WO2020224376A1 - 一种原位聚合阻燃剂及其制备方法和由其组成的模塑组合物 - Google Patents

一种原位聚合阻燃剂及其制备方法和由其组成的模塑组合物 Download PDF

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WO2020224376A1
WO2020224376A1 PCT/CN2020/084263 CN2020084263W WO2020224376A1 WO 2020224376 A1 WO2020224376 A1 WO 2020224376A1 CN 2020084263 W CN2020084263 W CN 2020084263W WO 2020224376 A1 WO2020224376 A1 WO 2020224376A1
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dimethyl
octanediamine
diamine
hexanediamine
flame retardant
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French (fr)
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常欢
黄险波
叶南飚
曹民
张传辉
姜苏俊
解明晨
阎昆
彭忠泉
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Kingfa Science and Technology Co Ltd
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Kingfa Science and Technology Co Ltd
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Priority to EP20802867.0A priority Critical patent/EP3957677B1/en
Priority to JP2021566302A priority patent/JP7410978B2/ja
Priority to US17/609,409 priority patent/US12534573B2/en
Publication of WO2020224376A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020224376A1/zh
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G69/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G69/42Polyamides containing atoms other than carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08GMACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G69/00Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G69/02Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • C08G69/26Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • C08G69/265Polyamides derived from amino-carboxylic acids or from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids from at least two different diamines or at least two different dicarboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L77/00Compositions of polyamides obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L77/06Polyamides derived from polyamines and polycarboxylic acids
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2201/00Properties
    • C08L2201/02Flame or fire retardant/resistant
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08LCOMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L2205/00Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
    • C08L2205/02Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
    • C08L2205/025Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of new polymer materials, in particular to an in-situ polymerization flame retardant, a preparation method thereof, and a molding composition composed of the flame retardant.
  • Polyamide is the most widely used engineering plastic and has important applications in the fields of electronic appliances, home appliances, etc.
  • the flammability of polyamide itself greatly limits the application and promotion of polyamide. Therefore, the flame retardant modification of polyamide is very important significance.
  • halogen-containing flame-retardant modifiers are divided into halogen-containing flame-retardant modifiers and halogen-free flame-retardant modifiers, but halogen-containing flame-retardant materials will produce a large amount of halogen-containing toxic and corrosive gas when burning, causing secondary harm .
  • halogen-free flame retardant modifiers mainly include phosphorus flame retardants, nitrogen flame retardants, silicon flame retardants, etc. Among them, phosphorus flame retardants have the best flame retardant effect.
  • phosphorus-based flame retardants are mostly phosphorus-containing inorganic salts.
  • the patent CN100564454C discloses a hypophosphite flame-retardant modified polyamide; however, this type of flame retardant is a small molecule inorganic salt, and The compatibility of the resin matrix is poor, and it is easy to cause uneven distribution such as agglomeration, precipitation or migration to the surface of the material, which affects the performance of the material.
  • US5859147A synthesizes an alkyl compound containing phosphate ester structure, which can solve the problem of flame retardant surface precipitation to a certain extent, but the structure of the compound determines that it has better compatibility only with amorphous polyamide. It solves the problem of surface migration of flame retardants in amorphous polyamide, but has no effect on crystalline and semi-crystalline semi-aromatic polyamides.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to overcome the above technical defects and provide an in-situ polymerized flame retardant, which is an in-situ polymerized semi-aromatic polyamide oligomer, which has no precipitation in the semi-aromatic polyamide and does not affect the semi-aromatic polyamide.
  • the present invention also provides a preparation method of the above-mentioned in-situ polymerization flame retardant.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a polyamide molding composition added with the in-situ polymerized flame retardant of the present invention, which has the advantages of good flame retardant effect and good mechanical properties.
  • Diamine monomer B one or more of diamine monomers containing 4-36 carbon atoms.
