WO2020140134A1 - Compositions explosives à fumée réduite - Google Patents

Compositions explosives à fumée réduite Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020140134A1
WO2020140134A1 PCT/AU2019/051422 AU2019051422W WO2020140134A1 WO 2020140134 A1 WO2020140134 A1 WO 2020140134A1 AU 2019051422 W AU2019051422 W AU 2019051422W WO 2020140134 A1 WO2020140134 A1 WO 2020140134A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
explosive composition
explosive
coated urea
emulsion
composition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/AU2019/051422
Other languages
English (en)
Inventor
Zoe Smith
Brendan GRIGGS
Jeff GORE
Nathan PARIS
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific Pty Ltd
Original Assignee
Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific Pty Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from AU2019900023A external-priority patent/AU2019900023A0/en
Application filed by Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific Pty Ltd filed Critical Dyno Nobel Asia Pacific Pty Ltd
Publication of WO2020140134A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020140134A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
    • C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
    • C06B31/285—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate with fuel oil, e.g. ANFO-compositions
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B23/00—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents
    • C06B23/02—Compositions characterised by non-explosive or non-thermic constituents for neutralising poisonous gases from explosives produced during blasting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt
    • C06B31/28—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt the salt being ammonium nitrate
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
    • C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42D—BLASTING
    • F42D1/00—Blasting methods or apparatus, e.g. loading or tamping
    • F42D1/08—Tamping methods; Methods for loading boreholes with explosives; Apparatus therefor
    • F42D1/10—Feeding explosives in granular or slurry form; Feeding explosives by pneumatic or hydraulic pressure
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
    • C06B31/00—Compositions containing an inorganic nitrogen-oxygen salt

