WO2020175488A1 - 二次電池用負極、二次電池、および二次電池用負極の製造方法 - Google Patents
二次電池用負極、二次電池、および二次電池用負極の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020175488A1 WO2020175488A1 PCT/JP2020/007518 JP2020007518W WO2020175488A1 WO 2020175488 A1 WO2020175488 A1 WO 2020175488A1 JP 2020007518 W JP2020007518 W JP 2020007518W WO 2020175488 A1 WO2020175488 A1 WO 2020175488A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
- H01M4/808—Foamed, spongy materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/054—Accumulators with insertion or intercalation of metals other than lithium, e.g. with magnesium or aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/381—Alkaline or alkaline earth metals elements
- H01M4/382—Lithium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/42—Alloys based on zinc
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/46—Alloys based on magnesium or aluminium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/663—Selection of materials containing carbon or carbonaceous materials as conductive part, e.g. graphite, carbon fibres
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/70—Carriers or collectors characterised by shape or form
- H01M4/80—Porous plates, e.g. sintered carriers
- H01M4/806—Nonwoven fibrous fabric containing only fibres
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- Negative electrode for secondary battery secondary battery, and method for manufacturing negative electrode for secondary battery
- the present invention relates to a negative electrode for a secondary battery, a secondary battery, and a method for manufacturing a negative electrode for a secondary battery.
- a metal negative electrode using a metal active material such as metallic lithium (L i) has a high theoretical capacity and a low negative electrode potential, and thus is attracting attention as a negative electrode of a high energy density secondary battery. ..
- metal dendrite grows on the surface of the metal negative electrode due to dissolution/precipitation of the metal during charge/discharge, and the grown dendrite penetrates the separator and contacts the positive electrode. As a result, there is a problem that the positive electrode and the negative electrode are short-circuited. Therefore, a metal negative electrode in which generation of dendrite is suppressed has been proposed (for example, Non-Patent Document 1).
- Non-Patent Document 1 describes MWCNT in which L i is doped on the surface of a metal L i foil.
- a metal negative electrode having a layer of (multi wall carbon nanotubes) is described.
- the inflow/outflow of Li ions is adjusted by the layer of MWCNT, the generation of dendrites is suppressed.
- Non-Patent Document 1 Rodrigo V. Salvatierra et a 1., Advanced Materials, 30, 1 803869 (2016)
- a layer of MWCNT having a thickness of 25 Mm is provided on a foil of metal L i having a thickness of 1 30 yu_m to 230 yu_m.
- the metal !- i foil serves both as a current collector and an active material, which contributes to charging and discharging. ⁇ 0 2020/175 488 2 ⁇ (: 170? 2020 /007518
- Non-Patent Document 1 contains an excess amount of metal 1_, which is several tens of times the amount. Therefore, the metal negative electrode of Non-Patent Document 1 has a low mass capacity density and a low volume capacity density, and cannot sufficiently satisfy the demand for high energy density.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a negative electrode for a secondary battery, which has a high mass capacity density and a high volume capacity density, a secondary battery, and a method for manufacturing a negative electrode for a secondary battery, which suppresses the generation of dendrites.
- the negative electrode for a secondary battery according to the present invention comprises a three-dimensional current collector composed of a self-standing sponge-like structure of a carbon nano tube, and a metal active material contained inside the three-dimensional current collector. And a plurality of seed particles contained in the inside of the three-dimensional current collector and made of a substance different from the metal active material, wherein the metal active material foil is not included. To do.
- a secondary battery according to the present invention comprises: a negative electrode for a secondary battery as described above; and a positive electrode for a secondary battery in which the thickness reversibly changes due to charging and discharging, the thickness decreases during charging, and the thickness increases during discharging. It is characterized by including.
- the method for producing a negative electrode for a secondary battery according to the present invention is characterized in that a composite of a nanocarbon tube, a metal active material, and seed particles is compounded.
- the present invention by providing a plurality of seed particles that serve as precipitation nuclei for !_ gallium during charging, generation of large dendrites that cause short-circuiting between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is suppressed.
- the metal active material is included inside the three-dimensional current collector and the foil of the metal active material is not included, the mass capacity density and the volume capacity density can be increased.
- the three-dimensional current collector is composed of a sponge-like structure, the thickness reversibly changes during charging and discharging, and it is possible to effectively utilize the space inside the secondary battery and increase the volume capacity density. ..
- the metal active material and multiple seed particles are contained inside the three-dimensional current collector composed of the self-supporting sponge-like structure of the force-bonded nanotube, and the foil of the metal active material is not included. Suppresses the generation of dendrites, mass capacity density and volume ⁇ 0 2020/175 488 3 ⁇ (: 170? 2020 /007518
- a negative electrode for a secondary battery having a high capacity density, a secondary battery, and a method for producing a negative electrode for a secondary battery can be provided.
- Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram showing a configuration of a secondary battery according to the present embodiment during charging and discharging.
- FIG. 2 is a flow chart illustrating a first example of a composite film forming step in the method of manufacturing a negative electrode for a secondary battery according to this embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a flow chart illustrating a second example of the composite film forming step.
- FIG. 4 is a flow chart illustrating a third example of the composite film forming step.
- FIG. 5 is a flow chart explaining another method of manufacturing the negative electrode for secondary battery according to the present embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic view of a laminated body according to Example 11.
- FIG. 7 A photograph of the upper surface of the laminate according to Example 11.
- Fig. 8 is a schematic view of a laminate after the metal active material is electrochemically held on the first electrode in the test cell of Example 11;
- FIG. 9 is a photograph of the upper surface of the first electrode after electrochemically holding the metal active material on the first electrode in the test cell of Example 11.
- FIG. 10 is a photograph of the lower surface of the second electrode after the metal active material was electrochemically held on the first electrode in the test cell of Example 11.
- Fig. 11 is a photograph of the upper surface of the second electrode after the metal active material was electrochemically held on the first electrode in the test cell of Example 11.