  • Phosphorus-containing aromatic ring-containing reactive flame-retardant diacid monomers are selected from 3-hydroxyphenylphosphoryl propionic acid (CEPPA), bis(p-carboxyphenyl)phenyl phosphine oxide (BCPPO), bis(p-carboxyl) Phenyl) methyl phosphine oxide (BCMPO), bis(p-carboxyphenyl) ethyl phosphine oxide (BCEPO), ((6-oxo-6H-dibenzo-(c,e)(1,2)- At least one of phosphahexyl-6-one)-methyl]-succinic acid (DDP);
  • CEPPA 3-hydroxyphenylphosphoryl propionic acid
  • BCPPO bis(p-carboxyphenyl)phenyl phosphine oxide
  • BCMPO bis(p-carboxyl) Phenyl) methyl phosphine oxide
  • BCEPO bis(p-carboxy
  • the preferred phosphorus-based aromatic ring-containing reactive flame-retardant diacid monomer of the present invention does not contain nitrogen elements.
  • the phosphorus-based aromatic ring-containing reactive flame-retardant diacid monomer is selected from [(6-oxo-6H-dibenzo-(c,e)(1,2)-oxaphosphate-6- Ketone)-methyl]-succinic acid, its structural formula is as follows:
  • the relative viscosity of the in-situ polymerized flame retardant is 1.2-1.5, and the test condition is 25°C ⁇ 0.01°C, in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid, the in-situ polymerized flame retardant concentration is 10mg/mL.
  • the present invention uses relative viscosity to characterize the molecular weight of the in-situ polymerized flame retardant.
  • the in-situ polymerized flame retardant has a good anti-precipitation effect when it reaches a certain relative viscosity range, which is reflected in the polyamide molding composition composed of it. The mechanical properties are better.
  • the content of A2 in the diacid monomer A is 15-40 mol%.
  • the content of A2 can be any content from 15mol% to 40mol%, specifically 15mol%, 17mol%, 19mol%, 21mol%, 23mol%, 25mol%, 27mol%, 29mol%, 31mol%, 33mol%, 35mol% , 37mol%, 39mol%, 40mol%.
  • the diamine monomer B is selected from 1,4-butanediamine, 1,5-pentanediamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,7-heptanediamine, 1,8-octanediamine, 1,9-nonanediamine, 1,10-decanediamine, 1,11-undecanediamine, 1,12-dodecanediamine, 1,14-tetradecanediamine, 1,16- Hexadecandiamine, 1,18-octadecanediamine, 1-butyl-1,2-ethylenediamine, 1,1-dimethyl-1,4-butanediamine, 1-ethyl- 1,4-butanediamine, 1,2-dimethyl-1,4-butanediamine, 1,3-dimethyl-1,4-butanediamine, 1,4-dimethyl-1, 4-butanediamine, 2,3-dimethyl-1,4-butanediamine, 2-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediamine, 2, 5-Dimethyl-1,6
  • At least one selected from 1,10-decane diamine and 1,6-hexamethylene diamine Preferably, at least one selected from 1,10-decane diamine and 1,6-hexamethylene diamine.
  • the preparation method of the above-mentioned in-situ polymerization flame retardant includes the following steps: weighing diacid monomer A, diamine monomer B, catalyst (may be sodium hypophosphite), and deionized water into a high temperature and high pressure reactor, After filling and ventilating to make the atmosphere in the kettle nitrogen, the temperature is increased to 160-180°C, the reaction is held at a constant temperature for 0.5 hours, the temperature is continued to rise to 200-210°C, and the reaction is held at a constant temperature for 0.5 hours, and the temperature is increased to 240-250°C, and the reaction is held at a constant temperature for 1 hour. Drain for about 0.5 hours and discharge the material to obtain in-situ polymerized flame retardant.
  • the polyamide molding composition composed of the above-mentioned in-situ polymerized flame retardant, in parts by weight, includes the following components:
  • the content of terephthalic acid is 50-100 mol%;
  • the diamine monomer of the semi-aromatic polyamide is selected from the two having 4-36 carbon atoms One or more of amines;
  • the diamine with 4-36 carbon atoms is selected from 1,4-butanediamine, 1,5-pentanediamine, 1,6-hexanediamine, 1,7 -Heptanediamine, 1,8-octanediamine, 1,9-nonanediamine, 1,10-decanediamine, 1,11-undecanediamine, 1,12-dodecanediamine, 1 , 14-tetradecane diamine, 1,16-hexadecane diamine, 1,18-octadecane diamine, 1,36-trihexadecane diamine and other linear aliphatic diamines; 1- Butyl-1,2-ethylenediamine, 1,1-dimethyl-1,4-butanediamine, 1-ethyl
  • the relative viscosity of the semi-aromatic polyamide resin with a concentration of 10 mg/ml measured in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid at 25°C ⁇ 0.01°C is 1.7-2.8, preferably 2.0-2.3.
