source have the same number of air gun units .
  • the main source and the N-level auxiliary source have the same air gun type, capacity combination, arrangement depth and depth interval.
  • the invention also discloses a deep combined excitation method of the offshore broadband air gun seismic source, including the following steps:
  • the main source which is a multi-depth stereo source
  • design and arrange the N-level auxiliary source according to the main source so that the first auxiliary excitation signal and the main excitation signal form the same ghost wave, but The polarities are opposite, the excitation signal of the auxiliary source of the next level and the excitation signal of the auxiliary source of the previous level form the same ghost wave, but the polarities are opposite;
  • the delayed excitation method is used to excite the main source, so that the first wave of each air source composed of the main source is superimposed in phase;
  • the first-stage auxiliary source is also excited by the delayed excitation method, so that the first wave of the first-stage auxiliary source and the ghost wave of the main source completely cancel out in the far field ;
  • the ghost wave of the secondary auxiliary source reaches the secondary auxiliary source, excite the secondary auxiliary source in the same way, so that the first wave of the secondary auxiliary source is far from the ghost wave of the secondary auxiliary source The field is completely cancelled until the N-level auxiliary sources are all excited.
  • the auxiliary source is not necessarily the same as the main source (combination mode and placement depth, etc.), when the depth of the two is different, the auxiliary source can be changed, and the main source can be adjusted by adjusting the volume, pressure and multi-gun combination mode.
  • the wave field approximated by the ghost wave of the source can also cancel the ghost wave of the main source.
  • the N-level auxiliary source is a multi-depth stereo source.
  • the N-level auxiliary source and the main source are composed of multi-level air gun units at different depths; each air-gun unit includes one or more air guns, the main source and the N-level auxiliary source air gun unit series the same.
  • the step 3) the delayed excitation mode of the auxiliary source is specifically:
  • the ghost wave of the main source is composed of ghost waves excited by the airgun units at all levels of the main source.
  • the ghost waves of the airgun units at all levels arrive at the first-stage auxiliary source at different times;
  • the excitation time of the air gun units of each stage in the first-stage auxiliary source reaches the level of the air gun unit.
  • the airgun units at all levels in the next-level auxiliary source are used to completely eliminate ghost waves generated by the corresponding series of airgun units in the previous-level auxiliary source; their excitation time is generated by the corresponding series of airgun units in the previous-level auxiliary source. The moment the ghost wave reaches the airsoft unit of that level.
  • the main source and the N-level auxiliary source have the same arrangement depth, the same type of air gun, the same volume combination and the same depth interval.
  • the main source or the N-level auxiliary source have different depths
  • the air gun uses a delayed excitation method, and sets different excitation times t i according to the depth:
  • t 0, h s respectively disposed shallowest airgun depth of the main source and in firing time
  • h i, t i is the depth at which the i-th airgun the same source and the corresponding excitation time
  • c is the sound wave in water Velocity
  • N is the secondary source level
  • Sp and Sa represent the main source and auxiliary source respectively.
  • the present invention introduces the auxiliary source Sa on the basis of the design of the conventional source Sp (main source).
  • the ghost wave of Sp reaches the depth of Sa
  • Sa is excited.
  • the first wave caused by Sa and the ghost pole of Sp On the contrary, when the far field is reached, the two cancel each other, so that the final wavelet of the far field is the superposition of the first wave of the main source and the ghost wave of the auxiliary source.
  • the first wave corresponds to the depth h when the main source is excited, and the arrival time of the ghost wave relative to the first wave is further delayed, which is similar to the result of the air gun placed at a virtual depth of 2h, thus breaking the same
  • the present invention proposes to introduce a multi-depth stereo source into a virtual depth source design, place different air guns or sub-arrays at different depths, and use the delayed excitation method to realize the in-phase superposition of the first wave of different air guns, while using the trap wave Diversity of frequency changes with depth, so notch compensation can be performed effectively.
  • the combination of virtual and real depth seismic source of the present invention effectively improves the low frequency response, and at the same time compensates the trap of the horizontal seismic source; it achieves the design purpose of the broadband seismic source wavelet.
  • Figure 1 shows the simulation results of the near-field wavelet when the 250cu.in single gun is excited at different depths.
  • Figure 1 (a) is the time-domain wavelet morphology;
  • Figure 1 (b) is the corresponding spectrum curve.
  • Fig. 2 is the comparison result of the impulse response of the ghost wave trapping effect under different depth excitation conditions.
  • Fig. 2 (a) is the pulse source wavelet shape;
  • Fig. 2 (b) is the corresponding frequency spectrum, in which the sea surface reflection coefficient is assumed to be -1.
  • Fig. 3 is the simulation results of the far-field wavelet excited by the 250cu.in single gun at different depths.
  • Fig. 3 (a) is the time-domain wavelet shape;
  • Fig. 3 (b) is the corresponding spectrum curve.
  • Figure 4 shows the process of virtual depth construction.
  • Fig. 4 (a) is a schematic diagram of the observation system;
  • Fig. 4 (b) is the schematic diagram of the relationship between the excitation time of the main source and auxiliary source and the corresponding ghost wave time.
  • Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the working principle of the virtual depth source.
  • Figure 5 (a) is the time-domain pulse wavelet, assuming that the depth of the main source and auxiliary source is 6m;
  • Figure 5 (b) is the corresponding amplitude spectrum.
  • FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of a virtual depth source based on an inclined air gun mode.
  • the main source and auxiliary source are all combined with multiple air guns arranged at an angle.
  • Figure 8 Schematic diagram of the arrival time of the far-field wavelet of the virtual depth source based on the combination of two layers of depth.
  • Fig. 9 is a comparison result of virtual depth source amplitude adjustment factors based on the combined mode of horizontal (Fig. 8 (a)) and tilt (Fig. 8 (b)).
  • the depth of the horizontal source is 6m
  • Figure 10 is a comparison of a conventional horizontally tuned gun array and a tilted combination simulated virtual depth source containing an auxiliary source.
  • Figure 9 (a) is the wavelet shape in the time domain
  • Figure 9 (b) is the corresponding spectrum curve.
  • the offshore wide-band air gun source based on the combination of virtual and real depth of the present invention includes: a main source and an N-level auxiliary source, N ⁇ 1; of the N-level auxiliary sources, the first-level auxiliary source is used for The first auxiliary excitation signal is obtained by excitation; the first auxiliary excitation signal is the same as the main excitation signal.
