WO2020161801A1 - Procédé et dispositif ayant pour objet des poissons ou fruits de mer destinés à les tranquilliser fortement ou à les anesthésier pendant une longue durée sous l'effet d'un oxyde nitreux, et à les réveiller - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif ayant pour objet des poissons ou fruits de mer destinés à les tranquilliser fortement ou à les anesthésier pendant une longue durée sous l'effet d'un oxyde nitreux, et à les réveiller Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020161801A1
WO2020161801A1 PCT/JP2019/004067 JP2019004067W WO2020161801A1 WO 2020161801 A1 WO2020161801 A1 WO 2020161801A1 JP 2019004067 W JP2019004067 W JP 2019004067W WO 2020161801 A1 WO2020161801 A1 WO 2020161801A1
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Prior art keywords
anesthesia
oxygen
nitrous oxide
fish
seafood
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PCT/JP2019/004067
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English (en)
Japanese (ja)
Inventor
憲司 久木野
睦子 久木野
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K61/00—Culture of aquatic animals
    • A01K61/10—Culture of aquatic animals of fish
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01K—ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; AVICULTURE; APICULTURE; PISCICULTURE; FISHING; REARING OR BREEDING ANIMALS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; NEW BREEDS OF ANIMALS
    • A01K63/00—Receptacles for live fish, e.g. aquaria; Terraria
    • A01K63/02—Receptacles specially adapted for transporting live fish
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A40/00—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production
    • Y02A40/80—Adaptation technologies in agriculture, forestry, livestock or agroalimentary production in fisheries management
    • Y02A40/81—Aquaculture, e.g. of fish

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to seafood containing water containing a predetermined concentration of nitrous oxide (dinitrogen monoxide) that exerts a strong sedative effect (hereinafter referred to as "stress sedation”) accompanied by suppression of swimming movement or body movement, or an anesthetic effect.
  • stress sedation a strong sedative effect accompanied by suppression of swimming movement or body movement, or an anesthetic effect.
  • an anesthetic mainly containing eugenol (4-allyl-2-methoxyphenol), which is a kind of food additive, is approved and sold as a veterinary drug (trade name: FA100). Used in medicine. However, when an anesthetic is used at a farming site or the like, the used anesthetic liquid is thrown into the ocean or river as it is, which is not preferable from the viewpoint of environmental protection.
  • an anesthetic for fish As a short-time anesthesia method for fish that does not use an anesthetic composed of chemical substances such as eugenol, a short-time anesthesia technique using carbon dioxide dissolved in water has been known.
  • an anesthetic for fish has been developed, which is composed of solid carbon dioxide blowing agent made mainly from sodium hydrogencarbonate, succinic acid, and a solidification accelerator, and only raw materials approved as food additives. (See Patent Document 1), it is used as a short-term anesthetic.
  • Patent Document 2 discloses a method of keeping an anesthetized state of a live fish for a long time in a water tank in which carbon dioxide partial pressure is adjusted to 55 to 95 mmHg in combination with cold temperature treatment of the fish. Although disclosed, there is no actual use example that succeeded in avoiding death of seafood and awakening it safely.
  • Patent Document 3 The only practical method that can keep anesthetized live fish for a long time is to use carbon dioxide (Patent Document 3).
  • carbon dioxide is a substance that has an anesthetic effect on many species, it cannot be expected to have a sedative effect on the central nervous system. Therefore, when fish and shellfish are used as targets, it depends on the adapted fish species. In some cases, nerve excitement during induction of anesthesia causes excessive body movement, which may make smooth induction of anesthesia difficult.
  • a habituation aquarium and environment (temperature, light, sound, etc.) controlled facilities that can perform acclimation treatment to equalize the condition of fish bodies are required for all fish.
  • Patent Document 4 also discloses an ice-cooled seawater cooling device for storing and transporting live squid in a low-temperature state of ice temperature.
  • nitrous oxide which is one of them, is an effective substance for anesthetizing or deep-sedating fish and shellfish for a short time. It is also a well-known fact that it causes death.
  • the anesthetic effect of nitrous oxide is less than that of carbon dioxide, it has the characteristic of exerting a mild sedative effect on many species, so a method of using nitrous oxide as a sedative during anesthesia with carbon dioxide Has also been proposed (see Patent Document 5).
