WO2021045545A1 - 전리튬화 장치 - Google Patents
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- WO2021045545A1 WO2021045545A1 PCT/KR2020/011893 KR2020011893W WO2021045545A1 WO 2021045545 A1 WO2021045545 A1 WO 2021045545A1 KR 2020011893 W KR2020011893 W KR 2020011893W WO 2021045545 A1 WO2021045545 A1 WO 2021045545A1
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- reaction tank
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/058—Construction or manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
- H01M4/044—Activating, forming or electrochemical attack of the supporting material
- H01M4/0445—Forming after manufacture of the electrode, e.g. first charge, cycling
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/04—Processes of manufacture in general
- H01M4/0438—Processes of manufacture in general by electrochemical processing
- H01M4/0459—Electrochemical doping, intercalation, occlusion or alloying
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/139—Processes of manufacture
- H01M4/1393—Processes of manufacture of electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a prelithiation device.
- the prelithiation process refers to a process of pre-lithiation of an electrode, specifically a negative electrode, to a predetermined level.
- a lithium metal sheet or lithium metal powder is used as a lithium source, and the lithium metal sheet or lithium metal powder is in contact with a negative electrode in an electrolyte.
- FIG. 1 An example of a pre-lithiation reactor in which a conventional pre-lithiation process is performed is shown in FIG. 1.
- an electrolyte solution 120 including a lithium source is contained in a container 110, and a negative electrode 130 to be prelithiated and a lithium metal 140 as a lithium source are It is immersed in the electrolyte solution 120 in a contacted state.
- the present inventors believe that when at least a part of a lithium source such as a lithium metal sheet or a lithium metal powder is immersed in the electrolyte used for prelithiation and is directly contacted, the electrolyte and the lithium source react to generate a by-product, and the by-product is It focused on the problem of damaging the SEI film on the surface of the cathode. Moreover, the by-product may cause a side reaction during charging and discharging of the finally manufactured lithium secondary battery, and in this case, available lithium is continuously consumed, thereby reducing the cycle capacity retention rate of the lithium secondary battery.
- a lithium source such as a lithium metal sheet or a lithium metal powder
- an object of the present invention is to provide a prelithiation apparatus capable of controlling the influence of by-products generated by direct contact between a lithium source such as a lithium metal sheet or a lithium metal powder and an electrolyte solution for prelithiation.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a lithium secondary battery that exhibits improved performance by using an electrolithiated negative electrode using the electrolithiation device.
- a prelithiation apparatus two reaction tanks consisting of a first reaction tank and a second reaction tank are provided, and an electrolyte solution of the first reaction tank and an electrolyte solution of the second reaction tank
- the salt bridge is connected by a salt bridge, and the salt bridge contains an electrolyte and an organic solvent, at least a part of the negative electrode to be lithiated is immersed in the electrolyte solution of the first reaction tank, and the electrolyte solution of the second reaction tank contains lithium ions.
- an electrolithiation apparatus in which at least a portion of a lithium source to supply is immersed.
- the total ion concentration of the salt bridge is higher than the total ion concentration of each of the electrolyte solution of the first reaction tank and the electrolyte solution of the second reaction tank. do.
- an electrolithiation apparatus in the first aspect or the second aspect, is provided, wherein the electrolyte of the salt bridge has a concentration of 3 to 50 M.
- the organic solvent has the same composition as the organic solvent contained in the first reaction tank, the second reaction tank, or both.
- a device for pre-lithiation is provided.
- the salt bridge is a form filled in a glass tube in a form in which an organic solvent and an electrolyte are gelled by agar.
- a device for prelithiation is provided.
- the electrolyte is KCl, NaCl, KNO 3 , Na 2 SO 4 or two or more thereof.
- the device is provided.
- an electrolithiation apparatus wherein the salt bridge has an ionic conductivity in the range of 5 to 10 mS/cm. .
- the lithium source is a lithium metal sheet, a lithium metal powder, or a mixture thereof. Is provided.
- At least one of the electrolyte solution of the first reaction tank and the electrolyte solution of the second reaction tank contains propyl propionate.
- a negative electrode for a lithium secondary battery manufactured using the prelithiation apparatus of the first aspect.
- the lithium source for pre-lithiation and the negative electrode to be pre-lithiated are located in different reaction tanks, and the by-product generated by contact between the lithium source and the electrolyte is a reaction tank in which the negative electrode is located by a salt bridge. Since it does not flow into, the by-product does not flow into the cathode or contaminate the cathode.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a conventional prelithiation apparatus according to an aspect.
