WO2020101468A1 - Procédé et appareil de stérilisation de fruits de palmier à huile - Google Patents

Procédé et appareil de stérilisation de fruits de palmier à huile Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020101468A1
WO2020101468A1 PCT/MY2019/050018 MY2019050018W WO2020101468A1 WO 2020101468 A1 WO2020101468 A1 WO 2020101468A1 MY 2019050018 W MY2019050018 W MY 2019050018W WO 2020101468 A1 WO2020101468 A1 WO 2020101468A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
vessel
oil palm
fruit bunches
palm fruit
steam
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/MY2019/050018
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English (en)
Inventor
Yin Foo YAP
Tung Loy LAI
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
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Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of WO2020101468A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020101468A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B2/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
    • A23B2/001—Details of apparatus, e.g. pressure feed valves or for transport, or loading or unloading manipulation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B2/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general
    • A23B2/40—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by heating loose unpacked materials
    • A23B2/405—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general by heating loose unpacked materials in solid state
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B7/00—Preservation of fruit or vegetables; Chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/005—Preserving by heating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23B—PRESERVATION OF FOODS, FOODSTUFFS OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES
    • A23B7/00—Preservation of fruit or vegetables; Chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
    • A23B7/005—Preserving by heating
    • A23B7/0053—Preserving by heating by direct or indirect contact with heating gases or liquids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23N—MACHINES OR APPARATUS FOR TREATING HARVESTED FRUIT, VEGETABLES OR FLOWER BULBS IN BULK, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; PEELING VEGETABLES OR FRUIT IN BULK; APPARATUS FOR PREPARING ANIMAL FEEDING- STUFFS
    • A23N15/00—Machines or apparatus for other treatment of fruits or vegetables for human purposes; Machines or apparatus for topping or skinning flower bulbs
    • A23N15/06—Devices for other treatment of fruit, e.g. marking, maturing, polishing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/02—Pretreatment
    • C11B1/04—Pretreatment of vegetable raw material