  • it also includes at least one of reinforcing fibers, fillers, additives, and processing aids.
  • the average length of the reinforcing fiber is 0.01mm-20mm, preferably 0.1mm-6mm; its aspect ratio is 5:1-3500:1, preferably 30:1-600:1; based on polyamide molding composition
  • the content of the reinforcing fiber is 10wt%-50wt%, more preferably 15wt%-40wt%;
  • the reinforcing fiber is an inorganic reinforcing fiber or an organic reinforcing fiber, and the inorganic reinforcing fiber includes but is not limited to One of glass fiber, potassium titanate fiber, metal-clad glass fiber, ceramic fiber, wollastonite fiber, metal carbide fiber, metal curing fiber, asbestos fiber, alumina fiber, silicon carbide fiber, gypsum fiber or boron fiberkind or several.
  • the filler has an average particle size of 0.001 ⁇ m-100 ⁇ m, preferably 0.01 ⁇ m-50 ⁇ m, including but not limited to potassium titanate whiskers, zinc oxide whiskers, aluminum borate whiskers, wollastonite, zeolite, kaolin, mica, talc, Clay, pyrophyllite, bentonite, montmorillonite, asbestos, aluminosilicate, alumina, silica, magnesium oxide, zirconia, titanium oxide, iron oxide, calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, dolomite, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, One or more of magnesium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, glass beads, ceramic beads, boron nitride, silicon carbide or silicon dioxide.
  • the mica can be ordinary mica, sericite, fluorophlogopite (synthetic mica), etc.; montmorillonite can be ordinary montmorillonite, hectorite, or montmorillonite modified by other methods.
  • the present invention has no special requirements on the additives and processing aids of the polyamide molding composition.
  • the additives can be toners, anti-ultraviolet agents or other weathering agents, etc.; the processing aids can be lubricants, antioxidants, etc.
  • the present invention has the following beneficial effects:
  • an in-situ polymerization flame retardant is obtained by in-situ copolymerization of phosphorus-based reactive flame-retardant diacid monomers containing aromatic rings in a semi-aromatic polyamide oligomer, and a semi-aromatic polyamide mold composed of it is obtained.
  • the plastic composition has good flame retardant properties and good mechanical properties. It avoids the problem of uneven distribution of inorganic small-molecule phosphorus flame retardants in the composition, such as agglomeration, precipitation or migration to the surface of the material after flame retardant modification, and the alkyl compound containing phosphate ester structure is only suitable for amorphous polyamide Technical issues of good compatibility.
  • the raw materials used in the examples and comparative examples of the present invention are derived from commercially available products.
  • PA10T Vicnyl 700
  • PA6T66 Vicnyl 400
  • Antioxidant Antioxidant 1098;
  • Lubricant polyethylene wax
  • CEMPO Bis (2-carboxyethyl) methyl phosphine oxide
  • Glass fiber 568H, with an average length of 4 mm and a diameter of 13 microns.
  • Preparation method of in-situ copolymerized flame retardant According to the monomer and molar content of in-situ copolymerized flame retardant in Table 1, weigh diacid monomer A, diamine monomer B, sodium hypophosphite, and deionized water. In the high-temperature and high-pressure reaction kettle, after filling and ventilating to make the atmosphere in the kettle nitrogen, the temperature is raised to 160-180°C, constant temperature reaction is 0.5 hours, the temperature is continued to 200-210°C, and constant temperature reaction is 0.5 hours, and the temperature is continued to 240-250°C , React at constant temperature for 1 hour, drain for about 0.5 hours, and discharge the material to obtain in-situ polymerization flame retardant.
  • the preparation method of the polyamide molding composition of the Examples and Comparative Examples According to the formula, the semi-aromatic polyamide resin, flame retardant (in-situ copolymerized flame retardant or OP935), and other additives were mixed uniformly in a high-mixer , Adding into the twin-screw extruder through the main feeding port, side feeding the reinforcing filler through the side feeding scale, extruding, cooling with water, granulating and drying, to obtain the polyamide molding composition.