- FIG 2 schematically shows an electrolithography apparatus according to an aspect of the present invention.
- two reaction tanks composed of a first reaction tank 100 and a second reaction tank 200 are provided, and the electrolyte solution 120 of the first reaction tank and the second reaction tank are
- the electrolyte 220 is connected by a salt bridge 300, at least a part of the negative electrode 130 to be lithiated is immersed in the electrolyte 120 of the first reaction tank, and the electrolyte of the second reaction tank
- An electrolithiation device in which at least a part of a lithium source 230 to supply lithium ions is immersed is provided in 220.
- the salt bridge may be filled in a glass tube in a form in which an organic solvent and an electrolyte are gelled by agar.
- an organic solvent and an electrolyte are gelled by agar.
- the salt bridge it is preferable that the ion transfer of positive or negative charges is fast.
- a KCl salt in which potassium ions (K + ) and chlorine ions (Cl ⁇ ) having high ionic conductivity are combined may be used as a salt bridge electrolyte.
- the salt of high concentration is in the form of a gel for rapid ion transfer, and as a non-limiting example for this, the salt of high concentration may be a salt of 3 M or more.
- the transfer of substances between the salt bridge and the electrolyte is mostly due to the movement of charged ions in order to balance the charge. During prelithiation, there is no adverse effect due to by-products generated by side reactions.
- the organic solvent contained in the salt bridge may be the same as the component and composition of the organic solvent of the first reaction tank or the second reaction tank.
- the organic solvent contained in the salt bridge has the above-described characteristics, there is no inflow of other components in the electrolyte, and thus it has an advantageous effect that there is no change in the SEI component.
- non-limiting examples of the electrolyte are KCl, NaCl, KNO 3 , Na 2 SO 4 or two or more thereof, and these have high ionic conductivity, and are preferable for use as an electrolyte of a salt bridge. .
- the electrolyte concentration of the first reaction tank is 0.1 to 2 M concentration and the electrolyte concentration of the second reaction tank is designed to be 0.1 to 2 M concentration, whereas the electrolyte concentration of the salt bridge is 3 to 50 M.
- the electrolyte concentration of the salt bridge is significantly higher than that of each of the first reaction tank or the second reaction tank.
- the electrolyte concentration of the salt bridge must be higher than that of each of the first reaction tank or the second reaction tank so that ions can move from the salt bridge to the electrolyte.
- the salt bridge has an ionic conductivity in the range of 5 to 50 mS/cm or an ionic conductivity in the range of 5 to 10 mS/cm or in the range of 10 to 50 mS/cm or in the range of 20 to 30 mS/cm. It can have ionic conductivity.
- the salt bridge has an ionic conductivity lower than the lower limit, the salt bridge has an ionic conductivity lower than that of the pre-lithiated electrolyte, resulting in a problem of slowing the reaction rate.
- the lithium source is a lithium metal sheet, a lithium metal powder, or a mixture thereof.
- the electrolyte solution of the first reaction tank and the electrolyte solution of the second reaction tank may have the same composition. More specifically, the components and compositions of the organic solvent and the components and compositions of the lithium salt in each of the first reaction tank and the second reaction tank may be the same.
- the composition of the electrolyte in the first reactor and the electrolyte in the second reactor is the same, the same electrolyte as the electrolyte in the first reactor and the electrolyte in the second reactor can be used for the salt bridge, and thus there is an advantageous effect that there is no contamination of the electrolyte.
- non-limiting examples of the organic solvent used in the electrolyte solution of each of the first reaction tank, the second reaction tank, and the salt bridge are each independently N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, propylene carbonate , Ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, gamma-butyrolactone, 1,2-dimethoxy ethane, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1, 3-dioxolone, formamide, dimethylformamide, dioxolone, acetonitrile, nitromethane, methyl formate, methyl acetate, phosphate tryster, trimethoxymethane, dioxolone derivative, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, a propylene carbonate derivative, a tetrahydrofuran derivative, an ether
- the electrolyte solution of each of the first reaction tank, the second reaction tank, and the salt bridge may further include an additive.