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a process and an apparatus for sterilizing oil palm fruits. More particularly, the invention relates to an apparatus having a treatment vessel equipped with a means to retards free fall flow of the oil palm fruit bunches and to segregate the oil palm fruit bunches loaded therein to several partitions in order to minimize vertical pressure load on the oil palm fruits.
  • Sterilization process in palm oil mill operation is the first step in the sequence of processes to extract the oil. It is typically a batch process using steam for heating or cooking the oil palm fruits. While the main function of the fruit sterilization is to deactivate enzymes in the fruits which may cause fermentation thereto, the sterilization process is also intended for loosening the fruits from the fruit bunches.
  • Vertical sterilizer is one of the common types of oil palm fruit sterilizer used in the palm oil mill operation for sterilizing the harvested fruits.
  • Prior art GB 2421169 A discloses a vertical sterilizer that sterilizes fruit with steam and water. The water is introduced into the sterilizer for displacing air, washing the fruits, and damping the impact on the fruit during movement in the sterilizer.
  • Prior art MY 164435 A reveals a system for sterilization of oil palm fruit comprising a sterilizer equipped with a damping member for reducing gravitational impact of the received fruit bunches prior to settling in the sterilizer. Pressurized steam is distributed into the sterilizer through a plurality of vertical conduits spaced apart to each other on inner surface of the sterilizer.
  • the main aspect of the present invention is to provide a process for sterilizing oil palm fruit bunches that is improved in terms of shorter sterilization cycle.
  • This object can be achieved by introducing pressurized steam starting from top to bottom portion of a treatment vessel to remove cold air trapped therein. In the absence of the cold air, desirable temperature can be easily reached within short duration of time for sterilization process.
  • Another aspect of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for sterilizing oil palm fruit bunches that can minimize vertical pressure load on the fruits, especially those that settle at the bottom portion of the treament vessel.
  • Yet another aspect of the present invention is to provide an apparatus for sterilizing oil palm fruit bunches that is able to retard free fall flow of the oil palm fruit bunches which are gravity fed through the treatment vessel, thereby avoiding impact damage to the outer layer of the oil palm fruit.
  • the embodiment of the present invention describes a process for treating oil palm fruit bunches comprising the steps of introducing the oil palm fruit bunches to be treated into a treatment vessel (101) for gravity feed through the vessel (101); retarding the free fall flow of the oil palm fruit bunches during its passage through the vessel (101) to mitigate the compaction of the fruit bunches within the vessel (101); and discharging the sterilized oil palm fruit bunches from the treatment vessel (101).
  • the oil palm fruit bunches loaded in the treatment vessel (101) is segregated into several partitions to reduce vertical pressure load on the oil palm fruit bunches which settle at the bottom portion of the vessel (101).
  • the process aforementioned further comprising a step of feeding pressurized steam into the treatment vessel (101), starting from top to bottom portion of the vessel (101) through a first steam distributing unit (102), followed by a second steam distributing unit (103) that is installed below the first steam distributing unit (102), for facilitating removal of cold air trapped in the vessel (101) and for sterilizing the oil palm fruit bunches.
  • the steam is fed into the treatment vessel (101) at a pressure of about 20- 40 psi.
  • the process aforementioned facilitates the detachment of the oil palm fruits from the bunches.
  • the present invention also discloses an apparatus (100) for treating oil palm fruit bunches comprising a vertical treatment vessel (101) in which the oil palm fruit bunches to be treated is gravity fed therethrough; a fruit bunch inlet for introducing the oil palm fruit bunches to sterilized into the vessel (101); a fruit bunch outlet for discharging the treated oil palm fruit bunches from the vessel (101); and a means (108) to retard the free fall flow of the oil palm fruit bunches through the vessel (101) to mitigate compaction of the fruit within the vessel (101).
  • the means (108) to retard the free fall of the oil palm fruit bunches comprises a restriction in the internal cross section of the treatment vessel. It is preferable that the restriction comprises at least one partition having a passageway through which the oil palm fruit bunches pass. Preferably, each partition has an inverted frusto-conical configuration.
  • the apparatus (100) aforementioned further comprising a first steam distributing unit (102) installed at the top portion of the vessel (101), wherein, when in use, steam is introduced into the vessel (101) through the first steam distributing unit (102) so that cold air trapped therein can be removed from top to bottom portion of the vessel (101) and exit through a steam discharging outlet (109).
  • the apparatus (100) aforementioned further comprising one or more steam distributing units (103, 104) that are vertically spaced apart to each other.
  • the apparatus (100) aforementioned further comprising a vertical spindle (110) positioned within the vessel (101), equipped with a vertical screw conveyor (111) at the bottom thereof for facilitating the discharging of the fruit from the fruit bunch outlet (107). It is preferable that the upper and middle portion of the vertical spindle (110) are fitted with a plurality of flexible blades (112) for breaking arch formed by the fruit bunches.
  • Yet another preferred embodiment is an apparatus (100) aforementioned further comprising a hydraulic motor (113) for powering the rotation of the vertical spindle (110).
  • a further preferred embodiment describes an apparatus (100) aforementioned further comprising an outlet (114) at the bottommost of the vessel (101) for discharging condensate therefrom.
  • Figure 1 shows a side view of an apparatus (100) according to one preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 2 shows a means (8) to retard the free fall of the oil palm fruit bunches in the treatment vessel (101) of an apparatus (100) according to one preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a side view of an apparatus (100) having segregated zones loaded with the oil palm fruit bunches in the treatment vessel (101) according to one preferred embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG 4 shows introduction of steam into the treatment vessel (101), beginning from the top portion (zone A), followed by middle portion (zone B) and lower portion (zone C) thereof.
  • Figure 5 shows introduction of the oil palm fruit bunches to be treated into the treatment vessel (101) through the fruit bunch inlet (106).
  • Figure 6 shows oil palm fruit bunches bounce off the damping unit (121) according to one preferred embodiment.
  • Figure 7 shows discharging of the treated oil palm fruit bunches through the fruit bunch outlet (107).
  • Figure 8 shows removal of steam and condensate comprising palm oil through a steam discharging outlet (109) and outlet (114) for discharging condensate respectively.
  • the present invention relates to a process for treating oil palm fruit bunches comprising the steps of introducing the oil palm fruit bunches to be treated into a treatment vessel (101) for gravity feed through the vessel (101); retarding the free fall flow of the oil palm fruit bunches during its passage through the vessel (101) to mitigate the compaction of the fruit bunches within the vessel (101); and discharging the sterilized oil palm fruit bunches from the treatment vessel (101).
  • the treatment vessel (101) described herein can be referred as a sterilizing chamber.
  • the treatment process described herein refers to an oil palm fruit bunches sterilization process.
  • the oil palm fruit bunches loaded in the treatment vessel (101) is segregated into several partitions to reduce vertical pressure load on the oil palm fruit bunches which settle at the bottom portion of the vessel (101).
  • the segregation of the oil palm fruit bunches load into partitions can mitigate the compaction of fruit in the vessel (101), thereby minimizing the amount of oil squeezed out from the oil palm fruit.
  • the process aforementioned further comprising a step of feeding pressurized steam into the treatment vessel (101), starting from top to bottom portion of the vessel through a first steam distributing unit (102), followed by a second steam distributing unit (103) that is installed below the first steam distributing unit (102), for facilitating removal of cold air trapped in the vessel (101) and for sterilizing the oil palm fruit bunches.
