WO2021033355A1 - ロボットの制御装置、ロボットの制御方法、及びプログラム - Google Patents
ロボットの制御装置、ロボットの制御方法、及びプログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021033355A1 WO2021033355A1 PCT/JP2020/009735 JP2020009735W WO2021033355A1 WO 2021033355 A1 WO2021033355 A1 WO 2021033355A1 JP 2020009735 W JP2020009735 W JP 2020009735W WO 2021033355 A1 WO2021033355 A1 WO 2021033355A1
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- Prior art keywords
- robot
- radar
- worker
- area
- reflected
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Program-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Program controls
- B25J9/1674—Program controls characterised by safety, monitoring, diagnostic
- B25J9/1676—Avoiding collision or forbidden zones
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J13/00—Controls for manipulators
- B25J13/08—Controls for manipulators by means of sensing devices, e.g. viewing or touching devices
- B25J13/086—Proximity sensors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J19/00—Accessories fitted to manipulators, e.g. for monitoring, for viewing; Safety devices combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with manipulators
- B25J19/02—Sensing devices
- B25J19/027—Electromagnetic sensing devices
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J19/00—Accessories fitted to manipulators, e.g. for monitoring, for viewing; Safety devices combined with or specially adapted for use in connection with manipulators
- B25J19/06—Safety devices
- B25J19/061—Safety devices with audible signals
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
- B25J—MANIPULATORS; CHAMBERS PROVIDED WITH MANIPULATION DEVICES
- B25J9/00—Program-controlled manipulators
- B25J9/16—Program controls
- B25J9/1694—Program controls characterised by use of sensors other than normal servo-feedback from position, speed or acceleration sensors, perception control, multi-sensor controlled systems, sensor fusion
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/40—Robotics, robotics mapping to robotics vision
- G05B2219/40201—Detect contact, collision with human
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/40—Robotics, robotics mapping to robotics vision
- G05B2219/40202—Human robot coexistence
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a technique for controlling a robot.
- the radar sensor irradiates radio waves in the millimeter wave band (radar waves) and receives radio waves (reflected waves) reflected by an object existing in the irradiation range to detect the presence or absence of an object, the position of the object, and the like.
- radar waves radio waves in the millimeter wave band
- reflected waves radio waves
- the reflected power when an object reflects radar waves differs depending on the material and shape of the object.
- work equipment such as a workbench made of a material with strong reflection power (for example, metal)
- the reflection power of the work equipment works. It may be greater than the reflex power of the person (human body). Therefore, even if the worker's arm or the like is located in the vicinity of the work equipment, the weak reflected wave from the worker's arm or the like may be buried in the strong reflected wave from the work equipment.
- the radar sensor is installed at an inappropriate position, the above phenomenon is likely to occur. In such a case, it may not be possible to properly detect the position of the worker's arm or the like existing in the vicinity of the work equipment, and thereby the interference between the robot and the worker can be appropriately suppressed. It may disappear.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to suppress inadvertent interference between the robot and the worker when the robot and the worker work together.
- Technology is to be provided.
- the present invention is a robot control device that monitors a collaborative area between a robot and a worker by using a radar wave and controls the robot based on the monitoring result.
- An object with strong reflection power that makes it difficult to properly detect the position of the worker (or a part of the worker's body) existing in the collaboration area was detected in the collaboration area.
- a process for suppressing inadvertent interference between the robot and the operator is executed.
- the present invention is a control device for a robot that works in collaboration with an operator.
- the control device is generated by transmitting a radar wave to a collaborative area, which is an area where a worker and a robot collaborate to work, and reflecting the radar wave on an object in the collaborative area.
- a radar transmission / reception unit that receives reflected waves
- a radar data processing unit that calculates the reflected power of an object existing in the collaborative area based on the reflected waves received by the radar transmission / reception unit, and the radar data processing.
- Control to execute an interference suppression process which is a process for suppressing interference between the robot and the worker, when an object whose reflection power calculated by the unit is equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold value exists in the collaboration area. It has a part and.
- the "predetermined threshold” referred to here is received by the radar transmitter / receiver when, for example, a part of the worker's human body (for example, an arm) is present in the vicinity of an object having a reflection power equal to or higher than the predetermined threshold. It is a value that is assumed to be difficult to detect the position of the worker's arm or the like based on the reflected wave, and is a value that is predetermined by the fitting work based on the results of experiments and simulations.
- a radar wave is irradiated from the radar transmitter / receiver toward the collaboration area. Then, even if the worker's arm or the like is present in the vicinity of the strong reflector, the reflected wave from the arm or the like is buried in the reflected wave from the strong reflector, so that the worker's arm or the like is buried. It may be difficult to separate the reflected wave from the arm or the like from the reflected wave from the strong reflector. In such a case, it may be difficult to detect the position of the worker's arm or the like existing in the collaboration area.
- control device executes the interference suppression process when it is detected that the strong reflector exists in the collaborative area.
- careless interference between the robot and the worker can be suppressed even when it is difficult to appropriately detect the position of the worker's arm or the like existing in the vicinity of the strong reflector.
- the interference suppression process may include a process of stopping the operation of the robot. According to this, when it is difficult to appropriately detect the position of the worker's arm or the like existing in the vicinity of the strong reflector, the interference between the robot and the worker can be suppressed.
