WO2020239329A1 - Multi-capteur vibronique - Google Patents

Multi-capteur vibronique Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2020239329A1
WO2020239329A1 PCT/EP2020/061181 EP2020061181W WO2020239329A1 WO 2020239329 A1 WO2020239329 A1 WO 2020239329A1 EP 2020061181 W EP2020061181 W EP 2020061181W WO 2020239329 A1 WO2020239329 A1 WO 2020239329A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
gas bubbles
unit
frequency
oscillatable unit
ratio
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2020/061181
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Tobias Brengartner
Sergey Lopatin
Dieter Waldhauser
Thomas Alber
Philipp Leufke
Markus Kilian
Rebecca Page
Alfred Rieder
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
Original Assignee
Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG filed Critical Endress and Hauser SE and Co KG
Publication of WO2020239329A1 publication Critical patent/WO2020239329A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/76—Devices for measuring mass flow of a fluid or a fluent solid material
    • G01F1/78—Direct mass flowmeters
    • G01F1/80—Direct mass flowmeters operating by measuring pressure, force, momentum, or frequency of a fluid flow to which a rotational movement has been imparted
    • G01F1/84—Coriolis or gyroscopic mass flowmeters
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F1/00—Measuring the volume flow or mass flow of fluid or fluent solid material wherein the fluid passes through a meter in a continuous flow
    • G01F1/74—Devices for measuring flow of a fluid or flow of a fluent solid material in suspension in another fluid
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01F—MEASURING VOLUME, VOLUME FLOW, MASS FLOW OR LIQUID LEVEL; METERING BY VOLUME
    • G01F23/00—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm
    • G01F23/22—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water
    • G01F23/28—Indicating or measuring liquid level or level of fluent solid material, e.g. indicating in terms of volume or indicating by means of an alarm by measuring physical variables, other than linear dimensions, pressure or weight, dependent on the level to be measured, e.g. by difference of heat transfer of steam or water by measuring the variations of parameters of electromagnetic or acoustic waves applied directly to the liquid or fluent solid material
    • G01F23/296—Acoustic waves
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
    • G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
    • G01N11/16—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by measuring damping effect upon oscillatory body
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G01N9/002—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity using variation of the resonant frequency of an element vibrating in contact with the material submitted to analysis
    • G01N2009/006—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity using variation of the resonant frequency of an element vibrating in contact with the material submitted to analysis vibrating tube, tuning fork

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a, in particular computer-implemented, method for the detection of gas bubbles in a liquid medium with a sensor with a mechanically oscillatable unit.
  • the invention also relates to a computer program and a computer program product.
  • the sensor is a device for determining and / or monitoring at least one process variable of the medium, in particular a vibronic sensor or a field device operating according to the Coriolis measuring principle.
  • the medium is located in a container, for example in a container or in a pipeline.
  • the process variable in turn is, for example, a fill level, in particular a specifiable fill level, a flow rate, the density or the viscosity of the medium.
  • Vibronic sensors are widely used in process and / or
  • fill level measuring devices they have at least one mechanically oscillatable unit, such as an oscillating fork, a single rod or a membrane.
  • a drive / receiver unit often in the form of an electromechanical converter unit, which in turn can be, for example, a piezoelectric drive or an electromagnetic drive.
  • the drive / receiver unit stimulates the mechanically oscillatable unit to produce mechanical oscillations by means of an electrical excitation signal. Conversely, the drive / receiver unit can receive the mechanical vibrations of the mechanically vibratable unit and convert them into an electrical received signal.
  • the drive / receiver unit is accordingly either a separate drive unit and a separate receiver unit, or a combined drive / receiver unit.
  • the drive / receiver unit is part of a feedback electrical oscillating circuit, by means of which the mechanically oscillatable unit is excited into mechanical oscillations.
  • the resonant circuit condition according to which the gain factor is> 1 and all phases occurring in the resonant circuit result in a multiple of 360 °, must be met.
  • a certain phase shift between the excitation signal and the received signal must be guaranteed to excite and fulfill the resonant circuit condition. Therefore, a specifiable value for the phase shift, that is to say a setpoint value for the phase shift between the excitation signal and the received signal, is often set.