- FIG. 12 A photograph of the top surface of the laminate according to Example 12.
- FIG. 13 is a photograph of the upper surface of the first electrode after electrochemically holding the metal active material on the first electrode in the test cell of Example 12.
- FIG. 14 is a photograph of the lower surface of the second electrode after the metal active material was electrochemically held on the first electrode in the test cell of Example 12.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the result of the cycle test of the test cell of Example 13.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the result of the cycle test of the test cell of Comparative Example 1. ⁇ 0 2020/175 488 4 ⁇ (: 170? 2020 /007518
- FIG. 17 is a graph showing the result of the cycle test of the test cell of Comparative Example 2. MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
- a secondary battery 10 (10, 108, 10) includes a separator 11 and a secondary battery positive electrode (hereinafter, referred to as a positive electrode) 1 2 (1 28, 1 2), a negative electrode for a secondary battery (hereinafter referred to as a negative electrode) 1 3 (1 3 8 1, 13), an electrolytic solution (not shown), and a container (not shown).
- a secondary battery positive electrode hereinafter, referred to as a positive electrode
- a negative electrode for a secondary battery hereinafter referred to as a negative electrode 1 3 (1 3 8 1, 13
- an electrolytic solution not shown
- a container not shown
- the rechargeable secondary battery 108 at the time of charging includes a contracted positive electrode 12 28 and an expanded negative electrode 13 8 provided via a separator 11 1.
- the secondary battery 10m at the time of discharging includes an expanded positive electrode 12m and a contracted negative electrode 13m, which are provided via a separator 11 1.
- the secondary battery 10 of the present embodiment is a lithium-ion secondary battery in which lithium (I-I) ions move between the positive electrode 12 and the negative electrode 13 via the separator 11 by charging and discharging.
- the positive electrode 12 is provided on one surface of the separator 11 and the negative electrode 13 is provided on the other surface of the separator 11.
- the secondary battery 10 is configured by accommodating a separator 11, a positive electrode 12, a negative electrode 13 and an electrolytic solution in a container.
- the electrolytic solution is not particularly limited, and a commonly used electrolytic solution such as a non-aqueous electrolytic solution, an ionic liquid, and a gel electrolytic solution can be used.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte is a mixed solution of ethylene carbonate (Mitsuo) and dimethyl carbonate (mouth 1 ⁇ / 10). It can be prepared by dissolving 0.0 mol/liter of ! 6 . And The volume ratio of and is generally about 1:2.
- the container is not particularly limited, and a metal can such as iron, stainless steel, or aluminum that is generally used as a battery can can be used. From the viewpoint of energy density per mass, a metal resin composite material in which a metal foil and a resin film are laminated is preferable.
- the separator 11 can be composed of a microporous polymer film.
- Microporous polymer films include polyolefin-based, polyester-based, poly-based ⁇ 0 2020/175 488 5 ⁇ (: 170? 2020 /007518
- the separator 11 may be composed of a free-standing sponge-like structure made of an insulating fiber.
- the sponge-like structure is a film having a plurality of gaps inside. Examples of the sponge-like structure include non-woven fabric.
- Insulating fibers are boron nitride nanotubes (1 in 1) or organic nanofibers. Examples of organic nanofibers include cellulose nanofiber ( ⁇ ) and chitin nanofiber.
- the positive electrode 12 various positive electrodes used for general secondary batteries can be used. In particular, using a positive electrode whose thickness changes reversibly with charge and discharge, decreases with charge (1 2 8), and increases with discharge (1 2 ), saves space in the secondary battery. It is suitable for use.
- the volume of the positive electrode 12 changes due to charge/discharge, the area of the surface in contact with the separator 11 does not substantially change, and the positive electrode 12 contracts or expands as the thickness changes. That is, the volume of the positive electrode 12 changes depending on the thickness.
- the positive electrode active material 16 (16,8,16) was lithium cobalt oxide (!_ _ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ 2 ), lithium manganate (I-I IV! n 2 ⁇ 4 ), iron phosphate. Lithium (!_ I 6 0 4 ), a composite of two or more transition metals
- An active material having a large volume change can have a higher volume capacity density, and an active material whose volume changes by 1.15 times or more is preferable, an active material which changes by 1.3 times or more is more preferable, and! . Living things that change more than 6 times ⁇ 0 2020/175 488 6 ⁇ (: 170? 2020 /007518
- the first force-bon nanotube ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1) 14 self-supporting sponge-like structure It is preferable to include the positive electrode active material 16 inside the first three-dimensional current collector 15 which is a body.
- the negative electrode (negative electrode for secondary battery) 13 according to the present embodiment will be described.
- the thickness of the negative electrode 13 reversibly changes due to charge and discharge, and the thickness increases during charging (13 8) and decreases during discharging (13 3 ).
- the volume of the negative electrode 13 changes due to charging/discharging, the area of the surface in contact with the separator 11 does not substantially change, and the thickness of the negative electrode 13 expands or contracts. That is, the volume of the negative electrode 13 changes according to the thickness.
- the negative electrode 13 is composed of a second force-bonded nanotube ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1) 17 self-standing sponge-like structure, a second three-dimensional current collector 18 and a second tertiary
- the negative electrode active material 19 (19, 19) as a metal active material contained in the original current collector 18 and the negative electrode active material contained in the second three-dimensional current collector 18 were used.
- a plurality of seed particles 20 composed of a substance different from the substance 19 are provided.
- the negative electrode active material 19 remains at the time of discharge (No. 19) in FIG. 1, but it may not remain at the time of discharge.
- the sponge-like structure of the second three-dimensional current collector 18 is formed by intertwining a plurality of second O ⁇ . It is preferable that the length of the second 0 1 1 17 is 1 or more. Since the length of the second ⁇ 1 ⁇ 17 is 1 or more, a plurality of the second ⁇ 1 ⁇ 17 can be entangled with each other to ensure the independence of the sponge-like structure. To be done.