- the interference suppression process may include a process for calling attention to the worker.
- the process of calling attention to the worker is, for example, a process of sounding a warning sound, a process of turning on a warning light, a process of displaying a warning message, or a process of outputting a voice.
- the work equipment as described above may have a material (for example, metal or the like) or a shape (for example, a shape in which a flat surface occupies a large proportion of the outer wall surface) in which the reflection power tends to be strong. Therefore, the radar is perpendicular to the above-mentioned work equipment (for example, a part of the radar wave emitted from the radar transmitter / receiver is perpendicular to the work equipment (the incident angle is at a right angle)). When the transmitter / receiver is installed, the reflected power of the work equipment may exceed a predetermined threshold.
- radar transmission / reception is performed in a state of being inclined with respect to the work equipment (for example, a state in which the radar wave emitted from the radar transmission / reception unit does not hit the work equipment vertically (a state in which the incident angle is not vertical)).
- the radar cross section (RCS: Radar cross-section) of the work equipment becomes smaller, so that the reflection power of the work equipment can be lowered below a predetermined threshold. This makes it possible to detect the position of a worker's arm or the like existing in the vicinity of the work equipment even in an environment where the work equipment as described above is arranged in the collaborative area.
- the radar transmitter / receiver when the radar transmitter / receiver is installed in a factory or the like, it is said that the radar transmitter / receiver is installed in an appropriate state (for example, the inclination angle with respect to the work equipment, the distance from the work equipment, etc.). Not exclusively.
- the predetermined threshold value when the work equipment used when the robot and the worker collaborate to perform work is installed in the collaborative area, the predetermined threshold value However, it may be set to a value larger than the reflected power of the work equipment when the radar transmission / reception unit is installed in an appropriate state. As a result, even if the reflected power of the work equipment exceeds a predetermined threshold due to the fact that the radar transmission / reception unit is not installed in an appropriate state, the robot and the operator are careless. Interference can be suppressed. When it is detected that a strong reflector exists in the collaborative area, if the strong reflector is the work equipment, the control unit will perform the radar transmission / reception unit in addition to the interference suppression process.
- a process for prompting the worker to adjust the installation state of the above (hereinafter, may be referred to as “adjustment request process”) may be executed.
- the adjustment request process is, for example, a process of displaying character information or the like prompting the worker to adjust the installation state of the radar transmission / reception unit on a display or the like, or a voice prompting the worker to adjust the installation state of the radar transmission / reception unit.
- This is a process of outputting a message or the like from a speaker or the like.
- the operator can adjust the installation state of the radar transmission / reception unit, so that the subsequent decrease in work efficiency can be suppressed.
- the above-mentioned work equipment is, for example, for partitioning a workbench, a box or shelf for storing tools, a box or shelf for storing parts, an operation panel for operating various devices, and a collaboration area. Walls or fences, etc.
- the present invention can also be regarded as a control method for a robot that works in collaboration with a worker.
- the present invention transmits a radar wave to a collaborative area where the worker and the robot collaborate to work, and the radar wave is reflected by an object in the collaborative area.
- a radar data processing step that calculates the reflected power of an object existing in the collaborative area based on the reflected wave received in the radar transmission / reception step, and a radar data processing step that receives the generated reflected wave.
- Interference suppression processing that suppresses interference between the robot and the operator when an object whose reflected power calculated in the radar data processing step is equal to or greater than a predetermined threshold exists in the collaboration area. It can also be regarded as a control method of a robot having a control step for executing.
- the present invention can also be regarded as a program for realizing such a method and a recording medium in which the program is recorded non-temporarily. It should be noted that each of the above configurations and treatments can be combined with each other as much as possible to construct the present invention.
- the control device 1 has data (cooperation area Ac) obtained by a radar sensor 10 installed above (for example, the ceiling 5) an area (cooperation area Ac) where the robot 2 and the worker 3 collaborate with each other. It is a device that controls the robot 2 according to the position of an object existing in the robot (the position of the object, the reflected power of the object, etc.). Such a control device 1 controls the operating speed of the robot 2 or the like in a factory or the like where parts assembling work or the like is performed in collaboration with the robot 2 and the worker 3. For example, when the distance between the robot 2 and the worker 3 in the collaborative area Ac is relatively short, the control device 1 reduces the operating speed of the robot 2 or stops the operation of the robot 2.
- the shape is made of a material having a relative permittivity larger than that of the human body of the worker 3 (for example, metal) and the radar cross section of the radar wave tends to be large (for example, the upper surface is).
- a workbench 4 having a shape formed by a flat surface extending in the horizontal direction is installed in the collaborative area Ac, if the radar sensor 10 is not installed in an appropriate state, the workbench 4 It may be difficult for the radar sensor 10 to separate the reflected wave from the worker 3 and the reflected wave from the human body of the worker 3.
- the radar sensor 10 is installed in a state where a part of the radar wave emitted from the radar sensor 10 hits the upper surface of the workbench 4 perpendicularly (the incident angle is vertical), the workbench 4 is installed. Since the radar cross section is relatively large, the reflection power of the workbench 4 may become excessive compared to the reflection power of the human body of the worker 3. As a result, even when the arm or the like of the worker 3 is present in the vicinity of the workbench 4, the reflected wave from the arm or the like of the worker 3 is buried in the strong reflected wave from the workbench 4, and the worker It may be difficult to properly detect the position of the arm or the like of 3.