  • flame retardant in-situ copolymerized flame retardant or OP935
  • Relative viscosity Refer to the standard GB/T 12006.1-1989, and use Ubbelohde viscometer to measure the relative viscosity of the product with a concentration of 0.25g/dL in 98% concentrated sulfuric acid at (25 ⁇ 0.01)°C.
  • Notched impact strength/unnotched impact strength Refer to the standard ISO 180 to test the impact strength of resin materials.
  • Limiting oxygen index Measured with reference to the standard GB/T5454-1997, the sample size is 12cm ⁇ 1cm ⁇ 0.4cm.
  • Example 2/7/8 It can be seen from Example 2/7/8 that the preferred relative viscosity range is 1.2-1.5.
  • the in-situ copolymerized flame retardant containing phosphorus-based aromatic ring-containing reactive flame-retardant diacid monomers synthesized in the present invention is compared with the conventional (2-carboxyethyl) Methyl phosphine oxide inorganic phosphorus flame retardant has better compatibility and strong precipitation resistance, has less influence on the performance of semi-aromatic polyamide resin itself, and has better flame retardant effect.

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Abstract

公开了一种原位聚合阻燃剂,衍生自以下单体:二酸单体A:A1为对苯二甲酸,A2为磷系含芳香环的反应型阻燃二酸单体,A1+A2=100mol%,A1=50-90mol%,A2=10-50mol%;二胺单体B:含有4-36个碳原子的二胺单体中的一种或多种。通过在半芳香族聚酰胺低聚物中原位聚合磷系含芳香环的反应型阻燃二酸单体,得到一种新型阻燃剂,其具有在半芳香族聚酰胺中不析出、不影响半芳香族聚酰胺其他性能的优点,并具有优异的阻燃性能。

Description

一种原位聚合阻燃剂及其制备方法和由其组成的模塑组合物 技术领域
本发明涉及新型高分子材料技术领域,特别是涉及一种原位聚合阻燃剂及其制备方法和由其组成的模塑组合物。
背景技术
聚酰胺是应用最为广泛的工程塑料,在电子电器、家电等领域有重要应用,但聚酰胺本身易燃性质极大限制了聚酰胺的应用推广,因此聚酰胺的阻燃改性具有非常重要的意义。
目前,聚酰胺阻燃改性剂分为含卤阻燃改性剂和无卤阻燃改性剂,但是含卤阻燃材料在燃烧时会产生大量含卤有毒腐蚀性气体,造成二次危害。随着环保要求日益严格,人们对于无卤阻燃材料的需求越来越迫切。无卤阻燃改性剂主要包括磷系阻燃剂、氮系阻燃剂、硅系阻燃剂等,其中又以磷系阻燃剂的阻燃效果为最佳。
通常,磷系阻燃剂中使用的多为含磷无机盐,如专利CN100564454C公开了一种次磷酸盐阻燃改性聚酰胺;但是,该类型阻燃剂为小分子无机盐,与高分子树脂基体的相容性较差,容易产生团聚、析出或迁移到材料表面等分布不均的问题,影响材料的性能。US5859147A合成了一种含有磷酸酯结构的烷基化合物,可以一定程度解决阻燃剂表面析出的问题,但是该化合物的结构决定了它仅对无定型聚酰胺有更好的相容性,它仅解决了阻燃剂在无定型聚酰胺中的表面迁移问题,但对于结晶、半结晶类型的半芳香族聚酰胺则没有效果。
发明内容
本发明的目的在于,克服以上技术缺陷,提供一种原位聚合阻燃剂,为原位聚合半芳香族聚酰胺低聚物,其具有在半芳香族聚酰胺中不析出、不影响半芳香族聚酰胺其他性能的优点。本发明也提供了上述原位聚合阻燃剂的制备方法。
本发明的另一目的在于,提供一种聚酰胺模塑组合物,添加了本发明的原位聚合阻燃剂,具有阻燃效果好、力学性能好的优点。
本发明是通过以下技术方案实现的:
一种原位聚合阻燃剂,衍生自以下单体:
二酸单体A:A1为对苯二甲酸,A2为磷系含芳香环的反应型阻燃二酸单体, A1+A2=100mol%,A1=50-90mol%,A2=10-50mol%;
二胺单体B:含有4-36个碳原子的二胺单体中的一种或多种。
磷系含芳香环的反应型阻燃二酸单体选自3-羟基苯基磷酰丙酸(CEPPA)、双(对-羧苯基)苯基氧化膦(BCPPO)、双(对-羧苯基)甲基氧化膦(BCMPO)、双(对-羧苯基)乙基氧化膦(BCEPO)、[(6-氧-6H-二苯并-(c,e)(1,2)-氧磷杂己环-6-酮)-甲基]-丁二酸(DDP)中的至少一种;
本发明优选的磷系含芳香环的反应型阻燃二酸单体不含氮元素。
优选的,磷系含芳香环的反应型阻燃二酸单体选自[(6-氧-6H-二苯并-(c,e)(1,2)-氧磷杂己环-6-酮)-甲基]-丁二酸,其结构式如下:
Figure PCTCN2020084263-appb-000001
原位聚合阻燃剂的相对粘度为1.2-1.5,测试条件为25℃±0.01℃下,在98%的浓硫酸中,原位聚合阻燃剂浓度为10mg/mL。本发明使用相对粘度来表征原位聚合阻燃剂的分子量大小,原位聚合阻燃剂达到一定的相对粘度的范围内则具有良好抗析出效果,体现在由其组成的聚酰胺模塑组合物的力学性能更好。
优选的,二酸单体A中,A2的含量为15-40mol%。在优选的A2含量下,制备难度、阻燃性能、抗析出能力都得到良好的平衡,更有应用价值。A2的含量可以是15mol%-40mol%中的任意含量,具体可以是15mol%、17mol%、19mol%、21mol%、23mol%、25mol%、27mol%、29mol%、31mol%、33mol%、35mol%、37mol%、39mol%、40mol%。
所述的二胺单体B选自1,4-丁二胺、1,5-戊二胺、1,6-己二胺、1,7-庚二胺、1,8-辛二胺、1,9-壬二胺、1,10-癸二胺、1,11-十一烷二胺、1,12-十二烷二胺、1,14-十四烷二胺、1,16-十六烷二胺、1,18-十八烷二胺、1-丁基-1,2-乙二胺、1,1-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、1-乙基-1,4-丁二胺、1,2-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、1,3-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、1,4-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、2,3-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、2-甲基-1,5-戊二胺、3-甲基-1,5-戊二胺、2,5-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,4-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、3,3-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,2-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,2,4-三甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,4,4-三甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,4-二乙基-1, 6-己二胺、2,2-二甲基-1,7-庚二胺、2,3-二甲基-1,7-庚二胺、2,4-二甲基-1,7-庚二胺、2,5-二甲基-1,7-庚二胺、2-甲基-1,8-辛二胺、3-甲基-1,8-辛二胺、4-甲基-1,8-辛二胺、1,3-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、1,4-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、2,4-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、3,4-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、4,5-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、2,2-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、3,3-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、4,4-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、5-甲基-1,9-壬二胺中的一种或几种;
优选的,选自1,10-癸二胺、1,6-己二胺中的至少一种。
上述的原位聚合阻燃剂的制备方法,包括以下步骤:称量二酸单体A、二胺单体B、催化剂(可以是次亚磷酸钠)、去离子水加入高温高压反应釜中,充换气使釜内气氛为氮气后,升温到160-180℃,恒温反应0.5小时,继续升温到200-210℃,并恒温反应0.5小时,继续升温至240-250℃,恒温反应1小时,排水约0.5小时,出料得到原位聚合阻燃剂。
由上述的原位聚合阻燃剂组成的聚酰胺模塑组合物,按重量份计,包括以下组分:
半芳香族聚酰胺                    40-100份;
原位聚合阻燃剂                    5-45份。
所述半芳香族聚酰胺的二酸单体中,对苯二甲酸的含量为50-100mol%;所述半芳香族聚酰胺的二胺单体,选自具有4-36个碳原子的二胺中的一种或几种;所述具有4-36个碳原子的二胺选自1,4-丁二胺、1,5-戊二胺、1,6-己二胺、1,7-庚二胺、1,8-辛二胺、1,9-壬二胺、1,10-癸二胺、1,11-十一烷二胺、1,12-十二烷二胺、1,14-十四烷二胺、1,16-十六烷二胺、1,18-十八烷二胺、1,36-三十六烷二胺等直链状脂肪族二胺;1-丁基-1,2-乙二胺、1,1-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、1-乙基-1,4-丁二胺、1,2-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、1,3-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、1,4-