- the diameter of the second 0 1 1 17 is smaller than the diameter of the seed particles 20. Second ⁇
- the diameter of 1 ⁇ 1 1 17 is It is preferably not more than 15 n, more preferably not more than 15 n, most preferably not more than 10 cm.
- the specific surface area of the second 0 1 ⁇ 1 17 is 200 2 / 9 or more.
- the specific surface area of the second ⁇ 1 1 17 is Is preferred, Is particularly preferable.
- the specific surface area of the second 0 1 1 1 17 is too large, side reactions such as decomposition reaction of the electrolyte may occur, Preferably, Is particularly preferable.
- the average number of layers of the second 0 1 ⁇ 1 1 17 is a force-bonded nanotube of 1 or more and 10 or less layers.
- the smaller the average number of layers in the second ⁇ 1,17 is, the larger the specific surface area of the second ⁇ 1,17 will be! _ Increases the number of seed particles 20 as precipitation nuclei.
- the average number of layers of the second 0 1 1 to 17 is preferably 1 or more and 5 or less, and particularly preferably 2 or more and 5 or less.
- the negative electrode active material 19 is! _ SHI N 3, It is preferably composed of at least one selected from the group consisting of ⁇ 8, H> and Z ⁇ n>.
- the material of the negative electrode active material 19 is !_ ⁇ in this embodiment.
- the negative electrode active material 19 has a particulate structure in which !_ grains are deposited around the seed particles 20.
- the negative electrode active material 19 is configured such that !_ ⁇ deposited around the plurality of seed particles 20 are bonded to each other and fill the voids of the sponge-like structure of the second three-dimensional current collector 18. Good.
- the mass of the negative electrode active material 19 at the time of charging was divided by the masses of the plurality of second ⁇ ! ⁇ 1 s 17 constituting the sponge-like structure of the second three-dimensional current collector 18 Value is greater than or equal to 1 ⁇ 0 2020/175 488 8 ⁇ (: 170? 2020 /007518
- the mass ratio and the volume ratio of the second three-dimensional current collector 18 to the mass of the secondary battery 10 can be reduced, and the mass capacity density and the volume capacity density can be increased. It is possible.
- the above value is more preferably 2 or more, and particularly preferably 4 or more.
- the design capacity of the pair of positive and negative electrodes in the secondary battery 10 It is preferably 5 times or less the design capacity of the pair of positive and negative electrodes in the secondary battery 10. That, of dividing the negative electrode active mass to a value obtained by multiplying the mass reference capacity of the negative electrode active material of the material 1 9 at the time of charging in the design capacity of the positive and negative electrodes _ pairs in the secondary battery 1 ⁇ kite value ([during charging The mass of the negative electrode active material 19] X [mass reference capacity of the negative electrode active material] / [designed capacity of a pair of positive and negative electrodes in the secondary battery 10]) is set to 5 times or less, whereby the second three-dimensional collection is obtained.
- the negative electrode active material 19 (!_ ⁇ ) in the electric body 18 is not excessive and the mass capacity density and the volume capacity density can be increased.
- the above value is more preferably 3 times or less, and particularly preferably 2 times or less.
- the design capacity of a secondary battery is 48 I/O! 2 per pair of positive and negative electrode areas, and if metal 1_ ⁇ is used per electrode area for the negative electrode, 2 1 9/0 111 2 per electrode area, metal 1 metal mass of ⁇ 1_ ⁇ the mass volume 3 8 6 1 ⁇ ! eight / 9 multiplying the 7.7 2 eight / ⁇ 2. Therefore, the above value is one. 9 3.
- the seed particles 20 are: 3 ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ ri, 8 9
- At least one selected from the group consisting of I ⁇ ! and I is selected.
- These materials are! _ Material that forms an alloy by reacting with (negative electrode active material 19)! _ Material that forms a compound with ⁇ , or! _ It is a material that becomes the precipitation nucleus of ⁇ .
- the seed particles 20 are composed of ⁇ in this embodiment.
- the number of seed particles 20 per electrode area is ⁇ 0 2020/175 488 9 ⁇ (: 170? 2020 /007518
- the mass ratio and the volume ratio of the negative electrode 13 to the mass of the secondary battery 10 can be reduced, and the mass capacity density and the volume capacity density can be increased.
- the above-mentioned value is more preferably 10 or more, and particularly preferably 30 or more.
- the value obtained by dividing the thickness at the time of charging by the thickness at the time of discharging is preferably ...! 15 or more, more preferably 1.5 or more, and more preferably 2.0 or more. Is particularly preferable.
- the volume change of the active material during charging and discharging is determined by the design capacity of the battery.Therefore, the larger the value obtained by dividing the thickness during charging by the thickness during discharging is, This is because it becomes smaller during charging and the volume of the secondary battery can be made smaller.
- the value obtained by dividing the mass during charging by the mass during discharging is preferably 1.15 or more, more preferably 1.5 or more, and 2.0 or more. Is particularly preferable.
- the change in mass of the active material during charging and discharging depends on the designed capacity of the battery. This is because the larger the value obtained by dividing the mass during charging by the mass during discharging, the smaller the mass of the negative electrode during discharging and during charging, and the lighter the secondary battery can be made.
- the negative electrode 13 since the negative electrode 13 includes the second three-dimensional current collector 18 having high electrical conductivity, it does not include a metal active material foil.
- the foil of the metal active material When the foil of the metal active material is included, the mass and volume of the negative electrode increase, leading to a decrease in mass capacity density and volume capacity density.
- the foil of the metal active material when the foil of the metal active material is in contact with the negative electrode over the entire surface, the foil hinders the volume change of the negative electrode, and stress is generated between the foil and the negative electrode, which causes deterioration of battery characteristics.
- the negative electrode 13 does not include a separate collector foil made of a material different from the metal active material.
- the positive electrode 12 also does not include a collector foil.
- the negative electrode 13 is obtained by compounding the second C NT 17 with the negative electrode active material 19 and the seed particles 20.
- an example of a method for manufacturing the negative electrode 13 will be described.
