WO2021018331A1 - Moyen de chauffage destiné à augmenter la vitesse d'évaporation d'eau pour des évaporateurs d'eau thermiques et solaires - Google Patents

Moyen de chauffage destiné à augmenter la vitesse d'évaporation d'eau pour des évaporateurs d'eau thermiques et solaires Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2021018331A1
WO2021018331A1 PCT/DE2020/000169 DE2020000169W WO2021018331A1 WO 2021018331 A1 WO2021018331 A1 WO 2021018331A1 DE 2020000169 W DE2020000169 W DE 2020000169W WO 2021018331 A1 WO2021018331 A1 WO 2021018331A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
water
heating means
absorbing
evaporator
evaporation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/DE2020/000169
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German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Harald Hansmann
Jürgen Renner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
HOCHSCHULE WISMAR
Original Assignee
HOCHSCHULE WISMAR
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by HOCHSCHULE WISMAR filed Critical HOCHSCHULE WISMAR
Publication of WO2021018331A1 publication Critical patent/WO2021018331A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/0011—Heating features
    • B01D1/0029—Use of radiation
    • B01D1/0035—Solar energy
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D1/00—Evaporating
    • B01D1/30—Accessories for evaporators ; Constructional details thereof
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
    • C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
    • C02F1/02—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating
    • C02F1/04—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation
    • C02F1/14—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by heating by distillation or evaporation using solar energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/124—Water desalination
    • Y02A20/138—Water desalination using renewable energy
    • Y02A20/142—Solar thermal; Photovoltaics
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A20/00—Water conservation; Efficient water supply; Efficient water use
    • Y02A20/20—Controlling water pollution; Waste water treatment
    • Y02A20/208—Off-grid powered water treatment
    • Y02A20/212—Solar-powered wastewater sewage treatment, e.g. spray evaporation