- the radar sensor 10 is tilted with respect to the upper surface of the workbench 4 so that the radar wave emitted from the radar sensor 10 does not hit the upper surface of the workbench 4 perpendicularly (the incident angle is not vertical). It is preferable to install it in a state. However, in factories and the like, the radar sensor 10 is not always installed in an appropriate state, and it is difficult to properly detect the position of the arm or the like of the worker 3 existing in the vicinity of the workbench 4. There is also the possibility of becoming.
- the control device 1 in this example detects that an object having a reflection power equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold exists in the collaborative area Ac from the data obtained by the radar sensor 10, it works with the robot 2. It is characterized in that a process for suppressing interference with the person 3 (interference suppression process) is performed. As a result, the position of a part (for example, an arm) of the human body of the worker 3 existing in the collaborative area Ac due to the improper installation state of the radar sensor 10 or the like is appropriately detected. Even if a difficult situation occurs, careless interference between the robot 2 and the worker 3 can be suppressed.
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a configuration example of the control device 1 according to the present embodiment.
- the control device 1 includes a radar sensor 10 and a control unit 11.
- the radar sensor 10 is, for example, a sensor that detects the position of an object existing in the target area and the reflected power of the object by using radio waves (radar waves) in the millimeter wave band.
- the radar sensor 10 detects the position of the object, the reflected power of the object, and the like, with the collaboration area Ac between the robot 2 and the worker 3 as the target area.
- the control unit 11 determines whether it is possible to appropriately detect the position of the arm or the like of the worker 3 existing in the collaborative area Ac based on the reflected power of the object detected by the radar sensor 10. .. Then, when it is determined that the position of the arm or the like of the worker 3 existing in the collaboration area Ac cannot be appropriately detected, the control unit 11 carelessly between the robot 2 and the worker 3. Execute a process for suppressing interference (interference suppression process).
- the radar sensor 10 is, for example, an FMCW (Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave) type radar sensor.
- the radar sensor 10 may be a radar sensor other than the FMCW type (for example, a pulse Doppler type radar sensor).
- the radar sensor 10 in this example includes a radar transmission / reception unit 10a and a radar data processing unit 10b.
- the radar transmission / reception unit 10a includes, for example, a synthesizer 101, a transmission antenna 102, a reception antenna 103, and a mixer 104.
- the synthesizer 101 generates a chirp signal.
- a chirp signal is a signal whose frequency increases or decreases with time.
- the transmitting antenna 102 transmits a radar wave having a frequency corresponding to the chirp signal. At that time, the transmitting antenna 102 transmits a radar wave toward the collaborative area Ac.
- the receiving antenna 103 receives the reflected wave generated by the radar wave transmitted from the transmitting antenna 102 reflected by an object in the collaborative area Ac.
- the receiving antenna 103 may be configured to include a plurality of antennas.
- the receiving antenna 103 may be configured to include a plurality of antennas that are arranged to be displaced in the horizontal direction and antennas that are arranged to be displaced in the vertical direction. In that case, the receiving antenna 103 can detect the position of the object existing in the collaborative area Ac in three dimensions.
- the mixer 104 combines the chirp signal generated by the synthesizer 101 with the reflected wave signal received by the receiving antenna 103 to generate an intermediate frequency signal.
- the intermediate frequency signal is output to the radar data processing unit 10b, which will be described later, together with the signal of the reflected wave received by the receiving antenna 103 and the like.
- the radar transmission / reception unit 10a may have a filter for removing unnecessary signal components from the intermediate frequency signal and an A / D converter.
- FIG. 4 shows the intensity of the reflected wave from the workbench 4 and the worker 3 when the radar wave is transmitted from the radar transmission / reception unit 10a in a state where the arm of the worker 3 is present near the upper surface of the workbench 4. It is a figure which shows the intensity of the reflected wave from the arm of.
- FIG. 4 The horizontal axis in FIG. 4 indicates the distance from one end of the collaborative area Ac, and the vertical axis in FIG. 4 indicates the intensity of the reflected wave.
- FIG. 4A shows a case where the radar transmission / reception unit 10a is installed in a state perpendicular to the upper surface of the workbench 4
- FIG. 4B shows a case where the radar transmission / reception unit 10a is installed on the workbench 4 It shows the case where it is installed in an inclined state with respect to the upper surface of.
- d1 to d2 in FIG. 4 indicate the range in which the workbench 4 is installed in the collaborative area Ac.
- the radar transmission / reception unit 10a when the radar transmission / reception unit 10a is installed in an inclined state with respect to the upper surface of the workbench 4 ((b) in FIG. 4), the radar transmission / reception unit 10a is installed with respect to the upper surface of the workbench 4.
- the intensity of the reflected wave from the workbench 4 (solid line in FIG. 4) is smaller than that in the case where the workbench is installed vertically ((a) in FIG. 4). This is because when the radar transmission / reception unit 10a is installed in an inclined state with respect to the upper surface of the workbench 4, the radar transmission / reception unit 10a is installed in a state perpendicular to the upper surface of the workbench 4.