- the additives are propyl propionate, vinylene carbonate, vinyl ethylene carbonate, fluoroethyl carbonate, salicylic acid, LiBF 4 , LITFSL , LiBOB, LiODFB, pyridine, triethylphosphite, triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylene diamine, n-glyme, hexaphosphate triamide, nitrobenzene derivative, sulfur, quinone imine dye, N-substituted oxazolidinone , N,N-substituted imidazolidine, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, ammonium salt, pyrrole, 2-methoxy ethanol, aluminum trichloride, carbon tetrachloride, ethylene trifluoride, carbon dioxide gas, FEC (Fluoro-
- each of the first and second reactors may independently contain a lithium salt, and the lithium salt is LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiPF 6, LiFSI, LiTFSI, LiCF 3 SO 3, LiCF 3 CO 2, LiAsF 6, LiSbF 6, LiAlCl 4, CH 3 SO 3 Li, CF 3 SO 3 Li, (CF 3 SO 2) 2NLi, chloroborane lithium, It may be a lower aliphatic lithium carboxylic acid, lithium tetraphenylborate, or a mixture of two or more thereof.
- the negative electrode may include a carbon-based material and/or Si as a negative electrode active material.
- the carbon-based material may be crystalline artificial graphite, crystalline natural graphite, amorphous hard carbon, low crystalline soft carbon, carbon black, acetylene black, Ketjen black, super P, graphene, fibrous carbon, or two or more thereof, Preferably it may be crystalline artificial graphite, and/or crystalline natural graphite.
- the negative electrode is manufactured by applying an electrode mixture, which is a mixture of a negative electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder, on a negative electrode current collector and then drying it. If necessary, a filler may be further added to the mixture.
- an electrode mixture which is a mixture of a negative electrode active material, a conductive material, and a binder, on a negative electrode current collector and then drying it. If necessary, a filler may be further added to the mixture.
- the negative active material in addition to the above materials, for example, Li x Fe 2 O 3 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Li x WO 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1), Sn x Me 1-x Me' y O z (Me: Mn, Fe, Pb, Ge; Me': Al, B, P, Si, elements of groups 1, 2 and 3 of the periodic table, halogen; 0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1;1 ⁇ y ⁇ 3; 1 Metal composite oxides such as ?z?8); Lithium metal; Lithium alloy; Silicon-based alloys; Tin-based alloys; SnO, SnO 2 , PbO, PbO 2 , Pb 2 O 3 , Pb 3 O 4 , Sb 2 O 3 , Sb 2 O 4 , Sb 2 O 5 , GeO, GeO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O 4 , Metal oxides such as Bi 2 O 5; Conductive polymers such as polyacetylene; Li-Co-Ni-based materials; Titanium oxide; Li
- the negative electrode current collector is generally made to have a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m.
- a negative electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing chemical changes to the battery, for example, copper, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, copper or stainless steel.
- aluminum-cadmium alloys and the like may be used.
- the conductive material is typically added in an amount of 1 to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the mixture including the positive electrode active material.
- a conductive material is not particularly limited as long as it has conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery, and examples thereof include graphite such as natural graphite or artificial graphite; Carbon blacks such as carbon black, acetylene black, ketjen black, channel black, furnace black, lamp black, and thermal black; Conductive fibers such as carbon fibers and metal fibers; Metal powders such as carbon fluoride, aluminum, and nickel powder; Conductive whiskers such as zinc oxide and potassium titanate; Conductive metal oxides such as titanium oxide; Conductive materials such as polyphenylene derivatives may be used.
- the elastic graphite-based material may be used as a conductive material or may be used together with the materials.
- the binder is a component that aids in bonding of an active material and a conductive material and bonding to a current collector, and is typically added in an amount of 1 to 50% by weight based on the total weight of the mixture including the positive electrode active material.
- a binder include polyvinylidene fluoride, polyvinyl alcohol, carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), starch, hydroxypropylcellulose, regenerated cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, tetrafluoroethylene, polyethylene , Polypropylene, ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer (EPDM), sulfonated EPDM, styrene butadiene rubber, fluorine rubber, and various copolymers.
- the filler is selectively used as a component that suppresses the expansion of the positive electrode, and is not particularly limited as long as it is a fibrous material without causing chemical changes to the battery, and examples thereof include olefin-based polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene; Fibrous materials such as glass fiber and carbon fiber are used.
- a lithiated negative electrode characterized in that produced by the electrolithiation method of the negative electrode.
- a secondary battery characterized in that an electrolyte is impregnated in an electrode assembly including the lithiated negative electrode, the positive electrode, and a separator interposed between the lithiated negative electrode and the positive electrode,
- the secondary battery may be a lithium ion battery, a lithium ion polymer battery, or a lithium polymer battery.
- the lithium secondary batteries are generally composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator interposed between the positive and negative electrodes, and a lithium salt-containing non-aqueous electrolyte, and other components of the lithium secondary battery will be described below.