  • Patent Document 5 when the fish is subjected to strong sedation or anesthesia for a long time with such conventional nitrous oxide, the fish and shellfish die within a limited time of a few minutes to a dozen minutes.
  • the physiological action of a specific substance that has a sedative or anesthetic effect on living organisms is expressed by a mechanism unique to each substance.
  • the effects of individual anesthetics on the human central nervous system are not uniform, and sedative and anesthetic effects are expressed by their unique mechanisms. .. Therefore, a method of avoiding complications such as respiratory failure and expressing/eliminating a sedative effect or an anesthetic effect (anesthetic prescription) has been developed and used for each anesthetic agent or sedative agent.
  • Nitrous oxide is known to be a substance with excellent sedative effect, and the strength of the sedative effect can be easily adjusted by the dose concentration, so it is suitable for sedating many fish bodies without acclimation treatment. It can be said to be a substance. On the other hand, it has the following characteristics that it is not easy to avoid complications and awaken the fish after subjecting the fish to strong sedation or anesthesia.
  • nitrous oxide For example, if a person inhales a high concentration (50-70%) of nitrous oxide and then wakes up after performing strong sedation or anesthesia, a considerable amount of nitrous oxide remains in the body and Even after the administration of nitrogen is stopped (even if the nitrous oxide concentration of inspiratory gas becomes zero), the nitrous oxide gas in the body rapidly diffuses into the alveoli and continues to be exhaled. Nitrous oxide that has migrated into the alveoli causes "alveolar hypoventilation", so for awakening after cessation of nitrous oxide inhalation, the oxygen concentration is approximately five times that of the normal air environment. It is necessary to continue the administration of 100% oxygen.
  • nitrous oxide is a sedative or anesthetic effect substance that requires high-concentration oxygen supply to supplement the lowered "alveolar hypoventilation” until the effect disappears and the patient awakens.
  • Many anesthetics used in human surgery may reduce alveolar ventilation due to the action of muscle relaxants, sedatives, and opioid analgesics in combination, but the anesthetic itself does The effect of causing "alveolar hypoventilation" is low, and it is not always necessary to supply high-concentration oxygen while waiting for awakening after discontinuation of administration.
  • anesthetizing fish and shellfish using carbon dioxide it is not always necessary to supply high-concentration oxygen when the administration of carbon dioxide is stopped to awaken.
  • a method of continuously supplying high concentration oxygen in water is essential. Need equipment.
  • nitrous oxide In order to perform strong sedation or anesthesia on seafood using nitrous oxide, the method of supplying high concentration oxygen to water is indispensable, but it is necessary to supply oxygen to water using a conventional blower. Since it is not possible to supply high-concentration oxygen, it has not been possible to use nitrous oxide as a method for subjecting seafood to strong sedation or anesthesia for a long time.
  • Nitrous oxide has a slow concentration-dependent sedative effect on both terrestrial and aquatic organisms, and sometimes exerts an anesthetic effect, so expect sedative or anesthetic effects on many fish species. You can Although nitrous oxide has a weaker anesthetic effect than carbon dioxide, it has a superior sedative effect, and is therefore a suitable substance for easily performing mild anesthesia or similar sedation on a large number of fish bodies. Further, nitrous oxide, which is also a food additive, is ideal as a sedative method or anesthesia method for organisms as food materials in that it does not leave any harmful substances in the fish body.
  • nitrous oxide is more soluble in water than carbon dioxide, and has a wide concentration range for exerting a sedative effect, so that it is easy to set a concentration that arbitrarily induces a sedative effect depending on the type of fish.
  • attempting to obtain a long-term sedative or anesthetic effect on aquatic organisms causes mortality without exception. Therefore, use it as a method for long-term sedation or anesthesia for live fish. I could't.
  • the oxygen supply to the seafood it is sufficient for the oxygen supply to the seafood to be such that the dissolved oxygen (DO) is saturated or close to it, and even under the condition of strong sedation or anesthesia. It is believed that there is no oxygen deficiency in a saturated dissolved oxygen environment. However, this recognition was false, and was the cause of the long-held belief in the incorrect scientific knowledge that "it is impossible to anesthetize seafood for a long time with any anesthetic." Of course, it has been considered that even if nitrous oxide is used, it is impossible to subject the seafood to strong sedation or anesthesia for a long time.