- the radar cross section of the radar wave on the upper surface of the workbench 4 becomes smaller, and the reflectance of the radar wave on the upper surface of the workbench 4 becomes smaller accordingly. Therefore, when the radar transmission / reception unit 10a is installed in an inclined state with respect to the upper surface of the workbench 4, the work is performed as compared with the case where the radar transmission / reception unit 10a is installed in a state perpendicular to the upper surface of the workbench 4. The difference between the intensity of the reflected wave from the platform 4 and the intensity of the reflected wave from the arm of the worker 3 (one-dot chain line in FIG. 4) becomes small.
- the radar transmission / reception unit 10a when the radar transmission / reception unit 10a is installed in an inclined state with respect to the upper surface of the workbench 4, the radar transmission / reception unit 10a is installed in a state perpendicular to the upper surface of the workbench 4. It can be said that it is easy to separate the reflected wave from the workbench 4 and the reflected wave from the arm or the like of the worker 3. For this reason, in an environment where the workbench 4 is installed in the collaboration area Ac, by installing the radar transmission / reception unit 10a in a state of being inclined with respect to the upper surface of the workbench 4, the vicinity of the upper surface of the workbench 4 is provided. It becomes possible to appropriately detect the position of the arm or the like of the worker 3 existing in the.
- the appropriate inclination angle of the radar transmission / reception unit 10a with respect to the upper surface of the workbench 4 varies depending on the material and shape of the workbench 4, the separation resolution of the radar sensor 10, the distance between the radar transmission / reception unit 10a and the workbench 4, and the like. Therefore, it is preferable to determine in consideration of those factors. Further, in an environment where a plurality of work equipments are arranged in the collaboration area Ac, radar transmission / reception is possible in a state where the reflected waves from all the work equipments and the reflected waves from the human body of the worker 3 can be separated.
- the part 10a may be installed.
- the location of the radar transmission / reception unit 10a is not limited to the upper part of the workbench 4, and may be on the side of the workbench 4. In short, as long as the radar transmission / reception unit 10a is installed in a state where the reflected wave from the work equipment and the reflected wave from the human body of the worker 3 existing in the vicinity of the work equipment can be separated, the radar transmission / reception The installation location of the part 10a can be changed as appropriate.
- the radar data processing unit 10b performs detection processing of an object existing in the collaborative area Ac based on the intermediate frequency signal, the reflected wave signal, and the like output from the radar transmission / reception unit 10a. Do. For example, the radar data processing unit 10b calculates the position of an object existing in the collaborative area Ac, the reflected power of the object, and the like by analyzing the intermediate frequency signal and the reflected wave signal from the radar transmission / reception unit 10a. .. Known techniques can be used for these calculations.
- the reflected power in this example is the intensity of the reflected wave reflected from the object toward the receiving antenna 103 (the radio wave intensity of the reflected wave received by the receiving antenna 103), and is a parameter that correlates with the radar cross section.
- the received power when the receiving antenna 103 receives the reflected wave and the reflectance (the reflected wave of the receiving antenna 103 with respect to the transmission power when the radar wave is transmitted from the transmitting antenna 102). (Ratio to the received power when receiving) and the like may be used.
- the control unit 11 is, for example, a computer including a processor and a memory.
- the processor is, for example, a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a DSP (Digital Signal Processor), or the like.
- the memory is a computer-readable recording medium, such as RAM (Random Access Memory), ROM (Read Only Memory), EPROM (Erasable Programmable ROM), hard disk drive (HDD, Hard Disk Drive), removable media, and the like. is there.
- Various programs and the like are stored in the memory.
- the processor executes the program stored in the memory, and various functional configurations are realized through the execution of this program. As a result, the control unit 11 realizes a function that meets a predetermined purpose.
- the control unit 11 may be composed of a plurality of computers.
- the control unit 11 in this example includes a determination unit 11a, a data output unit 11b, a robot control unit 11c, and a warning unit 11d as its functional components. These functional components are realized, for example, by the processor executing various programs stored in the memory.
- the determination unit 11a determines whether the position of the arm or the like of the worker 3 existing in the collaboration area Ac can be appropriately detected based on the reflected power calculated by the radar data processing unit 10b. For example, the determination unit 11a first determines whether an object (strong reflector) having a reflection power equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold value exists in the collaboration area Ac.
- the "predetermined threshold value” here means, for example, the position of the arm or the like of the worker 3 existing in the vicinity of the work equipment when the reflected power of the work equipment such as the workbench 4 becomes equal to or more than the predetermined threshold value. It is a value that is expected to be difficult to detect by the radar sensor 10.
- the predetermined threshold is the reflected wave from the work equipment and the arm of the worker 3 existing in the vicinity of the work equipment when the reflected power of the work equipment such as the work table 4 becomes equal to or more than the predetermined threshold. It is a value that is assumed to be difficult to separate the reflected wave from the above and the like by the radar sensor 10.
- the optimum value of such a predetermined threshold value differs depending on the material and shape of the work equipment such as the workbench 4, the separation resolution of the radar sensor 10, the distance between the radar transmission / reception unit 10a and the work equipment, and the like.
- the separation resolution of the radar sensor 10 can be grasped in advance, when the radar sensor 10 is installed in a factory or the like, the reflection power of the work equipment such as the work table 4 or the reflection power of the arm of the worker 3 or the like Etc. may be measured, and a predetermined threshold value may be determined based on the measured values. Then, when an object having a reflection power equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold value thus determined exists in the collaborative area Ac, the determination unit 11a of the worker 3 existing in the collaborative area Ac. It is determined that the position of the arm or the like cannot be detected properly.