  • the most varied from the prior art Solutions, both analog and digital methods have become known, for example in the documents DE102006034105A1, DE102007013557A1, DE102005015547A1,
  • Both the excitation signal and the received signal are characterized by their frequency w, amplitude A and / or phase F. Accordingly, changes in these variables are usually used to determine the respective process variable.
  • the process variable can be, for example, a fill level, a predetermined fill level, or the density or viscosity of the medium, as well as the flow rate.
  • Level switch for liquids for example, a distinction is made as to whether the oscillatable unit is covered by the liquid or whether it oscillates freely. These two states, the free state and the covered state, are for example different on the basis of this
  • Resonance frequencies that is, based on a frequency shift, are differentiated.
  • the density and / or viscosity in turn, can only be determined with such a measuring device if the oscillatable unit is covered by the medium.
  • different possibilities have also become known from the prior art, such as those described in documents DE10050299A1,
  • a measuring tube which is held in a housing module and which is able to oscillate and which communicates with a pipeline is used as an oscillatable unit, which is at least temporarily closed
  • the underlying measuring principles are also known from a large number of publications and, for example, in US-A 47 93 191, US-A 48 23 614, * US-A 48 31 885, US-A 56 02 345, US- A 2007/0151368, US-A 2010/0050783, WO-A 96/08697, WO-A
  • a wide variety of causes can be responsible for the formation of gas bubbles in liquid media, such as stirring or pumping in the process, outgassing of dissolved air after a pressure drop in the medium, or a change in the medium temperature.
  • Gas bubbles are particularly common in fresh water or aqueous solutions. Gas bubbles that are distributed in the medium and that are also deposited on a surface of the respective sensor unit of the sensor which comprises the oscillatable unit play a role. .
  • a method for determining a physical parameter of a gas-laden liquid for a Coriolis flowmeter is known.
  • the oscillatable unit is excited to mechanical oscillations in two different oscillation modes, which depend to varying degrees on gas bubbles present within the medium. From the ratio for the density and / or the
  • Mass flow calculated values in the two vibration modes the influence of the gas bubbles on the measurement can be determined and corrected.
  • the present invention is based on the object of enabling reliable measuring operation of a sensor with an oscillatable unit in a simple manner in the event of gas bubble formation.
  • the object is achieved by a method, in particular
  • Computer-implemented method for the detection of gas bubbles in a liquid medium with a sensor with a mechanically oscillatable unit comprising the following
  • the oscillatable unit is part of a sensor unit of the sensor for determining and / or monitoring at least one process variable of a medium.
  • the oscillatable unit is, for example, a single rod or an oscillating fork.
  • the oscillatable unit is given by a measuring tube.
  • the first and second excitation signals are each an electrical signal with a predeterminable first or second frequency, in particular a sinusoidal or a square-wave signal. Preferably it is mechanical
  • the mechanical vibrations are influenced by the medium surrounding the vibratable unit, so that conclusions can be drawn about various properties or process variables of the medium on the basis of a received signal representing the vibrations.
  • the first and second received signals are also influenced by the presence of gas bubbles.
  • the influence of the gas bubbles on the first and second received signal is different, the evaluation of the relationship between the two
  • a statement about the presence of gas bubbles can be made in accordance with vibration modes.
  • the method is advantageously very easy to implement. No complex structural measures or additional sensor units are necessary. Rather, all that is required is the excitation of the oscillatable unit with two different excitation signals in order to generate two different oscillation modes.
  • the two oscillation modes can be excited simultaneously, that is to say superimposed on one another, or alternately, in particular sequentially.
  • the first oscillation mode is a fundamental oscillation mode of the oscillatable unit.
  • the mass distribution, rigidity and / or geometry of the oscillatable unit is / are chosen such that the fundamental oscillation mode is at a frequency f 1 ⁇ 1.5 kHz.
  • the second oscillation mode is selected in such a way that the oscillations of the oscillatable unit are influenced by the formation of gas bubbles in the area of the mechanically oscillatable unit.