  • the present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems in the conventional anesthesia method. That is, in an aquatic environment containing a predetermined concentration of nitrous oxide that exerts a strong sedative effect or anesthesia effect on seafood, a large number of seafood can be safely and practically used without acclimatizing different seafood.
  • the present invention provides a method and a device for awakening by simultaneously performing strong sedation or anesthesia for a long time.
  • the principle of the present invention for performing long-term intensity sedation or anesthesia is as follows. In order to induce long-term strong sedation or anesthesia by nitrous oxide to seafood at normal water temperature (around 20°C), it is necessary to provide seafood with an environment of high oxygen water exceeding saturated dissolved oxygen. It doesn't happen. Respiratory movement decreased by the strong sedative effect or anesthetic effect of nitrous oxide reduces oxygen diffusion due to the partial pressure difference of [partial dissolved oxygen partial pressure in water]-[partial dissolved oxygen partial pressure in gill capillaries] in the gill part, A decrease in the amount of oxygen taken up by thin plate capillaries leads to hypoxemia and death.
  • a first aspect of the present invention includes a step of generating a predetermined concentration of nitrous oxide in water, which has a strong sedative effect or an anesthetic effect on target seafood, and gaseous oxygen having a particle size of about 100 ⁇ m or less.
  • the method includes a step of supplying fine bubbles and a step of aerating gaseous oxygen in water to reduce the nitrous oxide concentration in the water to wake up seafood from a sedated state or an anesthetized state.
  • microbubbles containing oxygen it is desirable to supply the microbubbles containing oxygen so that they will come into contact with the surface of the gill epithelial cell membrane of seafood by a stream of water.
  • the particle size of fine bubbles containing oxygen be 100 ⁇ m or less. Further, it is desirable to supply fine bubbles containing oxygen at a density of 40 million cells/ml or more.
  • a second aspect of the present invention is a water tank for containing target seafood, a means for supplying nitrous oxide into the water tank, and fine bubbles containing gaseous oxygen having a particle size of about 100 ⁇ m or less in the water tank. And means for supplying.
  • the term “seafood” is a concept that includes, in addition to fish, aquatic organisms such as cephalopods and crustaceans that take oxygen by gill respiration and have a swimming property. Further, nitrous oxide is used as a gas gas that causes a strong sedative effect and an anesthetic effect in seafood.
  • nitrous oxide is supplied into water to give a concentration of nitrous oxide having a strong sedative effect or an anesthetic effect to target seafood, and under anesthesia, even in a saturated dissolved oxygen environment
  • a method of solving the problem of not satisfying oxygen demand by supplying fine bubbles containing gaseous oxygen, it is possible to safely anesthetize seafood at normal water temperature (around 20°C) without dying.
  • microbubbles containing gaseous oxygen are supplied into the water so that the supersaturated dissolved oxygen water and the microbubbles themselves come into direct contact with the gills of the fish body. Sustained supply by water flow.
  • oxygen diffuses and moves due to the partial pressure difference between [gaseous oxygen partial pressure] and [gill capillary dissolved oxygen partial pressure]. , The amount of oxygen ingested from the gill thin plate capillaries from this part increases dramatically.
  • the amount of oxygen ingested by gill lamina capillaries increases according to the diffusion coefficient depending on the amount of oxygen in contact with the membrane surface of gill epithelial cells, which results in a higher oxygen demand than that of an individual under nitrous oxide anesthesia. It is possible to realize an oxygen concentration environment.
  • the respiratory center suppressed by anesthesia lowers spontaneous respiratory movements and causes hypoxemia, and oxygen concentration in the peripheral part of the whole body lowers oxygen concentration, causing respiratory failure as a complication.
  • the amount of oxygen ingested into the alveolar capillaries is increased by increasing the inhaled oxygen concentration by 2 to 4 times to increase the partial pressure difference between [alveolar oxygen partial pressure]-[alveolar capillary oxygen partial pressure].
