WO2020239716A1 - Verfahren zur verwertung von polyurethan material abfall zur herstellung von chemikalischen rohstoffen für die herstellung von isocyanaten und polyurethanen - Google Patents
Verfahren zur verwertung von polyurethan material abfall zur herstellung von chemikalischen rohstoffen für die herstellung von isocyanaten und polyurethanen Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/48—Polyethers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C263/00—Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid
- C07C263/10—Preparation of derivatives of isocyanic acid by reaction of amines with carbonyl halides, e.g. with phosgene
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B32/00—Carbon; Compounds thereof
- C01B32/50—Carbon dioxide
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/4009—Two or more macromolecular compounds not provided for in one single group of groups C08G18/42 - C08G18/64
- C08G18/4018—Mixtures of compounds of group C08G18/42 with compounds of group C08G18/48
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/28—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the compounds used containing active hydrogen
- C08G18/40—High-molecular-weight compounds
- C08G18/42—Polycondensates having carboxylic or carbonic ester groups in the main chain
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G18/00—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates
- C08G18/06—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen
- C08G18/70—Polymeric products of isocyanates or isothiocyanates with compounds having active hydrogen characterised by the isocyanates or isothiocyanates used
- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G65/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G65/02—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming an ether link in the main chain of the macromolecule from cyclic ethers by opening of the heterocyclic ring
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J11/00—Recovery or working-up of waste materials
- C08J11/04—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers
- C08J11/10—Recovery or working-up of waste materials of polymers by chemically breaking down the molecular chains of polymers or breaking of crosslinks, e.g. devulcanisation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
- C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
- C10B53/07—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of solid raw materials consisting of synthetic polymeric materials, e.g. tyres
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/02—Hydrogen or oxygen
- C25B1/04—Hydrogen or oxygen by electrolysis of water
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B1/00—Electrolytic production of inorganic compounds or non-metals
- C25B1/01—Products
- C25B1/23—Carbon monoxide or syngas
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF COMPOUNDS OR NON-METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25B9/00—Cells or assemblies of cells; Constructional parts of cells; Assemblies of constructional parts, e.g. electrode-diaphragm assemblies; Process-related cell features
- C25B9/17—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof
- C25B9/19—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms
- C25B9/23—Cells comprising dimensionally-stable non-movable electrodes; Assemblies of constructional parts thereof with diaphragms comprising ion-exchange membranes in or on which electrode material is embedded
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/141—Feedstock
- Y02P20/143—Feedstock the feedstock being recycled material, e.g. plastics
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for recycling polyurethane material waste for the production of chemical raw materials for the production of isocyanates and then polyurethanes, in which, starting from polyurethane material, waste is generated by pyrolysis, carbon dioxide and hydrocarbons and optionally carbon monoxide and hydrogen, the carbon dioxide is converted to carbon monoxide and possibly hydrogen by electrolysis, carbon monoxide obtained is converted to isocyanate via phosgene and the isocyanate can be further processed to form new polyurethane material.
- the invention relates in particular to a process for the low-emission production of isocyanates and polyols using the electrochemical conversion of carbon dioxide to carbon monoxide and possibly hydrogen and the production of oxygen and the use of oxygen for burning polyurethane-containing materials to obtain carbon dioxide and possibly burning pyrolysis residues Materials made from polyurethane and the use of the carbon dioxide obtained as a raw material for the electrochemical reduction of CO 2 .
- the carbon monoxide produced is used to produce isocyanates and, if necessary, to produce methanol as a precursor for polyalkylene oxides
- the carbon monoxide obtained and any CO 2 generated is then optionally further converted with hydrogen to form methanol and this is further converted to propene as the main component by the methanol to olefin (MTO) process or, in particular, methanol to propene (MTP) process.
- MTO methanol to olefin
- MTP methanol to propene
- the propene is converted into propylene oxide and this is then converted into polyethers.
- Another part of the carbon monoxide is reacted with chlorine to form phosgene and this with amines to form isocyanates.
- Polyurethane materials can again be made from the isocyanates and polyethers. A large part of the value chain is thus closed.
- Polyurethanes hereinafter also referred to as PU, are plastics that result from the polyaddition reaction of dialcohols or polyols with polyisocyanates. Diols and diisocyanates lead to linear polyurethanes; crosslinked polyurethanes can be produced by reacting triisocyanate-diisocyanate mixtures with triol-diol mixtures.