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating means for increasing evaporation rates of water for thermal and solar water evaporators, in particular for
  • the particles of liquid substances Due to the heat movement, the particles of liquid substances, including water, have different speeds according to the Maxwell-Boltzmamn distribution and thus different kinetic energy.
  • the liquid-gas phase interface has a higher energy than that of the
  • Evaporation capacities are known that are based on an increase in temperature of the liquids to be evaporated, on an increased air flow for transporting the air laden with water vapor from the evaporation surface and on an enlarged evaporation surface and on systems of a vacuum.
  • DE 16 42 530 A discloses a device for obtaining fresh water from salt water, in which a stream of air is passed along a tubular film, the air being heated in a first part and a condensation on the air hose in a second part to collect the fresh water to be held.
  • the air can be moved by means of fans, with the introduction
  • the device can only be set up in an environment with sea water.
  • DE 10 2011 121 540 A1 discloses a heating aid with which the solar thermal radiation is used more effectively for accelerated heating and evaporation of the liquid to be heated, which is mechanically and thermally stable and resistant to the liquid to be heated and does not cause any contamination of the liquid.
  • fine-grained solid and porous coke is used as a heating aid, with the liquid to be heated filling the coke bed with little protrusion.
  • the coke is a beneficial one
  • Heating aid because it absorbs the heat radiation as best as possible due to its black color and the reflection of the heat radiation is low due to its diffuse surface.
  • the coke quickly releases the heat it has absorbed into the surrounding liquid due to its thermal conductivity.
  • This invention has the disadvantage that the finely divided, solid and porous coke has a very abrasive effect when it is transported through the plant and causes high wear.
  • WO 2011/124870 A1 a seawater desalination plant is described, a solar pipeline taking water from the sea and pumping it inland. The sea water is converted into fresh water using solar energy. The rate of evaporation is determined by the use of a vacuum in the
  • a shallow desalination center further increases freshwater emissions by preheating the seawater before it is pumped into a vacuum. This causes the sea water to evaporate. Urine can also be used when there is no access to the sea.
  • WO 2004/067451 A1 discloses a device for cleaning water, in particular for desalination of salt water, with an evaporator for the water to be cleaned and with a condenser downstream of the evaporator for the water vapor, the evaporator having at least one circumferential textile carrier web for has the water to be evaporated.
  • Condenser are in a circuit for an air flow serving as a carrier for the water vapor, that the circulating carrier web between deflection rollers
  • the textile carrier web has a surface structure, for example knobs, around the
  • the invention according to DE 19 621 042 A1 relates to a system for desalination of sea or sea water, which is operated exclusively using solar energy for evaporation and recondensation of salty water, with at least one being arranged on or within a floating body
  • water vapor-saturated air is arranged with a fan located above it, which is guided through the floors of the evaporator chamber or the float. This is followed by a condenser cooled with seawater
  • Evaporator chamber return lines for the water vapor-free air the condenser is followed by a collecting device for the desalinated water, which comprises devices which convey the desalinated water into a container arranged above the water level.
  • Evaporator space or the float is still a than
  • Heat exchanger unit trained combined device for supply and discharge of salty water out.
  • the evaporator room there is a device for discharging water vapor-saturated air with a fan located above it, which is guided through the floors of the evaporator chamber and the float, and to which a seawater-cooled condenser with lines for the water-vapor-free air that recirculates into the evaporator chamber is connected, the condenser a collecting device for the desalinated water is connected downstream, which is conveyed with the help of a solar-powered pump into a container 10 arranged above the water level.
  • Seawater desalination is the evaporation with subsequent recondensation of seawater using solar energy alone.
  • the air that is supposed to absorb the sea water to be evaporated is natural
  • US Pat. No. 5,053,110 A describes a solar-powered device for purifying and / or desalinating water. Several embodiments are disclosed, each of which essentially derives its heat source from solar energy. The device has a unique design of the
  • Evaporation collection hood which is provided with a smooth inner surface to allow the collection of increased amounts of distillate.
  • the exterior of the device has a black surface to act as a black body and so absorb increased amounts of solar energy.
  • the same exterior is coated with a film of infrared absorbing material (STET) to further increase the absorption of solar energy.
  • STT infrared absorbing material
  • various external pipe designs are used to preheat the load before it enters the vaporization chamber.
  • the distillate receiver is a downwardly extending dome. This increases the volume while reducing re-evaporation by minimizing the exposed surface.
  • the arrangement of the device on a hill or other elevated topography also enables a further increase in the overall system efficiency in that the distillate is forced by gravity through a turbine / generator for the joint generation of electricity.
