WO2021131203A1 - 回転電機制御装置 - Google Patents
回転電機制御装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021131203A1 WO2021131203A1 PCT/JP2020/036899 JP2020036899W WO2021131203A1 WO 2021131203 A1 WO2021131203 A1 WO 2021131203A1 JP 2020036899 W JP2020036899 W JP 2020036899W WO 2021131203 A1 WO2021131203 A1 WO 2021131203A1
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- inverter
- control
- pulse width
- width modulation
- speed range
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/5387—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration
- H02M7/53871—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters in a bridge configuration with automatic control of output voltage or current
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K11/00—Structural association of dynamo-electric machines with electric components or with devices for shielding, monitoring or protection
- H02K11/30—Structural association with control circuits or drive circuits
- H02K11/33—Drive circuits, e.g. power electronics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0048—Circuits or arrangements for reducing losses
- H02M1/0054—Transistor switching losses
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/14—Arrangements for reducing ripples from DC input or output
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
- H02M7/53—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M7/537—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters
- H02M7/539—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency
- H02M7/5395—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode using devices of a triode or transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only, e.g. single switched pulse inverters with automatic control of output wave form or frequency by pulse-width modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
- H02P27/14—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters with pulse width modulation with three or more levels of voltage
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P6/00—Arrangements for controlling synchronous motors or other dynamo-electric motors using electronic commutation dependent on the rotor position; Electronic commutators therefor
- H02P6/08—Arrangements for controlling the speed or torque of a single motor
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the waveform of the supplied voltage or current
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a rotary electric machine control device that drives and controls a rotary electric machine having an open winding via two inverters.
- the line voltage of the AC voltage of the winding is higher than in a system using a Y-shaped winding and one inverter. It is possible to operate the rotary electric machine with a higher output.
- the switching control method is determined by various factors (operating conditions) such as torque required for the rotating electric machine, rotation speed, and voltage on the DC side so that operation with higher system efficiency is possible. Is preferable. Although the technology of V. Oleschuk et al. Is excellent, there is still room for improvement in properly controlling the two inverters provided at each end of the open winding.
- the rotary electric machine control device for driving and controlling the rotary electric machine having a plurality of phases of open windings independent of each other via the first inverter and the second inverter is one embodiment in which the first inverter It is connected to one end side of the multi-phase open winding to convert power between DC and multi-phase alternating current, and the second inverter is connected to the other end side of the multi-phase open winding. Power is converted between DC and multi-phase alternating current, and each of the first inverter and the second inverter can be controlled by a plurality of control methods having different switching patterns, and the control methods are independent of each other.
- a first speed range and a second speed range in which the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine at the same torque is higher than that of the first speed range are set.
- the pulse width modulation control in which a plurality of pulses having different patterns are output in one cycle of the electric angle, and a plurality of pulses having different patterns are output in the first period which is 1/2 cycle of the electric angle, and the rest. It includes mixed pulse width modulation control that is controlled so that the ineffective state continues in the second period of 1/2 cycle, and in the second speed range, both the first inverter and the second inverter.
- the inverter is controlled by the mixed pulse width modulation control.
- Mixed pulse width modulation control is a control method that combines a period in which the pulse width is modulated and a period in which the pulse width is not modulated (fixed state) by about half a cycle during one cycle of the electric angle. That is, since the inverter does not perform the switching operation during a period of about 1/2 of the drive time, the switching loss is reduced and the system loss is reduced.
- the second speed range in which the mixed pulse width modulation control is executed is set to a higher speed side than the first speed range at the same torque, and is a control area on the relatively medium speed / high speed side.
- the rotary electric machine control device for driving and controlling the rotary electric machine having a plurality of phases of open windings independent of each other via the first inverter and the second inverter is described as another aspect.
- One inverter is connected to one end side of the multi-phase open winding to convert power between DC and multi-phase AC
- the second inverter is the other end side of the multi-phase open winding.
- the first inverter and the second inverter have arms for one AC phase in series with the upper switching element and the lower switching element, respectively.
- pulse width modulation control in which a plurality of pulses having different patterns are output in one cycle of an electric angle and the upper stage of the arm of all the plurality of phases
- the pulse width modulation control includes at least an active short circuit control in which the side switching elements are turned on or the lower switching elements of the arms of all the plurality of phases are turned on, and the pulse width modulation control includes a plurality of control methods.
- Pulse width modulation is performed including a continuous pulse width modulation control that continuously performs pulse width modulation for all of the phases of the arm and a period for fixing the switching element in the on state or the off state for some of the multiple phase arms.
- the discontinuous pulse width modulation control to be performed is included, and each of the first inverter and the second inverter can be controlled by the control method independent of each other, and the first speed range is used as the control region of the rotary electric machine. And the second speed range in which the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine in the same torque is higher than the first speed range, and the third speed range in which the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine in the same torque is higher than the second speed range.
- the first speed range one of the first inverter and the second inverter is controlled by the active short circuit control, and the other inverter is controlled by the continuous pulse width modulation control.
- one of the first inverter and the second inverter is controlled by the active short circuit control, and the other inverter is controlled by the discontinuous pulse width modulation control.
- target control is executed in which the inverters of both the first inverter and the second inverter are controlled by the discontinuous pulse width modulation control.
- the rotary electric machine control device does not need to control the two inverters so that the AC amplitude is always large. For example, when the rotational speed of the rotary electric machine is low, the AC voltage that can be generated by one inverter is generated. It may be sufficient to generate it.
- one of the two inverters is controlled by active short circuit control. As a result, the open windings are short-circuited in the one inverter, and the rotary electric machine becomes similar to the rotary electric machine in which the stator coil has an electrical neutral point.
- the inverter controlled by active short circuit control does not perform switching operation, it is possible to drive the rotary electric machine while suppressing the loss of the entire system.
- the maximum modulation factor by the discontinuous pulse width modulation control executed in the second speed region is larger than the maximum modulation factor of the continuous pulse width modulation control executed in the first speed region.
- the second speed range is a control area in which the rotation speed of the rotating electric machine is higher than that of the first speed range at the same torque, and from the viewpoint of system efficiency, the second speed range is modulated with a higher modulation rate than the first speed range. Is preferable.
- one inverter By performing continuous pulse width modulation control in the first speed range and discontinuous pulse width modulation control in the second speed range, one inverter can be used in the control area that combines the first speed range and the second speed range.
- the rotary electric machine can be driven appropriately.
- both inverters are controlled by discontinuous pulse width modulation control, so that the open winding can be generated from one DC power supply.
- the rotary electric machine can be driven by generating a line voltage higher than the voltage. As described above, according to this configuration, it is possible to appropriately control the two inverters provided at both ends of the open winding.
- the figure which shows the comparative example of the FFT analysis result with the frequency as a central frequency Comparison example of FFT analysis results with the carrier frequency of the line voltage between the 1 inverter system and 2 inverter system as the central frequency, 2 FFT analysis with the carrier frequency of the line voltage between different control methods in the inverter system as the central frequency Diagram showing a comparative example of the results Comparison example of FFT analysis results with a frequency that is twice the carrier frequency of the line voltage between the 1 inverter system and 2 inverter system as the central frequency 2 2 of the carrier frequency of the line voltage between different control methods in the inverter system
- Diagram showing a comparative example of analysis results FFT analysis results of battery current waveforms and battery currents of 1 inverter system at the 1st operating point, 2 inverter systems using general pulse width modulation control, and 2 inverter systems using mixed pulse width modulation control.
- FIGS. 20 and 34 The figure which shows the comparative example of the FFT analysis result of Phase current between 1 inverter system, 2 inverter systems using general pulse width modulation control, and 2 inverter systems using mixed pulse width modulation control at the second operating point (Q2) in FIGS. 20 and 34.
- a diagram showing a comparative example of the FFT analysis results of the phase current DC bus current waveforms of 1 inverter system, 2 inverter systems using general pulse width modulation control, and 2 inverter systems using mixed pulse width modulation control at the 2nd operating point, and FFT of DC bus current.
- Diagram showing a comparative example of analysis results FFT analysis results of battery current waveforms and battery currents of 1 inverter system at the 2nd operating point, 2 inverter systems using general pulse width modulation control, and 2 inverter systems using mixed pulse width modulation control.
- the figure which shows the comparative example of the FFT analysis result of A flowchart showing an example of a procedure for selecting a control method when the ripple of the DC bus current flowing through the DC link capacitor is not considered.
- the figure which shows an example of the control area of the rotary electric machine of 2nd Embodiment The figure which shows another example of the control area of the rotary electric machine of 2nd Embodiment
- FIG. 1 is a schematic block diagram of a rotary electric machine drive system including a rotary electric machine control device 1 (MG-CTRL).
- the rotary electric machine 80 is a driving force source for wheels in a vehicle such as an electric vehicle or a hybrid vehicle.
- the rotary electric machine 80 is an open winding type rotary electric machine having a plurality of phases (three phases in this embodiment) of stator coils 8 (open windings) that are independent of each other.
- One inverter 10 is connected to both ends of the stator coil 8 to convert electric power between direct current and alternating current having a plurality of phases (here, three phases), which are independently controlled. That is, the first inverter 11 (INV1) is connected to one end side of the stator coil 8, and the second inverter 12 (INV2) is connected to the other end side of the stator coil 8.
- the inverter 10 when it is not necessary to distinguish between the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12, it will be referred to simply as the inverter 10.
- the inverter 10 is configured to include a plurality of switching elements 3.
- An IGBT Insulated Gate Bipolar Transistor
- a power MOSFET Metal Oxide Semiconductor Field Effect Transistor
- FIG. 1 illustrates a mode in which an IGBT is used as the switching element 3.
- the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 are inverters 10 having the same circuit configuration using the same type of switching element 3.
- the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 may be configured by using different types of switching elements 3.
- the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 are configured by using different types of switching elements 3 according to the characteristics of each control method.
- the second switching element 32 constituting the second inverter 12 is the first switching element constituting the first inverter 11. It is preferable that the switching element has a relatively small switching loss at the time of transition between the off state and the on state as compared with 31.
- a Si-IGBT may be used as the first switching element 31 of the first inverter 11, and a SiC-MOSFET may be used as the second switching element 32 of the second inverter 12.
- the first switching element 31 may be a Si-MOSFET as well as a Si-IGBT.
- the second switching element 32 may be a SiC-SIT (SiC-Static Induction Transistor), a GaN-MOSFET (Gallium Nitride-MOSFET), or the like, in addition to the SiC-MOSFET.
- the arm 3A for one AC phase is composed of a series circuit of the upper switching element 3H and the lower switching element 3L.
- Each switching element 3 is provided with a freewheel diode 35 in parallel with the direction from the negative electrode FG toward the positive electrode P (the direction from the lower side to the upper side) as the forward direction.
- the two inverters 10 are connected to independent DC power supplies 6. That is, the first floating ground FG1 which is the negative electrode FG of the first inverter 11 and the second floating ground FG2 which is the negative electrode FG of the second inverter 12 are independent of each other.
- a DC link capacitor 4 smoothing capacitor for smoothing the DC bus voltage is provided between the inverter 10 and the DC power supply 6, respectively.
- the first inverter 11 in which the arm 3A for one AC phase is composed of a series circuit of the first upper stage side switching element 31H and the first lower stage side switching element 31L is a first DC link capacitor on the DC side.
- 41 first smoothing capacitor
- the second inverter 12 in which the arm 3A for one AC phase is composed of a series circuit of the second upper switching element 32H and the second lower switching element 32L has a second DC link capacitor 42 (second smoothing) on the DC side.
- a capacitor is connected, the DC side is connected to the second DC power supply 62, and the AC side is connected to the other end side of the multi-phase stator coil 8 to convert power between the DC and the multi-phase AC. ..
- the first DC power supply 61 and the second DC power supply 62 are DC power supplies having the same rating such as voltage, and the first DC link capacitor 41 and the second DC link capacitor also have the same rating such as capacity. It is a capacitor of.
- the rated voltage of the DC power supply 6 is about 48 to 400 volts.
- the DC power supply 6 is composed of, for example, a secondary battery (battery) such as a nickel hydrogen battery or a lithium ion battery, an electric double layer capacitor, or the like.
- the rotary electric machine 80 can function as both an electric machine and a generator. The rotary electric machine 80 converts the electric power from the DC power supply 6 into power via the inverter 10 (power running). Alternatively, the rotary electric machine 80 converts the rotational driving force transmitted from the wheels or the like into electric power, and charges the DC power supply 6 via the inverter 10 (regeneration).
- the inverter 10 is controlled by the rotary electric machine control device 1.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 can control each of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 by a control method independent of each other (details of the control method will be described later).
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 is constructed with a logic circuit such as a microcomputer as a core member.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 performs current feedback control using a vector control method based on a target torque (torque command) of the rotary electric machine 80 provided by another control device such as a vehicle control device (not shown). Then, the rotary electric machine 80 is controlled via the inverter 10.
- the actual current flowing through the stator coil 8 of each phase of the rotary electric machine 80 is detected by the current sensor 15, and the magnetic pole position of the rotor of the rotary electric machine 80 at each time point is detected by the rotation sensor 13 such as a resolver.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 executes current feedback control using the detection results of the current sensor 15 and the rotary sensor 13.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 is configured to have various functional units for current feedback control, and each functional unit is realized by the cooperation of hardware such as a microcomputer and software (program). To.
- the block diagram of FIG. 2 simply shows a part of the functional parts of the rotary electric machine control device 1.
- the actual current (U-phase current Iu, V-phase current Iv, W-phase current Iw) flowing through the rotary electric machine 80 is the direction of the magnetic field (magnetic flux) generated by the permanent magnet arranged in the rotor of the rotary electric machine 80.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 performs coordinate conversion by the three-phase two-phase coordinate conversion unit 55 based on the detection result ( ⁇ : magnetic pole position, electric angle) of the rotation sensor 13.
- the current feedback control unit 5 has a current command (d-axis current command Id * , q-axis current command Iq * ) based on the torque command of the rotary electric machine 80 and an actual current (d-axis) in the dq-axis orthogonal vector coordinate system.
- the rotary electric machine 80 is feedback-controlled based on the deviation from the current Id and the q-axis current Iq) to calculate the voltage command (d-axis voltage command Vd * , q-axis voltage command Vq *).
- the rotary electric machine 80 is driven via two inverters 10 of a first inverter 11 and a second inverter 12.
- the d-axis voltage command Vd * and the q-axis voltage command Vq * are the first d-axis voltage command Vd1 * and the first q-axis voltage command Vq1 * for the first inverter 11 in the distribution unit 53 (DIV), respectively. 2 It is distributed to the second d-axis voltage command Vd2 * and the second q-axis voltage command Vq2 * for the inverter 12.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 can control each of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 by a control method independent of each other, and has a three-phase voltage command calculation unit 73 and a modulation unit 74 (MOD). ) Is provided for two voltage control units 7. That is, the rotary electric machine control device 1 is a first voltage control unit 71 that generates switching control signals (Su1, Sv1, Sw1) for each of the U phase, V phase, and W phase of the first inverter 11, and the second inverter 12. It includes a second voltage control unit 72 that generates switching control signals (Su2, Sv2, Sw2) for each of the U phase, V phase, and W phase. Details will be described later with reference to FIGS.
- the modulation method includes synchronous modulation synchronized with the rotation of the rotary electric machine 80 and asynchronous modulation independent of the rotation of the rotary electric machine 80.
- the block for generating a switching control signal by synchronous modulation generation flow in the case of software
- the block for generating a switching control signal by asynchronous modulation are different.
- the voltage control unit 7 described above generates a switching control signal based on a voltage command and a carrier that is not synchronized with the rotation of the rotary electric machine 80.
- synchronization is performed.
- the switching control signal by modulation (for example, the switching control signal in the case of the rectangular wave control described later) will also be described as being generated by the voltage control unit 7.