- the method for producing the negative electrode 13 forms a composite film in which the seed particles 20 are included in the second three-dimensional current collector 18 composed of the self-standing sponge-like structure of the second CNTs 17 It has a composite film forming step and a metal active material holding step of holding the negative electrode active material 19 as the metal active material in the composite film.
- a first example of the composite film forming step will be described. As shown in FIG. 2, in the composite film forming step, a dispersion liquid 34 was prepared using the second CNTs 17, the seed particles 20, and the dispersion medium 32, and this dispersion liquid 34 was used to prepare the second dispersion liquid 34. A composite film 36 in which the seed particles 20 are included in the three-dimensional current collector 18 is formed.
- the second CNTs 17 can be synthesized by the CVD method.
- Japanese Patent No. 5447367 Japanese Patent No. 5862559, DY Kim, H. Sugime, K. Hasegawa, T. Osawa, and S. Noda, Carbon 49(6), 1972-1979 (20 11).
- Z. Chen DY Kim, K. Hasegawa, T. Osawa, and S. Noda, Carbon 80, 339-350 (2014).
- 2 ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 17 can be synthesized by floating catalyst ⁇ 30 method, substrate supported catalyst ⁇ 30 method. As a result, a long length (less than or equal to diameter, length of 101 or more) of the second 0 1 ⁇ 1 17 is obtained.
- the seed particles 20 for example, copper particles are used.
- the copper particles may be chemically synthesized by a wet method or chemically synthesized by a dry method such as a gas evaporation method.
- the dispersion medium 32 water, an organic solvent or the like is used.
- the organic solvent is ethanol, isopropanol or the like.
- the dispersion liquid 34 is prepared by co-dispersing the second 0 1 1 17 and the seed particles 20 in the dispersion medium 32.
- the composite film 36 is formed by removing the dispersion medium 32 from the dispersion liquid 34.
- the dispersion medium 32 is removed from the dispersion liquid 34 by filtering the dispersion liquid 34 with a filter, for example.
- the second ⁇ During the process of removing the dispersion medium 32 from the dispersion liquid 34, the second ⁇ . It In this way, the seed particles 20 are taken into the gaps of the second three-dimensional current collector 18 (see Fig. 1), which is composed of the second self-supporting sponge-like structure of ⁇ A composite film 36 in which the seed particles 20 are included in the second tertiary element current collector 18 is formed.
- the composite membrane 36 is separated from the filter and collected as a freestanding membrane. Further, the composite membrane 36 is dried using a dryer before or after separation from the filter, if necessary.
- the composite film 36 is annealed after drying. Instead of filtering the dispersion liquid 34 with a filter and drying it, the dispersion liquid 34 may be applied and dried.
- a second example of the composite film forming step will be described. It is not limited to using seed particles 20.
- seed particles 20 were deposited.
- the composite film 36 may be formed by using the second 0 1 1 17. Specifically, in the composite film forming step, first, the second 0 1 ⁇ 1 17 and the seed particle material 38 are put in the solvent 40, and the second 0 1 ⁇ 1 17 is put in the solvent 4 0, and seed particle material 38 is dissolved in solvent 40.
- the seed particle material 38 for example, copper sulfate, ⁇ 0 2020/175 488 12 ⁇ (: 170? 2020 /007518
- Copper hydroxide and copper acetate are used.
- a reducing agent for example, hydrazine, sodium borohydride, polyvinylpyrrolidone
- the chemical reduction method or the light reduction method is performed. Seed particles 20 are deposited on the second 0 1 1 17 by the reduction method.
- the composite film 36 is formed by filtering the solvent 40 containing the second 0 1 1 17 and the seed particle material 38 with, for example, a filter.
- the second three-dimensional current collector 1 Seed particles 20 may be deposited on the surface of 7.
- a dispersion liquid 4 2 in which the second 0 1 1 1 17 is dispersed in a dispersion medium 3 2 is prepared, and the dispersion liquid 4 2 is used to prepare a second liquid.
- the second three-dimensional current collector 18 is formed by removing the dispersion medium 32 from the dispersion liquid 42.
- the dispersion medium 32 is removed from the dispersion liquid 42 by, for example, filtering the dispersion liquid 42 with a filter. By removing the dispersion medium 32, the second 0 1 ⁇ 1 1 7 is accumulated on the surface of the filter, and the second 3 1 A current collector 18 is obtained. The second three-dimensional current collector 18 is separated from the filter and collected as a self-supporting film. Further, in the composite film forming step, a solution 44 in which the seed particle material 38 is dissolved in the solvent 40 is prepared. As the solution 44, for example, a copper sulfate aqueous solution or a copper nitrate ethanol solution can be used.
- the second three-dimensional current collector 18 is immersed in the solution 44, the second three-dimensional current collector 18 is taken out of the solution 44, and then dried to obtain the second three-dimensional current collector 18
- a seed particle material 38 (for example, copper sulfate or copper nitrate) can be held in the inside.
- the second three-dimensional current collector 18 holding the seed particle material 38 is annealed (for example, 800 ° C, 5 minutes) in a reducing atmosphere (for example, hydrogen-argon mixed gas), and the second The composite film 36 is formed by depositing seed particles 20 on the second 0 1 1 17 of the three-dimensional current collector 18 of.
- the second three-dimensional current collector 18 is immersed in the solution 44, and the second three-dimensional current collector 18 is used as an electrode to perform second plating of the second three-dimensional current collector 18 by electrolytic plating. ⁇ ! ⁇ 1 Die 1 7 on top of seed particles 2 ⁇ 0 2020/175 488 13 ⁇ (: 170? 2020 /007518
- the second three-dimensional current collector 18 from which the seed particles 20 are precipitated is taken out from the solution 44 and dried to form the composite film 36.
- a negative electrode precursor (not shown) is produced by laminating a metal foil forming the negative electrode active material 19 (!_ ⁇ ) on the composite film 36.
