WO2021025100A1 - ニッケル複合水酸化物、ニッケル複合水酸化物を前駆体とした正極活物質、及びこれらの製造方法 - Google Patents
ニッケル複合水酸化物、ニッケル複合水酸化物を前駆体とした正極活物質、及びこれらの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention is a nickel composite hydroxide, a positive electrode active material using a nickel composite hydroxide as a precursor, and a method for producing these.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte excellent in discharge capacity, charge / discharge efficiency, and rate characteristics.
- the present invention relates to a nickel composite hydroxide, a positive electrode active material using a nickel composite hydroxide as a precursor, and a method for producing these, from which a secondary battery can be obtained.
- secondary batteries have been used in a wide range of fields such as portable devices and vehicles that use or use electricity as a power source from the viewpoint of reducing the environmental load.
- the secondary battery include a secondary battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte such as a lithium ion secondary battery.
- a secondary battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte such as a lithium ion secondary battery is suitable for miniaturization and weight reduction, and has excellent characteristics such as high utilization rate.
- the secondary battery is also required to exhibit excellent cycle characteristics in high capacity, high charge / discharge efficiency, rate characteristics, and repeated charge / discharge. Therefore, as a positive electrode active material of a lithium ion secondary battery exhibiting excellent cycle characteristics, for example, lithium manganese composite oxide particles having a crystal structure of ⁇ -type MnO 2 have been proposed (Patent Document 1).
- Patent Document 1 Although the cycle characteristics are improved by enabling a high lithium conversion rate, there is room for improvement in terms of high discharge capacity, charge / discharge efficiency, and rate characteristics.
- the present invention can obtain a positive electrode active material capable of exhibiting high discharge capacity, high charge / discharge efficiency, and rate characteristics by being mounted on a secondary battery using a non-aqueous electrolyte. It is an object of the present invention to provide a precursor of the above, a positive electrode active material obtained from the precursor, and a method for producing the precursor and the positive electrode active material.
- D90 secondary particle diameter
- the molar ratio of Ni: Co: M is 1-xy: x: y.
- a method for producing a nickel composite hydroxide An aqueous solution containing at least a Ni salt, a Co salt, a salt of the added metal element, and a pH adjuster are mixed in a reaction vessel with an aqueous solution containing an ammonium ion feeder, and co-precipitation is performed in the mixed solution.
- the molar ratio of Ni: Co: M is 1-xy: x: y.
- Method [9] The method for producing a nickel composite hydroxide according to any one of [6] to [8], wherein in the solid-liquid separation step, the solid phase is washed with water after the solid-liquid separation.
- a lithium compound is added to obtain a mixture of the lithium compound and the nickel composite oxide.
- the step of firing the mixture and A method for producing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, including. [12] The step of adding the nickel composite hydroxide and the lithium compound according to any one of [1] to [4] to obtain a mixture, or the step according to any one of [1] to [4].
- a method for producing a positive electrode active material for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery containing After preparing a nickel composite oxide by oxidizing the nickel composite hydroxide of the above, a step of adding a lithium compound to obtain a mixture of the lithium compound and the nickel composite oxide, and a step of firing the mixture.
- the filling degree of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode and the contact property with the non-aqueous electrolyte are improved in a well-balanced manner. Can be made to.
- the positive electrode when the BET specific surface area is 30 m 2 / g or more and 60 m 2 / g or less, the positive electrode is provided while ensuring the filling degree of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode and the contact surface with the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the crushing strength of the active material can be improved.
- the crude product is surely crude.
- the value of ⁇ '/ ⁇ 'of the nickel composite hydroxide can be controlled to 13.0 or less, and as a result, at a secondary particle size of 90% by volume or more of the secondary particle size (D90).
- a powder using CuK ⁇ ray of a nickel composite hydroxide having a cumulative volume percentage of 90% by volume and a secondary particle diameter (D90) or more is a powder X-ray diffraction figure obtained by X-ray diffraction measurement.
- nickel composite hydroxide which is the precursor of the positive electrode active material of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention.
- the nickel composite hydroxide (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as "nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention") which is a precursor of the positive electrode active material of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention is nickel (Ni).
- nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention which is a precursor of the positive electrode active material of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery of the present invention is nickel (Ni).
- additive metal elements (M) selected from the group consisting of manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al), iron (Fe) and titanium (Ti).
- the nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention contains Ni and Co as essential metal components, and further contains one or more metal elements of Mn, Al, Fe, and Ti as the added metal element (M).
- the ⁇ / ⁇ value can be set to 13.0 or less, and by mounting the positive electrode active material using this nickel composite hydroxide as a precursor in the secondary battery. , High discharge capacity, high charge / discharge efficiency, and rate characteristics can be exhibited.
- the nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention is a secondary particle formed by aggregating a plurality of primary particles.
- the particle shape of the nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention is not particularly limited and has a wide variety of shapes, and examples thereof include a substantially spherical shape and a substantially elliptical shape.
- the nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention has a secondary particle diameter of 90% by volume or more (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as “D90”) or more.
- the peak intensity of the diffraction peak appearing in the range of 2.0 ° is ⁇
- the value of ⁇ / ⁇ is controlled to 13.0 or less.
- the secondary battery can be made by mounting the positive electrode active material using the nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention as a precursor into the secondary battery. , High discharge capacity, high charge / discharge efficiency, and rate characteristics can be exhibited.
- the upper limit of the ⁇ / ⁇ value is not particularly limited as long as it is controlled to 13.0 or less, but 11.0 or less is more preferable from the viewpoint of further improving the discharge capacity, charge / discharge efficiency and rate characteristics. , 9.0 or less is particularly preferable.