- the predetermined threshold value is set in an appropriate state of the radar sensor 10 (for example, the upper surface of the workbench 4). It may be set to a value larger than the reflected power of the workbench 4 when it is installed in an inclined state with respect to the above.
- the predetermined threshold value is set in this way, if the reflected power of the workbench 4 is equal to or higher than the predetermined threshold value, the determination unit 11a can determine that the installation state of the radar sensor 10 is not appropriate. ..
- the data output unit 11b outputs a command to the robot control unit 11c and the warning unit 11d according to the determination result by the determination unit 11a. For example, when it is determined by the determination unit 11a that the position of the arm or the like of the worker 3 existing in the collaboration area Ac can be appropriately detected (or the installation state of the radar sensor 10 is appropriate). If it is determined), the data output unit 11b outputs a command for operating the robot 2 as usual to the robot control unit 11c described later.
- the radar sensor 10 detects the position. If the position of the robot 2 and the position of the arm or the like of the worker 3 are relatively close (for example, if the distance between the two is less than or equal to a predetermined distance), the data output unit 11b causes the robot 2 to operate at a speed higher than usual. A command for slowing down may be output to the robot control unit 11c.
- the "predetermined distance” here means that, for example, if the robot 2 performs a subsequent operation or the worker 3 moves from the current position, the robot 2 and the worker 3 may interfere with each other. It is the assumed distance, or the distance obtained by adding a predetermined margin to the distance, and is a distance predetermined by the fitting work based on the results of experiments and simulations.
- the data output unit 11b outputs a command for performing the interference suppression process to the robot control unit 11c and the warning unit 11d.
- the interference suppression process is, for example, a process of stopping the operation of the robot 2, a process of issuing a warning to the worker 3 to call attention, and the like. In this example, all of these processes may be executed as the interference suppression process, and only one of these processes may be executed as the interference suppression process.
- the data output unit 11b gives a command to stop the operation of the robot 2. At least one of a process of outputting the above to the robot control unit 11c and a process of outputting a command for issuing a warning to call attention to the worker 3 to the warning unit 11d may be executed.
- the determination unit 11a determines that the installation state of the radar sensor 10 is not appropriate
- the data output unit 11b adjusts the installation state of the radar sensor 10 to the worker 3 in addition to the above processing.
- a process of outputting a command for issuing a urging warning to the warning unit 11d may be performed.
- the robot control unit 11c controls the robot 2 according to a command output from the data output unit 11b. For example, when a command for making the operating speed of the robot 2 slower than usual is output from the data output unit 11b, the robot control unit 11c causes the robot 2 to make the operating speed of the robot 2 slower than usual. To control. Further, when a command for stopping the operation of the robot 2 is output from the data output unit 11b, the robot control unit 11c controls the robot 2 so that the robot 2 is stopped.
- the warning unit 11d outputs a warning according to a command output from the data output unit 11b.
- the warning unit 11d is provided with a warning light and / or a speaker, and according to a command from the data output unit 11b, the warning light is turned on, a warning sound is emitted from the speaker, and a warning message sound is output from the speaker. To do.
- the determination unit 11a determines that the position of the arm or the like of the worker 3 existing in the collaboration area Ac cannot be appropriately detected, the worker 3 is notified. It is possible to call attention to interference with the robot 2.
- the warning unit 11d may output a voice message prompting the adjustment of the installation state of the radar sensor 10 from the speaker, and the radar may be used. Character information prompting the adjustment of the installation state of the sensor 10 may be displayed on a display or the like. As a result, the worker 3 can adjust the installation state of the radar sensor 10.
- FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing a flow of processing that is repeatedly executed by the control device 1 when the robot 2 and the worker 3 are working together.
- the control device 1 executes transmission / reception processing (step S101). For example, a chirp signal is generated by the synthesizer 101 of the radar transmission / reception unit 10a, and a radar wave having a frequency corresponding to the generated chirp signal is transmitted from the transmitting antenna 102 toward the collaborative area Ac.
- the radar wave transmitted from the transmitting antenna 102 is reflected by an object existing in the collaborative area Ac to generate a reflected wave, the reflected wave is received by the receiving antenna 103.
- the mixer 104 generates an intermediate frequency signal by combining the radar wave transmitted from the transmitting antenna 102 and the reflected wave received by the receiving antenna 103.
- the intermediate frequency signal generated by the mixer 104 is passed to the radar data processing unit 10b together with the signal of the reflected wave received by the receiving antenna 103 and the like.
- the radar data processing unit 10b executes detection processing of an object existing in the collaboration area Ac based on the signal received from the radar transmission / reception unit 10a (step S102).
- the radar data processing unit 10b exists in the collaborative area Ac by performing frequency analysis using a fast Fourier transform (FFT) or the like on an intermediate frequency signal, a reflected wave signal, or the like.
- FFT fast Fourier transform
- Detect information about an object That is, the radar data processing unit 10b detects the existence of an object existing in the collaborative area Ac based on the frequency distribution of the reflected wave signal and the intermediate frequency signal, and at the same time, the position (distance and orientation) of the detected object. ) Is calculated.