- each arm 3A of the inverter 10 is composed of a series circuit of the upper switching element 3H and the lower switching element 3L.
- the switching control signals of each phase are output as two types, an upper stage switching control signal and a lower stage switching control signal.
- the first U-phase switching control signal Su1 that switches and controls the U-phase of the first inverter 11 is the first U-phase upper switching control signal Su1 + with a trailing “+” and the trailing “ ⁇ ”. It is output as two signals with the 1U phase lower stage switching control signal Su1-.
- the upper switching element 3H and the lower switching element 3L constituting each arm 3A are turned on at the same time, the arm 3A is short-circuited. In order to prevent this, a dead time is provided for both the upper switching control signal and the lower switching control signal for each arm 3A to be in an ineffective state. This dead time is also added in the voltage control unit 7.
- each switching element 3 constituting the inverter 10 are connected to the rotary electric machine control device 1 via the drive circuit 2 (DRV). , Each is individually switched and controlled.
- a high-voltage circuit (system connected to the DC power supply 6) for driving the rotary electric machine 80 such as the inverter 10 and a low-voltage circuit (from 3.3 volts) such as the rotary electric machine control device 1 centered on a microcomputer or the like.
- the operating voltage power supply voltage of the circuit
- the drive circuit 2 relays by increasing the driving ability of the driving signal (switching control signal) for each switching element 3 (for example, the ability to operate a subsequent circuit such as voltage amplitude and output current).
- the first drive circuit 21 relays the switching control signal to the first inverter 11, and the second drive circuit 22 relays the switching control signal to the second inverter 12.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 as a form of a switching pattern (a form of voltage waveform control) of the switching element 3 constituting the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12, for example, a plurality of pulses having different patterns in one cycle of the electric angle are generated. Performing two operations: pulse width modulation (PWM) control and square wave control (1 pulse control (1-Pulse)) in which one pulse is output in one cycle of the electric angle. Can be done. That is, the rotary electric machine control device 1 can execute pulse width modulation control and square wave control as control methods for the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12. As described above, the rotary electric machine control device 1 can control each of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 by a control method independent of each other.
- PWM pulse width modulation
- square wave control (1 pulse control (1-Pulse)
- pulse width modulation includes continuous pulse width modulation (CPWM: Continuous PWM) such as sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM: Sinusoidal PWM) and space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM: Space Vector PWM), and discontinuous pulse width.
- CPWM Continuous PWM
- SPWM sinusoidal pulse width modulation
- SVPWM Space Vector PWM
- DPWM Discontinuous PWM
- the pulse width modulation control that can be executed by the rotary electric machine control device 1 includes continuous pulse width modulation control and discontinuous pulse width modulation as control methods.
- Continuous pulse width modulation is a modulation method that continuously performs pulse width modulation for all of the multi-phase arm 3A, and discontinuous pulse width modulation is a switching element turned on or off for a part of the multi-phase arm 3A.
- This is a modulation method in which pulse width modulation is performed including a period of fixing to a state.
- discontinuous pulse width modulation for example, the signal level of the switching control signal of the inverter corresponding to one phase of the three-phase AC power is sequentially fixed, and the switching control signal corresponding to the other two phases is fixed. The signal level of is fluctuated.
- continuous pulse width modulation all phases are modulated without fixing the switching control signal corresponding to any phase in this way.
- These modulation methods include operating conditions such as rotational speed and torque required for the rotary electric machine 80, and the modulation factor required to satisfy the operating conditions (effective value of the three-phase AC line voltage with respect to the DC bus voltage). Is determined according to the ratio of
- a pulse is generated based on the magnitude relationship between the amplitude of the AC waveform as a voltage command and the amplitude of the waveform of the carrier (CA) in the shape of a triangular wave (including a sawtooth wave) (see FIG. 7 and the like). ..
- the PWM waveform is directly generated by digital calculation without comparison with the carrier, but even in that case, the amplitude of the AC waveform as the command value and the amplitude of the virtual carrier waveform have a correlation.
- the carrier In pulse width modulation by digital calculation, the carrier is determined according to the control cycle of the rotary electric machine control device 1, such as the calculation cycle of a microcomputer and the operation cycle of an electronic circuit. That is, even when a plurality of phases of AC power are used to drive the AC rotary electric machine 80, the carrier is not constrained by the rotation speed and rotation angle (electrical angle) of the rotary electric machine 80 (non-synchronous cycle). have. Therefore, neither the carrier nor each pulse generated based on the carrier is synchronized with the rotation of the rotary electric machine 80. Therefore, modulation methods such as sinusoidal pulse width modulation and space vector pulse width modulation may be referred to as asynchronous modulation.
- a modulation method in which a pulse is generated in synchronization with the rotation of the rotary electric machine 80 is called synchronous modulation.
- synchronous modulation a modulation method in which a pulse is generated in synchronization with the rotation of the rotary electric machine 80.
- square wave control square wave modulation
- one pulse is output for each electric angle cycle of the rotary electric machine 80, so that the square wave modulation is synchronous modulation.
- the maximum modulation factor of sinusoidal pulse width modulation is about 0.61 ( ⁇ 0.612), and the maximum modulation factor of space vector pulse width modulation control is about 0.71 ( ⁇ 0.707).
- a modulation method having a modulation factor exceeding about 0.71 is called “overmodulation pulse width modulation” as a modulation method in which the modulation factor is higher than usual.
- the maximum modulation factor of "overmodulation pulse width modulation” is about 0.78. This 0.78 is a physical (mathematical) limit value in power conversion from direct current to alternating current.
- the modulation factor In the overmodulation pulse width modulation, when the modulation factor reaches 0.78, it becomes a square wave modulation (1 pulse modulation) in which one pulse is output in one cycle of the electric angle. In square wave modulation, the modulation factor is fixed at the physical limit of about 0.78.
- Overmodulation pulse width modulation with a modulation factor of less than 0.78 can be realized by using either the synchronous modulation method or the asynchronous modulation method.
- a typical modulation method for overmodulation pulse width modulation is discontinuous pulse width modulation.
- Discontinuous pulse width modulation can be realized by using either a synchronous modulation method or an asynchronous modulation method. For example, when the synchronous modulation method is used, in the square wave modulation, one pulse is output in one cycle of the electric angle, but in the discontinuous pulse width modulation, a plurality of pulses are output in one cycle of the electric angle. When a plurality of pulses are present in one cycle of the electric angle, the effective period of the pulses is reduced by that amount, so that the modulation factor is lowered.
- Multi-Pulses multi-pulse modulation
- 9-Pulses 9-pulse modulation
- 5-Pulses 5-pulse modulation
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 can execute shutdown control (SDN) and active short circuit control (ASC) as fail-safe control when an abnormality is detected in the inverter 10 or the rotary electric machine 80.
- SDN shutdown control
- ASC active short circuit control
- Shutdown control is a control in which switching control signals to all switching elements 3 constituting the inverter 10 are inactive and the inverter 10 is turned off.
- Active short circuit control is a control in which one side of the upper switching element 3H of all the arms 3A of the plurality of phases or the lower switching element 3L of the arms 3A of all the multiple phases is turned on and the other side is turned off. is there.
- upper active short circuit control The case where the upper switching element 3H of all the arms 3A of the plurality of phases is turned on and the lower switching element 3L of all the arms 3A of the plurality of phases is turned off is referred to as upper active short circuit control. Further, the case where the lower switching element 3L of all the arms 3A of the plurality of phases is turned on and the upper switching element 3H of all the arms 3A of the plurality of phases is turned off is referred to as lower active short circuit control.
- inverters 10 When inverters 10 are connected to both ends of the stator coil 8 as in the present embodiment, when one inverter 10 is short-circuited by active short circuit control, a plurality of phases of the stator coil 8 are connected to the one inverter 10. It is short-circuited. That is, one of the inverters 10 becomes a neutral point, and the stator coil 8 is connected in a Y shape. Therefore, the rotary electric machine control device 1 controls the open winding type rotary electric machine 80 via two inverters 10 and one inverter 10 (inverter 10 on the side not controlled by the active short circuit). It is possible to realize a form in which the rotary electric machine 80 with a Y-type connection is controlled.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 can further execute active short circuit control as a control method for the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12.
- the signal level of the three-phase switching control signal of the lower switching element 3L is a signal level complementary to the switching control signal of the upper switching element 3H, respectively. Therefore, the space vector can be defined by the signal level of either the upper stage side or the lower stage side switching control signal.
- each switching control signal When the signal level of each switching control signal is high level, it is set to "1", when it is low level, it is set to "0", and the signal level of the U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase switching control signals is indicated by (UVW).
- (000) and (111) are called zero vectors or null vectors because the line voltage becomes zero and no voltage is applied to the rotary electric machine 80, and the dq-axis vector coordinate system. The same coordinates are shown in.
- the other six space vectors are called active vectors and show different coordinates in the dq-axis vector coordinate system.
- Z0 indicates the coordinates of the null vector in the dq-axis vector coordinate system (10 vectors have the same coordinates).
- Z1 to Z6 indicate the coordinates of the active vector realized by substantially one inverter 10 in the dq-axis vector coordinate system.
- Z7 to Z18 indicate the coordinates corresponding to the active vectors realized by the two inverters 10 in the dq-axis vector coordinate system.
- Z1 is (000-011), (100-000), (100-111), (111-011)
- Z2 is (000-001), (110-000), (110-111), (111-001)
- Z3 is (000-101), (010-000), (010-111), (111-101)
- Z4 is (000-100), (011-000), (011-111), (111) -100)
- Z5 is (000-110), (001-000), (001-111), (111-110),
- Z6 is (000-010), (101-000), (101-111), (111-010) is included.
- These 24 space vectors are a combination in which the space vector of one inverter 10 is a null vector and the space vector of the other inverter 10 is an active vector.
- the 12 spatial vectors also have the coordinates of Z1 to Z6, respectively. Shown. However, this is a combination in which one of the inverters 10 is not a null vector and the two inverters 10 are both active vectors.
- Z7 is (100-001), (110-011), Z8 is (010-001), (110-101), Z9 is (010-100), (011-101), Z10 is (001-100), (011-110), Z11 correspond to (001-010), (101-110), Z12 corresponds to 12 spatial vectors of (100-010), (101-011). Further, Z13 is (100-011), Z14 is (110-001), Z15 is (010-101), Z16 is (011-100), Z17 is (001-110), and Z18 is (101-010). Corresponds to 6 space vectors.
- FIG. 4 illustrates a vector diagram at one operating point in the dq-axis vector coordinate system of the rotary electric machine 80.
- V1 indicates a first voltage vector indicating the voltage generated by the first inverter 11
- V2 indicates a second voltage vector indicating the voltage generated by the second inverter 12.
- the voltage appearing in the stator coil 8 which is an open winding through the two inverters 10 corresponds to the difference “V1-V2” between the first voltage vector V1 and the second voltage vector V2.
- “Va” in the figure indicates a combined voltage vector appearing in the stator coil 8.
- Ia indicates a current flowing through the stator coil 8 of the rotary electric machine 80. As shown in FIG.
- the two inverters 10 have the same control method. Switching is controlled. However, the switching control method is determined so that operation with higher system efficiency is possible depending on various factors (operating conditions) such as torque required for the rotary electric machine 80, rotation speed, and voltage on the DC side. It is preferable to be done. Therefore, the rotary electric machine control device 1 has a control mode in which the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 are controlled by different control methods according to the operation area (control area R) of the rotary electric machine 80.
- FIG. 5 shows an example of the relationship between the rotational speed and torque of the rotary electric machine 80.
- the control region R of the rotary electric machine 80 at least the first speed range VR1 and the second speed range in which the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine 80 at the same torque T is higher than the first speed range VR1.
- VR2 is set.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 can control each of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 by a plurality of control methods having different switching patterns and can be controlled by control methods independent of each other. is there.
- the control methods include pulse width modulation control (PWM) in which multiple pulses with different patterns are output in one cycle of the electrical angle, and first period T1 (see FIG. 8 and the like), which is 1/2 cycle of the electrical angle.
- PWM pulse width modulation control
- MX-PWM mixed pulse width modulation control
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 controls both the inverters of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 by the mixed pulse width modulation control in the second speed range VR2.
- the switching control signal is ineffective even in the second period T2
- the loss of the inverter 10 is reduced, and the harmonic current due to switching is also reduced, so that the loss of the rotary electric machine 80 (iron). Loss) is also reduced. That is, the system loss can be reduced by executing the mixed pulse width modulation control.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 controls each of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 by a control method different from the mixed pulse width modulation control.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 actively short-circuits one of the inverters 10 (here, the first inverter 11) of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 in the first speed range VR1. It is controlled by circuit control (ASC), and the other inverter 10 (here, the second inverter 12) is controlled by pulse width modulation control (PWM).
- ASC circuit control
- PWM pulse width modulation control
- Such control in the first speed range VR1 is referred to as a target first speed range control.
- Table 1 illustrates a mode in which the first inverter 11 is controlled by active short circuit control in the first speed range VR1, but of course, a mode in which the second inverter 12 is controlled by active short circuit control. It may be.
- the control method for controlling the first inverter 11 and the control method for controlling the second inverter 12 may be alternately replaced according to predetermined conditions. By switching the control method, only one of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 is consumed, and the discharge amount of only one of the first DC power supply 61 and the second DC power supply 62 increases. Can be suppressed.
- the defined conditions are, for example, a certain period of time or the amount of discharge of the DC power supply 6.
- the rotational speed of the rotary electric machine 80 in the same torque T as the low speed side first speed region VR1-1 on the low speed side in the first speed region VR1 is low. It is higher than the side first speed range VR1-1, and the high speed side first speed range VR1-2 in the first speed range VR1 may be set.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 uses one of the inverters 10 (here, the first inverter 11) of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 in the low speed side first speed range VR1-1. It is controlled by active short circuit control, and the other inverter 10 (here, the second inverter 12) is controlled by continuous pulse width modulation control.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 controls one of the inverters 10 (here, the first inverter 11) of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 by active short circuit control in the first speed range VR1-2 on the high speed side. Then, the other inverter 10 (here, the second inverter 12) is controlled by discontinuous pulse width modulation control.
- the first speed range VR1 When the first speed range VR1 is not divided into the low speed side first speed range VR1-1 and the high speed side first speed range VR1-2, that is, as shown in Table 1, the first speed range
- the pulse width modulation control when only VR1 is set is preferably continuous pulse width modulation (CPWM).
- Table 2 illustrates a mode in which the first inverter 11 is controlled by active short circuit control in the low speed side first speed range VR1-1 and the high speed side first speed range VR1-2.
- the second inverter 12 may be controlled by active short circuit control.
- the first inverter 11 is controlled by active short circuit control in the low speed side first speed range VR1-1
- the second inverter 12 is controlled by active short circuit control in the high speed side first speed range VR1-2.
- the inverter 10 to be controlled by the active short circuit control may be different between the low speed side first speed range VR1-1 and the high speed side first speed range VR1-2 (including the reverse combination).
- control method for controlling the first inverter 11 and the second in the low speed side first speed range VR1-1 and the high speed side first speed range VR1-2 (that is, the large 1 speed range VR1).
- the control method for controlling the inverter 12 may be alternately replaced according to predetermined conditions.
- the mixed pulse width modulation control may include a mixed continuous pulse width modulation control (MX-CPWM) and a mixed discontinuous pulse width modulation control (MX-DPWM).
- the ineffective state is controlled to continue in the second period T2, and the pulse width modulation is continuously performed for all of the multi-phase arm 3A in the first period T1. (See below with reference to FIGS. 8 and 10).
- the ineffective state is controlled to continue in the second period T2, and the switching element 3 is used for a part of the arms 3A of the plurality of phases in the first period T1.
- the pulse width modulation is performed including a period for fixing the on state or the off state (described later with reference to FIGS. 9 and 11).