- an electrolytic solution (not shown) is prepared, and a negative electrode precursor and an electrode (not shown) serving as a counter electrode of the negative electrode precursor are placed in this electrolytic solution.
- charging/discharging is performed using the negative electrode precursor and the electrode.
- the negative electrode active material 19 is deposited around the seed particles 20 of the composite film 36. That is, the composite film 36 holds the negative electrode active material 19 as the metal active material.
- a negative electrode 13 is obtained in which the second O 1 ⁇ 1, 17, 17, the negative electrode active material 19 and the seed particles 20 are compounded.
- a second example of the metal active material holding step will be described.
- the negative electrode precursor instead of performing charging/discharging using a negative electrode precursor (not shown), the negative electrode precursor is heated to melt the metal foil constituting the negative electrode active material 19 (!_ ⁇ ).
- the heating temperature is, for example, 200°.
- the molten metal enters the voids of the second three-dimensional current collector 18 of the negative electrode precursor, and becomes the negative electrode active material 19.
- a negative electrode 13 in which the second 0 1 ⁇ 1, 17, 17, the negative electrode active material 19 and the seed particles 20 are composited is obtained.
- a third example of the metal active material holding step will be described.
- a positive electrode (not shown) provided with a positive electrode active material containing a metal ion which constitutes the negative electrode active material 19 is used.
- an electrolytic solution (not shown) is prepared, and the composite film 36 and the positive electrode are placed in this electrolytic solution.
- the negative electrode active material 19 is deposited around the seed particles 20 of the composite film 36.
- a negative electrode 13 in which the second O 1 ⁇ 17, negative electrode active material 19 and seed particles 20 are compounded is obtained.
- the negative electrode active material 1 9 (!_ ⁇ ) was added to the composite film 36.
- a precursor may be used.
- Dispersion liquid 46 is prepared using 20 and dispersion medium 32, and negative electrode 13 is formed by removing dispersion medium 32 from dispersion liquid 46.
- the dispersion liquid 46 is prepared by co-dispersing the second 0 1 1 17 and the particles of the negative electrode active material 19 and the seed particles 20 in the dispersion medium 32.
- the dispersion medium 32 is removed from the dispersion liquid 46 by, for example, filtering the dispersion liquid 46 with a filter.
- Another method for manufacturing the negative electrode 13 will be described.
- a second ⁇ 1,1,17 with seed particles 20 precipitated was prepared, and a second ⁇ 1,1,17 with seed particles 20 precipitated and the negative electrode active material.
- a dispersion liquid is prepared using the particles of 19 and the dispersion medium, and the dispersion medium is removed from this dispersion liquid to form the negative electrode 13.
- the dispersion liquid is filtered using, for example, a filter.
- the negative electrode 13 in which the particles of the negative electrode active material 19 and the seed particles 20 are contained inside the second three-dimensional current collector 18 is formed on the surface of the filter.
- the negative electrode 13 is separated from the filter and collected as a self-supporting film.
- the negative electrode 13 is provided with a plurality of seed particles 20 serving as !_ ⁇ precipitation nuclei at the time of charging, so that a large size such as a short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode is generated. ⁇ 0 2020/175 488 15 ⁇ (: 170? 2020 /007518
- the negative electrode 13 contains the negative electrode active material 19 as a metal active material inside the second three-dimensional current collector 18 and does not include the metal active material foil, so that the mass capacity density and the It is possible to increase the volumetric capacity density.
- the second three-dimensional current collector 18 is composed of a sponge-like structure, so that the thickness reversibly changes during charging and discharging, and the space inside the secondary battery 10 is effectively made. It can be utilized to increase the volumetric capacity density.
- the negative electrode 13 can reduce the overvoltage of the secondary battery 10 because the plurality of seed particles 20 are included inside the second three-dimensional current collector 18.
- multiple seed particles 20 become precipitation nuclei and !_ ⁇ precipitates.
- !_ ⁇ is introduced into the negative electrode 13 and the overvoltage is reduced.
- !_ ⁇ will be deposited around multiple seed particles 20 and the surface area of !_ ⁇ will be large.
- -Per surface area of the heap! The reduction rate of ⁇ + can be reduced and the reaction overvoltage is reduced. By suppressing the overvoltage, it is possible to suppress the precipitation of !_ ⁇ from outside the seed particles and prevent the occurrence of dendrites.
- the negative electrode 13 Since the negative electrode 13 has a diameter of the second 0 1 1 to 17 smaller than that of the seed particles 20, it has excellent flexibility as a sponge-like structure, and its thickness is reversible during charge and discharge. Change. Since the negative electrode 13 does not include the metal active material foil, the change in thickness (change in volume) during charge/discharge is not limited.
- the negative electrode 13 has a second ⁇
- the average number of layers of the second 0 1 ⁇ 1 1 7 is 1 or more and 10 or less layers, so that a plurality of the second 0 1 ⁇ 1 1 7 are entangled with each other. Since it is easy to fit, the independence of the sponge-like structure is surely secured.
- the thickness reversibly changed due to charge and discharge, the thickness increased during charging, the thickness decreased during discharging, and the value obtained by dividing the thickness during charging by the thickness during discharging was 1.15.
- the volume capacity density can be increased by effectively utilizing the space in the secondary battery 10.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned embodiment, but can be appropriately modified within the scope of the gist of the present invention.
- the negative electrode 13 is a secondary battery using an aqueous high-concentration electrolytic solution instead of the organic electrolytic solution, an all-solid-state battery using a solid electrolyte instead of the electrolytic solution, and a positive electrode active material in the air. It can be applied to an air-metal secondary battery using oxygen.
- the negative electrode 13 when the negative electrode 13 is applied to an all-solid-state battery, the negative electrode 13 has a plurality of seed particles 20 that are !_ ⁇ precipitation nuclei, so that the interface with the solid electrolyte can be increased and the negative electrode 13 It is easy to introduce !_ ⁇ into, and the generation of dendrites is surely suppressed.
- Tables 1 and 2 below summarize the configurations of the negative electrodes of the examples.