- the properties of PU can be varied within a wide range. Depending on the degree of crosslinking and / or the isocyanate or OH component used, thermosets, thermoplastics or elastomers are obtained.
- polyurethanes are also used as molding compounds for compression molding, as casting resins (isocyanate resins), as (textile) elastic fibers, polyurethane varnishes and as polyurethane adhesives. It is also very easy to produce foams from polyurethane.
- Soft PU foams are used for a wide variety of purposes, especially as a cushioning material, e.g. B. for furniture and car seats, as mattress foam, as a carpet backing material, for textile lamination, as a cleaning sponge or as a filter material.
- PU rigid foams are mainly used for thermal insulation, e.g. B. in buildings, cooling devices, heat and cold storage and some pipe systems (plastic jacket composite pipe, flexible composite pipe) used.
- glycolysis in which the urethane group is converted with glycol to form carbamate and a polyol.
- the urethane group can be reacted with an amine to form urea and a polyol.
- the object of the present invention was to find a sustainable alternative process for isocyanate production and ultimately also for polyurethane production, including recycling processes and closing the value-added chains. So far, essential components for polyurethane production such as carbon monoxide, hydrogen and propene or also ethene or their oxides for the production of polyols from fossil fuels have been produced. Conventionally, carbon monoxide and hydrogen are obtained from natural gas or from coal using reforming processes, and propene and ethene from petroleum fractions.
- One object of the invention is therefore to reduce the material use of fossil raw materials and possibly also the energetic use of fossil raw materials for isocyanate production. This is intended to further improve the carbon dioxide balance (carbon footprint) of PU production.
- the invention relates to a process for the recovery of waste containing polyurethane material for the production of chemical raw materials for the production of isocyanates and polyurethanes by a) pyrolysis of the polyurethane material at elevated temperature, optionally in the presence of a catalyst, to obtain carbon dioxide, optionally carbon monoxide , optionally hydrogen, a mixture of aliphatic and aromatic low molecular weight hydrocarbons and nitrogenous hydrocarbons and a residue of higher molecular weight hydrocarbons, b) optionally refining the mixture of low molecular weight hydrocarbons obtained in step a) to obtain a mixture of gaseous and liquid hydrocarbons and a mixture of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and other gaseous low molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds, and separation of the obtained
- step a) Incineration of the residue obtained in step a) and optionally of further polyurethane material waste with oxygen-containing gas, in particular with pure oxygen, to obtain carbon dioxide-containing gas
- step d) purification of secondary constituents from the carbon dioxide obtained from step c) and optionally from step a) , in particular nitrogen oxides, sulfur compounds, dust, water,
- Oxygen and HCl optionally by means of adsorption, membrane processes or gas scrubbing, or catalytic treatment, with obtaining a purified carbon dioxide, e) electrolysis of the purified carbon dioxide obtained in step d), in particular electrochemical conversion of the carbon dioxide on a gas diffusion electrode, with obtaining a mixture of at least carbon monoxide, unreacted carbon dioxide and optionally hydrogen, f) separating the unreacted carbon dioxide from the mixture obtained in step e) to obtain a mixture of at least carbon monoxide and optionally hydrogen and recycling the unreacted carbon dioxide into the electrolysis, g) optionally separating the optionally obtained hydrogen from the mixture of carbon monoxide and optionally hydrogen obtained in step f), h) reaction of the carbon monoxide obtained from step g) or f) with chlorine to form phosgene in a process for the production of isocyanate, i) optionally The reaction of the isocyanate obtained from step h) with polyether and optionally additionally with polyester to give a finished poly
- the oxygen for the combustion in step c) is preferably obtained from a water electrolysis.
- the CCE emissions are further reduced in the overall process.
- the hydrogen formed in the electrolysis of water is used optionally in the optional refining and / or in a hydrogenation of nitroaromatics, it being possible to use the amines obtained in the hydrogenation of nitroaromatics in the isocyanate production.
- the hydrogen that has been separated off, optionally obtained in step g) of the new process, is preferred used in the hydrogenation of nitroaromatics. This makes amines available as precursors of isocyanate.