- the radar data processing unit 10b calculates the reflected power of the reflected wave based on the signal received from the radar transmission / reception unit 10a.
- a parameter that correlates with the reflected power for example, the received power or the reflectance may be calculated.
- Known techniques can be used to calculate these parameters.
- Information on the position and reflected power of the object detected by the above detection process is passed to the determination unit 11a of the control unit 11.
- the determination unit 11a determines whether it is detected that an object (strong reflector) having a reflection power equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold value exists in the collaborative area Ac based on the information received from the radar data processing unit 10b. (Step S103).
- the “predetermined threshold” here appropriately refers to the arm or the like of the worker 3 existing in the vicinity of the object. It is a value that is expected to be difficult to detect.
- the control device 1 executes a process (normal process) for controlling the robot 2 as usual.
- Step S107 the data output unit 11b calculates the distance between the robot 2 and the worker 3 based on the position information of the object detected by the above detection process, and determines whether the calculated distance is equal to or less than a predetermined distance. Determine. Then, if the distance between the robot 2 and the worker 3 is larger than a predetermined distance, the data output unit 11b outputs a command for operating the robot 2 at a normal operating speed to the robot control unit 11c.
- the robot control unit 11c controls the robot 2 in order to operate the robot 2 at a normal operating speed.
- the data output unit 11b outputs a command to the robot control unit 11c to operate the robot 2 at a speed slower than the normal operation speed.
- the robot control unit 11c controls the robot 2 so as to operate the robot 2 at a speed slower than the normal operating speed.
- the "predetermined distance” here means that the robot 2 and the worker 3 interfere with each other when the robot 2 performs a subsequent operation or the worker 3 moves from the current position. It is a distance that is assumed to be possible, or a distance obtained by adding a predetermined margin to the distance.
- the radar sensor 10 detects the arm or the like of the worker 3 existing in the vicinity of the strong reflector. Therefore, it becomes difficult to detect the interference properly, so that the control device 1 executes the interference suppression process (step S107).
- the data output unit 11b outputs a command for stopping the operation of the robot 2 to the robot control unit 11c, and a command for issuing a warning to the worker 3 to call attention to the warning unit 11d. Execute at least one of the output processes.
- the robot control unit 11c controls the robot 2 in order to stop the operation of the robot 2. Further, when a command for issuing a warning to call attention to the worker 3 is output from the data output unit 11b to the warning unit 11d, the warning unit 11d turns on the warning light or warns from the speaker. Makes a sound or outputs a warning message from the speaker.
- the interference suppression process is performed in this way, even if it is difficult for the radar sensor 10 to properly detect the arm or the like of the worker 3 existing in the vicinity of the strong reflector, the robot It is possible to suppress inadvertent interference between 2 and the worker 3.
- the control device 1 determines whether the strong reflector detected in the collaborative area Ac is a work facility such as a workbench 4 after executing the interference suppression process (step S105). For example, the determination unit 11a determines whether or not the strong reflector is the work equipment by comparing the position of the strong reflector detected by the detection process with the position of the work equipment. Then, when it is determined that the strong reflector is not the work equipment (when a negative determination is made in step S105), the control device 1 temporarily exits the processing flow. On the other hand, when it is determined that the strong reflector is the work equipment (when the affirmative determination is made in step S105), the control device 1 executes the adjustment request process (step S106).
- the data output unit 11b outputs a command to the warning unit 11d to warn the operator 3 to adjust the installation state of the radar transmission / reception unit 10a.
- the warning unit 11d outputs a process of displaying character information or the like prompting the adjustment of the installation state of the radar transmission / reception unit 10a on a display or the like, or a voice message or the like prompting the adjustment of the installation state of the radar transmission / reception unit 10a from the speaker or the like. Execute the processing to be performed.
- the operator can adjust the installation state of the radar transmission / reception unit 10a to an appropriate state. As a result, it is possible to suppress a subsequent decrease in work efficiency.
- a high reflector not used in the work process is placed in the collaborative area Ac, or an object used in the work process (for example, parts, tools, parts storage box, tool storage).
- an object used in the work process for example, parts, tools, parts storage box, tool storage.
- a box, etc. is placed in the collaborative area Ac with a large radar cross section, it becomes difficult to properly detect the position of the worker's arm, etc., which exists in the vicinity of the object.
- the radar sensor 10 radar transmission / reception unit 10a
- the interference suppression process is performed, so that the interference between the robot 2 and the worker 3 can be suppressed.
- the worker 3 can be urged to adjust the installation state of the radar transmission / reception unit 10a, so that the subsequent decrease in work efficiency can be suppressed.
- the present invention is applied to a robot that collaborates with a worker at a manufacturing site such as a factory, but the present invention is applied to a robot that collaborates with a worker outside the manufacturing site. It is also possible to apply.
- the present invention can be applied to a robot that works in collaboration with a worker at a medical site, a research / development site, or the like.
- the processes and configurations described in this embodiment can be freely combined and implemented as long as there is no technical contradiction.
- the processing described as being performed by one device may be shared and executed by a plurality of devices.
- the process described as being performed by different devices may be performed by one device. In short, it is possible to flexibly change what kind of hardware configuration each function of the control device is realized.