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 mixes and continuously mixes the inverters 10 of both the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 in the low speed side second speed range VR2-1. It is controlled by pulse width modulation control (MX-CPWM), and in the second speed range VR2-2 on the high speed side, both inverters 10 of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 are mixed and discontinuous pulse width modulation control (MX-). It is controlled by DPWM).
- MX-CPWM pulse width modulation control
- DPWM discontinuous pulse width modulation control
- the second speed range VR2 is not divided into the low speed side second speed range VR2-1 and the high speed side second speed range VR2-2, that is, as shown in Tables 1 and 2, the second speed range is
- the mixed pulse width modulation control (MX-PWM) when only the two speed range VR2 is set is preferably the mixed continuous pulse width modulation control (MX-CPWM).
- a third speed region VR3 in which the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine 80 in the same torque T is higher than that of the second speed region VR2 may be further set.
- Table 4 illustrates the allocation of the control method when the first speed range VR1 and the second speed range VR2 are divided into two regions, a low speed side and a high speed side, respectively.
- the description in the table is omitted because the third speed range VR3 may be added to Table 1.
- each control region R is the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine 80 according to the torque of the rotary electric machine 80 and the effective value (even if it is a command value) of the line voltage of the multi-phase AC voltage with respect to the DC bus voltage. It is preferable that the value is set according to at least one of the ratio (which may be a converted value from the output voltage).
- the operating conditions of the rotary electric machine 80 are often defined by the relationship between the rotational speed and the torque, as illustrated in FIGS. 5 to 7. It is preferable that the control region R is set based on one parameter, the rotation speed. Here, it is possible to set the rotation speed that defines the boundary of the control area R to be constant regardless of the torque, but the rotation speed that defines the boundary of the control area R becomes a different value depending on the torque. It is more preferable that it is set as such. By doing so, the rotary electric machine 80 can be driven and controlled with high efficiency according to the operating conditions of the rotary electric machine 80.
- the DC bus voltage is increased or the DC bus voltage is converted into an AC voltage.
- the requirement is realized by increasing the value.
- the requirement can be realized by increasing the ratio of the DC bus voltage converted to the AC voltage.
- This ratio shall be shown as the ratio of the effective value of the three-phase AC power to the DC bus power (in the case of a voltage type inverter, it is equivalent to the ratio of the effective value of the line voltage of the three-phase AC voltage to the DC bus voltage).
- the inter-terminal voltage "E1" of the first DC power supply 61 and the inter-terminal voltage "E2" of the second DC power supply 62 are the same (both are voltages "E”).
- the modulation factor "Mi_inv1" of the first inverter 11 and the modulation of the second inverter 12 The rate “Mi_inv2” is as shown in the following equations (1) and (2).
- the modulation factor "Mi_sys" of the entire system is as shown in the following equation (3).
- the modulation rate "Mi_sys" of the entire system is "(Mi_inv1 + Mi_inv2) from the equations (1) to (3). ) / 2 ”.
- Table 5 shows the modulation factors corresponding to the respective control regions R as rated values. Therefore, in actual control, the modulation factor corresponding to each control area R may include an overlapping range in consideration of hunting or the like when the control method changes in the control area R.
- the modulation factor "X” is set based on the theoretical upper limit value (generally 0.707) of the modulation factor by continuous pulse width modulation (spatial vector pulse width modulation), and further in consideration of the dead time. As shown in Tables 1 to 5, etc., in the first speed range VR1, modulation may be performed by only one inverter 10. Therefore, in the first speed range VR1, the maximum modulation factor “2X” of one inverter 10 (here, the second inverter 12) is the theoretical upper limit value (spatial vector pulse width modulation) of the modulation factor by continuous pulse width modulation control. Approximately 0.707), and further, in consideration of the dead time, it is set to, for example, about 0.5 to 0.6. Therefore, the modulation factor "X” is set to a value of, for example, about 0.25 to 0.3. The modulation factors "a” and “b” are appropriately set based on experiments, simulations, and the like.
- one of the two inverters 10 (for example, the first inverter 11) is controlled by active short circuit control. That is, substantially only one of the two inverters 10 (for example, the second inverter 12) drives the rotary electric machine 80. Since one of the inverters 10 does not perform the switching operation, the switching loss can be reduced by that amount, and as a result, the rotary electric machine 80 can be driven while suppressing the loss of the entire system.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 does not need to control the two inverters 10 so that the amplitude of alternating current is always large.
- the rotational speed of the rotary electric machine 80 is low, it can be generated by one inverter 10. It may be sufficient to generate a high AC voltage.
- the three-phase stator coil 8 is short-circuited in the one inverter 10.
- the other inverter 10 drives and controls the rotary electric machine 80 having the stator coil 8 connected so as to have a neutral point.
- the modulation factor by continuous pulse width modulation is larger in space vector pulse width modulation than in sinusoidal pulse width modulation, and further, discontinuous pulse width modulation is larger than space vector pulse width modulation.
- the high speed side first speed range VR1-2 is a control region in which the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine 80 is higher than that of the low speed side first speed range VR1-1, and is on the high speed side.
- the first speed range VR1-2 requires a higher modulation factor than the low speed side first speed range VR1-1.
- the highest modulation factor is required.
- the inverters 10 of both the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 are controlled by the rectangular wave control which is the physically maximum modulation factor. That is, when a high load is required for the rotary electric machine 80, the rotary electric machine 80 can be appropriately driven.
- the second speed region VR2 is located between the first speed region VR1 and the third speed region VR3, and corresponds to the so-called intermediate speed region to high speed region or medium modulation rate region to high modulation rate region. It can be called a control area.
- this region second speed region VR2
- both the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 are controlled by continuous pulse width modulation control or discontinuous pulse width modulation control.
- both the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 are controlled by the mixed pulse width modulation control, thereby controlling by the continuous pulse width modulation control or the discontinuous pulse width modulation control.
- the switching loss of the inverter 10 can be further reduced as compared with the case.
- the application of mixed pulse width modulation control is particularly effective in the low speed side second speed range VR2-1. That is, at least in the low speed side second speed region VR2-1, when the mixed continuous pulse width modulation control is executed, the system loss is reduced.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 replaces the mixed discontinuous pulse width modulation control with both the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12.
- Inverter 10 may be controlled by discontinuous pulse width modulation control.
- MX-PWM mixed pulse width modulation control
- FIGS. 8 to 11 show mixed continuous pulse width modulation control (MX-CPWM)
- FIGS. 9 and 11 show mixed discontinuous pulse width modulation control (MX-DPWM).
- FIG 8 and 9 show the first carrier CA1 which is the carrier CA of the first inverter 11, the second carrier CA2 which is the carrier CA of the second inverter 12, and the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12.
- An example of the common U-phase voltage command Vu ** which is a U-phase voltage command, the first U-phase upper stage switching control signal Su1 +, and the second U-phase upper stage switching control signal Su2 + is shown.
- the first U phase lower stage switching control signal Su1-, the second U phase lower stage switching control signal Su2-, and the V phase and W phase are not shown (the same applies to other control methods).
- the first carrier CA1 changes between “0.5 ⁇ CA1 ⁇ 1”
- the second carrier CA2 changes between “0 ⁇ CA2 ⁇ 0.5”
- the voltage command (V ** ) is , "0 ⁇ V ** ⁇ 1”.
- the switching control signal becomes "1" when the voltage command is carrier CA or higher, and the voltage command is the carrier CA. If it is less than, the switching control signal becomes “0”.
- the comparison logic between the carrier CA and the voltage command (V ** ) is the same in the following description.
- the amplitudes of the first carrier CA1 and the second carrier CA2 are half the amplitudes allowed for the voltage command (V **).
- the amplitude of the carrier CA is equivalent to the amplitude allowed for the voltage command
- the carrier CA in mixed pulse width modulation can be referred to as a half carrier.
- a pulse that is partially in an effective state is output as a switching control signal even in the second period T2. This is because the modulation factor of the base discontinuous pulse width modulation is larger than that of the continuous pulse width modulation.
- the pulse to be valid state in the second period T2 is output, the amplitude near the center of the voltage command (V **), which is near the inflection point of the voltage command (V **).
- V ** the amplitude near the center of the voltage command
- V ** the inflection point of the voltage command
- the second period T2 is limited to the period in which the switching control signal is ineffective (the period less than 1/2 cycle), and the second period T2 is set to a period other than the second period T2 (a period of 1/2 cycle or more) in one cycle.
- mixed pulse width modulation can also be defined as follows: In the mixed pulse width modulation control, a plurality of pulses having different patterns are output in the first period T1 which is 1/2 cycle or more of the electric angle, and the ineffective state is in the second period T2 which is the rest of one cycle of the electric angle. It can also be controlled to continue.
- 10 and 11 illustrate different forms of mixed continuous pulse width modulation control and mixed discontinuous pulse width modulation control from FIGS. 8 and 9.
- the switching control signals generated are the same.
- 10 and 11 show a first carrier CA1 which is a carrier CA of the first inverter 11, a second carrier CA2 which is a carrier CA of the second inverter 12, and a U-phase voltage command of the first inverter 11.
- 1U phase voltage command V1 ** , 2nd U phase voltage command V2 ** which is a U phase voltage command of the 2nd inverter 12, 1st U phase upper stage switching control signal Su1 +, 2nd U phase upper stage switching control signal Su2 + An example of is shown.
- the first carrier CA1 and the second carrier CA2 change between "0.5 ⁇ CA1 ⁇ 1", and the voltage command (V ** ) can change between "0 ⁇ V ** ⁇ 1".
- the first carrier CA1 and the second carrier CA2 are 180 degrees ( ⁇ ) different in phase.
- the first U phase voltage command Vu1 ** and the second U phase voltage command Vu2 ** are 180 degrees ( ⁇ ) different in phase.
- the amplitudes of the first carrier CA1 and the second carrier CA2 are half the amplitudes allowed for the voltage command (V **). Therefore, the carrier CA in the form shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 is also a half carrier.
- a half carrier and a voltage command (V ** ) intersect in the first period T1 which is 1/2 cycle (or 1/2 cycle or more) of the electric angle. Therefore, a plurality of pulses having different patterns are output as switching control signals.
- the switching control signal is output so that the ineffective state continues.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 is a method of modulating by two half carriers and a voltage command (V ** ) as one common reference, and can be called a double half carrier / single reference method.
- the modes illustrated in FIGS. 10 and 11 are a system in which modulation is performed by two half carriers and two voltage commands (V ** ), and can be called a double half carrier double reference system.
- the half carrier (1st carrier CA1, 2nd carrier CA2), which is a carrier CA with a wave height of 1/2 of the range, and the command value.
- the mixed pulse width modulation control method two methods, a double half carrier single reference method and a double half carrier double reference method, are exemplified as the mixed pulse width modulation control method.
- the high voltage side or the low voltage side of the command value (common U-phase voltage command Vu ** ) as the half carrier is located on the high voltage side or the low voltage side.
- the other side here, low voltage
- the amplitude center of the command value (common U-phase voltage command Vu ** ) in the same phase as the first half carrier (first carrier CA1).
- a pulse for the second inverter 12 is generated based on the second half carrier (second carrier CA2) set on the voltage side) and the command value (common U-phase voltage command Vu **).
- the first command value (first U phase voltage command Vu1) for the first half carrier (first carrier CA1) and the first inverter 11 set on either the higher voltage side or the lower voltage side (here, the high voltage side). ** ) and generate a pulse for the first inverter 11.
- the second half carrier (first carrier) set on the same side (high voltage side) as the first half carrier (first carrier CA1) with a phase 180 degrees different from that of the first half carrier (first carrier CA1).
- the 2 carrier CA2) and the 1st command value (1st U phase voltage command Vu1 ** ) are based on the 2nd command value (2nd U phase voltage command Vu2 ** ) for the 2nd inverter 12 whose phase is 180 degrees different. Generates a pulse for the second inverter 12.
- a pulse can be generated by a single half carrier / double reference method that generates a pulse based on a common half carrier and a command value whose phase is 180 degrees different from each other. That is, in this method, the common half carrier (carrier CA) is either the high voltage side or the low voltage side of the amplitude center of the command value (first U phase voltage command Vu1 ** , second U phase voltage command Vu2 **). (For example, on the high voltage side), the pulse for the first inverter 11 is set based on the half carrier (carrier CA) and the first command value (first U phase voltage command Vu1 **) for the first inverter 11. Will be generated.
- the common half carrier carrier CA
- the pulse for the first inverter 11 is set based on the half carrier (carrier CA) and the first command value (first U phase voltage command Vu1 **) for the first inverter 11. Will be generated.
- the first command value (the 1U-phase voltage command Vu1 **) the second command value for the second inverter 12 having a phase difference of 180 degrees (the first 2U phase voltage command Vu2 **) a half carrier A pulse for the second inverter 12 is generated based on (carrier CA).
- the double half carrier single reference method and the double half carrier double reference method have higher harmonic components, especially at the carrier CA frequency, than the single half carrier double reference method. Has been confirmed to be suppressed. Therefore, it is preferable that the mixed pulse width modulation control is executed by the double half carrier single reference method or the double half carrier double reference method.
- the waveform diagram of FIG. 12 shows the first U-phase voltage command Vu1 ** , which is the U-phase voltage command of the first inverter 11 in the low-speed side first speed range VR1-1, and the U-phase voltage command of the second inverter 12.
- An example of the second U phase voltage command Vu2 ** , the carrier CA, the first U phase upper stage switching control signal Su1 +, and the second U phase upper stage switching control signal Su2 + is shown.
- the carrier CA changes between "0 ⁇ CA ⁇ 1"
- the voltage command (V ** ) changes between "0 ⁇ V ** ⁇ 1".
- the second inverter 12 is controlled by continuous pulse width modulation control in the low speed side first speed range VR1-1. As shown in FIG. 12, a pulsed second U phase upper stage switching control signal Su2 + is generated based on the carrier CA and the second U phase voltage command Vu2 **.
- the first U phase voltage command Vu1 ** is fixed to, for example, "0".
- the switching control signal Su1 + on the upper stage side of the 1st U phase is always “0".
- the switching control signal Su1- on the lower stage side of the 1st U phase is always “1”.
- the upper switching element 3H (31H) of the U-phase arm 3A of the first inverter 11 is controlled to the off state, and the lower switching element 3L (31L) is controlled to the on state.
- the first U phase switching control signal Su1 may be set to a fixed value without setting the first U phase voltage command Vu1 **.
- the waveform diagram of FIG. 13 shows the first U phase voltage command Vu1 ** , the second U phase voltage command Vu2 ** , the carrier CA, and the first U phase upper stage switching control signal in the high speed side first speed range VR1-2.
- An example of Su1 + and the second U phase upper switching control signal Su2 + is shown. Since the first inverter 11 is controlled by active short circuit control in the high speed side first speed range VR1-2 as in the low speed side first speed range VR1-1, the first U phase voltage command Vu1 ** is fixed. The value.
- the second inverter 12 is controlled by discontinuous pulse width modulation control in the first speed region VR1-2 on the high speed side.
- the 1st U phase upper switching control signal Su1 + becomes a fixed value, and the switching element 3 (32) is fixed to the on state or the off state. Will be done.
- the waveform diagram of FIG. 14 shows the first U phase voltage command Vu1 ** , the second U phase voltage command Vu2 ** , the carrier CA, the first U phase upper switching control signal Su1 +, and the second U in the third speed range VR3.
- An example of the phase upper stage switching control signal Su2 + is shown.
- both the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 are controlled by the rectangular wave control.
- the carrier CA is not required, but the carrier CA is also shown for easy comparison with other control methods.
- the waveform diagram of FIG. 15 shows the first U-phase voltage when both inverters 10 are controlled by discontinuous pulse width modulation control in the second speed region VR2-2 on the high speed side.