- the lower limit of the ⁇ / ⁇ value is preferably 3.0 or more, for example, from the viewpoint of preventing the uptake of impurities. The above upper limit value and lower limit value can be arbitrarily combined.
- the molar ratio of Ni: Co: M is not particularly limited and can be appropriately selected depending on the conditions of use of the positive electrode active material obtained from the nickel composite hydroxide.
- Examples of the molar ratio of Ni: Co: M include 1-xy: x: y (meaning 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.2, 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.1).
- the additive metal element preferably contains Al and Mn, and is particularly preferably Al, because it is easy to control the ⁇ / ⁇ value to 13.0 or less.
- the tap density (TD) of the nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, the lower limit thereof is preferably 1.50 g / ml or more from the viewpoint of improving the filling degree of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode. , 1.60 g / ml or more is particularly preferable.
- the upper limit of the tap density of the nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention is preferably 1.90 g / ml or less, preferably 1.80 g / ml, for example, from the viewpoint of improving the contact property between the positive electrode active material and the non-aqueous electrolyte. Especially preferably ml or less.
- the above upper limit value and lower limit value can be arbitrarily combined.
- the BET specific surface area of the nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, the lower limit thereof is 30 m from the viewpoint of improving the filling degree of the positive electrode active material in the positive electrode and the contact area with the non-aqueous electrolyte. 2 / g or more is preferable, and 35 m 2 / g or more is particularly preferable.
- the upper limit of the BET specific surface area of the nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention, from the viewpoint of improving the crush strength of the positive electrode active material is preferably not more than 60 m 2 / g, and particularly preferably 50 m 2 / g.
- the above upper limit value and lower limit value can be arbitrarily combined.
- the particle size of the nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention is not particularly limited, but for example, the lower limit of the secondary particle size (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as “D50”) having a cumulative volume percentage of 50% by volume is set. From the viewpoint of improving the density, 5.0 ⁇ m or more is preferable, and 8.0 ⁇ m or more is particularly preferable.
- the upper limit of D50 of the nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention is preferably 25.0 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 20.0 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of improving the contact property with the non-aqueous electrolyte. The above upper limit value and lower limit value can be arbitrarily combined.
- the lower limit of D90 of the nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention is preferably 10.0 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 15.0 ⁇ m or more from the viewpoint of improving the density.
- the upper limit of D90 of the nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention is preferably 40.0 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 35.0 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of improving the contact property with the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the above upper limit value and lower limit value can be arbitrarily combined.
- the lower limit of the secondary particle diameter (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as “D10”) in which the cumulative volume percentage of the nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention is 10% by volume is 1.0 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of improving the density.
- the upper limit of D10 of the nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention is preferably 15.0 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 10.0 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of improving the contact property with the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the above upper limit value and lower limit value can be arbitrarily combined.
- D10, D50, and D90 mean particle diameters measured by a particle size distribution measuring device using a laser diffraction / scattering method.
- the particle size distribution width of the nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention is not particularly limited, but the lower limit of (D90-D10) / D50 is 0.40 or more from the viewpoint of improving the loading density of the positive electrode active material. It is preferable, and 0.70 or more is particularly preferable.
- the upper limit of the nickel composite hydroxide (D90-D10) / D50 of the present invention is that the properties of the positive electrode active material are made uniform regardless of the particle size of the nickel composite hydroxide. Therefore, 1.10 or less is preferable, and 1.00 or less is particularly preferable.
- the above upper limit value and lower limit value can be arbitrarily combined.
- a solution containing a nickel salt (for example, a sulfate), a cobalt salt (for example, a sulfate) and a salt of an additive metal element (for example, a sulfate), a complexing agent, and a pH adjuster are prepared by a co-precipitation method.
- a nickel salt for example, a sulfate
- a cobalt salt for example, a sulfate
- a salt of an additive metal element for example, a sulfate
- a complexing agent for example, a sulfate
- a pH adjuster are prepared by a co-precipitation method.
- the complexing agent is not particularly limited as long as it can form a complex with ions of nickel, cobalt, and an additive metal element in an aqueous solution, and examples thereof include an ammonium ion feeder.
- the ammonium ion feeder include aqueous ammonia, ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, ammonium carbonate, ammonium fluoride and the like.
- an alkali metal hydroxide for example, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide
- a pH adjuster if necessary.
- the metal salt solution containing nickel, cobalt, and the added metal element, the pH adjuster, and the ammonium ion feeder are appropriately and continuously supplied to the reaction vessel, and the substance in the reaction vessel is appropriately stirred to obtain the metal in the metal salt solution.
- Nickel, cobalt, added metal elements undergo a co-precipitation reaction to prepare a crude nickel composite hydroxide.
- the temperature of the reaction vessel is controlled in the range of, for example, 10 ° C to 80 ° C, preferably 20 to 70 ° C.
- the ammonia concentration of the mixed solution in the reaction vessel and the pH based on the liquid temperature of 40 ° C. are controlled within a predetermined range to make a crude product.
- the value of ⁇ '/ ⁇ 'of the nickel composite hydroxide can be controlled to be 13.0 or less.
- the value of ⁇ '/ ⁇ 'of the crude nickel composite hydroxide described later to be D90 or more is 13.0. It becomes easy to control as follows.
- the ammonia concentration is less than 12.0 g / L. Is preferable, and 7.0 g / L or more and 11.0 g / L or less are particularly preferable.
- the pH based on the liquid temperature of 40 ° C. is preferably 11.0 or more and 12.5 or less, and particularly preferably 11.5 or more and 12.3 or less.