- the positive electrode is manufactured by coating, drying, and pressing a positive electrode active material on a positive electrode current collector, and a conductive material, a binder, a filler, and the like as described above may be optionally further included if necessary.
- the positive electrode may include a lithium transition metal oxide represented by the following Chemical Formula 1 or 2 as a positive electrode active material.
- M is one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Al, Mg, Ni, Co, Fe, Cr, V, Ti, Cu, B, Ca, Zn, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sr, Sb, W, Ti and Bi Is;
- A is at least one -1 or -divalent anion
- M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Ni, Ti, Co, Al, Cu, Fe, Mg, B, Cr, Zr, Zn, and two-cycle transition metals;
- A is at least one selected from the group consisting of anions of PO 4 , BO 3 , CO 3 , F and NO 3;
- the positive electrode current collector is generally made to have a thickness of 3 to 500 ⁇ m.
- a positive electrode current collector is not particularly limited as long as it has high conductivity without causing a chemical change in the battery, for example, stainless steel, aluminum, nickel, titanium, calcined carbon, or aluminum or stainless steel. Surface treatment of carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like may be used on the surface of.
- the current collector may increase the adhesion of the positive electrode active material by forming fine irregularities on its surface, and various forms such as films, sheets, sheets, nets, porous bodies, foams, and nonwoven fabrics are possible.
- the separator is interposed between the anode and the cathode, and an insulating thin film having high ion permeability and mechanical strength is used.
- the pore diameter of the separator is generally 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, and the thickness is generally 5 to 300 ⁇ m.
- Examples of such a separation membrane include olefin-based polymers such as polypropylene having chemical resistance and hydrophobic properties; Sheets or non-woven fabrics made of glass fiber or polyethylene are used.
- a solid electrolyte such as a polymer is used as the electrolyte, the solid electrolyte may also serve as a separator.
- the lithium salt-containing non-aqueous electrolyte is composed of a non-aqueous electrolyte and lithium, and the non-aqueous electrolyte includes a non-aqueous organic solvent, an organic solid electrolyte, an inorganic solid electrolyte, and the like, but is not limited thereto.
- non-aqueous organic solvent for example, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, gamma -Butylrolactone, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 2-methyl tetrahydrofuran, dimethyl sulfoxide, 1,3-dioxolone, formamide, dimethylformamide, dioxolone, acetonitrile, nitromethane, formic acid Methyl, methyl acetate, phosphoric acid tryester, trimethoxy methane, dioxolone derivative, sulfolane, methyl sulfolane, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, propylene carbonate derivative, tetrahydrofuran derivative,
- An aprotic organic solvent such as ether, methyl pyropionate, ethyl propionate, etc. may be used.
- organic solid electrolyte examples include polyethylene derivatives, polyethylene oxide derivatives, polypropylene oxide derivatives, phosphate ester polymers, poly agitation lysine, polyester sulfide, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylidene fluoride, A polymerization agent or the like containing an ionic dissociating group may be used.
- Li 3 N, LiI, Li 5 NI 2 , Li 3 N-LiI-LiOH, LiSiO 4 , LiSiO 4 -LiI-LiOH, Li 2 SiS 3 , Li 4 SiO 4 , Nitrides, halides, and sulfates of Li such as Li 4 SiO 4 -LiI-LiOH and Li 3 PO 4 -Li 2 S-SiS 2 may be used.
- the lithium salt is a material soluble in the non-aqueous electrolyte, for example, LiCl, LiBr, LiI, LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiB 10 Cl 10 , LiPF 6 , LiFSI, LiTFSI, LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2, LiAsF 6, LiSbF 6, LiAlCl 4, CH 3 SO 3 Li, (CF 3 SO 2) 2 NLi, chloroborane lithium, lower aliphatic carboxylic acid lithium, lithium tetraphenyl borate and imide.
- the lithium salt-containing non-aqueous electrolyte includes, for example, pyridine, triethylphosphite, triethanolamine, cyclic ether, ethylene diamine, n-glyme, hexa Phosphoric acid triamide, nitrobenzene derivative, sulfur, quinone imine dye, N-substituted oxazolidinone, N,N-substituted imidazolidine, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, ammonium salt, pyrrole, 2-methoxy ethanol, aluminum trichloride, etc. May be added.