- An example of the command V1 ** , the second U phase voltage command Vu2 ** , the carrier CA, the first U phase upper switching control signal Su1 +, and the second U phase upper switching control signal Su2 + is shown.
- the first U phase voltage command Vu1 ** and the second U phase voltage command Vu2 * * Is a phase that is approximately 180 degrees different.
- the maximum amplitude of the U-phase voltage is “(4/3) E” and the maximum amplitude of the line voltage is “2E” (see also the vector diagrams of FIGS. 3 and 4).
- the first DC power supply 61 and the second DC power supply 62 are independent, and the first DC bus voltage E1 of the first DC power supply 61 and the second DC bus voltage E2 of the second DC power supply 62 are different. It may be a value.
- the pulsating component superimposed on the fundamental wave of the alternating current may generate noise in the audible frequency band.
- the two inverters 10 are controlled by different control methods, pulsation corresponding to each control method may occur, and noise in the audible frequency band may increase.
- the control method of the rotary electric machine 80 that is, the control method of the inverter 10 is appropriately set according to the operating conditions so that the operation with high system efficiency and the reduction of audible noise can be compatible with each other.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 of the present embodiment is provided so that the loss reduction priority mode and the noise reduction priority mode can be switched as the control mode of the rotary electric machine 80.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 executes the target first speed range control in the first speed range VR1 as described above, and substitutes for the target first speed range control in the noise reduction priority mode. 1 Perform speed range control.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 pulses the inverters 10 of both the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 in the first speed range VR1 as shown in Table 7 below.
- the alternative first speed range control controlled by the width modulation control (continuous pulse width modulation control) is executed in place of the target first speed range control.
- the pulsating component superimposed on the fundamental wave of the alternating current may generate noise in the audible frequency band.
- the frequency of the pulsating component or its sideband frequency
- the two inverters 10 are controlled by different control methods, pulsation corresponding to each control method may occur, and noise in the audible frequency band may increase.
- the loss reduction priority mode since only one inverter 10 is driven in the first speed range VR1 and the second speed range VR2 in which the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine 80 is relatively low, noise in different frequency bands is generated by the two inverters 10.
- the noise energy is high.
- the noise accompanying the running of the vehicle (running noise such as the ground contact sound between the tire and the road surface) is also small, so that the noise output from one driven inverter 10 If is noise in the audible frequency band, the noise may be easier for the user to hear.
- the noise reduction priority mode is selected in consideration of the fact that noise in the audible frequency band is easily heard by the user when the vehicle starts or decelerates to stop, and the loss reduction priority is given when the vehicle is in steady driving. It is preferable that the mode is selected. Note that these modes may be selected by an operation by the user (setting switch (including input from a touch panel or the like)).
- the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 are controlled by the same control method in the first speed range VR1 and the second speed range VR2 in which the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine 80 is relatively low. Further, the two inverters 10 that pass a current through the stator coil 8 are different in the phase of the current by about 180 degrees. When the two inverters 10 are controlled by the same control method, the phases of the currents including the pulsating component are different by approximately 180 degrees. Therefore, at least a part of the pulsating components can cancel each other out, and noise in the audible frequency band can be reduced.
- the waveform diagram of FIG. 16 shows the first U phase voltage command Vu1 ** , the second U phase voltage command Vu2 ** , the carrier CA, and the first U phase upper stage switching control in the first speed range VR1 in the noise reduction priority mode.
- An example of the signal Su1 + and the second U phase upper switching control signal Su2 + is shown.
- Table 7 in the noise reduction priority mode, both the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 are controlled by continuous pulse width modulation control in the first speed range VR1.
- the mixed continuous pulse width modulation control (MX-CPWM) is performed in the second speed range VR2 (when divided).
- the embodiment executed in the second speed range VR2-1) on the low speed side is illustrated.
- the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 Mixed continuous pulse width modulation control (MX-CPWM) may be performed for both. That is, as the target first speed range control, both the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 may be controlled by the mixed continuous pulse width modulation control (MX-CPWM).
- the target first speed range control executed in the first speed range VR1 is the method described with reference to Tables 1 to 6 (one inverter 10 is active short circuit control (ASC). (ASC / PWM)) and the method described with reference to Table 8 (both inverters 10 are controlled by mixed continuous pulse width modulation (MX-CPWM) (MX-CPWM / MX). -CPWM)), and there are two. Further, as described with reference to Table 7, in the noise reduction priority mode, the alternative first speed range control is executed in the first speed range VR1 instead of the target first speed range control.
- the alternative first speed range control is a method (CPWM / CPWM) in which both inverters 10 are controlled by continuous pulse width modulation (CPWM). That is, there are three control methods executed in the first speed range VR1: "ASC / PWM”, “MX-CPWM / MX-CPWM”, and "CPWM / CPWM”.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 does not need to control the two inverters 10 so that the amplitude of alternating current is always large.
- the rotational speed of the rotary electric machine 80 is low, it can be generated by one inverter 10. It may be sufficient to generate a high AC voltage. Therefore, in the above-described embodiment described with reference to Tables 1 to 6, one of the two inverters 10 is controlled by the active short circuit control as the target first speed range control. Was illustrated.
- the stator coils 8 are short-circuited in one of the inverters 10, and the rotary electric machine 80 becomes similar to a rotary electric machine in which the stator coils have an electrical neutral point. That is, the rotary electric machine 80 is driven by only one of the two inverters 10. Since the inverter 10 controlled by the active short circuit control does not perform the switching operation, the rotary electric machine 80 can be driven while suppressing the loss of the entire system.
- mixed pulse width modulation control is executed as the target first speed range control.
- the mixed pulse width modulation control is a control method that combines a period in which the pulse width is modulated and a period in which the pulse width is not modulated (fixed state) by about half a cycle during one cycle of the electric angle. Therefore, the rotary electric machine 80 is driven by only one of the two inverters 10 substantially every 1/2 cycle. Since the inverter 10 does not perform the switching operation during a period of about 1/2 of the drive time, the switching loss is reduced and the system loss is reduced.
- FIG. 17 to 19 show waveforms of three-phase currents (U-phase current Iu, V-phase current Iv, W-phase current Iw) flowing through the stator coil 8 in different control methods, and frequency characteristics (fast Fourier transform of the three-phase current (fast Fourier transform of the three-phase current).
- the analysis result by FFT) is shown.
- FIG. 17 shows the current and frequency characteristics of "MX-CPWM / MX-CPWM”
- FIG. 18 shows the current and frequency identification of "CPWM / CPWM”
- FIG. 19 shows the current in one inverter system as a comparative example. And the frequency characteristics are shown.
- the human audible frequency is about 20 [Hz] to 15 [kHz], but frequencies exceeding 10 [kHz] are generally difficult to hear, and frequencies near 5 [kHz] are easily perceived as noise.
- MX-C PWM / MX-C PWM and "ASC / PWM” executed in the loss reduction priority mode
- the harmonic component near 5 [kHz] is slightly increased as compared with the one inverter system.
- CPWM / CPWM executed in the noise reduction priority mode
- the harmonic component near 5 [kHz] is greatly reduced as compared with the one inverter system.
- the noise reduction priority mode is selected in consideration of the fact that noise in the audible frequency band is easily heard by the user.
- noise in the audible frequency band is difficult for the user to hear due to running noise, etc., and the time occupied in steady driving is much longer than in steady driving. It is preferable that the loss reduction priority mode is selected.
- the magnitude of the harmonic component in the audible frequency band (mainly the harmonic component of the sideband frequency “f ⁇ 3 fm” of the carrier CA frequency “f”) is generally ““ CPWM / CPWM ”.
- " ⁇ " ASC / PWM (" ASC / CPWM ") ⁇ " MX-CPWM / MX-CPWM "”.
- "MX-CPWM / MX-CPWM” is selected in the first speed range VR1, between the first speed range VR1 and the second speed range VR2. Controllability is improved because the same control method can be continued even if transitions occur frequently.
- ASC / PWM "ASC / CPWM" in the first speed range VR1. Is preferably selected.
- the control method in the first speed range VR1 in the loss reduction priority mode may be selected, for example, depending on whether the road on which the vehicle travels is an expressway or a general road (in the case of a general road, acceleration / deceleration). It is expected that there will be many, and "MX-C PWM / MX-C PWM" will be selected.)
- the control method may be selected according to the average traveling speed of the vehicle immediately before (when the average speed is low, it is expected that acceleration / deceleration is large and the average speed is decreasing, and "MX-CPWM / MX-CPWM". Is selected).
- it may be selected by an operation by the user (setting switch (including input from a touch panel or the like)).
- FIG. 20 shows an example of the control area of the rotary electric machine in a one-inverter system in which the three-phase stator coils 8 are connected at the neutral point as a comparative example.
- This inverter is controlled by continuous pulse width modulation control (CPWM) in the first region VR11 and by discontinuous pulse width modulation control (DPWM) in the second region VR12, for example, as shown in Table 9 below. It is controlled by the square wave control (1-Pulse) in the third region VR13.
- CPWM continuous pulse width modulation control
- DPWM discontinuous pulse width modulation control
- the modulation factor “Y” is a value larger than the modulation factor “X” illustrated in Tables 5 to 8, and is a theoretical upper limit value of the modulation factor by continuous pulse width modulation (spatial vector pulse width modulation). Based on (generally 0.707) and further considering the dead time, it is set to, for example, about 0.5 to 0.6.
- the second speed region VR2 is set in the region corresponding to the second region VR12 in which the discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) is executed in the one inverter system, and the characteristic mixing is performed.
- Pulse width modulation control (MX-PWM) is executed.
- MX-PWM Pulse width modulation control
- the mixed pulse width modulation control the loss of the inverter 10 is reduced, the harmonic current due to switching is also reduced, and the loss (iron loss) of the rotary electric machine 80 is also reduced. That is, the system loss can be reduced by executing the mixed pulse width modulation control.
- the first speed region VR1 in the region corresponding to the first region VR11, the loss of the entire system can be reduced in the loss reduction priority mode, and the noise can be reduced as well as the loss in the noise reduction priority mode. it can.
- 21 to 33 show a comparative example of a 1-inverter system and a 2-inverter system, and a comparative example of a control method in the 2-inverter system.
- 21 to 26 show comparative examples in a relatively low speed region (for example, first region VR11, first speed region VR1).
- 28 to 33 show comparative examples in a higher speed region (for example, second region VR12, second speed region VR2).
- FIG. 27 shows an example of the control region R of the rotary electric machine 80 of the two inverter system of the comparative example in which the discontinuous pulse width modulation control is executed for both inverters 10 in the second speed region VR2.
- FIG. 21 shows a comparative example of switching control signals (Su, Su1, Su2) and line voltage (Vuv).
- the left column shows a waveform example of a 1-inverter system, and the other columns show a waveform example of a 2-inverter system.
- the waveform example of the inverter system is a waveform example when both inverters 10 are controlled by continuous pulse width modulation control (CPWM) (CPWM / CPWM), and the first inverter 11 is active short circuit control (ASC).
- CPWM continuous pulse width modulation control
- ASC active short circuit control
- Waveform example when the second inverter 12 is controlled by continuous pulse width modulation control (CPWM) (ASC / CPWM)
- both inverters 10 are controlled by mixed continuous pulse width modulation control (MX-CPWM).
- MX-CPWM / MX-CPWM is shown.
- 1 Inverter system shows a waveform example when it is controlled by continuous pulse width modulation control (CPWM).
- the first stage from the top shows a waveform example of the switching control signal Su1 of the U-phase arm 3A of the first inverter 11 (in the case of a one-inverter system, the switching control signal Su1 of the U-phase arm of the inverter).
- the second stage from the top shows a waveform example of the switching control signal Su2 (none in the case of the one inverter system) of the U-phase arm 3A of the second inverter 12.
- the third stage from the top shows a waveform example of the line voltage (UV line voltage Vuv) between the U phase and the V phase of the stator coil 8.
- FIG. 22 shows a comparative example of three-phase currents (U-phase current Iu, V-phase current Iv, W-phase current Iw).
- FIG. 23 shows the analysis result by the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the U-phase current Iu centered on the carrier CA frequency “f” (here, for example, 5 [kHz]), and shows the carrier CA frequency “f”. The magnitudes of the sideband frequencies "f ⁇ 3 fm" are compared ("fm” is the rotational speed of the rotary electric machine 80, and so on).
- FIG. 24 shows the analysis result by the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the U-phase current Iu centered on the frequency “2f” (here, for example, 10 [kHz]) which is twice the frequency of the carrier CA.
- FIG. 25 shows the analysis result of the UV line voltage Vuv centered on the carrier CA frequency “f” by the fast Fourier transform (FFT), and shows the sideband frequency “f ⁇ 3 fm” of the carrier CA frequency “f”. The size of "is compared.
- FIG. 26 shows the analysis result by the fast Fourier transform (FFT) of the UV line voltage Vuv centered on the frequency “2f” which is twice the frequency of the carrier CA, and shows the sideband frequency “2f ⁇ ” of “2f”. The size of "fm” is compared.
- the harmonic component of the sideband frequency “2f ⁇ fm” of the frequency “2f” twice the frequency of the carrier CA in the U-phase current Iu and the UV line voltage Vuv is one inverter.
- the "ASC / CPWM” method and the “MX-CPWM / MX-CPWM” method in the two-inverter system are smaller than the "CPWM / CPWM” method in the system and the two-inverter system. Therefore, the iron loss is suppressed, and in the "ASC / CPWM” method, the switching loss is reduced because one of the inverters 10 does not switch, so that the overall system loss is appropriately reduced.
- the "MX-CPWM / MX-CPWM” system as described above with reference to FIGS. 8 to 11, only one of the inverters 10 is switched in approximately half a cycle, so switching is performed. The loss is reduced and the overall system loss is appropriately reduced. Therefore, as described above, when the reduction of the system loss is prioritized (in the case of the loss reduction priority mode), the "ASC / CPWM” method or the “MX-CPWM / MX-CPWM” method is used in the first speed range VR1. It is preferable to be selected.
- the harmonic component of the sideband frequency “f ⁇ 3 fm” of the carrier CA frequency “f” in the U-phase current Iu and the UV line voltage Vuv is “CPWM /” in the two-inverter system.
- the "CPWM” method is the smallest. Even when comparing two inverter systems, the "CPWM / CPWM” method has a carrier CA frequency of "f” compared to the "ASC / CPWM” method and "MX-CPWM / MX-CPWM” method. The harmonic component of the sideband frequency "f ⁇ 3 fm" is small.
- the human audible frequency is said to be about 20 [Hz] to 15 [kHz], but frequencies exceeding 10 [kHz] are generally difficult to hear, and frequencies near 5 [kHz] are easily perceived as noise. That is, the sideband frequency "f ⁇ 3fm" of the carrier CA frequency "f”, and the harmonic component around 5 [kHz] is 10 [kHz], which is the sideband frequency "2f ⁇ fm” of "2f”. It tends to be audible noise compared to the surrounding harmonic components. Therefore, as in this example, when the frequency "f" of the carrier CA is 5 [kHz] and priority is given to suppressing the harmonic component of the sideband frequency "f ⁇ 3 fm” from becoming audible noise (noise). In the case of the reduction priority mode), it is preferable that the "CPWM / CPWM" method is selected in the first speed range VR1.
- the frequency 2 of the carrier CA in the U-phase current Iu and the UV line voltage Vuv is 2.
- the harmonic components of the sideband frequency "2f ⁇ fm" of the double frequency "2f" are almost the same. Therefore, in a region where the rotation speed is relatively low and audible noise is conspicuous, it is preferable that the noise reduction priority mode is selected and controlled by the "CPWM / CPWM" method.
- the control method may be set for the control area R as shown in FIG. 27 as shown in Tables 10 and 11 below. Conceivable.
- This two-inverter system is referred to as a comparative example two-inverter system.