- Examples of the reaction tank used in the method for producing a nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention include a continuous type in which the obtained crude nickel composite hydroxide is overflowed to separate it, and a batch type in which the obtained crude nickel composite hydroxide is not discharged to the outside of the system until the reaction is completed. Can be mentioned.
- the crude nickel composite hydroxide obtained in the neutralization reaction step is filtered from the suspension, washed with an alkaline aqueous solution to remove impurities contained in the crude nickel composite hydroxide, and purified nickel.
- a composite hydroxide nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention
- solid-liquid separation is performed, and if necessary, the solid phase containing the nickel composite hydroxide is washed with water, and the nickel composite hydroxide is heat-treated and dried to obtain a powdery nickel composite hydroxide. Can be obtained.
- the positive electrode active material of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery using the nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention as a precursor (hereinafter, may be simply referred to as “the positive electrode active material of the present invention”) will be described.
- the positive electrode active material of the present invention is in an embodiment in which the nickel composite hydroxide of the present invention, which is a precursor, is fired with, for example, a lithium compound.
- the crystal structure of the positive electrode active material of the present invention is a layered structure, and is more preferably a hexagonal crystal structure or a monoclinic crystal structure from the viewpoint of obtaining a secondary battery having a high discharge capacity.
- the positive electrode active material of the present invention can be used, for example, as the positive electrode active material of a lithium ion secondary battery.
- a step of preparing a nickel composite hydroxide into a nickel composite oxide may be carried out in advance.
- the method for preparing the nickel composite oxide from the nickel composite hydroxide include an oxidation treatment in which the nickel composite oxide is calcined at a temperature of 300 ° C. or higher and 800 ° C. or lower for 1 hour or more and 10 hours or less in an atmosphere in which oxygen gas is present. Can be done.
- a nickel compound is added to a nickel composite hydroxide or a nickel composite oxide to prepare a nickel composite hydroxide or a mixture of a nickel composite oxide and a lithium compound.
- the lithium compound is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having lithium, and examples thereof include lithium carbonate and lithium hydroxide.
- the positive electrode active material can be produced by calcining the obtained mixture.
- the firing conditions include a firing temperature of 700 ° C. or higher and 1000 ° C. or lower, a heating rate of 50 ° C./h or higher and 300 ° C./h or lower, and a firing time of 5 hours or more and 20 hours or less.
- the firing atmosphere is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include the atmosphere and oxygen.
- the firing furnace used for firing is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a stationary box furnace and a roller Haworth continuous furnace.
- the fired product obtained as described above may be washed.
- Pure water or an alkaline cleaning solution can be used for cleaning.
- the alkaline cleaning solution include LiOH (lithium hydroxide), NaOH (sodium hydroxide), KOH (potassium hydroxide), Li 2 CO 3 (lithium carbonate), Na 2 CO 3 (sodium carbonate), and K 2 CO 3.
- Examples thereof include an aqueous solution of one or more hydroxides selected from the group consisting of (potassium carbonate) and (NH 4 ) 2 CO 3 (ammonium carbonate) and hydrates thereof. Ammonia can also be used as the alkaline cleaning solution.
- the cleaning step as a method of bringing the cleaning liquid into contact with the fired product, for example, a method of putting the fired product into the aqueous solution of each cleaning liquid and stirring it, or a method of applying the aqueous solution of each cleaning liquid as shower water to the fired product.
- a method in which the fired product is put into the aqueous solution of the cleaning liquid and stirred, the fired product is separated from the aqueous solution of each cleaning liquid, and then the aqueous solution of each cleaning liquid is used as shower water and applied to the fired product after separation. can be mentioned.
- the cleaning material When performing the above cleaning, after cleaning, the cleaning material is separated from the cleaning liquid by filtration or the like, and heat treatment is performed.
- the heat treatment conditions include a heat treatment temperature of 100 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower, and a heat treatment time of 1 hour or longer and 20 hours or lower.
- the atmosphere of the heat treatment is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an atmosphere, oxygen, and a vacuum atmosphere.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer using the positive electrode active material of the present invention formed on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
- the positive electrode active material layer has the positive electrode active material of the present invention, a binder (binding agent), and, if necessary, a conductive auxiliary agent.
- the conductive auxiliary agent is not particularly limited as long as it can be used for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and a carbon material can be used. Examples of the carbon material include graphite powder, carbon black (for example, acetylene black), and fibrous carbon material.
- the binder is not particularly limited, but is limited to polymer resins such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVdF), butadiene rubber (BR), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), and the like. A combination of these can be mentioned.
- the positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited, but a band-shaped member made of a metal material such as Al, Ni, or stainless steel can be used. Among them, Al is used as a forming material because it is easy to process and inexpensive, and it is processed into a thin film.
- a positive electrode active material slurry is prepared by mixing the positive electrode active material of the present invention, a conductive auxiliary agent, and a binder.
- the positive electrode active material slurry is applied to a positive electrode current collector by a known filling method, dried, pressed, and fixed to obtain a positive electrode.
- a positive electrode using the positive electrode active material obtained as described above, a negative electrode having a negative electrode active material layer containing the negative electrode active material formed on the surface of the negative electrode current collector and the negative electrode current collector, and a predetermined electrolyte are included.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery can be assembled by mounting the electrolytic solution and the separator by a known method.
- the electrolytes contained in the electrolytic solution include LiClO 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiSbF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiN (SO 2 C 2 F 5 ) 2 , LiN.