  • the higher oscillation mode is therefore deliberately selected with a view to detecting the gas bubbles.
  • the respective process variable is then preferably determined and / or monitored on the basis of a different oscillation mode.
  • the higher oscillation mode is selected such that the frequency of the second oscillation mode lies in a frequency range in which a natural frequency of the gas bubbles lies.
  • the resonance frequency of gas bubbles depends, among other things, on the, in particular
  • the vibration energy of the sensor is absorbed by the gas bubbles and a resonance vibration of the vibratable unit is very strongly damped or no longer possible.
  • the second oscillation mode is preferably a first, higher one
  • Another embodiment of the invention includes that the first and second characteristic variable of the first and second received signal is a frequency, a
  • Amplitude or a variable derived from at least the frequency or the amplitude.
  • a particularly preferred embodiment includes that in the event that the ratio of the first and second characteristic variable is zero or a slope of the ratio of the first and second characteristic variable as a function of time exceeds a predeterminable limit value, the presence of gas bubbles is concluded. In the case of the
  • Received signal can be detected more.
  • Ratio of the first and second characteristic variable as a function of time The predeterminable limit value is fallen below, it is concluded that no gas bubbles are present.
  • a process variable of the medium is determined on the basis of the first received signal on the basis of the first received signal.
  • the process variable is preferably a fill level, in particular a predeterminable fill level, a flow rate, the density or the viscosity of the medium. especially the
  • Determining the density of the medium shows a sensitive dependence on the presence of gas bubbles in the respective liquid.
  • Another particularly preferred embodiment includes that process monitoring is carried out on the basis of the ratio of the first and second characteristic variables.
  • process monitoring is carried out on the basis of the ratio of the first and second characteristic variables.
  • the presence of gas bubbles can also be desired in certain processes and monitored or verified by means of the method according to the invention.
  • fermentation or a disinfection process can advantageously be monitored by means of the method according to the invention.
  • the presence of gas bubbles during individual process steps is absolutely necessary for such processes.
  • the method according to the invention can on the one hand provide information about the actual presence of the
  • a point in time can also be determined at which there are no more gas bubbles. On the basis of this point in time, further process steps can then, for example, be initiated or process variables of the medium can be determined and / or monitored.
  • the object on which the invention is based is also achieved by a computer program for the detection of gas bubbles in a liquid medium with computer-readable ones
  • Program code elements which, when executed on a computer, cause the computer to execute at least one embodiment of the method according to the invention.
  • the object on which the invention is based is also achieved by a
  • Computer program product with a computer program according to the invention and at least one computer-readable medium on which at least the computer program is stored.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic sketch of a (a) vibronic sensor and (b) a field device according to the prior art that works according to the Coriolis measuring principle
  • FIG. 4 shows diagrams of the amplitude of the first and second received signals and of the ratio of the first and second amplitudes as a function of time.
  • FIG. 1a shows a vibronic sensor 1 with a sensor unit 2 with an oscillatable unit 4 in the form of a vibrating fork, which is used in particular to determine and / or monitor a, in particular predeterminable, fill level, the density and / or the viscosity of the medium.
  • the mechanically oscillatable unit 4 is partially immersed in a medium M, which is located in a container 3, and is excited to mechanical oscillations by means of the excitation / receiving unit 5, which in turn can be, for example, a piezoelectric stack or bimorph drive.
  • Other vibronic sensors have, for example
  • electromagnetic drive / receiving units 5 It is possible to use a single drive / receiving unit 5, which is used to excite the mechanical vibrations and to detect them. However, it is also conceivable to implement a drive unit and a receiving unit. Also shown in Fig. 1 is an electronics unit 6, by means of which the
  • FIG. 1 b a Coriolis measuring device 1 according to the prior art is shown, which has two measuring tubes 7a, 7b, a housing module 8 with a carrier 9 and a casing 10, and an inlet-side 11a and outlet-side process connection 11a .