  • By raising the pressure the pulmonary respiratory motion that has deteriorated is complemented. It is inferred that the phenomenon observed in land animals performing pulmonary breathing, that is, a high concentration of oxygen supply that is several times higher than the normal living environment under anesthesia, is also applicable to seafood. However, if so, it is difficult to anesthetize fish and cephalopods that live in seawater for a long time.
  • the oxygen concentration in the ocean surface is in the range of 6 to 7.5 mg/L (85 to 100% of the saturated oxygen concentration) at most of the survey points, many seafood survive in the water where the dissolved oxygen is almost saturated. Because it is. It is impossible to raise the dissolved oxygen concentration to several times higher than that of water in the state of 100% dissolved oxygen by any method. Therefore, when strong sedation or anesthesia with nitrous oxide is carried out under water temperature (around 20°C) where fish and shellfish are usually handled, hypoxemia due to a sedative effect within a very short time in minutes or respiratory movements suppressed by anesthesia. And cause respiratory failure and die. In order to prevent this, it is necessary to provide the anesthetized fish with an oxygen concentration environment that is about several times higher than the normal survival environment.
  • the particle size of the fine bubbles is smaller.
  • the amount of oxygen ingested by gill thin plate capillaries due to the contact of fine bubbles containing gaseous oxygen depends on the diffusion coefficient depending on the particle size (intra-bubble pressure) and the number of fine bubbles contacting the membrane surface of gill epithelial cells.
  • the amount of oxygen uptaked by gill lamina capillaries increases as more air bubbles of smaller size and smaller size come into contact with the membrane surface of gill epithelial cells.
  • Example 1 Confirmation of limit time when awakening is performed by subjecting seafood to strong sedation or anesthesia for a long time with nitrous oxide at a water temperature of 20°C Usually, it is known that when seafood is treated with strong sedation or anesthesia with nitrous oxide at a water temperature (around 20°C) for handling seafood, it will die within a short time even under saturated dissolved oxygen. .. Confirm the limit time for long-term intensity sedation or anesthesia by experiment. Table 3 shows the types and numbers of fish and shellfish used in the experiment.
  • the water temperature in the experimental 300 L water tank was adjusted to 20° C., and the dissolved oxygen (DO) of seawater in the water tank was kept saturated by using an ordinary air pump and air stone.
  • DO dissolved oxygen
  • nitrous oxide was aerated at a rate of 10 L/min in water to increase the concentration of dissolved nitrous oxide, and the concentration was increased until a strong sedative effect or anesthesia effect was exhibited in seafood.
  • the time when it was confirmed that there was no swimming behavior and body movement was stopped except for respiratory movements of the gills was evaluated as the strength sedative effect, and the time when the abdomen was turned upside down was evaluated as the anesthesia effect expression. Aeration of nitrous oxide was stopped after a strong sedative effect or anesthesia effect was developed in all individuals.
  • Example 2 Demonstration of long-term intensity sedation or anesthesia with nitrous oxide>> Table 6 shows the types and numbers of fish and shellfish used in the experiment.
  • the water temperature in the experimental 300 L water tank was adjusted to 20° C., and oxygen bubbles having the particle size distribution shown in Table 5 were continuously supplied to the water tank by an oxygen bubble generator, and nitrous oxide was added at 10 L/min.
  • the concentration of dissolved nitrous oxide was increased by aeration with water at, and the concentration was increased until a strong sedative effect or anesthesia effect was exhibited in seafood.
  • Example 3 Necessity of high-concentration oxygen environment in awake period after long-term anesthesia with nitrous oxide>> Twenty red sea breams weighing about 450 g were used in the experiment. The water temperature in the experimental 300 L water tank was adjusted to 20° C., and the oxygen bubble generator continuously supplied the oxygen fine bubbles having the particle size distribution shown in Table 5 to the water tank, and the nitrous oxide at 10 L/min. The concentration of dissolved nitrous oxide was increased by aeration in water, and the concentration was increased until a strong sedative effect or anesthesia effect was exhibited in seafood.
  • the nitrous oxide remaining in the fish body was gradually discharged to awaken the fish body from anesthesia.