- Examples of the dispersion medium of the electrolyte contained in the electrolytic solution include propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, 4-trifluoromethyl-1,3-dioxolan-2-one, 1, Carbonates such as 2-di (methoxycarbonyloxy) ethane; 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,3-dimethoxypropane, pentafluoropropylmethyl ether, 2,2,3,3-tetrafluoropropyldifluoromethyl ether, tetrahydrofuran , Ethers such as 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran; esters such as methyl formate, methyl acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone; nitriles such as acetonitrile and butyronitrile; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide; Carbamates such as 3-
- a solid electrolyte may be used instead of the above electrolytic solution.
- an organic polymer electrolyte such as a polyethylene oxide-based polymer compound, a polymer compound containing at least one of a polyorganosiloxane chain or a polyoxyalkylene chain can be used.
- a so-called gel type compound in which a non-aqueous electrolytic solution is retained in a polymer compound can also be used.
- the separator examples include a material having a form such as a porous film, a non-woven fabric, and a woven fabric, which is made of a material such as a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, a fluororesin, and a nitrogen-containing aromatic polymer.
- a material having a form such as a porous film, a non-woven fabric, and a woven fabric, which is made of a material such as a polyolefin resin such as polyethylene and polypropylene, a fluororesin, and a nitrogen-containing aromatic polymer.
- Nickel Composite Hydroxide of Examples and Comparative Examples Production of Nickel Composite Hydroxide of Example 1 An aqueous solution of nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and aluminum sulfate dissolved in a predetermined ratio and an aqueous solution of ammonium sulfate (ammonium ion feeder). ) And an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, and using a stirrer while maintaining the pH of the mixed solution in the reaction vessel at 12.1 based on the liquid temperature of 40 ° C. and the ammonia concentration at 9.5 g / L. Stirred continuously. The temperature of the mixed solution in the reaction vessel was maintained at 40.0 ° C.
- the crude nickel composite hydroxide produced by the neutralization reaction was allowed to stay in the reaction vessel for 10.2 hours, then overflowed from the overflow pipe of the reaction vessel and taken out as a suspension. After filtering a part of the suspension, it was washed with pure water, separated into solid and liquid, and subjected to a drying treatment, and the powder X-ray diffraction measurement of the crude nickel composite hydroxide was performed. At this point, it was confirmed that the ⁇ '/ ⁇ 'of the crude nickel composite hydroxide was 13.0 or less.
- the suspension of the crude nickel composite hydroxide taken out was filtered, washed with an alkaline aqueous solution (8% by mass sodium hydroxide aqueous solution), and solid-liquid separated. Then, the separated solid phase was washed with water, and further subjected to each treatment of dehydration and drying to obtain a powdered purified nickel composite hydroxide.
- Example 2 Production of Nickel Composite Hydroxide of Example 2 The ratio of nickel sulfate, cobalt sulfate and aluminum sulfate was changed, the pH of the mixture in the reaction vessel was 12.0 based on the liquid temperature of 40 ° C, and the ammonia concentration was 9.0 g. A powdery purified nickel composite hydroxide was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the concentration was maintained at / L.
- Table 1 below shows the neutralization reaction conditions of the nickel composite hydroxides of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples.
- the evaluation items of the physical properties of the nickel composite hydroxides of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples are as follows.
- Composition analysis of nickel composite hydroxide The composition analysis is carried out by dissolving the obtained nickel composite hydroxide in hydrochloric acid and then using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (Optima 7300DV, manufactured by PerkinElmer Japan Co., Ltd.). went.
- Table 1 below shows the evaluation results of the physical properties of the nickel composite hydroxides of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Examples.
- Peak intensity of diffraction peak of nickel composite hydroxide having a secondary particle size of D90 or more Among the nickel composite hydroxides of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example, nickel composite hydroxide having a secondary particle size of D90 or more Objects were sorted by airflow classification. Regarding the nickel composite hydroxide having a secondary particle size of D90 or more, the D90 was 20.1 ⁇ m in Example 1, 22.5 ⁇ m in Example 2, and 22.6 ⁇ m in Comparative Example, and nickel before preparative. The value was larger than that of D90 of the composite hydroxide.
- the peak intensity of the diffraction peak appearing in the range of 2 ⁇ 8.0 ⁇ 2.0 ° in the powder X-ray diffraction measurement using CuK ⁇ ray, CuK ⁇ ray.
- the powder X-ray diffraction measurement was performed using an X-ray diffractometer (Ultima IV, manufactured by Rigaku Co., Ltd.).
- a powder X-ray diffraction pattern was obtained by performing the measurement under the conditions of 0.03 ° and a scan speed of 20 ° / min. Smoothing processing and background removal processing are performed using the integrated powder X-ray analysis software PDXL, and the peak intensity ⁇ , 19.0 of the diffraction peak appearing in the range of 8.0 ⁇ 2.0 ° from the powder X-ray diffraction pattern. The peak intensity ⁇ of the diffraction peak appearing in the range of ⁇ 2.0 ° was measured, and the peak intensity ratio ⁇ / ⁇ was calculated.
- Example 1 The powder X-ray diffraction pattern of the nickel composite hydroxide having a secondary particle diameter of D90 or more of Example 1 and Comparative Example is shown in FIG. 1 (in FIG. 1, "Example 1" and “Comparative Example", respectively.
- Table 2 the peak intensity ⁇ , the peak intensity ⁇ , and the peak intensity ratio ⁇ / ⁇ of Examples 1 and 2 and Comparative Example are shown in Table 2 below.
- nickel composite hydroxides of Examples 1 and Comparative Examples A positive electrode active material was produced using a material.