- the material cycle is further closed in that the polyurethane material is recycled after its use to form polyurethane waste material and the isolated polyurethane waste is used as feed material in step a) of the overall process.
- gaseous low molecular weight hydrocarbon compounds are understood here in the refining after step b), in particular optionally nitrogen-containing C 1 to C 4 hydrocarbons.
- PU material When recycling PU material after the end of its useful life, conventional separation processes are used to separate composite materials in waste.
- the PU material is either automated or roughly separated by hand, then mechanically shredded and further separated if necessary.
- the PU material obtained is used as a raw material for combustion or pyrolysis.
- the PU material is converted, for example, with pure oxygen O2, which is developed at the anode as a by-product of the CCE electrolysis or the optional water electrolysis.
- the heat of reaction resulting from the combustion in step c) can be used to produce steam and / or electric current.
- the heat can be used to operate the pyrolysis in step a) and the electrical current generated in the electrolysis in step e). This further improves the efficiency of the new overall process.
- the CO2 resulting from the combustion in step c) is obtained in a highly concentrated form and is sent to a cleaning process in step d) before further use.
- the by-products of the combustion e.g. Sulfur compounds such as SO2, nitrogen compounds such as NOx and residual organic substances as well as dust and other compounds that have arisen from the components present in the PU material are separated.
- the combustion of the PU material with pure oxygen according to step c) can take place, for example, according to the process known as the oxyfuel process in an atmosphere of pure oxygen and CO2 (recirculating flue gas).
- the resulting flue gas is not diluted with the nitrogen contained in the air and essentially consists of CO2 and water vapor.
- the water vapor can be condensed with little effort, so that a highly concentrated C0 2 stream (concentration in the ideal case close to 100 percent) is created.
- the CO2 can then be cleaned and further processed, if necessary also compressed and stored.
- some of the energy that is obtained during the pyrolysis in step a) or during the combustion in step c) of the polyurethane material can be converted into steam or electricity.
- the electricity obtained can be used to operate the electrolysis in step e), which results in an even more efficient process with low consumption of electrical energy.
- the cleaning of the CO2 from combustion gases can be carried out according to methods known in principle from the prior art. This is described in the following as an example.
- the structure of a combustion gas cleaning system is divided into different stages.
- a particular task of cleaning is to provide a CO2 without disruptive secondary components for the subsequent, preferred electrochemical reduction of CO2 on a gas diffusion electrode, which is described below.
- dust is removed from the combustion gas.
- Any acidic gas present such as hydrogen chloride, which is formed from chlorine compounds present in the waste, can then be removed.
- Exhaust gas washing towers are used.
- the combustion gas is also cooled here and freed from further dusts and possibly heavy metals.
- sulfur dioxide gas formed is also separated off in a scrubbing cycle and e.g. converted to gypsum with hydrated lime.
- the removal of nitrogen compounds from the combustion gases can e.g.
- the nitrogen oxides can be converted back to nitrogen and water on catalyst-containing zeolites or by adding urea or ammonia.
- the catalysts are usually operated at a temperature of over 320 ° C (described as an example at: https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rauchgasgenesis).
- the ⁇ compounds can also be removed by washing with nitric acid or washing with catalysts.
- the CO2 can be dried and further purified using customary known methods. Drying e.g. treatment with conc. Sulfuric acid.
- activated carbon filters are used to remove residual organics and metal residues from the combustion gas using activated carbon.
- activated carbon in the form of dust can be metered into the combustion gas flow or flue gas flow and then deposited again on the fabric filter together with the accumulated pollutants.
- the used coal is discharged and fed to the energetic recovery (basically described in: https://www.ava-augsburg.de/umwelt/rauchgasgraphy/).
- a CO 2 is available which can be used as a raw material in step e).
- the CO 2 can also be separated off by means of amine scrubbing from gas streams with a lower concentration of CO 2 .
- the PU material recycled and comminuted as described above can be fed to the pyrolysis in step a), it being possible for the pyrolysis to be carried out optionally with or without a catalyst.
- the fractions resulting from pyrolysis are gaseous, liquid and solid, with the solid phase mostly consisting mainly of pyrolytic carbon.
- the liquid long-chain carbon compounds containing aromatics such as toluene, benzene, xylene are preferably fed to a refining process in step c).