  • a suitable steam pressure is preferably used for sterilization.
  • the heat from the pressurized steam is important to cause the moisture in the nuts to expand.
  • the pressure is reduced the contraction of the nut leads to the detachment of the kernel from the shell wall, thus loosening the kernels within their shells.
  • the detachment of the kernel from the shell wall greatly facilitates later nut cracking operations.
  • the steam is preferably fed into the treatment vessel (101) at a pressure of about 20-40 psi.
  • the sterilization process aforementioned is able to weaken the pulp structure of the oil palm fruit, softening it and making it easier to detach from the bunches.
  • the present invention also relates to an apparatus (100) for treating oil palm fruit bunches
  • the apparatus (100) according to one preferred embodiment is illustrated in Figure 1.
  • the oil palm fruit bunches to be treated are transferred from a source to the apparatus (100) via a conveyor system (115), and loaded into the vessel (101) through a chute (116), followed by the fruit bunch inlet (106). As depicted in Figure 5, the oil palm fruit bunches are gravity fed into the vessel (101) through the fruit bunch inlet (106).
  • the means (108) to retard the free fall of the oil palm fruit bunches comprises a restriction in the internal cross section of the treatment vessel (101). It is preferable that the restriction comprises at least one partition having a passageway through which the oil palm fruit bunches pass.
  • each partition has an inverted frusto-conical configuration as shown in Figure 2.
  • the apparatus (100) of the present invention comprises 2 inverted frusto-conical partitions (108) that restricts the passthrough of the oil palm fruit bunches through the vessel (101).
  • the inverted frusto- conical partitions (108) are vertically spaced apart from each other, thereby enabling the fruit bunches loaded in the vessel (101) to be separated into zone A, B and C.
  • the presence of the inverted frusto-conical partitions (108) can minimize the palm oil from squeezing out from stressed oil palm fruits as a result of high vertical pressure load exerted thereon.
  • one or more damping units (121) are therefore included in the apparatus (100) of the present invention.
  • the damping unit (121) preferably has a bulging surface on top thereof to bounce the oil palm fruit bunches to the side wall (122) instead of allowing the fruit bunches to directly free fall through the vessel (101).
  • the apparatus (100) aforementioned further comprising a first steam distributing unit (102) installed at the top portion of the vessel (101), wherein, when in use, steam is introduced into the vessel (101) through the first steam distributing unit (102) so that cold air trapped therein can be removed from top to bottom portion of the vessel (101) and exit through a steam discharging outlet (109).
  • a first steam distributing unit (102) installed at the top portion of the vessel (101), wherein, when in use, steam is introduced into the vessel (101) through the first steam distributing unit (102) so that cold air trapped therein can be removed from top to bottom portion of the vessel (101) and exit through a steam discharging outlet (109).
  • the apparatus (100) comprising one or more steam distributing units (103, 104) that are vertically spaced apart to each other. It is preferable that the additional steam distributing units (103, 104) are installed beneath the means (108) to retard the free of the oil palm fruit bunches.
  • the first steam distributing unit (102) is installed near the fruit bunch inlet (106).
  • the steam provided is pressurized and the steam pressure in the treatment vessel (101) is controlled by one or more steam inlet valves (105). In a preferred embodiment, the steam pressure is maintained at between about 20-40 psi.
  • the apparatus (100) preferably comprises a plurality of steam distributing units (102, 103, 104) that are vertically spaced apart to each other in the vessel.
  • a second (103) and third (104) steam distributing units are placed somewhere below the means (108) to retard the free fall of the oil palm fruit.
  • the steam is initially introduced into the vessel (101) through the first steam distributing unit (102).
  • the second steam distributing unit (103) disposed below a first inverted frusto-conical partitions (108a) will be activated to feed steam into zone B of the vessel (101).
  • the third steam distributing unit installed below a second inverted frusto-conical partitions (108b) will be activated to supply steam into the zone C of the vessel (101).
  • the hot steam rises up in the vessel (101) the cold air therein will be forced towards the bottom thereof and exits through the steam discharging outlet (109) located somewhere below the tapered bottom portion (117) of the vessel.
  • the vertical spindle (110) is positioned vertically somewhere in the middle within the treatment vessel (101) and a vertical screw conveyor (111) is attached at the bottom thereof.
  • the vessel (101) has a tapered bottom (117) to concentrate the oil palm fruit towards the vertical screw conveyor (111).
  • the vertical spindle (110) is provided with a plurality of flexible blades (112). It is preferable that the rotation of the vertical spindle (110) is powered by a hydraulic motor unit (113). When in use, the rotation of the vertical spindle (110) drives the movement of the vertical screw conveyor (111) and the flexible blades (112) in a clockwise manner.
  • the vertical screw conveyor (111) moves the fruit load downwards towards the fruit discharging outlet (107) while the flexible blades (112) break the arch formed by the fruit bunches.
  • the vertical spindle (110) is supported and maintained by a plurality of steel bars (118) connecting the inner surface of the vessel (101) thereto.
  • the treatment vessel (101) is disposed on top of a supporting stand (119). It is preferable that a conveyor system (120) is placed underneath the vessel (101) and the fruit bunch discharging outlet (107) for transferring the sterilized fruit bunches to subsequent treatment process.
  • the apparatus (100) as set forth in the preceding description further comprising an outlet (114) at the bottommost of the treatment vessel (101) for discharging condensate therefrom.
  • The“condensate” used herein refers to the liquid phase produced by the condensation of steam. As shown in the Figure 8, the condensate may partially mixed with the palm oil, the collected condensate from the outlet (114) is thus preferably processed for oil extraction.
  • the fruit bunch inlet After feeding the fresh fruit bunches into the treatment vessel, the fruit bunch inlet is closed. Pressurized steam at about 20 psi is supplied into the zone A of the vessel through the first steam distributing unit, followed by steam introduction into the zone B and C through the second and third steam distributing units. By supplying the pressurized steam at all 3 zones, the cold air contained inside the vessel will be forced out through the air inlet.
  • the steam pressure is increased gradually to about 40 psi from about 20 psi within about 30 minutes to complete the first cooking cycle.
  • the cooking is further cooked for about 40 minutes to complete the first sterilization process.
  • the steam contained within the treatment vessel will be removed through the steam discharging outlet.
  • the first steam distributing unit will be activated to introduce fresh steam at the pressure of about 40 psi.
  • the steam pressure is later gradually reduced from about 40 psi to about 20 psi for about 4-5 minutes. Thereafter, the steam distributing unit is deactivated and the apparatus is ready for 2 nd sterilization cycle.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Food Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé de traitement de grappes de fruits de palmier à huile comprenant les étapes consistant à introduire les grappes de fruits de palmier à huile devant être traitées dans une cuve de traitement (101) pour une alimentation par gravité à travers la cuve (101) ; à retarder le flux de chute libre des grappes de fruits de palmier à huile pendant leur passage à travers la cuve (101) pour atténuer le compactage des grappes de fruits à l'intérieur de la cuve ; et à évacuer les grappes de fruits de palmier à huile stérilisées de la cuve de traitement (101).
PCT/MY2019/050018 2018-11-13 2019-03-08 Procédé et appareil de stérilisation de fruits de palmier à huile Ceased WO2020101468A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
MYPI2018704251 2018-11-13
MYPI2018704251A MY185621A (en) 2018-11-13 2018-11-13 Process and apparatus for sterilizing oil palm fruit