  • Other configurations of generic field devices have different numbers of
  • Measuring tubes 7 By means of the two process connections 11a, 11b, the field device 1 can be integrated into an existing pipeline, which is not shown here for the sake of simplicity.
  • the carrier 4 is designed in the form of a laterally at least partially open, in particular tubular, support cylinder and is connected to the two measuring tubes 7a, 7b.
  • the measuring tubes 7a, 7b are also surrounded by the casing 10.
  • a neck tube is also attached to the carrier 9 for connecting an electronic unit 6, which is used, for example, for signal acquisition, evaluation and supply.
  • an inlet-side and an outlet-side (not visible) distributor piece are integrated, which
  • Distributor pieces are mechanically connected to the carrier 9 and to the two measuring tubes 7a, 7b, and which distribute the flowing medium M from the pipeline (not visible) to the two measuring tubes 7a, 7b.
  • the two measuring tubes 7a, 7b are further by means of several
  • Coupling elements (10; only one is marked here) mechanically coupled to one another.
  • Each of the two measuring tubes 9a, 9b performs mechanical vibrations during operation. Furthermore, at least one electromechanical, especially electrodynamic, exciter arrangement (not visible here) acting on at least one measuring tube 9a, 9b for generating and / or maintaining mechanical vibrations of the measuring tube 1 1a, 1 1 b is shown, as well as at least one for vibrations of the measuring tubes 1 1a, 1 1b reacting vibration sensor arrangement (also not visible) for generating at least one vibration measurement signal representing the vibrations of the measuring tubes.
  • Gas bubbles in a liquid medium have a great influence on the viscoelastic properties of the liquid. As a result, gas bubbles also have a great influence on that which characterizes the mechanical vibrations of the vibratable unit 4
  • Received signal X as illustrated in Fig. 2 for the case of a vibronic sensor.
  • the frequency change Af / fi is shown as a function of the frequency f for oscillations of the oscillatable unit 4, for example in the fundamental oscillation mode.
  • the fundamental mode depends on the density p of the liquid M.
  • the frequency change Af / fi , Vac for example:
  • fi Vac is the resonance frequency of the oscillatable unit 4 in the fundamental oscillation mode in a vacuum or in air
  • S is the sensitivity of the oscillatable unit 4 that is dependent on the geometry of the oscillatable unit 4.
  • the same oscillatable unit 4 now dips twice into the same medium M, gas bubbles being present in the medium M in a first case (squares) and in the second case no gas bubbles being present (triangles).
  • the medium M is water. While the frequency change is the same for both cases for frequencies f ⁇ f P , there are significant deviations for frequencies f> f P.
  • the change in frequency for the case of the presence of gas bubbles is significantly greater than the change in frequency for the same medium M without gas bubbles.
  • the frequency f P describes a critical limit frequency, from which the vibration behavior of the vibratable unit 4 is influenced by the presence of the gas bubbles. If the sensor is operated at frequencies f> f P , in particular at frequencies which are in the range of the natural frequency of the gas bubbles occurring, the vibration energy of the sensor 1 is absorbed by the gas bubbles and resonance vibration of the vibratable unit 4 is no longer possible.
  • the natural frequency f G of gas bubbles can be calculated, for example, according to the following equation:
  • a is the radius of the gas bubbles
  • g is the polytropic coefficient
  • p A is the process pressure
  • p is the density of the liquid.
  • Resonance oscillation of the oscillatable unit is very weak or no longer possible.
  • the maximum gas bubble size in water depends on the Archimedean force that drives the bubbles out of the liquid and on the adhesion of the gas bubbles to the surface of the sensor unit 2, in particular the oscillatable unit 4.
  • the presence of gas bubbles is particularly critical.
  • a variance of the oscillation frequency f due to gas bubbles of 1-2%, there is already a gas bubble-induced measurement error of approx. 10%.
  • such an order of magnitude for the measurement error is not acceptable in the area of density determination in process measurement technology.
  • the method according to the invention now allows the reliable detection of gas bubbles in liquid media.
  • the vibratable unit 4, 7 is excited by means of two different excitation signals 11 and I2 in two different vibration modes S1 and S2.