- the compounds can be separated or further reacted in refining processes, if necessary with hydrogen, preferably hydrogen from water electrolysis, so that propene and ethene (as precursors for polyols, polyethers) can also be obtained as a result.
- the long-chain, liquid hydrocarbon compounds can be separated off and processed further.
- the aromatic compounds such as benzene or aniline or, if they occur, isocyanates, could also be reused as raw materials in the corresponding syntheses.
- the pyrolysis in step a) can optionally be operated in particular in such a way that larger amounts of carbon monoxide and possibly hydrogen are generated.
- These gases, together with the short-chain hydrocarbon compounds, can e.g. separated in the refining or separated separately and then fed to a carbon monoxide-hydrogen separation (7) and used.
- the solid substances obtained during the pyrolysis in step a) mostly consist of carbon. This solid phase can be reacted with pure oxygen from the C0 2 electrolysis or from the preferred water electrolysis. This also creates a highly concentrated stream of CO 2 , which is fed to a cleaning process.
- CO 2 is a possibility for the production of high-purity CO 2
- alkali for example potassium hydroxide.
- Heat generated from pyrolysis or combustion can be used here.
- the purified CO 2 is preferably fed to the cathode compartment of a CO 2 electrolysis according to step e).
- the C0 2 electrolysis can be, for example, a high-temperature electrolysis, which is operated at a temperature of more than 600 ° C., possibly with the addition of water for the production of synthesis gas.
- High-temperature electrolysis are basically known and available on the market, for example from Haldor Topsoe, eC ⁇ S TM (https://www.topsoe.com/processes/carbon-monoxide/site-carbon- monoxide).
- oxygen is also produced at the anode.
- the disadvantage of the known high-temperature electrolysis is its poor scale-up capability, so that low-temperature electrolysis is currently still to be preferred for larger CO quantities, for example more than 1 t / h CO.
- the electrolysis takes place at a temperature below 150 ° C.
- the cleaned CO2 gas is fed into the cathode compartment.
- CO2 is converted into carbon monoxide and possibly hydrogen, especially on a gas diffusion electrode.
- O2 or, alternatively, chlorine can also be generated at the anode.
- an MEA membrane electrode assembly
- a catalyst is applied to the membrane.
- a gas diffusion layer in front of it regulates the gas and liquid transport. This can be done on both the anode and the cathode side. It is also possible to bring a gas diffusion electrode into direct contact with the membrane.
- chlorine is generated at the anode, this chlorine can be used as a further raw material for phosgene synthesis and thus for isocyanate production.
- a gas diffusion electrode installed in the cathode compartment.
- this can be done in a zero-gap or in a finite-gap arrangement (COV patent application COV 101 186).
- An excess of CO2 can be fed to the cathode space in which the gas diffusion electrode is operated. Excess means introducing more CO2 than would be necessary for the stoichiometric conversion due to the flowing electrical current.
- a gas mixture consisting of unconverted CO2, CO and H2 thus escapes from the cathode compartment.
- the entire gas mixture can, for example, be fed directly to a methanol synthesis (stream 23).
- the conversion of the CO2 to methanol takes place with possibly additionally supplied hydrogen as well as the conversion of CO with H2 to methanol.
- the additionally required hydrogen is possibly obtained from a water electrolysis described above.
- the mixture (6b) obtained in step f) is composed of carbon monoxide and optionally Hydrogen fed to a methanol synthesis (11).
- the methanol 11a is then also a precursor of the polyether production.
- step f If carbon monoxide is to be separated from the gas mixture that is taken from the cathode compartment during CCh electrolysis, the excess unconverted CO2 is first removed in step f) by a gas separation (6), e.g. removed by amine scrubbing and the residual gas from CO and H2 fed to a gas separation unit (7) in step g).
- the CO obtained in step g) is then fed to isocyanate production (10), in which it is mixed with chlorine, e.g. from an HCl recycling process (9) to form phosgene and the phosgene is reacted with amines (8a) (in particular with diamines) to form isocyanate (in particular to diisocyanates) in the isocyanate production (10).
- the hydrogen obtained from the water electrolysis 3 or the gas separation (7) in step g) can either be fed to the hydrogenation of the nitroaromatics to the amines (8a) and thus to the production of the isocyanates (10) or the methanol production (11).