- the control area R is the same as the above-mentioned area with reference to Tables 1 to 8 and the like.
- Table 10 shows the relationship between the control area of the loss reduction priority mode and the control method as described above with reference to Tables 1 to 6, and Table 11 refers to Tables 7 and 8. As described above, the relationship between the control area of the noise reduction priority mode and the control method is shown.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 is the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 in the low speed side first speed range VR1-1.
- One inverter 10 is controlled by active short circuit control (ASC), and the other inverter 10 is controlled by continuous pulse width modulation control (CPWM).
- ASC active short circuit control
- CPWM continuous pulse width modulation control
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 controls one inverter 10 of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 by active short circuit control in the high speed side first speed range VR1-2, and the other inverter 10 is not used. It is controlled by continuous pulse width modulation control (DPWM).
- DPWM continuous pulse width modulation control
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 controls both the inverters 10 of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 by discontinuous pulse width modulation control in the second speed range VR2. Further, the rotary electric machine control device 1 controls both the inverters 10 of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 by the rectangular wave control (1-Pulse) in the third speed range VR3.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 in the noise reduction priority mode, in the two inverter systems of the comparative example, is the first inverter 11 and the second inverter in the low speed side first speed range VR1-1. Both inverters 10 of 12 are controlled by continuous pulse width modulation control (CPWM). Further, the rotary electric machine control device 1 controls both the inverters 10 of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 by discontinuous pulse width modulation control (DPWM) in the first speed region VR1-2 on the high speed side.
- CPWM continuous pulse width modulation control
- DPWM discontinuous pulse width modulation control
- the second speed range VR2 and the third speed range are the same as the loss reduction priority mode.
- “DPWM /” is used in the two inverter systems of the comparative examples illustrated in FIGS. 27, 10 and 11.
- the second speed range VR2 controlled by the "DPWM” method for example, the low speed side second speed range VR2-1 shown in FIGS. 7 and 27
- Both inverters 10 are controlled by mixed continuous pulse width modulation square wave control (“MX-CPWM / MX-CPWM” method).
- discontinuous pulse width modulation control is executed for both inverters 10 (when “DPWM / DPWM” method control is executed), and when both inverters are executed.
- mixed continuous pulse width modulation control is executed for 10 (when "MX-CPWM / MX-CPWM” method control is executed), and when the inverter is discontinuous pulse width modulation (DPWM) in one inverter system.
- DPWM discontinuous pulse width modulation
- FIG. 28 is a second region VR12 including a region corresponding to the low speed side second speed region VR2-1 as described above with reference to Tables 9 and 20, and is a discontinuous pulse width modulation control in one inverter system.
- An example of the waveform and an example of the FFT analysis result when is executed are shown.
- the top row shows the carrier CA and U-phase voltage command "Vu ** " and the U-phase switching control signal "Su”, the second row from the top shows the UV line voltage Vuv, and the top three rows.
- the eyes indicate a three-phase current (U-phase current Iu, V-phase current Iv, W-phase current Iw).
- the bottom row shows the analysis result of the U-phase current Iu by the fast Fourier transform (FFT).
- FFT fast Fourier transform
- FIG. 29 shows the second speed range VR2 including the low speed side second speed range VR2-1 as described above with reference to Table 10, Table 11, and FIG. 27, with respect to both inverters 10 in the two inverter system.
- a waveform example and an FFT analysis result example when the discontinuous pulse width modulation control is executed (when the "DPWM / DPWM" method control is executed) are shown.
- the uppermost stage shows the carrier CA, the U-phase voltage commands "Vu1 ** , Vu2 ** " of each of the two inverters 10, and the switching control signals "Su1 +, Su2 +" of the two inverters 10.
- the second and lower stages are the same as in FIG. 28.
- FIG. 30 shows the low speed side second speed range VR2-1 included in the second speed range VR2 as described above with reference to Tables 3 to 6, FIG. 7, etc., and both inverters 10 in the two inverter system.
- a waveform example and an FFT analysis result example when the mixed continuous pulse width modulation control is executed (when the control of the "MX-CPWM / MX-CPWM" method is executed) are shown.
- the signal shown by the waveform example is the same as in FIG. 29.
- FIG. 31 shows the relationship between the rotation speed and the audible noise in the above-mentioned one inverter system with reference to Table 9
- FIG. 32 shows the rotation in the two-inverter system of the comparative example described above with reference to Table 11 and the like.
- the relationship between the rotation speed of the electric machine 80 and the audible noise is shown
- FIG. 33 shows the relationship between the rotation speed of the electric machine 80 and the audible noise in the two inverter system of the present embodiment described above with reference to Table 7 and the like. Shown.
- the control region changes from the first region VR11 to the second region VR12 as described above with reference to FIGS. 20 and 9 according to the modulation factor and the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine 80.
- the control method has been switched from continuous pulse width modulation control (CPWM) to discontinuous pulse width modulation control (DPWM).
- CPWM continuous pulse width modulation control
- DPWM discontinuous pulse width modulation control
- the control region is set to the low speed side as described above with reference to FIGS. 5 to 7 and Table 11 according to the modulation factor and the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine 80.
- the speed range VR1-1 has changed to the high speed side first speed range VR1-2, and the control method has been switched from the "CPWM / CPWM” method to the "DPWM / DPWM” method.
- the control region is on the low speed side as described above with reference to FIGS.
- the first speed range VR1-1 has changed to the high speed side first speed range VR1-2, and the control method has been switched from the "CPWM / CPWM” method to the "MX-CPWM / MX-CPWM” method.
- the control of the "DPWM / DPWM” method or the "MX-CPWM / MX-CPWM” method is executed in the two-inverter system.
- the 1-inverter system generates more harmonic components of the sideband frequency “f ⁇ 3 fm” of the carrier CA frequency “f” than the 2-inverter system. ing.
- the harmonic component of the sideband frequency “f ⁇ 3 fm” may overlap with the low-order harmonic component (11th, 13th).
- the noise of the rotary electric machine 80 generated according to the speed of the rotary electric machine 80 (audible noise of “12 fm” with the frequency of the rotation speed as “fm”) and the sideband frequency.
- the audible noise of "f ⁇ 3 fm” overlaps with the portion circled by the broken line, and the audible noise becomes very large.
- the two-inverter system as shown in FIGS. 32 and 33, almost no audible noise is generated at the sideband frequency “f ⁇ 3 fm” of the carrier CA frequency “f”.
- the generated audible noise (12 fm) of the rotary electric machine 80 and the audible noise of the sideband frequency “f ⁇ 3 fm” do not overlap. Therefore, it is possible to construct a quieter system in the two-inverter system than in the one-inverter system.
- the number of switching times of the inverter 10 is smaller in the "MX-CPWM / MX-CPWM” method than in the "DPWM / DPWM” method. Therefore, the "MX-CPWM / MX-CPWM” method shown in FIG. 30 has a smaller switching loss than the "DPWM / DPWM” method shown in FIG. 29, and the system loss is reduced. As described above, the "DPWM / DPWM” method and the "MX-CPWM / MX-CPWM” method are equivalent in terms of audible noise. Therefore, by adopting the "MX-CPWM / MX-CPWM” method in the second speed range VR2 (low speed side second speed range VR2-1) of the two-inverter system, high quietness and reduction of system loss And can be realized.
- the second speed range VR2 low speed side second speed range VR2-1
- FIG. 34 shows an example of the control region of the rotary electric machine 80.
- the region where the torque is equal to or more than the specified torque Tref is the high torque region VRH, and the region where the torque is less than the specified torque is defined. It is referred to as a low torque region VRL.
- the first operating point Q1 is an operating point belonging to the high torque region VRH
- the second operating point Q2 is an operating point belonging to the low torque region VRL.
- the simulation waveforms at these two operating points and the FFT analysis results are illustrated, and one inverter system, two inverter systems using general pulse width modulation control, and two inverters using mixed pulse width modulation control are illustrated. It will be explained in comparison with the system.
- FIG. 20 shows the first operating point Q1 and the second operating point Q2 in the one inverter system.
- the voltage rating on the DC side (the rating of the DC link voltage Vdc) is 2. It is twice the rating of the DC link voltage Vdc of the inverter system.
- FIGS. 35 to 39 show a 1-inverter system, a 2-inverter system using general pulse width modulation control, and 2 inverters using mixed pulse width modulation control at the first operating point Q1 of FIGS. 20 and 34.
- a comparison example of the waveform example with the system and a comparison example of the FFT analysis result are shown.
- FIGS. 40 to 44 use a 1-inverter system, a 2-inverter system using general pulse width modulation control, and a mixed pulse width modulation control at the second operating point Q2 of FIGS.
- a comparison example of the waveform example with the two inverter system and a comparison example of the FFT analysis result are shown. In all of FIGS.
- the inverter 10 is driven by discontinuous pulse width modulation control (DPWM), and in the 2-inverter system using general pulse width modulation control, both inverters 10 are discontinuous pulse width modulation control (DPWM).
- DPWM discontinuous pulse width modulation control
- simulation is performed in a form in which both inverters 10 are driven by mixed continuous pulse width modulation control (MX-CPWM / MX-CPWM). ..
- MX-CPWM mixed continuous pulse width modulation control
- fm indicates the frequency (rotation frequency) of the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine 80
- f indicates the switching frequency (frequency of the carrier CA) of the inverter 10.
- the simulation is performed with the switching frequency “f” set to 5 [kHz].
- FIGS. 35 and 40 show the waveforms of the three-phase AC phase currents (Iu, Iv, Iw) and the FFT analysis of the phase currents (for example, the U-phase current Iu as a representative).
- 36 and 41 show the waveform of the DC bus current Idc and the FFT analysis result of the DC bus current Idc.
- 37 and 42 show the waveform of the battery current Ib flowing through the DC power supply 6 and the FFT analysis result of the battery current Ib.
- the waveform of the current flowing through the first DC power supply 61 on the side of the first inverter 11 is shown.
- FIG. 39 and 44 show the waveform of the DC link voltage Vdc, particularly the DC bus voltage ripple waveform appearing in the DC link voltage Vdc, and the FFT analysis result of the DC bus voltage ripple.
- the wave height of the DC bus voltage ripple is as small as about 10 [V].
- FIG. 44 shows the waveform of the AC component near the rated value of direct current. Further, as a representative of the two-inverter system, the waveform of the DC link voltage Vdc of the first inverter 11 is shown.
- the wave height of the ripple component at the battery current Ib at the first operating point Q1 is about 30 [A] in one inverter system, and general discontinuous pulse width modulation control is used. In the inverter system, it is about 50 [A], whereas in the two-inverter system using the mixed discontinuous pulse width modulation control, it is very large, about 130 [A]. On the other hand, as shown in FIG. 37, the wave height of the ripple component at the battery current Ib at the first operating point Q1 is about 30 [A] in one inverter system, and general discontinuous pulse width modulation control is used. In the inverter system, it is about 50 [A], whereas in the two-inverter system using the mixed discontinuous pulse width modulation control, it is very large, about 130 [A]. On the other hand, as shown in FIG.
- the wave height of the ripple component at the battery current Ib at the second operating point Q2 is 20 [V] in the 1-inverter system and the 2-inverter system using general discontinuous pulse width modulation control. It is less than 50 [A] even in a two-inverter system using mixed discontinuous pulse width modulation control. That is, the wave height of the ripple component at the battery current Ib at the second operating point Q2 where the torque is relatively small has a relatively large torque even in the two inverter system using the mixed discontinuous pulse width modulation control. It is suppressed to less than the wave height (about 50 [A]) in the two inverter system using the general discontinuous pulse width modulation control at the one operating point Q1.
- the capacitor current Ic is "battery current Ib-DC bus current Idc". Therefore, as shown in FIGS. 38 and 43, the same tendency as the battery current Ib and the DC bus current Idc is observed. That is, in the two-inverter system using the mixed discontinuous pulse width modulation control, the ripple component of the third harmonic component "3 fm" of the rotation frequency "fm” is observed, but the second operation point Q1 is compared with the first operation point Q1. At the operating point Q2, the wave height of the ripple component of the capacitor current Ic is suppressed, which is about the same as that of a two-inverter system using general discontinuous pulse width modulation control.
- the second operating point Q2 having a relatively low torque has a third order of the rotation frequency “fm” as compared with the first operating point Q1 having a relatively high torque. Ripple of harmonic components is suppressed. Therefore, in the control region including the second operating point Q2 (low torque region VRL), both inverters 10 are driven by the mixed pulse width modulation control, and the control region including the first operating point Q1 (high torque region (VRH)). Then, it is preferable that both inverters 10 are driven by general pulse width modulation.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 has both the first inverter 11 and the second inverter in the high torque region VRH of the specified torque Tref or more, which is the predetermined torque in the first speed region VR1 and the second speed region VR2. It is preferable that the inverter 10 of the above is controlled by pulse width modulation control, and in the low torque region VRL less than the specified torque Tref, both the inverters 10 of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 are controlled by mixed pulse width modulation control. For example, it is preferable that the rotary electric machine control device 1 drives the inverter 10 as shown in Table 12 below.
- FIG. 34 illustrates a control region R and a control method corresponding to this form.
- Tables 8 and 12 Mi_sis, Mi_inv1 and Mi_inv2 are the same, so Mi_inv1 and Mi_inv2 are omitted in Table 13.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 has the first inverter 11 and the first inverter 11 and the first inverter in the low torque region VRL less than the specified torque Tref in the first speed region VR1 and the low speed side second speed region VR2-1.
- Both inverters 10 of the two inverters 12 are controlled by mixed continuous pulse width modulation control (MX-CPWM), and in the low torque region VRL less than the specified torque Tref in the second speed region VR2-2 on the high speed side, the first inverter 11 Both the inverters 10 and the second inverter 12 are controlled by the mixed discontinuous pulse width modulation control (MX-DPWM).
- MX-CPWM mixed continuous pulse width modulation control
- MX-DPWM mixed discontinuous pulse width modulation control
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 controls both the inverters 10 of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 by continuous pulse width modulation control (CPWM) in the high torque region VRH in the first speed range VR1, and the second inverter.
- CPWM continuous pulse width modulation control
- the inverters 10 of both the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 are controlled by discontinuous pulse width modulation control (DPWM).
- DPWM discontinuous pulse width modulation control
- the actual DC power supply 6 has a resistance component (battery resistance Rb) and an inductance component (battery inductance Lb).
- the battery current Ib and the DC link voltage Vdc are calculated from the DC bus current Idc by using the battery resistance Rb and the battery inductance Lb in the existing DC power supply 6. It has also been confirmed that the calculated values of the battery current Ib and the DC link voltage Vdc match the frequency characteristics of the current gain based on the switching frequency “f”.
- the battery resistance Rb and the battery inductance Lb increase, the frequency characteristics change in the direction in which the current gain decreases, so that the current ripple is further reduced.
- FIG. 45 is a flowchart showing an example of selecting a control method when the ripple of the DC bus current flowing through the DC link capacitor 4 is not taken into consideration.
- FIG. 45 shows an example of the determination procedure when the control methods shown in Tables 8 and 11 described above are selected.
- FIG. 46 is a flowchart showing an example of selecting a control method when the DC bus current flowing through the DC link capacitor 4 is taken into consideration, as described above with reference to FIGS. 34 to 44.
- FIG. 46 shows an example of the determination procedure when the control method shown in Table 13 described above is selected.
- FIGS. 45 is a flowchart showing an example of selecting a control method when the ripple of the DC bus current flowing through the DC link capacitor 4 is not taken into consideration.
- FIG. 45 shows an example of the determination procedure when the control methods shown in Tables 8 and 11 described above are selected.
- FIG. 46 is a flowchart showing an example of selecting a control method when the DC bus current flowing through the DC link capacitor 4 is taken into consideration, as described above with reference
- the drive mode is first selected (# 1).