  • the remaining half of the 10 red sea breams were transferred to another experimental 300 L water tank in which the saturated dissolved oxygen state was maintained by the oxygen supply by a blower which has been generally used.
  • 10 red sea breams that had been transferred to a water tank that was continuously supplied with oxygen microbubbles gradually discharged the nitrous oxide remaining in the fish body, and all fish awakened from anesthesia safely.
  • all the 10 red sea breams that were transferred to the aquarium maintaining the saturated dissolved oxygen state died within 30 minutes.

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Marine Sciences & Fisheries (AREA)
  • Animal Husbandry (AREA)
  • Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
  • Zoology (AREA)
  • Pharmaceuticals Containing Other Organic And Inorganic Compounds (AREA)
  • Farming Of Fish And Shellfish (AREA)

Abstract

Selon l'invention, une anesthésie de longue durée est pratiquée sur des poissons ou fruits de mer de manière sûre et pratique dans un environnement aquatique contenant en concentration prédéfinie un oxyde nitreux présentant un effet anesthésiant. Des microbulles contenant un oxygène gazeux sont mises en contact avec la surface de la membrane cellulaire épithéliale des branchies des poissons ou fruits de mer, créant ainsi une différence de pression partielle ［pression partielle d'oxygène gazeux］－［pression partielle d'oxygène dissous à l'intérieur de capillaires sanguins des branchies］qui est supérieure à la différence partielle ［pression partielle d'oxygène dissous dans l'eau］－［pression partielle d'oxygène dissous à l'intérieur de capillaires sanguins des branchies］, de telle sorte que la quantité d'oxygène prise dans les capillaires sanguins des lamelles branchiales augmente de manière considérable. Par conséquent, une anesthésie à l'oxyde nitreux pendant une longue durée est possible à une température d'eau (autour de 20°C) communément utilisée pour la manipulation des poissons ou fruits de mer, tout en évitant une insuffisance respiratoire provoquée par une suppression des mouvements respiratoires spontanés sous l'effet de l'anesthésie.
PCT/JP2019/004067 2019-02-05 2019-02-05 Procédé et dispositif ayant pour objet des poissons ou fruits de mer destinés à les tranquilliser fortement ou à les anesthésier pendant une longue durée sous l'effet d'un oxyde nitreux, et à les réveiller Ceased WO2020161801A1 (fr)

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Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61104730A (ja) * 1984-10-25 1986-05-23 昭和電工株式会社 魚類等麻酔方法
JP2007267620A (ja) * 2006-03-30 2007-10-18 Mori Kikai Seisakusho:Kk 活魚介類の運動制御方法
JP2014039514A (ja) * 2012-08-23 2014-03-06 Marine Biotechnology:Kk 魚介類の麻酔方法および装置
JP5897133B2 (ja) * 2014-02-17 2016-03-30 マリンバイオテクノロジー株式会社 魚介類の麻酔方法および装置
JP2016198096A (ja) * 2015-04-13 2016-12-01 株式会社テックコーポレーション 魚介類処理装置、魚介類の処理方法、冷凍された魚介類及び冷凍された魚介類の蘇生方法
WO2017110766A1 (fr) * 2015-12-25 2017-06-29 聡 安斎 Dispositif d'anesthésie de poissons vivants

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS61104730A (ja) * 1984-10-25 1986-05-23 昭和電工株式会社 魚類等麻酔方法
JP2007267620A (ja) * 2006-03-30 2007-10-18 Mori Kikai Seisakusho:Kk 活魚介類の運動制御方法
JP2014039514A (ja) * 2012-08-23 2014-03-06 Marine Biotechnology:Kk 魚介類の麻酔方法および装置
JP5897133B2 (ja) * 2014-02-17 2016-03-30 マリンバイオテクノロジー株式会社 魚介類の麻酔方法および装置
JP2016198096A (ja) * 2015-04-13 2016-12-01 株式会社テックコーポレーション 魚介類処理装置、魚介類の処理方法、冷凍された魚介類及び冷凍された魚介類の蘇生方法
WO2017110766A1 (fr) * 2015-12-25 2017-06-29 聡 安斎 Dispositif d'anesthésie de poissons vivants

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