- a step of oxidizing the nickel composite hydroxide to prepare the nickel composite oxide was carried out in advance.
- the oxidation treatment was carried out by firing at a temperature of 690 ° C. for 5 hours in an atmospheric atmosphere to prepare nickel composite oxides of Examples 1 and Comparative Examples.
- lithium hydroxide powder was added and mixed with the nickel composite oxides of Example 1 and Comparative Example so that the molar ratio of Li / (Ni + Co + Al) was 1.07, respectively, and the nickel composite hydroxide was mixed.
- a mixed powder of the product and lithium hydroxide was obtained.
- the obtained mixed powder was calcined to obtain lithium metal composite oxide particles.
- the firing conditions were an oxygen atmosphere, a firing temperature of 700 ° C., a heating rate of 200 ° C./h, and a firing time of 6 hours.
- a box furnace was used for firing.
- the lithium metal composite oxide particles obtained as described above were washed with water.
- the washing was carried out by adding a lithium metal composite oxide to pure water, stirring the slurry-like liquid obtained for 10 minutes, and dehydrating the liquid.
- the wet cake obtained by the above washing was heat-treated at 150 ° C. for 12 hours in a vacuum atmosphere to obtain a positive electrode active material.
- a positive electrode plate was produced using the positive electrode active material obtained as described above, and an evaluation battery was assembled using the produced positive electrode plate. Specifically, the obtained positive electrode active material, the conductive agent (acetylene black), and the binder (polyvinylidene fluoride) were mixed at a weight ratio of 92: 5: 3, respectively, and N-methyl-2- Pyrrolidone was added and kneaded and dispersed to prepare a slurry. The obtained slurry was applied to an aluminum foil using a baker-type applicator and dried at 60 ° C. for 3 hours and at 150 ° C. for 12 hours. A roll-pressed electrode after drying was punched out to an area of 1.65 cm 2 and used as a positive electrode plate.
- the conductive agent acetylene black
- the binder polyvinylidene fluoride
- the evaluation battery was manufactured as follows.
- the positive electrode plate obtained as described above is placed on the lower lid of a part for coin-type battery R2032 (manufactured by Hosen Co., Ltd.) with the aluminum foil side facing down, and a laminated film separator (porous polyethylene) is placed on the lower lid.
- a heat-resistant porous layer (thickness 16 ⁇ m) was placed on the quality film.
- 300 ⁇ l of the electrolytic solution was injected therein.
- the electrolytic solution is ethylene carbonate (hereinafter, may be referred to as EC), dimethyl carbonate (hereinafter, may be referred to as DMC), and ethyl methyl carbonate (hereinafter, may be referred to as EMC) at 30:35.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- LiPF 6 / EC + DMC + EMC LiPF 6 / EC + DMC + EMC
- Discharge capacity Charging / discharging was performed under the following conditions, and the discharge capacity of the initial charge / discharge was defined as the discharge capacity.
- the discharge capacity was evaluated at a ratio of 100 in Examples.
- Test temperature 25 ° C Maximum charge voltage 4.3V, charge current 0.2C, constant current constant voltage charge Minimum discharge voltage 2.5V, discharge current 0.2C, constant current discharge (2)
- Charge / discharge efficiency The charge / discharge efficiency is the first time in the above charge / discharge test.
- the ratio of the initial discharge capacity to the charge capacity of was taken as the charge / discharge efficiency.
- the charge / discharge efficiency was evaluated at a ratio of 100 in Examples.
- Rate characteristics As for the rate characteristics, 1.0 C was set to 200 mAh / g, charging and discharging were performed under the following conditions, and the discharge capacity at 3.0 C was defined as the rate characteristics. The rate characteristics were evaluated at a ratio of 100 in Examples. Test temperature: 25 ° C Maximum charging voltage 4.3V, charging current 1.0C, constant current constant voltage charging Minimum discharge voltage 2.5V, discharge current 3.0C, constant current discharge
- Example 1 in which the positive electrode active material was prepared using the precursor having a peak intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of 7.2, excellent discharge capacity, charge / discharge efficiency, and rate characteristics were obtained.
- the tap density of the precursor was 1.75 g / ml, and the BET specific surface area was 44 m 2 / g.
- the peak intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) was 9.8 and the peak intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) was 13.0 or less as in Example 1, it was excellent as in Example 1. It was found that the discharge capacity, charge / discharge efficiency and rate characteristics can be obtained.
- Example 2 the tap density of the precursor was 1.69 g / ml, and the BET specific surface area was 50 m 2 / g.
- the positive electrode active material was prepared using the precursor having the peak intensity ratio ( ⁇ / ⁇ ) of 14.9
- the discharge capacity and charge / discharge were compared with those of Example 1. Both efficiency and rate characteristics have deteriorated.
- the tap density of the precursor was 1.98 g / ml, and the BET specific surface area was 28 m 2 / g.
- a positive electrode active material capable of exhibiting high discharge capacity, high charge / discharge efficiency, and rate characteristics can be obtained. Since it can be used as a precursor of a substance, it can be used in a wide range of fields such as portable devices and vehicles.