- the control method is selected according to the conditions in Table 11 (# 3: PWM pattern Selection), and each control method shown in step # 4 is determined. Will be done. “X 1 ” in step # 3 corresponds to “a” in Table 11.
- the control method of both inverters 10 Continuous pulse width modulation control (CPWM) is selected as (# 31 ⁇ # 41).
- step # 1 When the loss reduction priority mode (efficiency priority mode) is selected in step # 1, the control method is selected according to the conditions in Table 8 (# 5: PWM pattern Selection), and each control shown in step # 6 is selected. The method is determined. In addition, "X 2 " in step # 5 corresponds to "b" in Table 8. As shown in FIGS. 45 and 8, when the modulation factor “M” is less than “X 2 (b)” and the rotation speed “S” is less than “S 4 ”, the control method of both inverters 10 Mixed continuous pulse width modulation control (MX-CPWM) is selected as (# 51 ⁇ # 61).
- MX-CPWM Mixed continuous pulse width modulation control
- step # 1 when considering the DC bus current flowing through the DC link capacitor 4, the operation mode is first selected as shown in FIG. 46 (# 1).
- the loss reduction priority mode Efficiency priority mode
- the control method is selected (# 5) and determined (# 6) according to the conditions on the upper side of Table 13. Since step # 5 and step # 6 are the same as those in FIG. 45, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- “X 2 ” in step # 3 corresponds to “b” in Table 13.
- step # 1 When the noise reduction priority mode (Noise priority mode) is selected in step # 1, or the loss reduction priority mode (Efficiency priority mode) is selected in step # 1, the “Torque check” in step # 2 is performed.
- the control method is selected (# 3) and determined (# 4) according to the conditions on the lower side of Table 13. Since steps # 3 and step # 4 are the same as those in FIG. 45, detailed description thereof will be omitted. Note that “X 1 " in step # 3 corresponds to "X" in Table 13.
- step # 2 it may be determined whether or not both the torque and the rotation speed satisfy the reference. Specifically, the operation mode is first selected (# 1), and when the loss reduction priority mode (Efficiency priority mode) is selected, then the torque “T” of the rotary electric machine 80 sets the specified torque Tref. It is determined whether or not the speed exceeds the specified rotation speed Sref (# 2).
- the loss reduction priority mode Efficiency priority mode
- step # 1 When the noise reduction priority mode (Noise priority mode) is selected in step # 1, or the loss reduction priority mode (Efficiency priority mode) is selected in step # 1, the rotary electric machine 80 is selected in the following step # 2. If it is determined that the torque "T" of the above exceeds the specified torque Tref and the rotation speed "S" of the rotary electric machine 80 exceeds the specified rotation speed Sref, the conditions on the lower side of Table 13 The control method is selected (# 3) and determined (# 4) in the same manner as in. Since steps # 3 and # 4 are the same as those in FIGS. 45 and 46, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- the rotary electric machine 80 is driven in the loss reduction priority mode (Efficiency priority mode) in which efficiency is prioritized in the relatively high torque region, and the noise reduction priority mode (noise) in the relatively low torque region.
- the mode in which the rotary electric machine 80 is driven in the priority mode (Noise priority mode) is illustrated.
- the rotary electric machine 80 is driven in the loss reduction priority mode (Efficiency priority mode) in which efficiency is prioritized in a relatively high torque and high rotation speed region, and in a relatively low torque and low rotation speed region.
- the mode in which the rotary electric machine 80 is driven in the noise reduction priority mode (noise priority mode) is illustrated.
- FIG. 48 shows an example of the relationship between the rotational speed and the torque of the rotary electric machine 80.
- the first speed range VR1 and the second speed range VR2 in which the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine 80 at the same torque T is higher than the first speed range VR1.
- the third speed range VR3 in which the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine 80 at the same torque T is higher than the second speed range VR2 is set.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 controls one of the inverters 10 of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 by active short circuit control (ASC) in the first speed range VR1.
- the other inverter 10 is controlled by continuous pulse width modulation control (CPWM).
- CPWM continuous pulse width modulation control
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 controls one inverter 10 of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 by active short circuit control in the second speed range VR2, and controls the other inverter 10 by discontinuous pulse width modulation control. It is controlled by (DPWM).
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 controls both the inverters 10 of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 by discontinuous pulse width modulation control in the third speed range VR3.
- a target control such control in the first speed range VR1, the second speed range VR2, and the third speed range VR3 will be referred to as a target control.
- Table 1 illustrates a mode in which the first inverter 11 is controlled by active short circuit control in the first speed range VR1 and the second speed range VR2, but of course, the second inverter 12 is actively short-circuited. It may be in the form of being controlled by circuit control. Further, the first speed range VR1 and the second speed are controlled by controlling the first inverter 11 by active short circuit control in the first speed range VR1 and controlling the second inverter 12 by active short circuit control in the second speed range VR2.
- the inverter 10 to be controlled by the active short circuit control may be different from that of the region VR2 (including the reverse combination).
- the control method for controlling the first inverter 11 and the control method for controlling the second inverter 12 may be alternately replaced according to predetermined conditions. By switching the control method, only one of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 is consumed, and the discharge amount of only one of the first DC power supply 61 and the second DC power supply 62 increases. Can be suppressed.
- the defined conditions are, for example, a certain period of time or the amount of discharge of the DC power supply 6.
- one of the two inverters 10 (for example, the first inverter 11) is controlled by active short circuit control. That is, substantially only one of the two inverters 10 (for example, the second inverter 12) drives the rotary electric machine 80. Since one of the inverters 10 does not perform the switching operation, the switching loss can be reduced by that amount, and as a result, the rotary electric machine 80 can be driven while suppressing the loss of the entire system.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 does not need to control the two inverters 10 so that the amplitude of alternating current is always large.
- the rotational speed of the rotary electric machine 80 is low, it can be generated by one inverter 10. It may be sufficient to generate a high AC voltage.
- the three-phase stator coil 8 is short-circuited in the one inverter 10.
- the other inverter 10 drives and controls the rotary electric machine 80 having the stator coil 8 connected so as to have a neutral point.
- the second speed range VR2 is a control region in which the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine 80 is higher than that of the first speed range VR1, and the second speed range VR2 is required to have a higher modulation rate than the first speed range VR1.
- one of the two inverters 10 does not perform the switching operation, so that the loss of the entire system is suppressed and the rotary electric machine 80 can be driven.
- the boundary of each control region R is the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine 80 according to the torque of the rotary electric machine 80.
- the setting is made according to at least one of the ratio of the effective value (either the command value or the converted value from the output voltage) of the line voltage of the multi-phase AC voltage to the DC voltage.
- the operating conditions of the rotary electric machine 80 are often defined by the relationship between the rotational speed and the torque, as illustrated in FIG. It is preferable that the control region R is set based on one parameter, the rotation speed. Here, it is possible to set the rotation speed that defines the boundary of the control area R to be constant regardless of the torque, but the rotation speed that defines the boundary of the control area R becomes a different value depending on the torque. It is more preferable that it is set as such. By doing so, the rotary electric machine 80 can be driven and controlled with high efficiency according to the operating conditions of the rotary electric machine 80.
- the DC voltage is increased and the ratio of the DC voltage converted to the AC voltage is increased.
- the requirement is realized.
- the requirement can be achieved by increasing the rate at which the DC voltage is converted into the AC voltage.
- This ratio can be shown as the ratio of the effective value of the three-phase AC power to the DC power (in the case of a voltage type inverter, it is equivalent to the ratio of the effective value of the three-phase AC voltage to the DC voltage).
- a fourth speed range VR4 in which the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine 80 at the same torque is higher than that of the third speed range VR3 may be further set.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 controls both the inverters 10 of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 by the rectangular wave control in the fourth speed range VR4 (see FIG. 14).
- the modulation factor in the square wave control is 0.78.
- Tables 15 and 16 above exemplify the modulation factors corresponding to the respective control regions R.
- the inter-terminal voltage "E1" of the first DC power supply 61 and the inter-terminal voltage "E2" of the second DC power supply 62 are the same (both are voltages "E”).
- the modulation rate of the first inverter 11 is "Mi_inv1” and the modulation of the second inverter 12.
- the rate "Mi_inv2" is as shown in the equations (1) and (2) shown in the description of the first embodiment (reposted below).
- the modulation factor "Mi_sys" of the entire system is as shown in Eq. (3) (reposted below).
- the modulation rate "Mi_sys" of the entire system is "(Mi_inv1 + Mi_inv2) from the equations (1) to (3). ) / 2 ”.
- the modulation factors corresponding to the respective control regions R are shown as rated values. Therefore, in actual control, the modulation factor corresponding to each control area R may include an overlapping range in consideration of hunting or the like when the control method changes in the control area R.
- the modulation factor "X" is set based on the theoretical upper limit value (generally 0.707) of the modulation factor by continuous pulse width modulation (spatial vector pulse width modulation), and further in consideration of the dead time. As shown in Tables 15 and 16, in the first speed range VR1 and the second speed range VR2, modulation may be performed by only one inverter 10. Therefore, in the first speed range VR1 and the second speed range VR2, the maximum modulation factor "2X" of one inverter 10 (here, the second inverter 12) is the theoretical upper limit value of the modulation factor by the continuous pulse width modulation control.
- the modulation factor "X" is set to a value of, for example, about 0.25 to 0.3.
- the modulation factor “a” is appropriately set based on experiments, simulations, and the like.
- the pulsating component superimposed on the fundamental wave of the alternating current may generate noise in the audible frequency band.
- the two inverters 10 are controlled by different control methods, pulsation corresponding to each control method may occur, and noise in the audible frequency band may increase.
- the control method of the rotary electric machine 80 that is, the control method of the inverter 10 is appropriately set according to the operating conditions so that the operation with high system efficiency and the reduction of audible noise can be compatible with each other.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 of the present embodiment is provided so that the loss reduction priority mode and the noise reduction priority mode can be switched as the control mode of the rotary electric machine 80.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 executes target control as described above, and in the noise reduction priority mode, executes alternative control instead of target control.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 continuously connects the inverters 10 of both the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 in the first speed range VR1 as shown in Table 17 below.
- both inverters 10 of the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 are controlled by discontinuous pulse width modulation control, and in the third speed range VR3, the first inverter Alternative control for controlling both the inverters 10 of the 11 and the second inverter 12 by the discontinuous pulse width modulation control is executed instead of the target control.
- the rotary electric machine control device 1 executes target control in the loss reduction priority mode and performs target control in the noise reduction priority mode. Alternate control is performed instead. Specifically, in the noise reduction priority mode, the rotary electric machine control device 1 performs alternative control in which the inverters 10 of both the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 are controlled by the rectangular wave control in the fourth speed range VR4. Execute instead of target control.
- the pulsating component superimposed on the fundamental wave of the alternating current may generate noise in the audible frequency band.
- the frequency of the pulsating component or its sideband frequency
- the two inverters 10 are controlled by different control methods, pulsation corresponding to each control method may occur, and noise in the audible frequency band may increase.
- the loss reduction priority mode since only one inverter 10 is driven in the first speed range VR1 and the second speed range VR2 in which the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine 80 is relatively low, the two inverters 10 generate noise in different frequency bands.
- the noise energy is high.
- the noise accompanying the running of the vehicle (running noise such as the ground contact sound between the tire and the road surface) is also small, so that the noise output from one driven inverter 10 If is noise in the audible frequency band, the noise may be easier for the user to hear.
- the noise reduction priority mode is selected in consideration of the fact that noise in the audible frequency band is easily heard by the user when the vehicle starts or decelerates to stop, and the loss reduction priority is given when the vehicle is in steady driving. It is preferable that the mode is selected. Note that these modes may be selected by an operation by the user (setting switch (including input from a touch panel or the like)).
- the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 are controlled by the same control method in the first speed range VR1 and the second speed range VR2 in which the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine 80 is relatively low. Further, the two inverters 10 that pass a current through the stator coil 8 are different in the phase of the current by about 180 degrees. When the two inverters 10 are controlled by the same control method, the phases of the currents including the pulsating component are different by approximately 180 degrees. Therefore, at least a part of the pulsating components can cancel each other out, and noise in the audible frequency band can be reduced.
- both the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 are controlled by continuous pulse width modulation control in the first speed range VR1 (see FIG. 16). Further, in the second speed range VR2, similarly to the third speed range VR3, both the first inverter 11 and the second inverter 12 are controlled by the discontinuous pulse width modulation control (see FIG. 15).
- FIG. 50 shows an example of the control area of the rotary electric machine in a one-inverter system in which the three-phase stator coils 8 are connected at the neutral point as a comparative example.
- this inverter is controlled by, for example, continuous pulse width modulation control in the comparison first region VR11, and is controlled by discontinuous pulse width modulation control in the comparison second region VR13, and is used for comparison. It is controlled by the rectangular wave control in the third region VR14.
- the comparative first region VR11 in the second embodiment is in the first region VR11 of the first embodiment, and the comparative first region VR11 in the second embodiment is used.
- the two-region VR13 generally corresponds to the second region VR12 of the first embodiment, and the comparative third region VR14 of the second embodiment roughly corresponds to the third region VR13 of the first embodiment.
- the modulation factor “Y” is a value larger than the modulation factor “X” illustrated in Tables 15 to 18, and is a theoretical upper limit value of the modulation factor by continuous pulse width modulation (spatial vector pulse width modulation). Based on (approximately 0.707), for example, it is set to about 0.5 to 0.6 in consideration of the dead time.
- the loss of the entire system is reduced in the loss reduction priority mode by setting the first speed range VR1 and the second speed range VR2 in the area corresponding to the comparison first area VR11. In the noise reduction priority mode, noise can be reduced as well as loss.
- the region corresponding to the comparison first region VR11 includes the first region. Not only the speed range VR1 and the second speed range VR2 but also a part of the third speed range VR3 can be set. That is, a part of the third speed region VR3 can be set on the high speed side of the comparison first region VR11.
- the region for executing discontinuous pulse width modulation control is expanded to the control region on the lower speed side, and the system loss can be reduced by reducing the current ripple and the switching loss. That is, the efficiency of the entire system can be improved by expanding the control area with high system efficiency to the lower speed side.
- FIGS. 21 to 26, 28, 29, 31, and 32 (comparative example of 1 inverter system and 2 inverter system) referred to in the description of the first embodiment (comparative example of control methods in 2 inverter systems). )
- 21 to 26 show comparative examples in a relatively low speed region (for example, comparative first region VR11, first speed region VR1).
- 28, 29, 31 and 32 show comparative examples in a higher speed region (for example, comparative second region VR13, third speed region VR3).
- MX-CPWM mixed continuous pulse width modulation control
- the mixed continuous pulse width modulation control is shown. Since (MX-CPWM) is not performed, this waveform will be ignored for explanation.
- the harmonic component of the sideband frequency “2f ⁇ fm” of the frequency “2f” twice the frequency of the carrier CA in the U-phase current Iu and the UV line voltage Vuv is one inverter.
- the "ASC / CPWM” method in the two-inverter system is smaller than the "CPWM / CPWM” method in the system and the two-inverter system. Therefore, the iron loss is suppressed, and in the "ASC / CPWM” method, the switching loss is reduced because one of the inverters 10 does not switch, so that the overall system loss is appropriately reduced. Therefore, as described above, when the reduction of the system loss is prioritized (in the case of the loss reduction priority mode), it is preferable that the "ASC / CPWM” method is selected in the first speed range VR1.
- the harmonic component of the sideband frequency “f ⁇ 3 fm” of the carrier CA frequency “f” in the U-phase current Iu and the UV line voltage Vuv is “1” in the two-inverter system.
- the "CPWM / CPWM” method is the smallest.
- the human audible frequency is said to be about 20 [Hz] to 15 [kHz], but frequencies exceeding 10 [kHz] are generally difficult to hear, and frequencies near 5 [kHz] are easily perceived as noise. That is, the sideband frequency "f ⁇ 3fm" of the carrier CA frequency "f”, and the harmonic component around 5 [kHz] is 10 [kHz], which is the sideband frequency "2f ⁇ fm” of "2f".