- the numerical values in the table were obtained by a predetermined calculation formula by setting conditions as described later.
- the negative electrodes of Examples 1 to 10 were prepared by using the material of the negative electrode active material 19 as !__ and using seed particles.
- the material of 20 was set to 0.
- the negative electrode of the Example 1 to 0, was that a 4 01 11 / ⁇ 111 2 negative electrode design capacity per electrode area on the assumption. To increase the design capacity by 1 ⁇ !, the material and electrode mass and thickness should be increased by 1 ⁇ !.
- ! _ ⁇ Metal mass and ⁇ ! ⁇ 1 pcs mass ratio (!_ ⁇ metal mass/ ⁇ ! ⁇ 1 pcs mass) is a negative electrode.
- Examples 5, 6, 3, and 7 are negative electrodes in which the ratio of the negative electrode capacity to the negative electrode design capacity (negative electrode capacity/negative electrode design capacity) was changed.
- Examples 8, 9, 3, and 10 are! A negative electrode in which the ratio of the mass of _ I metal to the mass of ⁇ re-seed particles (!_ I metal mass/ ⁇ re-seed mass) is changed.
- Table 1 shows the results of calculating the charge/discharge mass ratio) and the mass reference capacity density (! ⁇ ) of the negative electrodes of Examples 1 to 10.
- ⁇ Reseed mass (9) is when charging! - ⁇ Metal mass ( ⁇ 1)! -Calculated by dividing by the metal mass/ ⁇ 3 reseed mass ( ⁇ ).
- the total mass during charging) is the sum of 1_ ⁇ metal mass during charging (only ⁇ 0 and ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 mass) and ⁇ reseeding mass (9).
- the total mass at discharge ( ⁇ ) is the sum of 1_ mass of metal ( ⁇ ) at discharge and ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 mass ( ⁇ and ⁇ 3 reseed mass (9)).
- Charge/discharge mass ratio was calculated by dividing the total charge mass () by the total discharge mass (1).
- the mass reference capacity density (1 ⁇ ) was calculated by dividing the negative electrode design capacity per electrode area (4 11 1/0 11 12 ) by the total mass during charging (11).
- the charge/discharge mass ratio) and the mass reference capacity density (! ⁇ ) are! -Comparison of Examples 8, 9, 3, and 10 in which the metal mass/0 reseed mass ( ⁇ ) was changed from 1 to 30. It can be seen that the larger the _ ⁇ metal mass / 0 reseed mass ( ⁇ ), the larger. Furthermore, it can be seen that the larger the charge/discharge mass ratio), the smaller the negative electrode mass during charge and discharge, and the higher the mass reference capacity density.
- the charge/discharge mass ratio) is preferably ⁇ .15 or more, more preferably 1.5 or more, and particularly preferably 2.0 or more.
- Table 2 shows the calculation results of the thickness ratio during charging/discharging ( ⁇ ) and the volume-based capacity density () of the negative electrodes of Examples 1 to 10.
- Discharged 1_ metal volume ( ⁇ ) is the ratio of (negative electrode capacity/negative electrode design capacity ( ⁇ ) _ 1) / (negative electrode capacity/negative electrode design capacity ()) of 1- metal volume () during charging However, it is calculated by assuming that it remains on the negative electrode during discharge.
- ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 pcs volume) is ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 pcs mass ), converted to the density of ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 pcs.
- ⁇ Reseeded volume (9) is the ⁇ reseeded mass (9) converted to the density of ⁇ .
- the porosity (I) is the porosity of the negative electrode and was set to 0.3 in the negative electrodes of Examples 1 to 10.
- Charged total volume () is 1_ ⁇ metal volume () and ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 ct volume) and ⁇ reseed volume () when charging
- the total volume at discharge ( ⁇ ) is the sum of the !_ ⁇ metal volume at discharge, ⁇ ! ⁇ 1 volume, and ⁇ seed volume (9) as (1 — porosity (I) ). Calculated by dividing.
- the thickness ratio during charging/discharging was calculated by dividing the total volume during charging ( ⁇ ⁇ by the total volume during discharging ( ⁇ ).
- the volume-based capacity density () is the negative per electrode area. It was calculated by dividing the pole design capacity (4 181 11 / ⁇ 11 12 ) at the time of charging!- ⁇ Metal volume ( ⁇ 1).
- the charge/discharge thickness ratio ( ⁇ ) and volume-based capacity density () are: _ ⁇ Metal mass / ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 mass ( 3 )
- ⁇ Metal mass / ⁇ 1 ⁇ 1 mass
- the thickness ratio during charging/discharging ( ⁇ ) and the volume reference capacity density () are shown in Examples 5, 6, 3, and 7 in which the negative electrode capacity/negative electrode design capacity (10) was changed from 5 to 1.
- the negative electrode capacity/negative electrode design capacity (well) the larger.
- the charge/discharge thickness ratio ( ⁇ ) and volume-based capacity density () are! -Comparison of Examples 8, 9, 3, and 10 in which the metal mass/0 reseed mass ( ⁇ ) was changed from 1 to 30. It can be seen that the larger the _ ⁇ metal mass / 0 reseed mass ( ⁇ ), the larger. Furthermore, it can be seen that the larger the charging/discharging thickness ratio ( ⁇ ), the smaller the negative electrode volume during charging and discharging, and the higher the volumetric capacity density.
- the thickness ratio during charging/discharging ( ⁇ ) is 1.1 5 or more. ⁇ 0 2020/175 488 22 ⁇ (: 170? 2020 /007518
- the above is preferable, the above is more preferable, and the above is more preferable, and the above is particularly preferable.
- the metal foil that constitutes the negative electrode active material 19 (!_ ⁇ ) was laminated on the composite film 36. It was confirmed that when the negative electrode 13 was manufactured using the negative electrode precursor, a negative electrode containing no metal foil was obtained. Two types of test cells were prepared for carrying out this experiment, and each test cell was used as Examples 11 and 12.