  • the excitation time of the first-stage auxiliary source is The first wave completely cancels the ghost wave of the main source; the excitation signal of the next-level auxiliary source is the same as the excitation signal of the previous-level auxiliary source.
  • the excitation time of the next-level auxiliary source is the ghost wave of the previous-level auxiliary source.
  • the secondary source is of the first level
  • the first wave of the secondary source of the next level completely cancels the ghost wave of the secondary source of the previous level.
  • the auxiliary source Sa is introduced on the basis of the design of the conventional source Sp (main source), as shown in FIG. 4 (a).
  • the ghost wave of Sp reaches the depth of Sa
  • Sa is excited.
  • the first wave excited by Sa is opposite to the polarity of the Sp ghost wave.
  • the two cancel each other, so that the final far field
  • the wave is the superposition of the first wave of the main source and the ghost wave of the auxiliary source, as shown in Figure 4 (b).
  • the first wave corresponds to the depth h when the main source is excited, and the arrival time of the ghost wave relative to the first wave is further delayed, which is similar to the result of the air gun placed at a virtual depth of 2h, thus breaking the same The neutralization effect dominated by depth.
  • the simplest method is to design the auxiliary source to have the same composition and placement depth as the main source.
  • Figure 5 shows the virtual depth source with pulse wavelet as an example.
  • the main source and auxiliary source are placed at a depth of 6m.
  • the final ghost wave has twice the time delay , Corresponding to a virtual depth of 12m.
  • low-frequency energy will be compensated, as shown in Figure 5 (b). But correspondingly, a notch will be introduced at about 60 Hz.
  • the final far-field wavelet P (t) can be expressed as:
  • P p (t) is the first wave of the main pulse
  • h is the depth of the main source and auxiliary source
  • c is the speed of the acoustic wave in the water.
  • auxiliary sources can be introduced to offset the ghost waves of the auxiliary source of the previous level, so that the final far-field wavelet P (t) is the ghost wave of the main source first wave and the last auxiliary source Overlay result:
  • n is the number of auxiliary sources. It can be seen from formula (2) that compared with the first wave, the ghost wave can be regarded as the excitation result corresponding to the depth of (n + 1) * h.
  • Formula (2) is Fourier transformed into the frequency domain, and the amplitude spectrum is obtained:
  • P (f) and P p (f) are the amplitude spectra of P (t) and P p (t), respectively.
  • the introduction of the auxiliary source to the change of the first wave can be described by the product term amplitude adjustment factor Scalar.
  • FIG. 6 shows how Scalar changes with the number of auxiliary sources n and frequency f.
  • Scalar> 1 it means that the first wave energy is enhanced, but on the contrary, it is compressed.
  • the ideal situation is that the adjustment factor value of all frequencies is 1, which means that the signal fidelity is high.
  • Fig. 6 shows that for the low frequency part below 7 Hz, when Sa is less than 5, its energy increases approximately linearly as Sa increases, especially for ultra-low frequency signals, such as the 2 Hz signal in the figure, a sufficient amount of Sa (such as 10 in this example) can completely cancel the suppression effect of ghost waves.
  • too much Sa causes the notch frequency to become lower due to the excessive virtual depth, so it shows the characteristics of increasing first and then decreasing.
  • the phenomenon that the introduction of virtual depth leads to the decrease of the notch frequency is consistent with Fig. 5.
  • the low-frequency signal is the dominant method, and the mid- and high-frequency notch introduced by this auxiliary source will not cause much impact.
  • the broadband source is needed to ensure the spectral integrity, Therefore, it is necessary to compensate for the high-frequency notch.
  • the present invention proposes to introduce multi-depth stereoscopic sources into the design of virtual depth sources.
  • the notch frequency f n caused by ghost waves is related to depth and can be expressed as:
  • FIG. 7 shows a schematic diagram of the virtual depth source based on the tilted air gun combination mode.
  • the left part of Fig. 7 is the conventional inclined air gun source, and the right part of the figure is the auxiliary source.
  • the firing time t i of the air gun can be expressed as:
  • h s and t 0 are the depth and excitation time of the shallowest main source air gun, respectively, and h i is the placement depth of the air gun i.
  • the excitation time of each single shot in the auxiliary source is delayed by 2h s / c than the single shot of the main source placed at the same depth.
  • Fig. 8 shows the schematic diagram of the excitation time of each air gun in the virtual depth source combined by two layers of depth. It can be seen that the use of real depth combination can destroy the in-phase superposition of ghost waves, and the differentiated ghost wave arrival time breaks the neutralization effect dominated by the same depth.
  • the final far-field wavelet P (t) can be expressed as:
  • P i (t) is the wavelet of the air gun i
  • Fig. 9 Based on formula (8), the influence of the number of auxiliary sources is simulated, and the results shown in Fig. 9 are obtained. It is assumed here that the main source of the tilt combination is composed of 6 guns and the depth combination is 6-7-8-9-10-11m. The picture on the left is the virtual depth source results based on the horizontal air gun combination mode (depth 6m). It can be clearly seen that as the number of auxiliary sources increases, the low frequency energy is enhanced and the degree of sag is eased, but at the same time, in the same Within the frequency band, the increase in the number of auxiliary sources increases the frequency of notches. For the virtual depth source with tilted air gun combination, the low-frequency improvement effect is equivalent to the horizontal mode.
  • the number of mid- and high-frequency notch waves is significantly lower than that of the conventional horizontal mode.
  • the dominant frequency band excited by the air gun such as 10-150 Hz
  • the second notch will not appear until 4 sets of auxiliary sources are introduced.
  • Figure 10 compares the horizontal source of the 6-gun combination (250-150-100-80-60-40cu.in tuned gun array), the horizontal source of the 12-gun combination (2 groups of 6-gun tuned gun arrays), and the tilt based on 6-11m
  • the model includes a layer of Sa virtual depth source (250-150-100-80-60-40cu.in sequence combination, depth interval 1m) far-field wavelet morphology and spectrum curve.
  • the virtual depth source effectively improves the low frequency response, and at the same time compensates the notch of the horizontal source at 125 Hz.
  • the design purpose of the broadband source wavelet is realized.
  • the virtual source Compared with the combination of 12 guns (the total capacity of the air guns used by the two is the same), the virtual source has a slight advantage for low-frequency enhancement capabilities, and can avoid the high pulses caused by the direct accumulation of conventional volumes (the long and dashed lines in Figure 10 (a)). Damage to the environment.
  • the auxiliary source is not necessarily the same as the main source (combination mode and placement depth, etc.).
  • the auxiliary source needs to be changed, and the main source can be obtained by adjusting the volume, pressure and multi-gun combination mode.
  • the wave field approximated by the ghost wave of the source can also cancel the ghost wave of the main source.