- An embodiment of the new process is therefore preferred in which at least partial flows of the carbon monoxide (22) and / or of the hydrogen (21) from the gas separation (7) are fed to a methanol synthesis (11).
- the methanol 11a formed in the methanol synthesis preferably used is a methanol to olefin (MTO) process (12) and the alkenes obtained therefrom are then used in a process (13) or (14) for the production of alkylene oxides , in particular of propylene oxide (13 a) and / or of ethylene oxide (14 a).
- MTO methanol to olefin
- the propylene oxide (13 a) and / or the ethylene oxide (14 a) from the propylene oxide production (13) or from the ethylene oxide production (14) of a polyether production (15 ) and the polyether (15 a) obtained therefrom is used in the production process (16) for the production of new polyurethane material.
- the gas mixture (19b) of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and gaseous hydrocarbons optionally obtained during the refining in step b) is also fed to the combustion (2) in step c) in a preferred variant of the new process.
- the gas mixture (19b) of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and gaseous hydrocarbons optionally obtained in the refining in step b) is used in a preferred further Variant of the new method in a gas separation (30) into the components: carbon dioxide (2b), carbon monoxide (7c) and hydrocarbons (30a) separated and the separated components (2b; 7c; 30a) are used individually; in particular, the separated carbon dioxide (2b) is fed to the cleaning system (4) in step d).
- the carbon monoxide (7c) obtained from the aforementioned optional gas separation 30 is used in a particularly preferred embodiment of the isocyanate production (10), e.g. for amine production as described above, fed.
- the new method can also preferably be operated in such a way that part of the polyurethane material is fed directly to the incineration (2) in step c) instead of the pyrolysis 1 in step a).
- An embodiment of the new process is also preferred in which at least part of the mixture (23) obtained in step e) from the electrolysis (5) of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide and optionally hydrogen is fed directly to the methanol synthesis (11) described above.
- Oxygen which is formed in the reaction by electrolysis (5) of carbon dioxide (4a) in step e), is at least partially fed to the combustion (2) in step c) in a preferred variant of the new process.
- the overall material balance is further improved by, in a preferred new process, part of the carbon dioxide (6a) obtained in the separation (6) in step f) optionally in the input stream (4a) of the electrolysis (5) in step e) and / or the optional methanol synthesis (11) is fed.
- the hydrogen chloride (HCl) produced during isocyanate production can be fed to the low-temperature CO2 electrolysis (5) (not shown in FIG. 1) or to another HCl recycling unit (9) such as an HCl diaphragm or HCl electrolysis with a gas diffusion electrode or a catalytic gas phase oxidation.
- the required O2 can be obtained from the low or high temperature C0 2 electrolysis (5) and / or the water electrolysis (3) (not shown in FIG. 1).
- the methanol produced in the preferred embodiments of the new process is converted into propene or ethene, for example, by the MTO (methanol to olefin) process (12), which is known in principle.
- the by-products formed in the process can be fed into the optional refining (19) in step b) and are thus accessible for further useful use.
- Propylene oxide (13a) and ethylene oxide (14a) can be produced from the propylene oxide (13a) and ethylene oxide (14a) from which, for example, the polyethers (15a) can be produced from the propene and ethene of the MTO process (12).
- the PU materials (16a) required on the market can then be produced with the isocyanates and the polyethers and, if necessary, additionally with polyesters.
- the polyurethanes are used in various applications (17).
- the materials are recycled (18) and the PU materials are separated here. The separated material is then returned to pyrolysis (1) and / or incineration (2).
- Fig. 1 A schematic overview of the overall process including PU production, use and recycling
- Example 1 Pyrolysis with a catalyst, incineration of the gaseous fraction like. Fig.l
- a PU material with an elemental composition of carbon 66.5% by weight, hydrogen 6.6% by weight, nitrogen 7.2% by weight and oxygen 18.8% by weight was used, and 1 in a catalytic pyrolysis treated.
- the PU material was previously cut into small pieces in a cutting mill, then the material was hot-pressed and shredded again so that all the particles had a diameter of less than 4 mm.
- This material 18a was mixed with a zeolite-based catalyst HZSM-5 weight ratio 1: 1 and fed to a fluidized bed.