  • Condensation from salt or brackish water can be carried out on a large area with simple means.
  • an inclined film is arranged above the evaporator surface, on which water can condense on the side facing the evaporator surface and can be derived from the inclined film via a drain to a collecting device is.
  • a film for condensation which can be produced inexpensively and which can also be installed over large evaporator surfaces, can therefore be used in the space.
  • condensation water can be collected with simple means, whereby both the use of material is low and complex devices such as fans can be dispensed with.
  • Evaporation capacities are known that are based on an increase in temperature of the liquids to be evaporated, on an increased air flow to remove the air laden with water vapor from the evaporation surface and on an enlarged evaporation surface and on the application of a vacuum.
  • all of these solutions require an increased outlay in terms of apparatus with the associated increased costs.
  • heating means When using heating means to increase the evaporation rates, only finely divided coke and charcoal are known from the prior art as heating means. When used in seawater desalination plants in particular, this finely divided coke shows high abrasive properties, which lead to premature wear of the plants.
  • the object of the invention is to develop heating aids to increase the evaporation rates for solar evaporators in devices for the evaporation and condensation of water, in particular for obtaining drinking water from seawater, the heating means being mechanically and thermally stable and resistant to the liquid to be heated and no contamination causing the liquid.
  • the object is achieved in that for the accelerated heating and evaporation of the liquid to be evaporated by solar
  • Heat radiation as a heating aid gel-like substances in which energy-absorbing, in particular sunlight-absorbing, IR-active substances are introduced, or porous substances with a high internal micro- and macroporosity combined with a high capillary effect that are in direct contact with the evaporation surfaces and are overflowed by the liquid to be heated.
  • chemically crosslinked gelatin with a foam structure and incorporated IR absorbers, in particular proteins with graphite incorporated into the protein structure are used as the gel-like substance.
  • the porous substances have a high internal micro- and macro-porosity and due to the small gap volume in the bed, the stored liquid is divided into small water segments and in this way the
  • Heat transfer from the porous substance to the liquid is greatly accelerated and rapid heating of the small water segments is achieved.
  • FIG. 1 being a schematic representation of an evaporation device according to FIG. 1
  • a closed space which has an evaporator surface 12, to which a water-containing liquid can be introduced via an inlet 6, which flows over the at least partially sloping terrace-shaped evaporator surface 12 and can then be derived from the room via a drain 7.
  • An inclined film 4 is arranged on the evaporator surface 12, on which water can condense on the side facing the evaporator surface 12 and can be diverted from the inclined film 4 via a drain 6 to a collecting device. Furthermore, a plurality of terraced basins 3 are formed on the evaporator surface 12, which are arranged offset in height. On the surface of the basin 3 of the evaporator surface 12 are nets 9 within
  • Heating aids in the form of gel-like substances, such as gelatin, are placed in the energy-absorbing, in particular sunlight-absorbing, IR-active substances, such as graphite.
  • An upper basin 3 is each over an overflow 8, in particular one
  • Overflow bar connected to a lower basin 3. This overflow 8 also serves to secure the networks 9 with the heating means on the
  • the water-containing liquid in particular salt or brackish water
  • the heating means over the full area possible.
  • the liquid is partially evaporated or evaporated.
  • water-enriched air with high humidity is formed in the room. This also increases the temperature inside the room. This allows the
  • porous substances with a high internal micro- and macroporosity combined with a high capillary effect, such as mesoporous silica, are placed on the basins 4 , applied in a polydisperse bed and overflowed by the liquid to be heated, heated and partially evaporated or evaporated.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Water, Waste Water Or Sewage (AREA)
  • Vaporization, Distillation, Condensation, Sublimation, And Cold Traps (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un moyen de chauffage destiné à augmenter la vitesse d'évaporation d'eau pour des évaporateurs d'eau thermiques et solaires, notamment dans des dispositifs de désalinisation de l'eau de mer. Le chauffage et l'évaporation accélérés du liquide à évaporer par irradiation de chaleur solaire sont obtenus par l'utilisation, en tant que moyens auxiliaires de chauffage, de substances de type gel dans lesquelles sont introduites des substances actives par rapport au rayonnement infrarouge, absorbant de l'énergie, notamment de la lumière solaire, ainsi que de substances poreuses ayant une microporosité et une macroporosité intérieures élevées et un effet capillaire élevé, lesquelles substances étant en contact direct avec les surfaces d'évaporation et étant submergées par le flux de liquide à chauffer.
PCT/DE2020/000169 2019-07-27 2020-07-24 Moyen de chauffage destiné à augmenter la vitesse d'évaporation d'eau pour des évaporateurs d'eau thermiques et solaires Ceased WO2021018331A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102019005311.7 2019-07-27
DE102019005311.7A DE102019005311A1 (de) 2019-07-27 2019-07-27 Aufheizmittel zur Erhöhung der Verdunstungsrate von Wasser für thermische und solare Wasser- Verdampfer