- the "CPWM / CPWM" method is selected in the first speed range VR1.
- the frequency 2 of the carrier CA in the U-phase current Iu and the UV line voltage Vuv is 2.
- the harmonic components of the sideband frequency "2f ⁇ fm" of the double frequency "2f" are almost the same. Therefore, in a region where the rotation speed is relatively low and audible noise is conspicuous, it is preferable that the noise reduction priority mode is selected and controlled by the "CPWM / CPWM" method.
- FIG. 28 shows a waveform example and an FFT analysis result example when discontinuous pulse width modulation control is executed in one inverter system in the comparative second region VR13 as described above with reference to Tables 19 and 50. ing. The description of each waveform is as described in the first embodiment with reference to FIG. 28.
- FIG. 29 shows a case where discontinuous pulse width modulation control is executed for both inverters 10 in a two-inverter system as described above with reference to Tables 14 to 18, 48, 49 and the like (“DPWM”).
- DPWM discontinuous pulse width modulation control
- FIG. 31 shows the relationship between the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine 80 and the audible noise in the above-mentioned one inverter system with reference to Table 19, and FIG. 32 shows the present implementation described above with reference to Tables 17 and 18.
- the relationship between the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine 80 and the audible noise in the two-inverter system of the second embodiment is shown.
- the control area is changed from the comparison first area VR11 to the comparison first area VR11 as described above with reference to FIGS. 50 and 19 according to the modulation factor and the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine 80. It becomes a two-region VR13, and the control method is switched from continuous pulse width modulation control (CPWM) to discontinuous pulse width modulation control (DPWM).
- CPWM continuous pulse width modulation control
- DPWM discontinuous pulse width modulation control
- the control region has the first speed as described above with reference to FIGS. 48, 49, 17 and 18 according to the modulation factor and the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine 80.
- the range VR1 has changed to the second speed range VR2, and the control method has been switched from the "CPWM / CPWM” method to the "DPWM / DPWM” method.
- the case where the "DPWM" control is executed in the one-inverter system is compared with the case where the "DPWM / DPWM” method control is executed in the two-inverter system.
- more ripples are superimposed on the three-phase current. Therefore, as shown in the FFT analysis results, the 1-inverter system generates more harmonic components of the sideband frequency “f ⁇ 3 fm” of the carrier CA frequency “f” than the 2-inverter system. ing.
- the harmonic component of the sideband frequency “f ⁇ 3 fm” may overlap with the low-order harmonic component (11th, 13th).
- the audible noise (12 fm) of the electric machine 80 and the audible noise of the sideband frequency “f ⁇ 3 fm” do not overlap. Therefore, it is possible to construct a quieter system in the two-inverter system than in the one-inverter system.
- a rotary electric machine control device (a rotary electric machine control device) that drives and controls a rotary electric machine (80) having a plurality of phases of open windings (8) independent of each other via a first inverter (11) and a second inverter (12).
- the first inverter (11) is connected to one end side of the open winding (8) having a plurality of phases to convert power between DC and AC of the plurality of phases
- the second inverter (11) 12) is connected to the other end side of the multi-phase open winding (8) to convert power between DC and multi-phase AC
- Each of 12) and 12) can be controlled by a plurality of control methods having different switching patterns, and can also be controlled by the control methods independent of each other.
- the control region (R) of the rotary electric machine (80) the first A speed range (VR1) and a second speed range (VR2) in which the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine (80) in the same torque (T) is higher than that of the first speed range (VR1) are set, and the control method is set.
- Is a pulse width modulation control in which a plurality of pulses having different patterns are output in one cycle of the electric angle, and a plurality of pulses having different patterns are output in the first period (T1) which is 1/2 cycle of the electric angle.
- the mixed pulse width modulation control which is controlled so that the ineffective state continues in the second period (T2), which is the remaining 1/2 cycle, is included, and the first inverter in the second speed range (VR2). Both the inverters (10) of (11) and the second inverter (12) are controlled by the mixed pulse width modulation control.
- Mixed pulse width modulation control is a control method that combines a period in which the pulse width is modulated and a period in which the pulse width is not modulated (fixed state) by about half a cycle during one cycle of the electric angle. That is, since the inverter (10) does not perform the switching operation in a period of about 1/2 of the drive time, the switching loss is reduced and the system loss is reduced.
- the second speed range (VR2) in which the mixed pulse width modulation control is executed is set to a higher speed side than the first speed range (VR1) in the same torque (T), and is relatively medium speed / high speed. This is the control area on the side.
- the system loss in the control region on the medium speed / high speed side is relatively reduced in the entire operating region of the rotary electric machine (80), thereby reducing the overall system loss in the entire operating region. can do.
- the pulse width modulation control a plurality of pulses are generated based on the command value and the carrier, and in the mixed pulse width modulation control, the wave height is 1/2 of the range of the command value.
- a plurality of pulses are generated based on the half carrier which is a carrier and the command value, and the mixed pulse width modulation control is a high voltage side or a low voltage side of the amplitude center of the command value as the half carrier.
- the first inverter (11) is based on the command value (Vu ** ) common to the first half carrier (CA1) set on one side and the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12).
- the second half carrier (CA2) and the command are set on the other side of the amplitude center of the command value on the higher voltage side or the lower voltage side in the same phase as the first half carrier (CA1).
- a double half carrier / single reference method that generates a pulse for the second inverter (12) based on the value (Vu **), or a higher voltage side or lower than the amplitude center of the command value as the half carrier.
- a pulse for the first inverter (11) is generated based on the first half carrier (CA1) set on one side of the voltage side and the first command value (Vu1 **) for the first inverter (11).
- the second half carrier (CA2) and the first command value (Vu1 ** ) set on the same side as the first half carrier (CA1) in a phase 180 degrees different from that of the first half carrier (CA1).
- a double half carrier double reference system that generates a pulse for the second inverter (12) based on a second command value (Vu2 ** ) for the second inverter (12) that is 180 degrees out of phase.
- the single half carrier / double reference method is a method of generating a pulse based on a common half carrier and two command values whose phases are 180 degrees out of phase with each other.
- the double half carrier single reference method and the double half carrier double reference method have higher harmonics, especially at the carrier (CA) frequency, than the single half carrier double reference method. It has been confirmed that wave noise is suppressed. Therefore, it is preferable that the mixed pulse width modulation control is executed by the double half carrier single reference method or the double half carrier double reference method.
- the arm (3A) for one AC phase is formed by a series circuit of an upper switching element (3H) and a lower switching element (3L), respectively.
- the upper switching element (3H) of the arm (3A) of all the plurality of phases is turned on, or the lower switching element (3L) of the arm (3A) of all the plurality of phases is turned on.
- the rotary electric machine control device (1) does not need to control the two inverters (10) so that the amplitude of the alternating current is always large.
- the rotational speed of the rotary electric machine (80) is low, 1 It may be sufficient to generate an AC voltage that can be generated by one inverter (10).
- one of the two inverters (10) is active. It is controlled by short circuit control.
- the open windings (8) are short-circuited with each other in the one inverter (10), and the rotary electric machine (80) becomes similar to the rotary electric machine in which the stator coil has an electrical neutral point. That is, substantially only one of the two inverters (10) drives the rotary electric machine (80). Since the inverter (10) controlled by the active short circuit control does not perform the switching operation, the rotary electric machine (80) can be driven while suppressing the loss of the entire system.
- the rotary electric machine control device (1) has the control method for controlling the first inverter (11) and the control method for controlling the second inverter (12) in the first speed range (VR1). , It is preferable to replace them alternately according to the predetermined conditions.
- the control method By switching the control method, it is possible to prevent the consumption of only one of the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12).
- the DC power supply (61) and the second inverter (61) are connected to the first inverter (11). 2
- the defined conditions are, for example, a certain period of time, the power consumption of the DC power supply (6), and the like.
- the pulse width modulation control includes continuous pulse width modulation control in which all of the multi-phase arms (3A) are continuously pulse-width modulated, and a part of the multi-phase arms (3A).
- a discontinuous pulse width modulation control that performs pulse width modulation including a period for fixing the switching element (3) to the on state or the off state is included, and the rotary electric machine control device (1) is the first speed.
- the inverter (10) of one of the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12) is activated.
- the other inverter (10) is controlled by the continuous pulse width modulation control, and the high speed side first speed range (VR2-2) in the first speed range (VR1).
- one of the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12), the inverter (10), is controlled by the active short circuit control, and the other inverter (10) is subjected to the discontinuous pulse width modulation. It is preferable to control by control.
- the maximum modulation factor by the discontinuous pulse width modulation control executed in the high speed side first speed region (VR1-2) is the continuous pulse width modulation control executed in the low speed side first speed region (VR1-1). Greater than the maximum modulation factor.
- the high speed side first speed range (VR1-2) is a control region (R) in which the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine (80) is higher than that of the low speed side first speed range (VR1-1) in the same torque (T). From the viewpoint of system efficiency, it is preferable that the first speed range (VR1-2) on the high speed side is modulated at a higher modulation rate than the first speed range (VR1-1) on the low speed side.
- the first speed range (VR1-2) is performed.
- one inverter (10) can appropriately drive the rotary electric machine (80).
- the target first speed range in which both the inverters (10) of the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12) are controlled by the mixed pulse width modulation control. It is preferable to carry out control.
- the mixed pulse width modulation control is a control method that combines a period in which the pulse width is modulated and a period in which the pulse width is not modulated (fixed state) by about half a cycle during one cycle of the electric angle. That is, the rotary electric machine (80) is driven by only one of the two inverters (10) substantially every 1/2 cycle. Since the inverter (10) does not perform the switching operation in a period of about 1/2 of the drive time, the switching loss is reduced and the system loss is reduced.
- the rotary electric machine control device (1) is provided with switchable between a loss reduction priority mode and a noise reduction priority mode as the control mode of the rotary electric machine (80).
- the loss reduction priority mode the first speed range ( In the VR1), the target first speed range control is executed, and in the noise reduction priority mode, in the first speed range (VR1), both the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12) are executed.
- the alternative first speed range control in which the inverter (10) is controlled by the pulse width modulation control is executed instead of the target first speed range control.
- the pulsating component superimposed on the fundamental wave of the alternating current may generate noise in the audible frequency band.
- the rotation speed of the rotating electric machine (80) is low, there is a high possibility that the frequency of the pulsating component (or its sideband frequency) is included in the audible frequency band.
- the output of the inverter (10) controlled by pulse width modulation control is larger than that when two inverters (10) are used. Become. That is, the energy of noise is also high.
- the noise energy can be reduced as compared with the case where one inverter (10) is used, and both inverters (10) cancel each other out. Can also be controlled.
- the noise reduction priority mode since the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12) are controlled by the same control method, it is easy to perform control so as to cancel out noise components.
- the control mode of the rotary electric machine (80) can be switched between the loss reduction priority mode and the noise reduction priority mode, so that operation with high system efficiency and noise reduction can be achieved at the same time.
- the two inverters (10) can be appropriately controlled according to the operating conditions.
- the arm (3A) for one AC phase is formed by a series circuit of an upper switching element (3H) and a lower switching element (3L), respectively.
- the mixed pulse width modulation control is configured so that the ineffective state continues in the second period (T2), and all of the plurality of phases of the arms (3A) in the first period (T1).
- Mixed continuous pulse width modulation control that continuously performs pulse width modulation, control so that the ineffective state continues in the second period (T2), and a part of the plurality of phases in the first period (T1).
- the arm (3A) includes a mixed discontinuous pulse width modulation control that performs pulse width modulation including a period for fixing the switching element in the on state or the off state, and the rotary electric machine control device (1) has the second speed.
- the inverters (10) of both the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12) are mixed.
- Controlled by continuous pulse width modulation control in the high speed side second speed range (VR2-2) on the high speed side in the second speed range (VR2), the first inverter (11) and the second inverter ( It is preferable to control both of the inverters (10) of 12) by the mixed discontinuous pulse width modulation control.
- Mixed pulse width modulation control is a control method that combines a period in which the pulse width is modulated and a period in which the pulse width is not modulated (fixed state) by about half a cycle during one cycle of the electric angle.
- continuous pulse width modulation is executed as a pulse width modulation method
- discontinuous pulse width modulation is executed as a pulse width modulation method.
- the maximum modulation factor by the discontinuous pulse width modulation control is larger than the maximum modulation factor of the continuous pulse width modulation control.
- the high speed side second speed range (VR2-2) is a control region (R) in which the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine (80) is higher than that of the low speed side second speed range (VR2-1) in the same torque (T). From the viewpoint of system efficiency, it is preferable that the second speed range (VR2-2) on the high speed side is modulated at a higher modulation rate than the second speed range (VR2-1) on the low speed side.
- Mixed continuous pulse width modulation control combined with continuous pulse width modulation control is performed in the low speed side second speed range (VR2-1), and discontinuous pulse width modulation control is performed in the high speed side second speed range (VR2-2).
- control method includes discontinuous pulse width modulation control in which pulse width modulation is performed including a period for fixing the switching element in the on state or the off state for a part of the arms (3A) of the plurality of phases, and the rotation In the high speed side second speed range (VR2-2), the electric control device (1) replaces the mixed discontinuous pulse width modulation control with the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12). Both of the inverters (10) may be controlled by the discontinuous pulse width modulation control.
- the second speed range (VR2-2) on the high speed side is set on the relatively high speed side in the control area (R) of the rotary electric machine (80), and a relatively high modulation factor is required. There is a high possibility that it will become.
- the mixed pulse width modulation control is a control method that combines a period in which the pulse width is modulated and a period in which the pulse width is not modulated (fixed state) by about half a cycle during one cycle of the electric angle. That is, since the mixed pulse width modulation control includes a non-modulation period, the maximum modulation rate is lower than that in the case where the pulse width modulation is performed in the entire period.
- both inverters (10) are discontinuously pulsed.
- the width modulation control By controlling by the width modulation control, the rotary electric machine (80) can be appropriately driven.
- the rotary electric machine control device (1) modulates both the inverters (10) of the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12) in the first speed range (VR1) by the mixed pulse width modulation.
- a high torque equal to or higher than the specified torque (Tref), which is a predetermined torque, in the first speed range (VR1) and the second speed range (VR2).
- Tref specified torque
- both inverters (10) of the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12) are controlled by the pulse width modulation control, and a low torque region (Tref) less than the specified torque (Tref) is used.
- VRL it is preferable to control both the inverters (10) of the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12) by the mixed pulse width modulation control.
- both the inverters (10) of the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12) are in the first speed range (VR1) and the second speed range (VR2). , Controlled by mixed pulse width modulation control.
- VRH high torque region
- VR2 the harmonic component of the frequency of the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine (80) is used. It has been confirmed that the corresponding ripple component appears in the direct current bus current (Idc).
- the DC side of the inverter (10) is provided with a DC link capacitor (4) (smoothing capacitor) for smoothing a DC power supply (6) and a DC bus voltage (DC link voltage (Vdc)).
- the ripple component of the DC bus current (Idc) may reduce the life of the DC power supply (6) and the DC link capacitor (4). It is possible to reduce the ripple by increasing the capacity of the DC link capacitor (4), but it may lead to an increase in the size and cost of the DC link capacitor (4). Therefore, it is preferable to reduce the ripple of the direct current bus current (Idc). According to this configuration, in the high torque region (VRH) where such ripple becomes large, pulse width modulation control is executed instead of mixed pulse width modulation control.
- the rotary electric machine control device (1) sets the pulse width of both the inverters (10) of the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12).
- the low torque region (VRL) which is controlled by modulation control and is less than the specified torque (Tref)
- both the inverters (10) of the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12) are modulated by the mixed pulse width.