- the HZSM-5 catalyst was already in the fluidized bed.
- the fluidized bed was operated at 600 ° C.
- t / a PU material from the recycling of PU insulation material from refrigerators is used.
- 1516 t / a are fed to pyrolysis 1 and 1,322 t / a to incineration 2.
- 3081 t / a O2 5a are taken from the anode compartment of the electrolysis and fed to the combustion 2 of the PU material 18a or of the residue 1b.
- the electrolysis 5 is expediently operated in accordance with the European patent application application number 18195279.7, example 1. 160 elements with an electrode area of 2.5 m 2 each (CO2 GDE) are required, which are connected together to form an electrolyzer. The operating time is 8500 hours per year. The electrolysis is operated at a cell voltage of 3.17 V with a current yield with respect to CO of 68%. 32,722 MWh of renewable energy, especially wind power, are used.
- the gaseous compounds 19b from pyrolysis 1 are fed to combustion 2.
- the solid compounds 1b from pyrolysis 1 are also fed to a combustion 2.
- a partial flow of the gas mixture 23a from the electrolysis 5 consisting of CO2, CO and H2 is fed to the methanol synthesis after drying and the hydrogen 3b required for the conversion is also obtained from the water electrolysis 3.
- the methanol 11a is then converted to propylene 12a and the by-product ethylene 12b by means of the MTO process, which are further converted in stages 13 and 14 to propylene oxide 13a and ethylene oxide 14a. Any missing amounts of propylene / ethylene are supplied from other manufacturing processes.
- the polyols 15a required for the PU material production are produced from the alkyl oxides.
- New PU material is produced 16a from the isocyanates 10a and the polyols 14a. After it has been used as used PU material 17a, it can be fed to recycling 18 for the production of PU raw material 8a for incineration 1 / pyrolysis 2, thereby closing the value chain.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Separation, Recovery Or Treatment Of Waste Materials Containing Plastics (AREA)
- Polyurethanes Or Polyureas (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (5)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202080039509.0A CN113853398B (zh) | 2019-05-27 | 2020-05-26 | 利用聚氨酯材料废料以生产用于生产异氰酸酯和聚氨酯的化学原料的方法 |
| US17/614,626 US12275689B2 (en) | 2019-05-27 | 2020-05-26 | Method for the recycling of polyurethane material waste for producing chemical feedstock for the production of isocyanates and polyurethanes |
| JP2021570232A JP7811476B2 (ja) | 2019-05-27 | 2020-05-26 | イソシアネートおよびポリウレタンの製造用の化学原料を製造するためのポリウレタン材料廃棄物のリサイクル方法 |
| KR1020217038753A KR102878039B1 (ko) | 2019-05-27 | 2020-05-26 | 이소시아네이트 및 폴리우레탄의 생성을 위한 화학 공급원료를 생성하기 위한, 폴리우레탄 재료 폐기물을 재순환시키는 방법 |
| SA521430945A SA521430945B1 (ar) | 2019-05-27 | 2021-11-25 | إعادة تدوير نفايات مادة البولي يوريثان والتي توفر خام تغذية لإنتاج البولي يوريثان |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19176668.2A EP3744812B1 (de) | 2019-05-27 | 2019-05-27 | Verfahren zur verwertung von polyurethan material abfall zur herstellung von chemikalischen rohstoffen für die herstellung von isocyanaten und polyurethanen |
| EP19176668.2 | 2019-05-27 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2020239716A1 true WO2020239716A1 (de) | 2020-12-03 |
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Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2020/064486 Ceased WO2020239716A1 (de) | 2019-05-27 | 2020-05-26 | Verfahren zur verwertung von polyurethan material abfall zur herstellung von chemikalischen rohstoffen für die herstellung von isocyanaten und polyurethanen |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US12275689B2 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP3744812B1 (de) |
| JP (1) | JP7811476B2 (de) |
| KR (1) | KR102878039B1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN113853398B (de) |