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  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
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Abstract

L'invention concerne des sources sismiques marines combinées de canons à air à large bande basées sur des profondeurs virtuelles et réelles, comprenant une source sismique primaire et des sources sismiques secondaires de niveau N, dans lesquelles une première onde d'une source sismique secondaire de premier niveau parmi les sources sismiques secondaires de niveau N et une onde fantôme de la source sismique primaire sont complètement supprimées au niveau d'une extrémité de champ lointain ; une première onde d'une source sismique secondaire de niveau inférieur et une onde fantôme d'une source sismique secondaire de niveau supérieur sont complètement supprimées au niveau de l'extrémité de champ lointain ; les sources sismiques secondaires sont équivalentes à des sources sismiques de canons à air établies à une profondeur virtuelle spécifique ; la source sismique primaire et les sources sismiques secondaires de niveau N sont en outre conçues sous la forme d'un réseau de canons à air comportant une combinaison de profondeurs réelles ; et la superposition, dans une phase, des premières ondes de canons à air à différentes profondeurs dans la source sismique primaire peut être obtenue à l'aide d'un mode d'excitation retardée. La présente invention permet d'améliorer efficacement une réponse basse fréquence tout en compensant simultanément des encoches de domaine fréquentiel introduites par les ondes fantômes des profondeurs virtuelles et réelles, et d'obtenir une conception d'ondelettes de source sismique à large bande.
PCT/CN2018/115606 2018-11-15 2018-11-15 Sources sismiques marines combinées de canons à air à large bande basées sur des profondeurs virtuelles et réelles Ceased WO2020097844A1 (fr)