  • a characteristic variable is then determined for each of the two received signals X1 and X2 and a statement is made about the presence of gas bubbles on the basis of the ratio V of the characteristic variables.
  • FIGS. 3 and 4 Two possible exemplary configurations for the method according to the invention are illustrated in FIGS. 3 and 4.
  • the characteristic size of the received signals X1 and X2 is given by the frequency f1 and f2, respectively.
  • the first oscillation mode S1 is therefore the fundamental oscillation mode with the frequency f1 and the second oscillation mode S2 is the first higher oscillation mode with the frequency f2.
  • the oscillatable unit 4, 7 is designed such that the
  • Fundamental oscillation mode is at a natural frequency fi, V ac ⁇ 1.5 kHz and the first is higher
  • the course of the second frequency f2 of the second received signal X2 is also shown as a function of time t in FIG. 3b.
  • the gas bubbles temporarily lead to a break in or to a strong damping of the vibrations in the second vibration mode.
  • the mere presence of the second oscillation mode as a criterion for the presence of gas bubbles is not reliable.
  • the oscillatable unit 4, 7 can indeed be excited in the second oscillation mode S2; however, there is one more at the same time
  • characteristic quantity the amplitude A used is transmitted This case is shown as an example in FIG. 4 for the same application of a sensor 1 immersed in fresh fresh water.
  • FIG. 4a shows the first amplitude Ai of the first received signal X1 as a function of time t.
  • the second amplitude A 2 (FIG. 4b) temporarily collapses or is greatly attenuated. Gas bubbles in the medium M can only be reliably detected on the basis of the ratio V of the first Ai and the second amplitude A 2 , as illustrated in FIG. 4c.
  • Ratio V decreases and converges to a constant value.
  • the amplitudes of the first and second excitation signals 11 and I2 are each kept constant.
  • the amplitudes Ai and A 2 of the two received signals X1 and X2 constant.
  • an evaluation of the ratio V of the amplitudes of the two excitation signals 11 and I2 is advisable.
  • the use of a normalized amplitude is advantageously independent of the amplitude of the excitation signals 11 and I2 used in each case.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Measuring Volume Flow (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé, mis en œuvre par ordinateur, permettant de détecter des bulles de gaz dans un milieu liquide (M) avec un capteur (1) ayant une unité (4) apte à osciller mécaniquement. Ledit procédé comprend les étapes suivantes : - l'excitation de l'unité (4) apte à osciller avec un premier signal d'excitation (I1) pour générer des oscillations mécaniques de l'unité (4) apte à osciller selon un premier mode d'oscillation prédéfinissable (S1) de l'unité (4) apte à osciller, et la réception des oscillations mécaniques de l'unité (4) apte à osciller mécaniquement sous forme d'un premier signal de réception (X1), - l'excitation de l'unité (4) apte à osciller avec un second signal d'excitation (I2) pour générer des oscillations mécaniques de l'unité (4) apte à osciller selon un second mode d'oscillation prédéfinissable (S2) de l'unité (4) apte à osciller, et la réception des oscillations mécaniques de l'unité (4) apte à osciller mécaniquement sous forme d'un second signal de réception (X2), - la détermination d'une première et d'une seconde grandeur caractéristique (f, A) du premier (X1) et du second signal de réception (X2), - la détermination d'un rapport (V) de la première (f1, A1) et de la seconde grandeur caractéristique (f2, A2), et - la génération d'une information sur la présence de bulles de gaz à l'aide du rapport (V) de la première (f1, A1) et de la seconde grandeur caractéristique (f1, A1).
PCT/EP2020/061181 2019-05-27 2020-04-22 Multi-capteur vibronique Ceased WO2020239329A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019114174.5 2019-05-27
DE102019114174.5A DE102019114174A1 (de) 2019-05-27 2019-05-27 Vibronischer Multisensor

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WO2020239329A1 true WO2020239329A1 (fr) 2020-12-03

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DE102021122534A1 (de) 2021-08-31 2023-03-02 Endress+Hauser SE+Co. KG Vibronischer Multisensor

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