Definitions

  • the present disclosure relates generally to explosives. More specifically, the present disclosure relates to explosive compositions with reduced fume.
  • Explosive compositions that generate reduced levels of nitrogen oxide upon detonation are disclosed herein, along with related methods. Explosive compositions are commonly used in the mining, quarrying, and excavation industries for breaking rocks and ore. Generally, a hole, referred to as a“blasthole,” is drilled into a surface, such as the ground. An explosive composition is placed in the blasthole and then subsequently detonated.
  • the explosive composition includes i) an explosive including ammonium nitrate and fuel oil (ANFO) and ii) coated urea.
  • the explosive is an explosive blend and further comprises an emulsion.
  • “Emulsion” as used herein encompasses both unsensitized emulsion matrix and emulsion that has been sensitized into emulsion explosive.
  • the unsensitized emulsion matrix may be transportable as a UN Class 5.1 oxidizer.
  • Emulsion explosives include a sufficient amount of sensitizing agent to render the emulsion detonable with standard detonators. The emulsion may be sensitized at the blast site or even in the blasthole.
  • the sensitizing agent is a chemical gassing agent. In some embodiments, the sensitizing agent includes hollow microspheres or other solid gas-entraining agents. In some embodiments, the sensitizing agent is gas bubbles that have been mechanically introduced into the emulsion. The introduction of gas bubbles into the emulsion may decrease the density of the emulsion that is delivered to the blasthole.
  • the explosive compositions may have an energy similar to standard heavy ANFO and/or gassed emulsion blend products.
  • the explosive compositions can include coated urea, which may reduce the energy of the explosive composition by the incorporation percentage of the coated urea.
  • coated urea as described herein, can allow for the use of prill in blends in ground that may be prone to generating a significant level of fume. The majority of fume generally arises from the incomplete reaction of ammonium nitrate contained in the prill when blasting in certain ground types (e.g., ground that is cracked and/or fissured, ground with relatively high water levels, and/or ground comprising certain types of clay).
  • the explosive compositions provided herein may be useful for the blasting of ground that requires a relatively high level of “heave” energy (i.e., that found in blasting coal overburden). Heave energy can be provided by the presence of ammonium nitrate prill; however, it is the ammonium nitrate prill that can also generate post-blast NOx fume. Inclusion of coated urea in the explosive composition can reduce the level of fume generated due to the formation of scavenging chemical species during and/or immediately after a detonation reaction.
  • NOx oxides of nitrogen
  • an explosive composition may include ammonium nitrate, uncoated urea, and emulsion. It has been observed, that as the amount of ammonium nitrate relative to emulsion is increased in such an explosive composition, liquefaction of the ammonium nitrate and uncoated urea can occur at ambient temperatures, which can result in column slumping (e.g., in a blasthole). For example, as the critical relative humidity of the key solids is relatively low in combination, decreased levels of emulsion and increased ammonium nitrate to urea ratios can create a mixture wherein liquefaction and slumping may occur.
  • the explosive compositions provided herein include coated urea as described in further detail below. Liquefaction and column slumping can be avoided with the explosive compositions disclosed herein.
  • the explosive composition may include ammonium nitrate, fuel oil, and coated urea without emulsion or with only minimal amounts of emulsion (e.g., 10-50% emulsion or even only 10-20% emulsion).
  • the emulsion may be sensitized or unsensitized.
  • the explosive composition may exhibit reduced post-blast nitrogen oxide production and increased energy relative to other low-fume products.
  • An aspect of the disclosure is directed to explosive compositions.
  • the explosive composition can include i) an explosive including ammonium nitrate and fuel oil and ii) coated urea.
  • the ratio of the explosive to the coated urea may be from about 1 :1 to about 3:1 , about 1 .25:1 to about 2.75:1 , about 1 .5:1 to about 2.5:1 , or about 1 .75:1 to about 2.25:1 .
  • Examples of fuel oil include, but are not limited to, liquid fuels such as diesel fuel, kerosene, and combinations thereof. Any fuel oil known in the art and compatible with ammonium nitrate and coated urea may be used.
  • the explosive composition may include from about 0.5 weight percent (wt%) to about 30 wt%, about 1 wt% to about 20 wt%, about 5 wt% to about 20 wt%, or less than about 5 wt% coated urea.
  • the coated urea may be in the form of prills or granules.
  • the coated urea may include a coating that inhibits, prevents, or resists the passage of water (e.g., a water resistant coating).
  • the water resistant coating may be selected from at least one of a polymer, a wax, a stearate, a silicone polymer, a hydrophobic clay, a hydrophobic silica, a hydrophobic and particulate solid, a dimer acid, an oligomeric acid, and/or a combination thereof.
  • the water resistant coating may be a polymer selected from at least one of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), low-density polyethylene (LDPE), high-density polyethylene (HDPE), low-density polypropylene (LDPP), high-density polypropylene (HDPP), a polyamide, a polyester, polylactic acid, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polystyrene, and/or a combination thereof.
  • PET polyethylene terephthalate
  • LDPE low-density polyethylene
  • HDPE high-density polyethylene
  • LDPP low-density polypropylene
  • HDPP high-density polypropylene
  • a polyamide a polyester, polylactic acid, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polystyrene, and/or a combination thereof.
  • ABS acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
  • the coating may reduce
  • the explosive composition may further include an emulsion.
  • the explosive composition may include from about 10 wt% to about 60 wt%, about 20 wt% to about 50 wt%, or about 30 wt% to about 40 wt % emulsion.
  • the explosive composition is not particularly limited in the amount of emulsion that can be incorporated into the blend; however, one of the advantages of the explosive composition is that low emulsion blends are possible without liquefaction of the ammonium nitrate and urea. Any emulsion known in the art and compatible with the ammonium nitrate, the fuel oil, and the coated urea may be used.
  • the explosive composition may be water resistant.
  • the explosive composition may be resistant to liquefaction in humid and warm conditions.
  • the critical relative humidity (CRH) for an ammonium nitrate-urea blend is 18.1 % at 30 °C; accordingly the blends can adsorb moisture readily.
  • the presence of emulsion at low levels e.g., from about 0 wt% to about 60 wt%) can add water to the system due to diffusion out from the oxidizer and can decrease the available sleep time due to the mutual dissolution of ammonium nitrate and uncoated urea.
  • the ammonium nitrate emulsion (ANE) can coat the prill and slow down the absorption of moisture.
  • high emulsion blends may not require coated urea for usable sleep times.
  • the coating can allow for significantly longer sleep times.
  • the color of the coating may also add to the visual appeal of the blend.
  • the explosive composition may be resistant to liquefaction.
  • the explosive composition upon disposition of the explosive composition in a blasthole, the explosive composition may avoid or be resistant to slumping.
  • production of post-blast nitrogen oxide may be reduced.
  • the explosive compositions as provided herein can exhibit lowered or reduced amounts or levels of post-blast nitrogen oxide.
  • Another aspect of the disclosure is directed to methods of loading a blasthole with an explosive composition.
  • the method may include i) mixing an explosive comprising ammonium nitrate and fuel oil with coated urea to form an explosive composition and ii) delivering the explosive composition to the blasthole.
  • the method may further include adding an emulsion to the explosive composition prior to delivering the explosive composition to the blasthole.
  • a mobile processing unit MPU having three bins (i.e. , a standard MPU)
  • the ammonium nitrate and the coated urea may be combined together using a“grouper” mixer (i.e., two augers are combined into one stream and the mixed product is augered into the bin).
  • a“grouper” mixer i.e., two augers are combined into one stream and the mixed product is augered into the bin.
  • the coated urea may be loaded into a“bulking agent” bin, which is then mixed with ammonium nitrate and fuel oil on the MPU
  • any combination of the components and the amounts or concentrations thereof described in reference to the explosive compositions as provided above may also be incorporated into the methods of loading a blasthole with the explosive compositions.
  • any of the characteristics or measurements of the explosive compositions as provided above e.g., water resistance and liquefaction resistance
  • the method may include detonating the explosive composition in the blasthole. Upon detonation of the explosive composition, the production of post-blast nitrogen oxide may be lowered or reduced relative to the amount of post-blast nitrogen oxide generated by a control explosive agent as described above.
  • Another aspect of the disclosure is directed to methods of reducing post-blast nitrogen oxide.
  • the method may include i) mixing an explosive including ammonium nitrate and fuel oil with coated urea to form an explosive composition and ii) delivering the explosive composition to a blasthole.
  • the method may further include adding an emulsion to the explosive composition prior to delivering the explosive composition to the blasthole.
  • any combination of the components and the amounts or concentrations thereof described in reference to the explosive compositions as provided above may also be incorporated into the methods of reducing post-blast nitrogen oxide. Furthermore, any of the characteristics or measurements of the explosive compositions as provided above may also be applicable to the explosive compositions used in the methods of reducing post-blast nitrogen oxide.
  • the method may include detonating the explosive composition in the blasthole. Upon detonation of the explosive composition, the production of post-blast nitrogen oxide may be lowered or reduced relative to the amount of post-blast nitrogen oxide generated by a control explosive agent as described above.
  • Blends including 30 wt%, 40 wt%, and 50 wt% emulsion with an initial ANFO:coated urea ratio of 3:1 were investigated for their physical properties with regards to explosives performance. Coated urea concentrations ranging from 5 wt% to 20 wt% were also investigated to establish upper and lower limits for such blends. Product stability, water resistance, and compression of the blends were assessed and no significant differences to standard/control were observed. In comparison, severe liquefaction of the solid components was observed with the use of uncoated urea. Accordingly, the coating effectively made the urea component inert for the testing.
  • Any methods disclosed herein include one or more steps or actions for performing the described method.
  • the method steps and/or actions may be interchanged with one another.
  • the order and/or use of specific steps and/or actions may be modified.
  • sub-routines or only a portion of a method described herein may be a separate method within the scope of this disclosure. Stated otherwise, some methods may include only a portion of the steps described in a more detailed method.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne des compositions explosives comprenant de l'urée revêtue et un explosif comprenant du nitrate d'ammonium et de l'huile combustible. Les compositions explosives peuvent générer des niveaux réduits d'oxyde d'azote lors de la détonation. L'invention concerne également des procédés de chargement d'un trou de mine avec les compositions explosives et des procédés de réduction de l'oxyde d'azote post-explosion.
PCT/AU2019/051422 2019-01-04 2019-12-20 Compositions explosives à fumée réduite Ceased WO2020140134A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AU2019900023A AU2019900023A0 (en) 2019-01-04 Explosive compositions with reduced fume
AU2019900023 2019-01-04