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Abstract
Description
[1]Niと、Coと、Mn、Al、Fe及びTiからなる群から選択される1種以上の添加金属元素Mと、を含む、非水電解質二次電池の正極活物質の前駆体であるニッケル複合水酸化物であって、
累積体積百分率が90体積%の二次粒子径(D90)以上の二次粒子径である前記ニッケル複合水酸化物の、CuKα線を使用した粉末X線回折測定における2θ=8.0±2.0°の範囲に現れる回折ピークのピーク強度をα、CuKα線を使用した粉末X線回折測定における2θ=19.0±2.0°の範囲に現れる回折ピークのピーク強度をβとしたとき、β/αの値が、13.0以下であるニッケル複合水酸化物。
[2]タップ密度が、1.50g/ml以上1.90g/ml以下である[1]に記載のニッケル複合水酸化物。
[3]BET比表面積が、30m2/g以上60m2/g以下である[1]または[2]に記載のニッケル複合水酸化物。
[4]Ni:Co:Mのモル比が、1-x-y:x:y
(0<x≦0.2、0<y≦0.1を意味する。)である[1]乃至[3]のいずれか1つに記載のニッケル複合水酸化物。
[5][1]乃至[4]のいずれか1つに記載のニッケル複合水酸化物がリチウム化合物と焼成された、非水電解質二次電池の正極活物質。
[6]Niと、Coと、Mn、Al、Fe及びTiからなる群から選択される1種以上の添加金属元素Mと、を含む、非水電解質二次電池の正極活物質の前駆体であるニッケル複合水酸化物の製造方法であって、
少なくともNi塩とCo塩と前記添加金属元素の塩とを含む水溶液とpH調整剤とを、アンモニウムイオン供給体を含む水溶液と、を反応槽内で混合し、前記混合した液中にて共沈反応をさせて粗製ニッケル複合水酸化物を得る中和反応工程であり、前記粗製ニッケル複合水酸化物の、CuKα線を使用した粉末X線回折測定における2θ=8.0±2.0°の範囲に現れる回折ピークのピーク強度をα´、CuKα線を使用した粉末X線回折測定における2θ=19.0±2.0°の範囲に現れる回折ピークのピーク強度をβ´としたとき、β´/α´の値が13.0以下となるように、前記混合した液のアンモニア濃度と液温40℃基準のpHとを制御する、中和反応工程と、
前記中和反応工程で得られた前記粗製ニッケル複合水酸化物をアルカリ水溶液で洗浄後、固液分離して、前記ニッケル複合水酸化物を得る固液分離工程と、
を含む、ニッケル複合水酸化物の製造方法。
[7]Ni:Co:Mのモル比が、1-x-y:x:y
(0<x≦0.2、0<y≦0.1を意味する。)である[6]に記載のニッケル複合水酸化物の製造方法。
[8]前記アンモニア濃度が12.0g/L未満、前記液温40℃基準のpHが11.0以上12.5以下である[6]または[7]に記載のニッケル複合水酸化物の製造方法。
[9]前記固液分離工程において、前記固液分離後に、固相を水洗する[6]乃至[8]のいずれか1つに記載のニッケル複合水酸化物の製造方法。
[10]前記固液分離工程後に、さらに、前記ニッケル複合水酸化物を乾燥する乾燥工程を含む[6]乃至[9]のいずれか1つに記載のニッケル複合水酸化物の製造方法。
[11]Niと、Coと、Mn、Al、Fe及びTiからなる群から選択される1種以上の添加金属元素Mと、を含む、ニッケル複合水酸化物を前駆体に用いた、非水電解質二次電池の正極活物質の製造方法であって、
少なくともNi塩とCo塩とを含む水溶液と、前記添加金属元素の塩を含む水溶液と、アンモニウムイオン供給体を含む水溶液と、pH調整剤とを反応槽内で混合し、前記混合した液中にて共沈反応をさせて粗製ニッケル複合水酸化物を得る中和反応工程であり、前記粗製ニッケル複合水酸化物の、CuKα線を使用した粉末X線回折測定における2θ=8.0±2.0°の範囲に現れる回折ピークのピーク強度をα´、CuKα線を使用した粉末X線回折測定における2θ=19.0±2.0°の範囲に現れる回折ピークのピーク強度をβ´としたとき、β´/α´の値が13.0以下となるように、前記混合した液のアンモニア濃度と液温40℃基準のpHとを制御する、中和反応工程と、
前記中和反応工程で得られた前記粗製ニッケル複合水酸化物をアルカリ水溶液で洗浄後、固液分離して、前記ニッケル複合水酸化物を得る固液分離工程と、
得られた前記ニッケル複合水酸化物にリチウム化合物を添加して、前記リチウム化合物と前記ニッケル複合水酸化物の混合物を得る工程、または得られた前記ニッケル複合水酸化物を酸化処理してニッケル複合酸化物を調製後、リチウム化合物を添加して、前記リチウム化合物と前記ニッケル複合酸化物の混合物を得る工程と、
前記混合物を焼成する工程と、
を含む、非水電解質二次電池の正極活物質の製造方法。
[12][1]乃至[4]のいずれか1つに記載のニッケル複合水酸化物とリチウム化合物を添加して混合物を得る工程、または[1]乃至[4]のいずれか1つに記載のニッケル複合水酸化物を酸化処理してニッケル複合酸化物を調製後、リチウム化合物を添加して、前記リチウム化合物と前記ニッケル複合酸化物の混合物を得る工程と、前記混合物を焼成する工程と、を含む非水電解質二次電池の正極活物質の製造方法。
実施例1のニッケル複合水酸化物の製造