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、2,3-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、2-甲基-1,5-戊二胺、3-甲基-1,5-戊二胺、2,5-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,4-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、3,3-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,2-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,2,4-三甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,4,4-三甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,4-二乙基-1,6-己二胺、2,2-二甲基-1,7-庚二胺、2,3-二甲基-1,7-庚二胺、2,4-二甲基-1,7-庚二胺、2,5-二甲基-1,7-庚二胺、2-甲基-1,8-辛二胺、3-甲基-1,8-辛二胺、4-甲基-1,8-辛二胺、1, 3-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、1,4-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、2,4-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、3,4-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、4,5-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、2,2-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、3,3-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、4,4-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、5-甲基-1,9-壬二胺等支链状脂肪族二胺;环己二胺、甲基环己二胺、异佛尔酮二胺、降冰片烷二甲胺、三环癸烷二甲胺等脂环式二胺中的至少一种;优选的,选自1,10-癸二胺、1,6-己二胺中的至少一种。
所述半芳香族聚酰胺,在25℃±0.01℃的98%的浓硫酸中测量浓度为10mg/ml的半芳香聚酰胺树脂的相对粘度为1.7-2.8,优选2.0-2.3。
按重量份计,还包括增强纤维、填料、添加剂、加工助剂中的至少一种。
所述增强纤维的平均长度为0.01mm-20mm,优选为0.1mm-6mm;其长径比为5:1-3500:1,优选为30:1-600:1;基于聚酰胺模塑组合物的总重量百分比计,所述增强纤维的含量为10wt%-50wt%,更优选为15wt%-40wt%;所述增强纤维为无机增强纤维或有机增强纤维,所述无机增强纤维包括但不仅限于玻璃纤维、钛酸钾纤维、金属包层的玻璃纤维、陶瓷纤维、硅灰石纤维、金属碳化物纤维、金属固化纤维、石棉纤维、氧化铝纤维、碳化硅纤维、石膏纤维或硼纤维的一种或几种。
填料其平均粒径为0.001μm-100μm,优选为0.01μm-50μm,包括但不仅限于钛酸钾晶须、氧化锌晶须、硼酸铝晶须、硅灰石、沸石、高岭土、云母、滑石、粘土、叶腊石、膨润土、蒙脱土、石棉、硅铝酸盐、氧化铝、氧化硅、氧化镁、氧化锆、氧化钛、氧化铁、碳酸钙、碳酸镁、白云石、硫酸钙、硫酸钡、氢氧化镁、氢氧化钙、氢氧化铝、玻璃珠、陶瓷珠、氮化硼、碳化硅或二氧化硅的一种或几种。云母可以是普通云母,也可以是绢云母、氟金云母(合成云母)等;蒙脱土可以是普通蒙脱土,也可以是锂蒙脱土,或者使用其他方式改性的蒙脱土。
本发明对聚酰胺模塑组合物的添加剂和加工助剂没有特别的要求,添加剂可以色粉、抗紫外线剂或者其他耐候剂等;加工助剂可以是润滑剂、抗氧剂等,可以根据聚酰胺模塑组合物的加工情况以及所需要具有的其他性质选择。
本发明与现有技术相比,具有如下有益效果:
本发明通过在半芳香族聚酰胺低聚物中原位共聚磷系含芳香环的反应型阻燃二酸单体,得到一种原位聚合阻燃剂,由其构成的半芳香族聚酰胺模塑组合物 具有阻燃性能好、力学性能好。避免了无机小分子磷系阻燃剂进行阻燃改性在组合物中团聚、析出或迁移到材料表面等分布不均的问题,以及含有磷酸酯结构的烷基化合物仅对于无定型聚酰胺具有良好相容性的技术问题。
具体实施方式
本发明通过以下实施例进一步对本发明进行说明,但是不应理解为对本发明的保护范围进行限制。
本发明实施例和对比例所用原料来源于市售产品。
PA10T:Vicnyl 700;
PA6T66:Vicnyl 400;
抗氧剂:抗氧剂1098;
润滑剂:聚乙烯蜡;
OP935:二乙基次磷酸盐;
CEMPO:双(2-羧乙基)甲基氧化膦;
玻璃纤维:568H,平均长度4毫米,直径13微米。
原位共聚阻燃剂的制备方法:根据表1原位共聚阻燃剂的单体及其摩尔含量,称量二酸单体A、二胺单体B、次亚磷酸钠、去离子水加入高温高压反应釜中,充换气使釜内气氛为氮气后,升温到160-180℃,恒温反应0.5小时,继续升温到200-210℃,并恒温反应0.5小时,继续升温至240-250℃,恒温反应1小时,排水约0.5小时,出料得到原位聚合阻燃剂。
实施例和对比例聚酰胺模塑组合物的制备方法:按照配方将半芳香族聚酰胺树脂、阻燃剂(原位共聚阻燃剂或OP935)、其他助剂在高混机中混合均匀后,通过主喂料口加入双螺杆挤出机中,增强填料通过侧喂料秤侧喂,挤出,过水冷却,造粒并干燥后,得到所述的聚酰胺模塑组合物。