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020101468A1 true WO2020101468A1 (fr) 2020-05-22

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PCT/MY2019/050018 Ceased WO2020101468A1 (fr) 2018-11-13 2019-03-08 Procédé et appareil de stérilisation de fruits de palmier à huile

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MY (1) MY185621A (fr)
WO (1) WO2020101468A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2025012751A1 (fr) * 2023-07-07 2025-01-16 Ng Say Bock Procédé pour extraire de l'eau d'un régime de fruits frais du palmier à huile

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008033004A1 (fr) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-20 Heng Mun Lew Stérilisateurs destinés au traitement de grappes de fruits de palmier à huile et de fruits similaires
WO2008060135A1 (fr) * 2006-11-17 2008-05-22 Heng Mun Lew Stérilisateur amélioré
WO2017043955A1 (fr) * 2014-03-13 2017-03-16 Loh Thim Thak Stérilisateur amélioré pour traitement de fruits de palmier à huile et similaires

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2008033004A1 (fr) * 2006-09-12 2008-03-20 Heng Mun Lew Stérilisateurs destinés au traitement de grappes de fruits de palmier à huile et de fruits similaires
WO2008060135A1 (fr) * 2006-11-17 2008-05-22 Heng Mun Lew Stérilisateur amélioré
WO2017043955A1 (fr) * 2014-03-13 2017-03-16 Loh Thim Thak Stérilisateur amélioré pour traitement de fruits de palmier à huile et similaires

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2025012751A1 (fr) * 2023-07-07 2025-01-16 Ng Say Bock Procédé pour extraire de l'eau d'un régime de fruits frais du palmier à huile

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
MY185621A (en) 2021-05-26

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