硫酸ニッケルと硫酸コバルトと硫酸アルミニウムとを所定割合にて溶解した水溶液と、硫酸アンモニウム水溶液(アンモニウムイオン供給体)と、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を反応槽へ滴下して、反応槽内の混合液のpHを液温40℃基準で12.1、アンモニア濃度を9.5g/Lに維持しながら、撹拌機により連続的に撹拌した。また、反応槽内の混合液の液温は40.0℃に維持した。中和反応により生成した粗製ニッケル複合水酸化物は、反応槽内に10.2時間滞留させた後、反応槽のオーバーフロー管からオーバーフローさせて、懸濁物として取り出した。懸濁物の一部をろ過後、純水で洗浄して、固液分離し、乾燥処理を施して上記粗製ニッケル複合水酸化物の粉末X線回折測定を行った。この時点での上記粗製ニッケル複合水酸化物のβ´/α´は13.0以下になっていることを確認した。取り出した上記粗製ニッケル複合水酸化物の懸濁物を、ろ過後、アルカリ水溶液(8質量%の水酸化ナトリウム水溶液)で洗浄して、固液分離した。その後、分離した固相に対して水洗し、さらに、脱水、乾燥の各処理を施して、粉体状の精製ニッケル複合水酸化物を得た。
硫酸ニッケルと硫酸コバルトと硫酸アルミニウムの割合を変更し、反応槽内の混合液のpHを液温40℃基準で12.0、アンモニア濃度を9.0g/Lに維持した以外は、実施例1と同様にして、粉体状の精製ニッケル複合水酸化物を得た。
反応槽内の混合液のpHを液温40℃基準で12.7、アンモニア濃度を12.0g/Lに維持し、懸濁物として取り出した時点での粗製ニッケル複合水酸化物のβ´/α´が13.0より大きくなっていることを確認した以外は実施例1、2と同様にして、粉体状の精製ニッケル複合水酸化物を得た。
(1)ニッケル複合水酸化物の組成分析
組成分析は、得られたニッケル複合水酸化物を塩酸に溶解させた後、誘導結合プラズマ発光分析装置(株式会社パーキンエルマージャパン製、Optima7300DV)を用いて行った。
粒度分布測定装置(堀場製作所株式会社製、LA-950)で測定した(原理はレーザ回折・散乱法)。
タップデンサー(株式会社セイシン製、KYT-4000)を用いて、JISR1628に記載の手法のうち、定容積測定法によって、タップ密度の測定を行った。
ニッケル複合水酸化物1gを窒素雰囲気中、105℃で30分間乾燥させた後、比表面積測定装置(株式会社マウンテック製、Macsorb)を用い、1点BET法によって測定した。
実施例1、2と比較例のニッケル複合水酸化物のうち、D90以上の二次粒子径を有するニッケル複合水酸化物を気流分級によって分取した。分取したD90以上の二次粒子径を有するニッケル複合水酸化物について、D90は実施例1で20.1μm、実施例2で22.5μm、比較例で22.6μmとなり、分取前のニッケル複合水酸化物のD90よりも大きな値となった。D90以上の二次粒子径を有するニッケル複合水酸化物について、CuKα線を使用した粉末X線回折測定における2θ=8.0±2.0°の範囲に現れる回折ピークのピーク強度、CuKα線を使用した粉末X線回折測定における2θ=19.0±2.0°の範囲に現れる回折ピークのピーク強度を、それぞれ、測定した。具体的には、粉末X線回折測定は、X線回折装置(株式会社リガク製、UltimaIV)を用いて行った。D90以上の二次粒子径を有するニッケル複合水酸化物の粉末を専用の基板に充填し、Cu-Kα線源(40kV/40mA)を用いて、回折角2θ=5°~80°、サンプリング幅0.03°、スキャンスピード20°/minの条件にて測定を行うことで、粉末X線回折図形を得た。統合粉末X線解析ソフトウェアPDXLを用いて平滑化処理やバックグラウンド除去処理を行い、前記粉末X線回折図形から8.0±2.0°の範囲に現れる回折ピークのピーク強度α、19.0±2.0°の範囲に現れる回折ピークのピーク強度βを測定し、ピーク強度比β/αを算出した。
実施例1、2と比較例のニッケル複合水酸化物のうち、実施例1と比較例のニッケル複合水酸化物を用いて正極活物質を製造した。正極活物質を製造する際には、予め、ニッケル複合水酸化物を酸化処理してニッケル複合酸化物に調製する工程を実施した。酸化処理は、大気雰囲気下、690℃の温度で5時間焼成し、実施例1と比較例のニッケル複合酸化物を調製した。その後、実施例1と比較例のニッケル複合酸化物に、それぞれ、Li/(Ni+Co+Al)のモル比が1.07となるように、水酸化リチウム粉末を添加して混合して、ニッケル複合水酸化物と水酸化リチウムの混合粉を得た。得られた混合粉に対して焼成処理を行って、リチウム金属複合酸化物粒子を得た。焼成条件は、酸素雰囲気下、焼成温度700℃、昇温速度200℃/h、焼成時間6時間とした。また、焼成には、ボックス炉を用いた。
(1)放電容量
下記条件にて充放電を行い、初回充放電の放電容量を放電容量とした。なお、放電容量は、実施例を100とした比率にて評価した。
試験温度:25℃
充電最大電圧4.3V、充電電流0.2C、定電流定電圧充電
放電最小電圧2.5V、放電電流0.2C、定電流放電
(2)充放電効率
充放電効率は上記充放電試験における初回の充電容量に対する初回の放電容量の比率を充放電効率とした。なお、充放電効率は、実施例を100とした比率にて評価した。
(3)レート特性
レート特性は1.0Cを200mAh/gとし、下記条件にて充放電を行い、3.0Cにおける放電容量をレート特性とした。なお、レート特性は、実施例を100とした比率にて評価した。
試験温度:25℃
充電最大電圧4.3V、充電電流1.0C、定電流定電圧充電
放電最小電圧2.5V、放電電流3.0C、定電流放電
Claims (12)
- Niと、Coと、Mn、Al、Fe及びTiからなる群から選択される1種以上の添加金属元素Mと、を含む、非水電解質二次電池の正極活物質の前駆体であるニッケル複合水酸化物であって、