各项性能测试方法:
(1)相对粘度:参照标准GB/T 12006.1-1989,采用乌氏粘度计在(25±0.01)℃的98%浓硫酸中测量浓度为0.25g/dL产物的相对粘度。
(2)拉伸强度:参考标准ISO 527,检测树脂材料的拉伸强度。
(3)弯曲强度:参考标准ISO 178,检测树脂材料的弯曲强度。
(4)缺口冲击强度/无缺口冲击强度:参考标准ISO 180,检测树脂材料的冲击 强度。
(5)UL94阻燃等级:参照GB/T2408-1996进行测定,试样尺寸为13cm×1.3cm×0.3cm。
(6)极限氧指数(LOI):参照标准GB/T5454-1997进行测定,试样尺寸为12cm×1cm×0.4cm。
表1:原位共聚阻燃剂
Figure PCTCN2020084263-appb-000002
续表1:
Figure PCTCN2020084263-appb-000003
表2:实施例和对比例聚酰胺模塑组合物的配方及各项性能测试结果
Figure PCTCN2020084263-appb-000004
Figure PCTCN2020084263-appb-000005
续表2:
Figure PCTCN2020084263-appb-000006
续表2:
Figure PCTCN2020084263-appb-000007
Figure PCTCN2020084263-appb-000008
从实施例1-4可以看出,优选的A2含量下,聚酰胺模塑组合物的力学性能与阻燃性能都较好。
从实施例2/5/6可以看出,优选阻燃剂单体DDP。
从实施例2/7/8可以看出,优选的相对粘度范围是1.2-1.5。
从对比例1/2/3可以看出,本发明合成的含有磷系含芳香环的反应型阻燃二酸单体的原位共聚阻燃剂相比于常规的(2-羧乙基)甲基氧化膦无机磷系阻燃剂,其相容性更好、抗析出能力强,对于半芳香族聚酰胺树脂本身的性能影响较小,并且阻燃效果更好。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种原位聚合阻燃剂,其特征在于,衍生自以下单体:
    二酸单体A:A1为对苯二甲酸,A2为磷系含芳香环的反应型阻燃二酸单体,A1+A2=100mol%,A1=50-90mol%,A2=10-50mol%;
    二胺单体B:含有4-36个碳原子的二胺单体中的一种或多种。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的原位聚合阻燃剂,其特征在于,磷系含芳香环的反应型阻燃二酸单体选自3-羟基苯基磷酰丙酸、双(对-羧苯基)苯基氧化膦、双(对-羧苯基)甲基氧化膦、双(对-羧苯基)乙基氧化膦、[(6-氧-6H-二苯并-(c,e)(1,2)-氧磷杂己环-6-酮)-甲基]-丁二酸中的至少一种;优选的,磷系含芳香环的反应型阻燃二酸单体选自[(6-氧-6H-二苯并-(c,e)(1,2)-氧磷杂己环-6-酮)-甲基]-丁二酸。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的原位聚合阻燃剂,其特征在于,原位聚合阻燃剂的相对粘度为1.2-1.5,测试条件为25℃±0.01℃下,在98%的浓硫酸中,原位聚合阻燃剂浓度为10mg/mL。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的原位聚合阻燃剂,其特征在于,二酸单体A中,A2的含量为15-40mol%。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的原位聚合阻燃剂,其特征在于,所述的二胺单体B选自1,4-丁二胺、1,5-戊二胺、1,6-己二胺、1,7-庚二胺、1,8-辛二胺、1,9-壬二胺、1,10-癸二胺、1,11-十一烷二胺、1,12-十二烷二胺、1,14-十四烷二胺、1,16-十六烷二胺、1,18-十八烷二胺、1-丁基-1,2-乙二胺、1,1-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、1-乙基-1,4-丁二胺、1,2-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、1,3-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、1,4-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、2,3-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、2-甲基-1,5-戊二胺、3-甲基-1,5-戊二胺、2,5-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,4-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、3,3-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,2-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,2,4-三甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,4,4-三甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,4-二乙基-1,6-己二胺、2,2-二甲基-1,7-庚二胺、2,3-二甲基-1,7-庚二胺、2,4-二甲基-1,7-庚二胺、2,5-二甲基-1,7-庚二胺、2-甲基-1,8-辛二胺、3-甲基-1,8-辛二胺、4-甲基-1,8-辛二胺、1,3-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