| ES (1) | ES2909402T3 (de) |
| HU (1) | HUE057982T2 (de) |
| PT (1) | PT3744812T (de) |
| SA (1) | SA521430945B1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2020239716A1 (de) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP4227382A1 (de) | 2022-02-14 | 2023-08-16 | Wiederkehr Engineering Gmb | Verfahren und anlage zur erzeugung von elektrischer energie und wasserstoff aus resh |
| CN117751210A (zh) * | 2021-07-21 | 2024-03-22 | 千代田化工建设株式会社 | 二氧化碳回收系统 |
| DE102022004678A1 (de) | 2022-12-13 | 2024-06-13 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Verfahren zur Elektrolyse von Kohlendioxid mit Vorreduktion einer Silberoxid-enthaltenden Gasdiffusionselektrode |
| WO2024126607A1 (en) | 2022-12-14 | 2024-06-20 | Basf Se | Process for preparing at least one polyisocyanate from co2 |
| EP4403589A1 (de) | 2023-01-19 | 2024-07-24 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von mindestens einem polyisocyanat aus festem material w |
| EP4442859A1 (de) * | 2023-04-06 | 2024-10-09 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Nachhaltige herstellung von hexamethylendiisocyanat für die produktion von polyurethan |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US12320022B2 (en) | 2018-01-22 | 2025-06-03 | Twelve Benefit Corporation | System and method for carbon dioxide reactor control |
| DE102021100483A1 (de) | 2021-01-13 | 2022-07-14 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Polyurethane Recycling |
| EP4098677A1 (de) * | 2021-06-02 | 2022-12-07 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Pyrolyse von material mit polyurethan-verbindung zur wiedergewinnung von rohstoffen |
| EP4137525A1 (de) * | 2021-08-20 | 2023-02-22 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Pyrolyse von polymerer polyurethan-verbindung zur wiedergewinnung von rohstoffen |
| JP2024546680A (ja) | 2021-12-08 | 2024-12-26 | トゥエルブ ベネフィット コーポレーション | エチレン生成のためのシステム及び方法 |
| CN116444366B (zh) * | 2022-01-05 | 2025-12-12 | 北京大学 | 一种聚酯和co2共同催化转化方法 |
| EP4234491A1 (de) * | 2022-02-24 | 2023-08-30 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Verfahren zur gasifikation polymerer wertstoffmaterialien für die emissionsarme bereitstellung von für die herstellung von phosgen nutzbarem kohlenmonoxid |
| FI131195B1 (en) * | 2022-08-25 | 2024-11-29 | Aliceco Energy Ab Oy | Apparatus and process for the production of gas with a high content of CO2 |
| EP4345094A1 (de) * | 2022-09-30 | 2024-04-03 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Verfahren zur phosgen-herstellung mit rückführung von kohlendioxid aus wertstoffrecycling |
| EP4379021A1 (de) * | 2022-11-30 | 2024-06-05 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Pyrolyse von abfällen, faserverstärkten polyurethan-poly(meth)acrylat-verbundwerkstoffen zur rückgewinnung von recyclaten |
| WO2024258484A1 (en) * | 2023-06-16 | 2024-12-19 | Twelve Benefit Corporation | System and method for carbon dioxide reactor control |
| WO2025109158A1 (en) * | 2023-11-23 | 2025-05-30 | Basf Se | Process for the chemical recycling of plastic waste containing polyethylene or polypropylene |
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| US20180194632A1 (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2018-07-12 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | A process for safe production of phosgene |
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| JP4601223B2 (ja) * | 2001-09-13 | 2010-12-22 | 東洋ゴム工業株式会社 | ポリウレタンの分解方法 |
| DE102005032663A1 (de) * | 2005-07-13 | 2007-01-18 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Isocyanaten |
| CN101381475B (zh) * | 2008-10-24 | 2011-04-27 | 刘景洋 | 一种聚氨酯硬泡脱氯脱氟处理方法 |
| HUE030997T2 (en) * | 2008-11-26 | 2017-06-28 | Huntsman Int Llc | Process for the preparation of isocyanates |
| WO2014097142A1 (de) * | 2012-12-21 | 2014-06-26 | Basf Se | Parallele herstellung von wasserstoff, kohlenstoffmonoxid und einem kohlenstoffhaltigen produkt |