- a halogen-containing solvent such as carbon tetrachloride and ethylene trifluoride may be further included, and carbon dioxide gas may be further included to improve high-temperature storage characteristics, and FEC (Fluoro-Ethylene Carbonate), PRS (Propene sultone), and the like may be further included.
- the present invention provides a battery module including the secondary battery as a unit cell, a battery pack including the battery module, and a device including the battery pack as a power source.
- the device include, but are not limited to, an electric vehicle, a hybrid electric vehicle, a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle, or a power storage system.
- a salt bridge containing an electrolyte and an organic solvent 3 M KCl is used as the electrolyte, and ethylene carbonate (EC)/propylene carbonate (PC)/propyl propionate (PP) in a volume ratio of 3/1/6 is used as the organic solvent.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- PC propylene carbonate
- PP propyl propionate
- the electrolyte and the organic solvent were mixed to prepare a salt bridge in a glass tube in a gelled form by agar.
- anode active material As an anode active material, 81 wt% of graphite, 9 wt% of SiO, 5 wt% of Denka Black (conductive material), 3.5 wt% of styrene-butadiene rubber, and 1.5 wt% of CMC were added to water to prepare a negative electrode mixture slurry. After coating the above negative electrode mixture slurry using a copper current collector, it was dried under vacuum at 130° C. and then rolled.
- a prelithiation apparatus including two reaction tanks consisting of a first reaction tank and a second reaction tank was prepared.
- An electrolyte solution in which 1 M LiPF 6 electrolyte was dissolved was added to the organic solvent.
- One end of the salt bridge was immersed in the first reaction tank, and the other end of the salt bridge was immersed in the second reaction tank, so that the electrolyte solution of the first reaction tank and the electrolyte solution of the second reaction tank were connected by the salt bridge.
- the prepared negative electrode to be lithiated was cut into an area of 5 x 5 cm 2 , and at least a part of the negative electrode was immersed in the electrolyte solution of the first reaction tank and sufficiently soaked for 24 hours. In addition, in the electrolyte solution of the second reaction tank, at least a part of the lithium metal sheet was immersed and sufficiently soaked for 24 hours.
- two reaction tanks consisting of a first reaction tank and a second reaction tank are provided, wherein the electrolyte solution of the first reaction tank and the electrolyte solution of the second reaction tank are connected by a salt bridge, and the electrolyte solution of the first reaction tank contains lithium At least a part of the negative electrode to be converted is immersed, and at least a part of a lithium source (lithium metal sheet) to supply lithium ions is immersed in the electrolyte solution of the second reaction tank (pre-lithiation apparatus) was completed. Lithium was added up to 25% of the theoretical capacity of the negative electrode to be prelithiated by applying a current density of 1 mA/cm 2 to this cell. At this time, 0.05 V (vs.
- Li/Li + Li/Li +
- a fixed voltage, 0.05 V was set to become a charging condition. If the voltage falls below the above value, lithium plating may occur in all areas, and since it is a constant voltage, the current value has a value of 1 mA/cm 2 or less, and it takes more time to put the same capacity accordingly. do.
- the salt on the surface of the prelithiated anode was washed and removed with dimethyl carbonate or ethylmethyl carbonate to prepare a prelithiated anode.
- a coin-type lithium secondary battery was fabricated using the pre-lithiated negative electrode prepared above and the positive electrode prepared using a LiCoO 2 positive electrode active material as counter electrodes.
- the electrolyte solution used in this lithium secondary battery had the same composition as the first and second reactors.
- Example 1 The rest of the process was experimented in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a current density of 2 mA/cm 2 was applied in the prelithiation process of Example 1.
- a lithium metal sheet was used as a counter electrode in one reaction tank without using a salt bridge, and the negative electrode and the lithium metal sheet were placed in contact with each other.
- the prelithiation was performed by applying a current density of 1 mA/cm 2 to the prelithiation device.
- a lithium secondary battery was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 by using the pre-lithiated negative electrode as described above.
- the lithium secondary batteries prepared in each of Examples 1 and 2 have higher initial coulomb efficiency and higher 100-th cycle capacity retention compared to the lithium secondary batteries prepared in Comparative Examples 1 and 2, respectively.
- Comparative Examples 1 and 2 it was confirmed that the initial coulomb efficiency and the 100th cycle capacity were significantly lowered. This is because propyl propionate (PP) in the electrolyte and lithium reacted as the lithium metal sheet and the negative electrode were contacted in one reaction tank. It is believed that by-products are generated, and these by-products cause side reactions during charging and discharging of the lithium secondary battery.