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Cited By (5)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115877440A (zh) * 2022-12-23 2023-03-31 中海石油(中国)有限公司 立体排列和延迟激发拓宽气枪震源子波频带的方法及应用
CN116992616A (zh) * 2022-12-23 2023-11-03 中海石油(中国)有限公司 一种构造尖脉冲子波提高气枪震源低频能量的方法及应用
CN117192598A (zh) * 2023-09-06 2023-12-08 深地科学与工程云龙湖实验室 一种利用气枪容量、激发深度和点火时间组合压制负压空气枪震源子波旁瓣的方法
CN120103453A (zh) * 2023-12-04 2025-06-06 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 多源气枪激发被动源近场子波处理成像的方法及装置
CN120103453B (zh) * 2023-12-04 2026-05-01 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 多源气枪激发被动源近场子波处理成像的方法及装置

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CN103582828A (zh) * 2011-06-08 2014-02-12 格库技术有限公司 在海洋同步可控震源采集中提升低频分量
CN104049278A (zh) * 2014-06-24 2014-09-17 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所 多震源多拖缆触发时序控制系统及方法
US20170276774A1 (en) * 2014-10-07 2017-09-28 Cgg Services Sas Method and device for boosting low-frequencies for a marine seismic survey

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US20120014212A1 (en) * 2010-07-19 2012-01-19 Conocophillips Company Continuous composite relatively adjusted pulse
CN103582828A (zh) * 2011-06-08 2014-02-12 格库技术有限公司 在海洋同步可控震源采集中提升低频分量
US20130333974A1 (en) * 2012-06-15 2013-12-19 Westerngeco L.L.C. Source acquisition with multiple frequency components
CN104049278A (zh) * 2014-06-24 2014-09-17 国家海洋局第一海洋研究所 多震源多拖缆触发时序控制系统及方法
US20170276774A1 (en) * 2014-10-07 2017-09-28 Cgg Services Sas Method and device for boosting low-frequencies for a marine seismic survey

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN115877440A (zh) * 2022-12-23 2023-03-31 中海石油(中国)有限公司 立体排列和延迟激发拓宽气枪震源子波频带的方法及应用
CN116992616A (zh) * 2022-12-23 2023-11-03 中海石油(中国)有限公司 一种构造尖脉冲子波提高气枪震源低频能量的方法及应用
CN117192598A (zh) * 2023-09-06 2023-12-08 深地科学与工程云龙湖实验室 一种利用气枪容量、激发深度和点火时间组合压制负压空气枪震源子波旁瓣的方法
CN120103453A (zh) * 2023-12-04 2025-06-06 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 多源气枪激发被动源近场子波处理成像的方法及装置
CN120103453B (zh) * 2023-12-04 2026-05-01 中国石油天然气集团有限公司 多源气枪激发被动源近场子波处理成像的方法及装置

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