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2021018331A1 true WO2021018331A1 (fr) 2021-02-04

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PCT/DE2020/000169 Ceased WO2021018331A1 (fr) 2019-07-27 2020-07-24 Moyen de chauffage destiné à augmenter la vitesse d'évaporation d'eau pour des évaporateurs d'eau thermiques et solaires

Country Status (2)

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DE (1) DE102019005311A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2021018331A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117923578A (zh) * 2024-03-19 2024-04-26 山东驰盛新能源设备有限公司 一种含高盐废水的闪蒸系统及方法

Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3351538A (en) * 1963-06-18 1967-11-07 Andrassy Stella Solar distillation equipment
DE1642530A1 (de) 1968-01-03 1971-04-08 Paul Weuthen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Suesswasser aus Salzwasser
US3846251A (en) * 1971-03-02 1974-11-05 H Hay Apparatus for solar distillation
DE2752748A1 (de) * 1977-11-25 1979-05-31 Mittex Anstalt Verfahren und anlage zur gewinnung von wasser aus feuchter luft
DE3119615A1 (de) 1981-05-16 1983-01-13 Martin Dipl.-Ing. 4030 Ratingen Basler Verfahren und vorrichtung zur meerwasserentsalzung
US5053110A (en) 1990-10-12 1991-10-01 David Deutsch Solar water distillation system
DE19621042A1 (de) 1996-05-24 1997-11-27 Noell Lga Gastechnik Gmbh Anlage zur Entsalzung von See- bzw. Meerwasser
WO2004067451A1 (fr) 2003-01-27 2004-08-12 Rudolf Schober Dispositif pour epurer de l'eau
WO2011124870A1 (fr) 2010-04-08 2011-10-13 Alan Smith Dessalement de pipeline solaire
DE102011121540A1 (de) 2011-12-17 2013-06-20 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Aufheiz-, Verdunstungs- bzw. Verdampfungsgeschwindigkeit von Flüssigkeiten durch ein Aufheizhilfsmittel bei solarer Wärmeeinstrahlung
DE102017114020A1 (de) 2017-03-07 2018-09-13 Hochschule Wismar Vorrichtung zur Verdampfung und Kondensation von Wasser
US20180327279A1 (en) * 2017-03-30 2018-11-15 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Hybrid hydrogel for highly efficient solar generation of steam
WO2019053638A1 (fr) * 2017-09-15 2019-03-21 Huasheng Graphite Stock Corporation Limited Appareil de distillation photothermique

Patent Citations (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3351538A (en) * 1963-06-18 1967-11-07 Andrassy Stella Solar distillation equipment
DE1642530A1 (de) 1968-01-03 1971-04-08 Paul Weuthen Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Gewinnung von Suesswasser aus Salzwasser
US3846251A (en) * 1971-03-02 1974-11-05 H Hay Apparatus for solar distillation
DE2752748A1 (de) * 1977-11-25 1979-05-31 Mittex Anstalt Verfahren und anlage zur gewinnung von wasser aus feuchter luft
DE3119615A1 (de) 1981-05-16 1983-01-13 Martin Dipl.-Ing. 4030 Ratingen Basler Verfahren und vorrichtung zur meerwasserentsalzung
US5053110A (en) 1990-10-12 1991-10-01 David Deutsch Solar water distillation system
DE19621042A1 (de) 1996-05-24 1997-11-27 Noell Lga Gastechnik Gmbh Anlage zur Entsalzung von See- bzw. Meerwasser
WO2004067451A1 (fr) 2003-01-27 2004-08-12 Rudolf Schober Dispositif pour epurer de l'eau
WO2011124870A1 (fr) 2010-04-08 2011-10-13 Alan Smith Dessalement de pipeline solaire
DE102011121540A1 (de) 2011-12-17 2013-06-20 Technische Universität Bergakademie Freiberg Verfahren zur Erhöhung der Aufheiz-, Verdunstungs- bzw. Verdampfungsgeschwindigkeit von Flüssigkeiten durch ein Aufheizhilfsmittel bei solarer Wärmeeinstrahlung
DE102017114020A1 (de) 2017-03-07 2018-09-13 Hochschule Wismar Vorrichtung zur Verdampfung und Kondensation von Wasser
US20180327279A1 (en) * 2017-03-30 2018-11-15 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Hybrid hydrogel for highly efficient solar generation of steam
WO2019053638A1 (fr) * 2017-09-15 2019-03-21 Huasheng Graphite Stock Corporation Limited Appareil de distillation photothermique

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN117923578A (zh) * 2024-03-19 2024-04-26 山东驰盛新能源设备有限公司 一种含高盐废水的闪蒸系统及方法
CN117923578B (zh) * 2024-03-19 2024-06-07 山东驰盛新能源设备有限公司 一种含高盐废水的闪蒸系统及方法

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