累積体積百分率が90体積%の二次粒子径(D90)以上の二次粒子径である前記ニッケル複合水酸化物の、CuKα線を使用した粉末X線回折測定における2θ=8.0±2.0°の範囲に現れる回折ピークのピーク強度をα、CuKα線を使用した粉末X線回折測定における2θ=19.0±2.0°の範囲に現れる回折ピークのピーク強度をβとしたとき、β/αの値が、13.0以下であるニッケル複合水酸化物。 - タップ密度が、1.50g/ml以上1.90g/ml以下である請求項1に記載のニッケル複合水酸化物。
- BET比表面積が、30m2/g以上60m2/g以下である請求項1または2に記載のニッケル複合水酸化物。
- Ni:Co:Mのモル比が、1-x-y:x:y
(0<x≦0.2、0<y≦0.1を意味する。)である請求項1乃至3のいずれか1項に記載のニッケル複合水酸化物。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載のニッケル複合水酸化物がリチウム化合物と焼成された、非水電解質二次電池の正極活物質。
- Niと、Coと、Mn、Al、Fe及びTiからなる群から選択される1種以上の添加金属元素Mと、を含む、非水電解質二次電池の正極活物質の前駆体であるニッケル複合水酸化物の製造方法であって、
少なくともNi塩とCo塩と前記添加金属元素の塩とを含む水溶液と、アンモニウムイオン供給体を含む水溶液と、pH調整剤とを反応槽内で混合し、前記混合した液中にて共沈反応をさせて粗製ニッケル複合水酸化物を得る中和反応工程であり、前記粗製ニッケル複合水酸化物の、CuKα線を使用した粉末X線回折測定における2θ=8.0±2.0°の範囲に現れる回折ピークのピーク強度をα´、CuKα線を使用した粉末X線回折測定における2θ=19.0±2.0°の範囲に現れる回折ピークのピーク強度をβ´としたとき、β´/ α´の値が13.0以下となるように、前記混合した液のアンモニア濃度と液温40℃基準のpHとを制御する、中和反応工程と、
前記中和反応工程で得られた前記粗製ニッケル複合水酸化物をアルカリ水溶液で洗浄後、固液分離して、前記ニッケル複合水酸化物を得る固液分離工程と、
を含む、ニッケル複合水酸化物の製造方法。 - Ni:Co:Mのモル比が、1-x-y:x:y
(0<x≦0.2、0<y≦0.1を意味する。)である請求項6に記載のニッケル複合水酸化物の製造方法。 - 前記アンモニア濃度が12.0g/L未満、前記液温40℃基準のpHが11.0以上12.5以下である請求項6または7に記載のニッケル複合水酸化物の製造方法。
- 前記固液分離工程において、前記固液分離後に、固相を水洗する請求項6乃至8のいずれか1項に記載のニッケル複合水酸化物の製造方法。
- 前記固液分離工程後に、さらに、前記ニッケル複合水酸化物を乾燥する乾燥工程を含む請求項6乃至9のいずれか1項に記載のニッケル複合水酸化物の製造方法。
- Niと、Coと、Mn、Al、Fe及びTiからなる群から選択される1種以上の添加金属元素Mと、を含む、ニッケル複合水酸化物を前駆体に用いた、非水電解質二次電池の正極活物質の製造方法であって、
少なくともNi塩とCo塩とを含む水溶液と、前記添加金属元素の塩を含む水溶液とpH調整剤と、アンモニウムイオン供給体を含む水溶液と、を反応槽内で混合し、前記混合した液中にて共沈反応をさせて粗製ニッケル複合水酸化物を得る中和反応工程であり、前記粗製ニッケル複合水酸化物の、CuKα線を使用した粉末X線回折測定における2θ=8.0±2.0°の範囲に現れる回折ピークのピーク強度をα´、CuKα線を使用した粉末X線回折測定における2θ=19.0±2.0°の範囲に現れる回折ピークのピーク強度をβ´としたとき、β´/α´の値が13.0以下となるように、前記混合した液のアンモニア濃度と液温40℃基準のpHとを制御する、中和反応工程と、
前記中和反応工程で得られた前記粗製ニッケル複合水酸化物をアルカリ水溶液で洗浄後、固液分離して、前記ニッケル複合水酸化物を得る固液分離工程と、
得られた前記ニッケル複合水酸化物にリチウム化合物を添加して、前記リチウム化合物と前記ニッケル複合水酸化物の混合物を得る工程、または得られた前記ニッケル複合水酸化物を酸化処理してニッケル複合酸化物を調製後、リチウム化合物を添加して、前記リチウム化合物と前記ニッケル複合酸化物の混合物を得る工程と、
前記混合物を焼成する工程と、
を含む、非水電解質二次電池の正極活物質の製造方法。 - 請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載のニッケル複合水酸化物とリチウム化合物を添加して混合物を得る工程、または請求項1乃至4のいずれか1項に記載のニッケル複合水酸化物を酸化処理してニッケル複合酸化物を調製後、リチウム化合物を添加して、前記リチウム化合物と前記ニッケル複合酸化物の混合物を得る工程と、前記混合物を焼成する工程と、を含む非水電解質二次電池の正極活物質の製造方法。
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| WO2025013762A1 (ja) * | 2023-07-11 | 2025-01-16 | 株式会社田中化学研究所 | 金属複合水酸化物粉末、リチウム二次電池用正極活物質の製造方法及び金属複合水酸化物粉末の製造方法 |
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