- a radar wave is transmitted to a collaborative area (Ac), which is an area where the worker (3) and the robot (2) collaborate to work, and the radar wave is within the collaborative area (Ac).
- the robot (2) and the worker (3) A control unit (11) that executes interference suppression processing to suppress interference, and The control device (1) of the robot (2).
- a control method for a robot (2) that works in collaboration with a worker (3) A radar wave is transmitted to a collaborative area (Ac), which is an area where the worker (3) and the robot (2) collaborate to work, and the radar wave is within the collaborative area (Ac).
- a radar transmission / reception step (S101) that receives a reflected wave generated by reflecting on an object
- a radar data processing step (S102) that calculates the reflected power of an object existing in the collaborative area (Ac) based on the reflected wave received in the radar transmission / reception step.
- a control step (S103, S104) for executing an interference suppression process, which is a process for suppressing, and A method for controlling a robot (2).
- Control device 2 Robot 3 Worker 4 Workbench (work equipment) 10 Radar sensor 10a Radar transmission / reception unit 10b Radar data processing unit 11 Control unit 11a Judgment unit 11b Data output unit 11c Robot control unit 11d Warning unit
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Abstract
Description
図1を参照して、本発明に係るロボットの制御装置の適用例について説明する。制御装置1は、ロボット2と作業者3とが協働で作業を行うエリア(協働エリアAc)の上方(例えば、天井5)に設置されたレーダセンサ10により得られるデータ(協働エリアAc内に存在する物体の位置や物体の反射パワー等)に応じて、ロボット2を制御する装置である。斯様な制御装置1は、ロボット2と作業者3との協働により部品の組み付け作業等が行われる工場等において、ロボット2の動作速度等を制御する。例えば、協働エリアAcにおけるロボット2と作業者3との距離が比較的近い場合等に、制御装置1が、ロボット2の動作速度を低下させたり、又はロボット2の動作を停止させたりする。
以下では、本発明の実施形態について図面を参照しながら説明する。本実施形態では、前述の図1に示したように、本発明に係る制御装置を、工場等で作業者と協働で作業を行うロボットに適用する例について述べる。
図2は、本実施形態における制御装置1の構成例を示すブロック図である。制御装置1は、レーダセンサ10と制御部11とを含んで構成される。レーダセンサ10は、例えば、ミリ波帯の電波(レーダ波)を用いて、対象エリア内に存在する物体の位置や物体の反射パワーを検知するセンサである。本例では、レーダセンサ10は、図1に示したように、ロボット2と作業者3との協働エリアAcを対象エリアとして、物体の位置や物体の反射パワー等を検知する。制御部11は、レーダセンサ10により検知された物体の反射パワーに基づいて、協働エリアAc内に存在する作業者3の腕等の位置を適正に検知することが可能であるかを判定する。そして、協働エリアAc内に存在する作業者3の腕等の位置を適切に検知することができないと判定された場合には、制御部11は、ロボット2と作業者3との不用意な干渉を抑制するための処理(干渉抑制処理)を実行する。
レーダセンサ10は、例えば、FMCW(Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave)方式のレーダセンサである。なお、レーダセンサ10は、FMCW方式以外のレーダセンサ(例えば、パルスドップラ方式のレーダセンサ)であってもよい。本例におけるレーダセンサ10は、図2に示すように、レーダ送受信部10aとレーダデータ処理部10bとを備える。
次に、制御部11について説明する。制御部11は、例えば、プロセッサ及びメモリを含んで構成されるコンピュータである。プロセッサは、例えば、CPU(Central Processing Unit)やDSP(Digital Signal Processor)等である。メモリは、コンピュータで読み取り可能な記録媒体であり、例えば、RAM(Random Access Memory)、ROM(Read Only Memory)、EPROM(Erasable Programmable ROM)、ハードディスクドライブ(HDD、Hard Disk Drive)、リムーバブルメディア等である。メモリには、各種プログラム等が格納される。メモリに格納されたプログラムをプロセッサが実行し、このプログラムの実行を通じて種々の機能構成が実現される。これにより、所定の目的に合致した機能を制御部11が実現する。なお、制御部11は複数のコンピュータによって構成されていてもよい。
次に、本実施例における制御装置1の動作について図6に基づいて説明する。図6は、ロボット2と作業者3とが協働で作業を行っているときに、制御装置1によって繰り返し実行される処理の流れを示すフローチャートである。
上記実施形態は、本発明の構成例を例示的に説明するものに過ぎない。本発明は上記の具体的な形態には限定されることはなく、その技術的思想の範囲内で種々の変形が可能である。
(1) 作業者(3)と協働で作業を行うロボット(2)の制御装置(1)であって、