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2020140134A1 true WO2020140134A1 (fr) 2020-07-09

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PCT/AU2019/051422 Ceased WO2020140134A1 (fr) 2019-01-04 2019-12-20 Compositions explosives à fumée réduite

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US (1) US20200216369A1 (fr)
AR (1) AR117962A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2020140134A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024098118A1 (fr) * 2022-11-11 2024-05-16 Proactive Ground Solutions Pty Ltd Additif explosif

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US20220074288A1 (en) * 2019-01-16 2022-03-10 Halliburton Energy Services, Inc. Shaped charge utilizing polymer coated petn

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0895055A2 (fr) * 1997-07-24 1999-02-03 Dyno Nobel Inc. Procédé pour la prévention d'une explosion de la poussière de sulfide pendant une opération de sautage
RU2200724C1 (ru) * 2002-01-09 2003-03-20 ООО "Кузбассвзрывцентр" Горючее для изготовления гранулитов
WO2003055830A1 (fr) * 2001-12-27 2003-07-10 Dyno Nobel Asa Procede relatif a l'elaboration d'un explosif a emulsion sensible
WO2017035594A1 (fr) * 2015-09-01 2017-03-09 The University Of Sydney Agent de sautage

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0895055A2 (fr) * 1997-07-24 1999-02-03 Dyno Nobel Inc. Procédé pour la prévention d'une explosion de la poussière de sulfide pendant une opération de sautage
WO2003055830A1 (fr) * 2001-12-27 2003-07-10 Dyno Nobel Asa Procede relatif a l'elaboration d'un explosif a emulsion sensible
RU2200724C1 (ru) * 2002-01-09 2003-03-20 ООО "Кузбассвзрывцентр" Горючее для изготовления гранулитов
WO2017035594A1 (fr) * 2015-09-01 2017-03-09 The University Of Sydney Agent de sautage

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2024098118A1 (fr) * 2022-11-11 2024-05-16 Proactive Ground Solutions Pty Ltd Additif explosif

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AR117962A1 (es) 2021-09-08
US20200216369A1 (en) 2020-07-09

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