- Example 11 a composite film was formed by the method described in the first example of the composite film forming step.
- the second 0 1 ⁇ 1 17 is 0 1 ⁇ 1 with a diameter of 20 n or less, a length of 1 or more, and an average number of layers of 1 to 5 layers.
- Seed particles 20 are copper particles having a diameter of about 25 n.
- As the dispersion medium 32 isopropanol was used.
- the composite film was formed by drying in a vacuum dryer with 393 ⁇ for 2 hours.
- the composite membrane has a diameter of 12 and a mass density per unit area of ⁇ 3. The mass density of 0 1 ⁇ 1 unit per unit area is about ⁇ .
- the laminated body 50 shown in FIG. 6 was prepared.
- the laminated body 50 was manufactured by laminating the first electrode 51, the separator 11 and the second electrode 52 in this order.
- the first electrode 51 is composed of the composite membrane 5 3.
- the second electrode 52 is composed of a composite film 5 4 and a metal foil 5 5 (metal active material foil) which is laminated on the composite film 5 4 and constitutes the negative electrode active material 19 (!_ ⁇ ). Composed of.
- the first electrode 51 and the second electrode 52 are the second three-dimensional assembly of the second self-supporting sponge-like structure of 011 ⁇ 1-17.
- An electric current collector 18 and a plurality of seed particles 20 included in the second three-dimensional current collector 18 are provided.
- the metal foil 55 has a thickness of 50, Foil. Separator 11 is made of polypropylene.
- Figure 7 shows a photograph of the top surface of the laminate 50 (metal foil 55). From Fig. 7, the metallic luster of the metallic foil 55 was confirmed.
- Stack 50 and The test solution of Example 11 was prepared by accommodating the electrolytic solution and the container.
- the metal active material was retained by depositing (P lat i ng) L i on the first electrode.
- L i was deposited at a constant current with a current density of 0.4 mA/cm 2 and a cut-off voltage of 0.1 V.
- the deposition of L i on the first electrode and the introduction of L i is called charging, and the L i of the first electrode is eluted (St ri pp i ng) from the first electrode.
- Emitting L i is called discharge.
- L i of the metal foil 55 contained in the second electrode 52 is dissolved, L i ions move to the first electrode 51, and the seed particles included in the inside of the composite film 53 are seed particles.
- L i was precipitated around 20.
- L i is the first electrode corresponding to eight. 8 6 m A h / cm 2 capacitance is introduced.
- the metal foil 55 does not remain in the laminated body 50 after charging.
- reference numeral 50 A indicates the laminated body after charging
- reference numeral 51 A indicates the first electrode after charging
- reference numeral 52 A indicates the second electrode after charging.
- FIG. 9 shows a photograph of the top surface of the first electrode 51A after charging (the surface that was in contact with the separator 11).
- Figure 10 shows a photograph of the underside of the second electrode 52A after charging (the surface that was in contact with the separator 11).
- Figure 11 shows a photograph of the upper surface (the surface that was in contact with the metal foil 55) of the second electrode 52A after charging. From FIG. 9, it was confirmed that the composite film 53, which was black before charging, was white with no metallic luster.
- Example 12 will be described below.
- the composite film according to Example 12 was formed by the same method as in Example 11, that is, the method described in the first example of the composite film forming step.
- the composite membrane according to Example 12 differs from the composite membrane according to Example 11 in that the mass density of ⁇ ! ⁇ 1 per unit area is about ⁇ / ⁇ / 2 .
- a laminated body according to Example 12 was manufactured by the same method as in Example 11. A photograph of the top surface (metal foil) of the laminate according to Example 12 is shown in FIG. From Fig. 12, the metallic luster of the metal foil was confirmed.
- the test cell of Example 12 was prepared by accommodating the laminate and the electrolytic solution in a container.
- the metal active material was retained.
- the precipitation of 1-iron was performed at a constant current with a current density of 0.48/ ⁇ 12 and a cutoff voltage of 0.1 ⁇ .
- the charge melts !_ ⁇ of the metal foil contained in the second electrode, moves !_ ⁇ ions to the first electrode, and moves !_ ⁇ around the seed particles contained inside the composite film.
- the first electrode 9. 1 3_Rei_1 eight / Rei_rei_1 corresponding to second capacitor 1 ⁇ was introduced.
- Example 12 The test cell of Example 12 was actually disassembled, and it was visually confirmed that no metal foil remained.
- Figure 13 shows a photograph of the top surface (the surface that was in contact with the separator) of the first electrode after charging.
- Figure 14 shows a photograph of the bottom surface of the second electrode (the surface that was in contact with the separator) after charging. From Fig. 13, it was confirmed that the composite film, which was black before charging, was white with no metallic luster.
- the negative electrode active material !-I was deposited around the seed particles contained inside the composite film, whereby the first electrode was observed to be white with no metallic luster. From Fig. 14, the bottom surface of the second electrode is almost black, and! It was confirmed that _ ⁇ almost did not exist.
- a test cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 12 and the produced test cell was used as Example 13.
- the test cell of Example 13 has the same configuration as the test cell of Example 12.
- the charging in the first cycle was performed at a constant current with a current density of 0.4 mA/cm 2 as in Examples 11 and 12 and the cutoff voltage was 0.1 V.
- a metal L i with a thickness of 50 m and a diameter of 12 mm corresponds to a capacity of about 10 mAh/cm 2 .
- Part of L i is consumed for the formation of SEI (solid electrolyte interface) film during the first charge, so the first electrode has a L i equivalent to a capacity of about 8.8 mA h/cm 2.
- SEI solid electrolyte interface
- the discharge in the first cycle was also performed at a constant current with a current density of 0.4 mA/cm 2 .
- the discharge in the first cycle was stopped while leaving Li corresponding to a capacity of about 2.4 mA h/cm 2 on the first electrode.
- Li corresponding to a capacity of about 6.4 mA h/cm 2 was introduced into the second electrode.