前記作業者(3)と前記ロボット(2)とが協働で作業を行う領域である協働エリア(Ac)にレーダ波を送信するとともに、該レーダ波が前記協働エリア(Ac)内の物体に反射することで生成される反射波を受信するレーダ送受信部(10a)と、
前記レーダ送受信部(10a)によって受信された前記反射波に基づいて、前記協働エリア(Ac)内に存在する物体の反射パワーを演算するレーダデータ処理部(10b)と、
前記レーダデータ処理部(10b)によって演算される反射パワーが所定の閾値以上である物体が前記協働エリア(Ac)に存在する場合に、前記ロボット(2)と前記作業者(3)との干渉を抑制するための干渉抑制処理を実行する制御部(11)と、
を備える、ロボット(2)の制御装置(1)。
(2) 作業者(3)と協働で作業を行うロボット(2)の制御方法であって、
前記作業者(3)と前記ロボット(2)とが協働で作業を行う領域である協働エリア(Ac)にレーダ波を送信するとともに、該レーダ波が前記協働エリア(Ac)内の物体に反射することで生成される反射波を受信するレーダ送受信ステップ(S101)と、
前記レーダ送受信ステップで受信された前記反射波に基づいて、前記協働エリア(Ac)内に存在する物体の反射パワーを演算するレーダデータ処理ステップ(S102)と、
前記レーダデータ処理ステップで演算された前記反射パワーが所定の閾値以上である物体が前記協働エリア(Ac)に存在する場合に、前記ロボット(2)と前記作業者(3)との干渉を抑制するための処理である干渉抑制処理を実行する制御ステップ(S103、S104)と、
を有する、ロボット(2)の制御方法。
2 ロボット
3 作業者
4 作業台(作業用設備)
10 レーダセンサ
10a レーダ送受信部
10b レーダデータ処理部
11 制御部
11a 判定部
11b データ出力部
11c ロボット制御部
11d 警告部
Claims (7)
- 作業者と協働で作業を行うロボットの制御装置であって、
前記作業者と前記ロボットとが協働で作業を行う領域である協働エリアにレーダ波を送信するとともに、該レーダ波が前記協働エリア内の物体に反射することで生成される反射波を受信するレーダ送受信部と、
前記レーダ送受信部によって受信された前記反射波に基づいて、前記協働エリア内に存在する物体の反射パワーを演算するレーダデータ処理部と、
前記レーダデータ処理部によって演算される前記反射パワーが所定の閾値以上である物体が前記協働エリアに存在する場合に、前記ロボットと前記作業者との干渉を抑制するための処理である干渉抑制処理を実行する制御部と、
を備える、ロボットの制御装置。 - 前記干渉抑制処理は、前記ロボットの動作を停止させる処理を含む、
請求項1に記載のロボットの制御装置。 - 前記干渉抑制処理は、前記作業者へ注意喚起を促す処理を含む、
請求項1又は2に記載のロボットの制御装置。 - 前記協働エリアには、前記ロボットと前記作業者とが協働で作業を行う際に使用される設備である作業用設備が設置されており、
前記所定の閾値は、前記レーダ送受信部が適正な状態で設置されている場合における前記作業用設備の反射パワーより大きい値に設定される、
請求項1から3の何れか1項に記載のロボットの制御装置。 - 前記レーダデータ処理部によって演算される反射パワーが所定の閾値以上である物体が前記協働エリアに存在する場合に、該物体が前記作業用設備であれば、前記制御部は、前記干渉抑制処理に加え、前記レーダ送受信部の設置状態の調整を前記作業者に促す処理を実行する、
請求項4に記載のロボットの制御装置。 - 作業者と協働で作業を行うロボットの制御方法であって、
前記作業者と前記ロボットとが協働で作業を行う領域である協働エリアにレーダ波を送信するとともに、該レーダ波が前記協働エリア内の物体に反射することで生成される反射波を受信するレーダ送受信ステップと、
前記レーダ送受信ステップで受信された前記反射波に基づいて、前記協働エリア内に存在する物体の反射パワーを演算するレーダデータ処理ステップと、
前記レーダデータ処理ステップで演算された前記反射パワーが所定の閾値以上である物体が前記協働エリアに存在する場合に、前記ロボットと前記作業者との干渉を抑制するための処理である干渉抑制処理を実行する制御ステップと、
を有する、ロボットの制御方法。 - 請求項6に記載のロボットの制御方法における各ステップをコンピュータに実行させるためのプログラム。
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| CN202080052908.0A CN114174022B (zh) | 2019-08-21 | 2020-03-06 | 机器人的控制装置、机器人的控制方法以及记录介质 |
| KR1020227001890A KR20220020979A (ko) | 2019-08-21 | 2020-03-06 | 로봇의 제어 장치, 로봇의 제어 방법, 및 프로그램 |
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| JPS61252096A (ja) * | 1985-04-30 | 1986-11-10 | 株式会社安川電機 | 障害物認識装置 |
| JP2009162709A (ja) * | 2008-01-10 | 2009-07-23 | Ihi Corp | 移動ロボットの監視装置および監視方法 |
| JP2010208002A (ja) | 2009-03-12 | 2010-09-24 | Ihi Corp | ロボット装置の制御装置及びロボット装置の制御方法 |
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| JP2013019684A (ja) * | 2011-07-07 | 2013-01-31 | Honda Motor Co Ltd | 車両周辺監視装置 |
| JP6350252B2 (ja) * | 2014-12-05 | 2018-07-04 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 軸調整装置 |
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| JP2019010704A (ja) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-01-24 | Idec株式会社 | 照光表示装置 |
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| JP2009162709A (ja) * | 2008-01-10 | 2009-07-23 | Ihi Corp | 移動ロボットの監視装置および監視方法 |
| JP2010208002A (ja) | 2009-03-12 | 2010-09-24 | Ihi Corp | ロボット装置の制御装置及びロボット装置の制御方法 |
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| EP4019213A1 (en) | 2022-06-29 |
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