| US9428695B2 (en) * | 2013-02-12 | 2016-08-30 | Saudi Basic Industries Corporation | Conversion of plastics to olefin and aromatic products with product recycle |
| CA2950294C (en) * | 2014-05-29 | 2022-07-19 | Liquid Light, Inc. | Method and system for electrochemical reduction of carbon dioxide employing a gas diffusion electrode |
| CN106279760A (zh) * | 2016-08-12 | 2017-01-04 | 成都威迪斯达科技有限公司 | 一种废旧聚氨酯的回收处理工艺 |
| EP3626861A1 (de) | 2018-09-18 | 2020-03-25 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Elektrolysezelle, elektrolyseur und verfahren zur reduktion von co2 |
-
2019
- 2019-05-27 HU HUE19176668A patent/HUE057982T2/hu unknown
- 2019-05-27 PT PT191766682T patent/PT3744812T/pt unknown
- 2019-05-27 ES ES19176668T patent/ES2909402T3/es active Active
- 2019-05-27 EP EP19176668.2A patent/EP3744812B1/de active Active
-
2020
- 2020-05-26 CN CN202080039509.0A patent/CN113853398B/zh active Active
- 2020-05-26 JP JP2021570232A patent/JP7811476B2/ja active Active
- 2020-05-26 WO PCT/EP2020/064486 patent/WO2020239716A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2020-05-26 US US17/614,626 patent/US12275689B2/en active Active
- 2020-05-26 KR KR1020217038753A patent/KR102878039B1/ko active Active
-
2021
- 2021-11-25 SA SA521430945A patent/SA521430945B1/ar unknown
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| US4243560A (en) * | 1978-04-07 | 1981-01-06 | Centro Ricerche Fiat S.P.A. | Method of recovering polyols from scrap polyurethane foam |
| US20070276154A1 (en) * | 2006-05-23 | 2007-11-29 | Bayer Material Science Ag | Processes for the production of organic isocyanates |
| US20180194632A1 (en) * | 2014-06-11 | 2018-07-12 | Haldor Topsøe A/S | A process for safe production of phosgene |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN117751210A (zh) * | 2021-07-21 | 2024-03-22 | 千代田化工建设株式会社 | 二氧化碳回收系统 |
| EP4227382A1 (de) | 2022-02-14 | 2023-08-16 | Wiederkehr Engineering Gmb | Verfahren und anlage zur erzeugung von elektrischer energie und wasserstoff aus resh |
| DE102022004678A1 (de) | 2022-12-13 | 2024-06-13 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Verfahren zur Elektrolyse von Kohlendioxid mit Vorreduktion einer Silberoxid-enthaltenden Gasdiffusionselektrode |
| WO2024126377A1 (de) | 2022-12-13 | 2024-06-20 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Verfahren zur elektrolyse von kohlendioxid mit vorreduktion einer silberoxid-enthaltenden gasdiffusionselektrode |
| WO2024126607A1 (en) | 2022-12-14 | 2024-06-20 | Basf Se | Process for preparing at least one polyisocyanate from co2 |
| EP4403589A1 (de) | 2023-01-19 | 2024-07-24 | Basf Se | Verfahren zur herstellung von mindestens einem polyisocyanat aus festem material w |
| WO2024153745A1 (en) | 2023-01-19 | 2024-07-25 | Basf Se | A process for preparing at least one polyisocyanate from a solid material w |
| EP4442859A1 (de) * | 2023-04-06 | 2024-10-09 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Nachhaltige herstellung von hexamethylendiisocyanat für die produktion von polyurethan |
| WO2024208940A3 (de) * | 2023-04-06 | 2024-11-28 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Nachhaltige herstellung von hexamethylendiisocyanat für die produktion von polyurethan |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2909402T3 (es) | 2022-05-06 |
| JP2022534099A (ja) | 2022-07-27 |
| PT3744812T (pt) | 2022-03-24 |
| CN113853398A (zh) | 2021-12-28 |
| KR102878039B1 (ko) | 2025-10-29 |
| HUE057982T2 (hu) | 2022-06-28 |
| KR20220012858A (ko) | 2022-02-04 |
| CN113853398B (zh) | 2026-03-17 |
| JP7811476B2 (ja) | 2026-02-05 |
| SA521430945B1 (ar) | 2025-05-11 |
| US20220227701A1 (en) | 2022-07-21 |
| US12275689B2 (en) | 2025-04-15 |
| EP3744812A1 (de) | 2020-12-02 |
| EP3744812B1 (de) | 2022-01-12 |
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