、1,4-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、2,4-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、3,4-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、4,5-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、2,2-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、3,3-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、4,4-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、5-甲基-1,9-壬二胺中的一种或几种;优选的,选自1,10-癸二胺、1,6-己二胺。
  6. 权利要求1-5任一项所述的原位聚合阻燃剂的制备方法,其特征在于,包括以下步骤:称量二酸单体A、二胺单体B、催化剂、去离子水加入高温高压反应釜 中,充换气使釜内气氛为氮气后,升温到160-180℃,恒温反应0.5小时,继续升温到200-210℃,并恒温反应0.5小时,继续升温至240-250℃,恒温反应1小时,排水约0.5小时,出料得到原位聚合阻燃剂。
  7. 由权利要求1-5任一项所述的原位聚合阻燃剂组成的聚酰胺模塑组合物,其特征在于,按重量份计,包括以下组分:
    半芳香族聚酰胺    40-100份;
    原位聚合阻燃剂    5-45份。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的聚酰胺模塑组合物,其特征在于,所述半芳香族聚酰胺的二酸单体中,对苯二甲酸的含量为50-100mol%;所述半芳香族聚酰胺的二胺单体,选自具有4-36个碳原子的二胺中的一种或几种;所述具有4-36个碳原子的二胺选自1,4-丁二胺、1,5-戊二胺、1,6-己二胺、1,7-庚二胺、1,8-辛二胺、1,9-壬二胺、1,10-癸二胺、1,11-十一烷二胺、1,12-十二烷二胺、1,14-十四烷二胺、1,16-十六烷二胺、1,18-十八烷二胺、1,36-三十六烷二胺等直链状脂肪族二胺;1-丁基-1,2-乙二胺、1,1-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、1-乙基-1,4-丁二胺、1,2-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、1,3-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、1,4-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、2,3-二甲基-1,4-丁二胺、2-甲基-1,5-戊二胺、3-甲基-1,5-戊二胺、2,5-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,4-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、3,3-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,2-二甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,2,4-三甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,4,4-三甲基-1,6-己二胺、2,4-二乙基-1,6-己二胺、2,2-二甲基-1,7-庚二胺、2,3-二甲基-1,7-庚二胺、2,4-二甲基-1,7-庚二胺、2,5-二甲基-1,7-庚二胺、2-甲基-1,8-辛二胺、3-甲基-1,8-辛二胺、4-甲基-1,8-辛二胺、1,3-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、1,4-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、2,4-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、3,4-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、4,5-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、2,2-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、3,3-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、4,4-二甲基-1,8-辛二胺、5-甲基-1,9-壬二胺等支链状脂肪族二胺;环己二胺、甲基环己二胺、异佛尔酮二胺、降冰片烷二甲胺、三环癸烷二甲胺等脂环式二胺中的至少一种,优选的,选自1,10-癸二胺、1,6-己二胺中的至少一种。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的聚酰胺模塑组合物,其特征在于,所述半芳香族聚酰胺,在25℃±0.01℃的98%的浓硫酸中测量浓度为10mg/ml的半芳香聚酰胺树脂的相对粘度为1.7-2.8,优选2.0-2.3。
  10. 根据权利要求7所述的聚酰胺模塑组合物,其特征在于,按重量份计,还包括增强纤维、填料、添加剂、加工助剂中的至少一种。
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