- PP propyl propionate
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Abstract
Description
| 전리튬화 공정 | 충전 전류 밀도 | 초기 쿨롱 효율(%) | 100번째 사이클 용량 유지율(%) | |
| 실시예 1 | 염다리 이용 | 1 mA/cm 2 | 98 | 95 |
| 실시예 2 | 염다리 이용 | 2 mA/cm 2 | 95 | 91 |
| 비교예 1 | 하나의 반응조에서 수행 | 1 mA/cm 2 | 81 | 61 |
| 비교예 2 | 하나의 반응조에서 수행 | 2 mA/cm 2 | 79 | 52 |
Claims (10)
- 전리튬화 장치로서,제1 반응조 및 제2 반응조로 구성된 2개의 반응조를 구비하되, 상기 제1 반응조의 전해액과 제2 반응조의 전해액은 염다리(salt bridge)에 의해 연결되어 있고 상기 염다리는 전해질과 유기 용매를 포함하며, 상기 제1 반응조의 전해액에는 리튬화시킬 음극의 적어도 일부가 침지되어 있고, 상기 제2 반응조의 전해액에는 리튬 이온을 공급할 리튬 소스의 적어도 일부가 침지되어 있는 전리튬화 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 염다리의 전체 이온 농도는 제1 반응조의 전해액 및 제2 반응조의 전해액 각각의 전체 이온 농도보다 높은 것을 특징으로 하는 전리튬화 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 염다리의 전해질은 3 내지 50 M 농도인 것을 특징으로 하는 전리튬화 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 유기용매가 제1 반응조, 제2 반응조 또는 이들 둘다에 포함된 유기용매와 동일한 조성인 것을 특징으로 하는 전리튬화 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 염다리는 유기용매와 전해질이 아가(agar)에 의해 겔화된 형태로 유리관에 채워진 형태인 것을 특징으로 하는 전리튬화 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 전해질이 KCl, NaCl, KNO 3, Na 2SO 4 또는 이들의 2 이상인 것을 특징으로 하는 전리튬화 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 염다리는 5 내지 10 mS/cm 범위의 이온전도도를 갖는 것을 특징으로 하는 전리튬화 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 리튬 소스는 리튬 금속 시트, 리튬 금속 분말 또는 이들이 혼합된 형태인 것을 특징으로 하는 전리튬화 장치.
- 제1항에 있어서,상기 제1 반응조의 전해액과 상기 제2 반응조의 전해액 중 적어도 하나는 프로필 프로피오네이트를 포함하는 것을 특징으로 하는 전리튬화 장치.
- 제1항의 전리튬화 장치를 이용하여 제작된 리튬이차전지용 음극.
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20860071.8A EP3907789B1 (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2020-09-03 | Pre-lithiation apparatus |
| ES20860071T ES3055147T3 (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2020-09-03 | Pre-lithiation apparatus |
| CN202080025606.4A CN113678277B (zh) | 2019-09-06 | 2020-09-03 | 预锂化设备 |
| US17/419,470 US12288865B2 (en) | 2019-09-06 | 2020-09-03 | Pre-lithiation apparatus |
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| KR10-2019-0110758 | 2019-09-06 | ||
| KR1020190110758A KR102887153B1 (ko) | 2019-09-06 | 2019-09-06 | 전리튬화 장치 |
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| US (1) | US12288865B2 (ko) |
| EP (1) | EP3907789B1 (ko) |
| KR (1) | KR102887153B1 (ko) |
| CN (1) | CN113678277B (ko) |
| ES (1) | ES3055147T3 (ko) |
| WO (1) | WO2021045545A1 (ko) |
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| TWI814308B (zh) * | 2022-03-28 | 2023-09-01 | 國立臺灣科技大學 | 增加電池電容量的連續製程設備 |
| CN116121559B (zh) * | 2023-02-22 | 2025-11-04 | 中南大学 | 一种盐桥辅助的基于锂超离子导体的低压电渗析分离镁锂方法及装置 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| KR20210029479A (ko) | 2021-03-16 |
| KR102887153B1 (ko) | 2025-11-14 |
| CN113678277A (zh) | 2021-11-19 |
| EP3907789A1 (en) | 2021-11-10 |
| CN113678277B (zh) | 2023-12-01 |
| US20220123276A1 (en) | 2022-04-21 |
| ES3055147T3 (en) | 2026-02-10 |
| US12288865B2 (en) | 2025-04-29 |
| EP3907789A4 (en) | 2022-04-20 |
| EP3907789B1 (en) | 2025-10-29 |
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