- Charging and discharging after the second cycle is performed for 2 to 4 cycles so that the amount of L i moving between the first electrode and the second electrode corresponds to the capacity of about 4 mAh/cm 2.
- a test cell having a laminated body in which a first Cu foil (corresponding to the first electrode), a separator, a metal foil, and a second Cu foil were sequentially laminated was prepared, and the prepared test cells were compared. It was set as Comparative Example 1.
- the first CU foil and the second CU foil used in the test cell of Comparative Example 1 were It is a foil with a diameter of 12 mm.
- the metal foil used in the test cell of Comparative Example 1 has the same structure as the metal foil used in the test cell of Example 13
- a cell was prepared, and the prepared test cell was designated as Comparative Example 2.
- the test cell of Comparative Example 2 differs from the test cell of Example 13 in that the first electrode and the second electrode do not contain seed particles.
- a test cell having a first electrode composed of a composite film, a separator, and a laminated body in which a second electrode composed of a composite film and a metal foil with a thickness of 5 OO ⁇ m was laminated in order was prepared. ⁇ 02020/175488 26 ⁇ (: 170? 2020 /007518
- the manufactured test cell was designated as Comparative Example 3.
- the test cell of Comparative Example 3 differs from the test cell of Example 13 in the thickness of the metal foil.
- a cycle test was performed on each of the test cells of Comparative Examples 1 and 2.
- the cycle test of the test cell of Comparative Example 1 was carried out under conditions that were partially different from those of the test cell of Example 13 and the cycle test of the test cell of Comparative Example 2 was carried out under the same conditions as those of the test cell of Example 13 ..
- the cycle test of the test cell of Comparative Example 1 will be described below.
- the charging in the first cycle was performed at a constant current with a current density of 0.48/ ⁇ 12 and a cut-off voltage of 0.15.
- FIG. 15 shows the result of the cycle test of the test cell of Example 13.
- Figure 16 shows the results of the cycle test of the test cell of Comparative Example 1.
- Figure 17 shows the results of the cycle test of the test cell of Comparative Example 2.
- the vertical axis represents voltage and the horizontal axis represents time.
- the mass of the two composite membranes that compose the first electrode and the second electrode is 0. 1 2 0 19/ ⁇ 111 2 , 0 1 ⁇
- the mass of one is ⁇ .
- the total mass is 3 1. Since there are two electrodes with a design capacity of 4018 11 2, the mass reference capacity density is 257 ⁇ 11 11/9.
- the test cell of Comparative Example 3 does not contribute to charging/discharging! -Since the sardine remains in the state of a foil with a thickness of about 450, the mass capacity density and volume capacity density are lower than those of the test cell of Example 13. As described above, in the test cell of Example 13, the formation of large dendrites is suppressed by including a plurality of seed particles that become !- ⁇ precipitation nuclei during charging. _ It has been confirmed that the consumption of ⁇ is suppressed and excellent cycle characteristics are obtained.
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Abstract
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| JP2021502280A JP7411966B2 (ja) | 2019-02-26 | 2020-02-25 | 二次電池用負極、二次電池、および二次電池用負極の製造方法 |
| US17/430,569 US12266803B2 (en) | 2019-02-26 | 2020-02-25 | Secondary battery negative electrode, secondary battery, and manufacturing method of secondary battery negative electrode |
| CN202080015628.2A CN113474916B (zh) | 2019-02-26 | 2020-02-25 | 二次电池用负极、二次电池及二次电池用负极的制造方法 |
| EP20762187.1A EP3933973B1 (en) | 2019-02-26 | 2020-02-25 | Secondary battery negative electrode, secondary battery, and manufacturing method of secondary battery negative electrode |
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| JPWO2022244362A1 (ja) * | 2021-05-18 | 2022-11-24 | ||
| US20230027597A1 (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2023-01-26 | Hyundai Motor Company | Anode for lithium secondary battery including stable solid electrolyte interphase layer and electrolyte composition for manufacturing same |
| JP2024061179A (ja) * | 2022-10-21 | 2024-05-07 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 全固体電池 |
| JP2024099705A (ja) * | 2023-04-25 | 2024-07-25 | 寧徳新能源科技有限公司 | 二次電池及び電子装置 |
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| CN116247163B (zh) * | 2022-12-13 | 2025-08-15 | 广东工业大学 | 一种复合负极及其制备方法和在金属二次电池中的应用 |
| CN116364860B (zh) * | 2023-06-01 | 2023-11-10 | 宁德时代新能源科技股份有限公司 | 二次电池及其制备方法和用电装置 |
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| JPWO2022244362A1 (ja) * | 2021-05-18 | 2022-11-24 | ||
| JP7754160B2 (ja) | 2021-05-18 | 2025-10-15 | 株式会社村田製作所 | 二次電池用負極および二次電池 |
| US20230027597A1 (en) * | 2021-07-16 | 2023-01-26 | Hyundai Motor Company | Anode for lithium secondary battery including stable solid electrolyte interphase layer and electrolyte composition for manufacturing same |
| JP2024061179A (ja) * | 2022-10-21 | 2024-05-07 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 全固体電池 |
| JP7750817B2 (ja) | 2022-10-21 | 2025-10-07 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 全固体電池 |
| JP2024099705A (ja) * | 2023-04-25 | 2024-07-25 | 寧徳新能源科技有限公司 | 二次電池及び電子装置 |
| JP7785842B2 (ja) | 2023-04-25 | 2025-12-15 | 寧徳新能源科技有限公司 | 二次電池及び電子装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN113474916A (zh) | 2021-10-01 |
| US20220140351A1 (en) | 2022-05-05 |
| CN113474916B (zh) | 2025-05-13 |
| JP7411966B2 (ja) | 2024-01-12 |
| JPWO2020175488A1 (ja) | 2020-09-03 |
| EP3933973A4 (en) | 2024-07-31 |
| US12266803B2 (en) | 2025-04-01 |
| EP3933973A1 (en) | 2022-01-05 |
| EP3933973B1 (en) | 2025-10-29 |
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