- the arm (3A) for one AC phase has an upper switching element (3H) and a lower switching element (3L), respectively.
- the pulse width modulation control includes continuous pulse width modulation control that continuously performs pulse width modulation for all of the multi-phase arms (3A) and one of the plurality of phases as the control method.
- the mixed pulse width modulation control includes discontinuous pulse width modulation control in which pulse width modulation is performed for the arm (3A) of the unit including a period for fixing the switching element (3) in the on state or the off state.
- a mixed continuous pulse that controls so that the ineffective state continues in the second period (T2) and continuously performs pulse width modulation for all of the arms (3A) having a plurality of phases in the first period (T1).
- the mixed discontinuous pulse width modulation control that performs pulse width modulation including a period of fixing to the on state or the off state is included, and the low speed side region in the second speed region (VR2) is the low speed side second.
- the rotary electric machine control device (1) has the first speed range (VR2-1), the high speed side region in the second speed range (VR2) as the high speed side second speed range (VR2-2), and the rotary electric machine control device (1).
- the inverters of both the 1st inverter (11) and the 2nd inverter (12). (10) is controlled by the mixed continuous pulse width modulation control, and in the low torque region (VRL) in the high speed side second speed region (VR2-2), the first inverter (11) and the second inverter Both of the inverters (10) of (12) are controlled by the mixed discontinuous pulse width modulation control, and the first speed range is controlled.
- the inverters (10) of both the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12) are controlled by the continuous pulse width modulation control, and the second inverter (12) is controlled.
- the inverters (10) of both the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12) are controlled by the discontinuous pulse width modulation control. Is.
- the control area (R) where the mixed continuous pulse width modulation control is appropriate and the control area (R) where the continuous pulse width modulation control is appropriate do not completely match, and the mixed discontinuous pulse width modulation control is the appropriate control area.
- (R) and the discontinuous pulse width modulation control do not completely match the appropriate control region (R). Therefore, for example, when the mixed pulse width control is executed in the low torque region (VRL) and the pulse width modulation control is executed in the high torque region (VRH), the mixed continuous pulse width modulation control and the continuous pulse width modulation control are simply used. It is not always necessary to switch the control method between the two, and switch the control method between the mixed discontinuous pulse width modulation control and the discontinuous pulse width modulation control.
- the mixed continuous pulse width modulation is performed in the low torque region (VRL) in the first speed region (VR1) and the low speed side second speed region (VR2-1).
- Control mixed discontinuous pulse width modulation control in the low torque region (VRL) in the high speed side second speed region (VR2-2), continuous pulse width in the high torque region (VRH) in the first speed region (VR1)
- both the inverters (10) of the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12) are controlled by the discontinuous pulse width modulation control. It turned out that it is preferable.
- the rotary electric machine (80) can be appropriately driven in the entire range of the first speed range (VR1) and the second speed range (VR2).
- each control region (R) is the effective rotation speed of the rotary electric machine (80) according to the torque of the rotary electric machine (80) and the line voltage of the multi-phase AC voltage with respect to the DC bus voltage. It is preferable that the value is set according to at least one of the ratio of the values.
- the operating conditions of the rotating electric machine (80) are often defined by the relationship between the rotating speed and the torque.
- the rotary electric machine control device (1) changes the control method for controlling the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12) based on the rotation speed which is one parameter, the operating conditions of the rotary electric machine (80) are changed. It is possible to drive and control the rotary electric machine (80) with high efficiency according to the above. Further, for example, when a rotating electric machine (80) is required to have a high output (fast rotation speed and high torque), the voltage type inverter raises the DC bus voltage or converts the DC bus voltage into an AC voltage. The requirement is realized by increasing the ratio.
- the requirement can be realized by increasing the ratio of the DC bus voltage converted to the AC voltage.
- This ratio can be shown as the ratio of the effective value of the 3-phase AC power to the DC power (in the case of a voltage type inverter, it is equivalent to the ratio of the effective value of the line voltage of the 3-phase AC voltage to the DC bus voltage).
- the rotary electric machine (80) can be driven and controlled with high efficiency according to the operating conditions of the rotary electric machine (80).
- a square wave control in which one pulse is output in one cycle of the electric angle is further provided, and the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine (80) with the same torque (T) is the second speed range (VR2).
- a third speed range (VR3) higher than the above is further set, and the rotary electric machine control device (1) sets the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12) in the third speed range (VR3). It is preferable to control both of the inverters (10) by the square wave control.
- the smoothness of rotation is transferred to the pulse width modulation control, but the rotating electric machine (80) can be driven by the physically (mathematical) highest modulation rate.
- rectangular wave control can be executed in addition to pulse width modulation control as a control method, the flexibility of control will be increased and the rotary electric machine (80) will be driven and controlled with high efficiency according to the operating conditions of the rotary electric machine (80). can do.
- rotation in which a rotary electric machine (80) having a plurality of phases of open windings (8) independent of each other is driven and controlled via a first inverter (11) and a second inverter (12).
- the first inverter (11) is connected to one end side of the multi-phase open winding (8) to convert power between DC and multi-phase AC
- the electric control device (1) is described.
- the second inverter (12) is connected to the other end side of the multi-phase open winding (8) to convert power between DC and the multi-phase AC, and the first inverter (11) and the said.
- the arm (3A) for one AC phase is composed of a series circuit of the upper switching element (3H) and the lower switching element (3L), respectively, and the first inverter (11) and the first inverter (11)
- pulse width modulation control in which a plurality of pulses having different patterns are output in one cycle of the electric angle and the upper switching element (3A) of the arms (3A) of all the plurality of phases are used.
- the pulse width modulation control includes at least an active short circuit control that turns on the 3H) or turns on the lower switching element (3L) of the arms (3A) of all the plurality of phases, and the pulse width modulation control includes the above.
- continuous pulse width modulation control that continuously performs pulse width modulation for all of the multi-phase arms (3A) and a switching element (3) are turned on for some of the multi-phase arms (3A).
- a discontinuous pulse width modulation control that performs pulse width modulation including a period of fixing to an off state is included, and the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12) are independent of each other. It can be controlled by a control method, and as the control region (R) of the rotary electric machine (80), the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine (80) at the same torque as the first speed range (VR1) is the first speed range (R).
- a second speed range (VR2) higher than VR1) and a third speed range (VR3) in which the rotation speed of the rotary electric machine (80) at the same torque is higher than the second speed range (VR2) are set.
- the first speed range (VR1) one inverter (10) of the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12) is controlled by the active short circuit control, and the other inverter (10) is controlled.
- the second speed range (VR2) the first inverter (11) And one of the inverters (10) of the second inverter (12) is controlled by the active short circuit control, and the other inverter (10) is controlled by the discontinuous pulse width modulation control.
- target control is executed in which the inverters (10) of both the first inverter (11) and the second inverter (12) are controlled by the discontinuous pulse width modulation control.
- the rotary electric machine control device (1) does not need to control the two inverters (10) so that the amplitude of the alternating current is always large.
- the rotational speed of the rotary electric machine (80) is low, 1 It may be sufficient to generate an AC voltage that can be generated by one inverter (10).
- one of the two inverters (10) (10) is controlled by active short circuit control.
- the open windings (8) are short-circuited with each other in the one inverter (10), and the rotary electric machine (80) becomes similar to the rotary electric machine in which the stator coil has an electrical neutral point. That is, substantially only one of the two inverters (10) drives the rotary electric machine (80). Since the inverter (10) controlled by the active short circuit control does not perform the switching operation, the rotary electric machine (80) can be driven while suppressing the loss of the entire system. Further, the maximum modulation factor by the discontinuous pulse width modulation control executed in the second speed region (VR2) is larger than the maximum modulation factor of the continuous pulse width modulation control executed in the first speed region (VR1).
- the second speed range (VR2) is a control range in which the rotation speed of the rotating electric machine (80) is higher than that of the first speed range (VR1) in the same torque (T), and from the viewpoint of system efficiency, the second speed range (VR2).
- the modulation is performed at a higher modulation rate than in the first speed range (VR1).
- both inverters (10) are controlled by discontinuous pulse width modulation control, so that they are open.
- the rotary electric machine (80) can be driven by generating a line voltage higher than the voltage that can be generated from one DC power supply (6) in the winding (8). As described above, according to this configuration, it is possible to appropriately control the two inverters provided at both ends of the open winding.
- Rotating electric machine control device 3 Switching element, 3A: Arm, 3H: Upper stage switching element, 3L: Lower stage switching element, 8: Stator coil (open winding), 10: Inverter, 11: First inverter, 12: 2nd inverter, 80: rotary electric machine, R: control area, T: torque, T1: 1st period, T2: 2nd period, VR1: 1st speed range, VR1-1: 1st speed range on the low speed side , VR1-2: 1st speed range on the high speed side, VR2: 2nd speed range on the high speed side, VR2-1: 2nd speed range on the low speed side, VR2-2: 2nd speed range on the high speed side, VR3: 3rd speed range , VR4: 4th speed range, VRH: high torque range, VRL: low torque range
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Abstract
Description
以下、回転電機80の動作条件に応じて、第1インバータ11と第2インバータ12とを異なる制御方式で制御する制御モードを有する回転電機制御装置1の実施形態について詳細に説明する。
この場合、下記の表4に示すように、回転電機制御装置1は、第3速度域VR3において、第1インバータ11及び第2インバータ12の双方のインバータ10を前記矩形波制御により制御すると好適である。尚、表4には、第1速度域VR1及び第2速度域VR2がそれぞれ低速度側及び高速度側の2つの領域に分割されている場合の制御方式の割り当てを例示している。第1速度域VR1及び第2速度域VR2は分割されていない場合の形態については、表1に第3速度域VR3を追加すれば良いので表の記載は省略する。
Mi_inv2=Va_inv2/E2=Va_inv2/E ・・・(2)
Mi_sys =(Va_inv1+Va_inv2)/(E1+E2)
=(Va_inv1+Va_inv2)/2E ・・・(3)
そして、本実施形態では、混合パルス幅変調制御の方式として、ダブルハーフキャリア・シングルリファレンス方式と、ダブルハーフキャリア・ダブルリファレンス方式との2つを例示している。
“(4/3)E”となり、線間電圧の最大振幅は、“2E”となる(図3及び図4のベクトル図も参照)。尚、第1直流電源61と第2直流電源62とは独立しており、第1直流電源61の第1直流バス電圧E1と、第2直流電源62の第2直流バス電圧E2とは、異なる値であってもよい。例えば、正確には、U相電圧の最大振幅は、“((2/3)E1)+(2/3)E2”であるが、理解を容易にするために本明細書中では“E1=E2=E”とする。
図38及び図43は、直流リンクコンデンサ4を流れるコンデンサ電流Icの波形、及びコンデンサ電流IcのFFT解析結果を示している。2インバータシステムについては、代表として、第1インバータ11の側の第1直流リンクコンデンサ41を流れる電流の波形を示している。
また、2インバータシステムについては、代表として、第1インバータ11の直流リンク電圧Vdcの波形を示している。
即ち、混合不連続パルス幅変調制御を用いた2インバータシステムでは、回転周波数“fm”の3次高調波成分“3fm”のリップル成分が観測され、第1動作点Q1では、他のシステムにおける10[V]程度の波高のリップル電圧に対して、約15[V]の波高を有するリップル電圧が観測される。しかし、第1動作点Q1に比べて第2動作点Q2では、このリップル電圧の波高が抑制され、一般的な不連続パルス幅変調制御を用いた2インバータシステムにおける3[V]程度の波高のリップル電圧に対して、約5[V]の波高のリップル電圧となり、一般的な不連続パルス幅変調制御を用いた2インバータシステムとほぼ同等程度に抑制されている。
以下、回転電機80の動作条件に応じて、第1インバータ11と第2インバータ12とを異なる制御方式で制御する制御モードを有する回転電機制御装置1の第2の実施形態について詳細に説明する。上述した第1実施形態と同様の事項については、第1実施形態の説明において参照した図面を参照して説明する。また、第1実施形態とは異なる図面を参照した第2実施形態の説明においても、第1実施形態と共通する事項については、同一の参照符号を用いて説明する。
Mi_inv2=Va_inv2/E2=Va_inv2/E ・・・(2)
Mi_sys =(Va_inv1+Va_inv2)/(E1+E2)
=(Va_inv1+Va_inv2)/2E ・・・(3)
以下、上記において説明した回転電機制御装置(1)の概要について簡単に説明する。
Claims (14)
- 互いに独立した複数相のオープン巻線を有する回転電機を、第1インバータ及び第2インバータを介して駆動制御する回転電機制御装置であって、
前記第1インバータは、複数相の前記オープン巻線の一端側に接続されて直流と複数相の交流との間で電力を変換し、
前記第2インバータは、複数相の前記オープン巻線の他端側に接続されて直流と複数相の交流との間で電力を変換し、
前記第1インバータと前記第2インバータとのそれぞれを、スイッチングパターンが異なる複数の制御方式により制御可能であると共に、互いに独立した前記制御方式で制御可能であり、
前記回転電機の制御領域として、第1速度域と、同じトルクにおける前記回転電機の回転速度が前記第1速度域よりも高い第2速度域とが設定され、
前記制御方式には、電気角の一周期においてパターンの異なる複数のパルスが出力されるパルス幅変調制御と、電気角の1/2周期である第1期間においてパターンの異なる複数のパルスが出力され、残りの1/2周期である第2期間において非有効状態が継続するように制御される混合パルス幅変調制御とが含まれ、
前記第2速度域において、前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータの双方のインバータを、前記混合パルス幅変調制御により制御する、回転電機制御装置。 - 前記パルス幅変調制御は、指令値とキャリアとに基づいて複数のパルスが生成されるものであり、
前記混合パルス幅変調制御は、前記指令値の変域の1/2の波高の前記キャリアであるハーフキャリアと前記指令値とに基づいて複数のパルスを生成するものであり、
前記混合パルス幅変調制御は、
前記ハーフキャリアとして前記指令値の振幅中心よりも高電圧側又は低電圧側の一方に設定された第1ハーフキャリアと前記第1インバータ及び第2インバータに共通する前記指令値とに基づいて前記第1インバータ用のパルスを生成し、前記第1ハーフキャリアと同じ位相で前記指令値の振幅中心よりも高電圧側又は低電圧側の他方に設定された第2ハーフキャリアと前記指令値とに基づいて前記第2インバータ用のパルスを生成するダブルハーフキャリア・シングルリファレンス方式、或いは、
前記ハーフキャリアとして前記指令値の振幅中心よりも高電圧側又は低電圧側の一方に設定された第1ハーフキャリアと前記第1インバータ用の第1指令値とに基づいて前記第1インバータ用のパルスを生成し、前記第1ハーフキャリアと180度異なる位相で前記第1ハーフキャリアと同じ側に設定された第2ハーフキャリアと前記第1指令値とは位相が180度異なる前記第2インバータ用の第2指令値とに基づいて前記第2インバータ用のパルスを生成するダブルハーフキャリア・ダブルリファレンス方式、により、複数のパルスを生成する、請求項1に記載の回転電機制御装置。 - 前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータは、それぞれ交流1相分のアームが上段側スイッチング素子と下段側スイッチング素子との直列回路により構成され、
前記制御方式には、複数相全ての前記アームの前記上段側スイッチング素子をオン状態とする又は複数相全ての前記アームの前記下段側スイッチング素子をオン状態とするアクティブショートサーキット制御がさらに含まれ、
前記第1速度域において、前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータの一方の前記インバータを前記アクティブショートサーキット制御により制御し、他方の前記インバータを前記パルス幅変調制御により制御する対象第1速度域制御を実行する、請求項1又は2に記載の回転電機制御装置。 - 前記第1速度域において、前記第1インバータを制御する前記制御方式と前記第2インバータを制御する前記制御方式とを、予め規定された条件に従って交互に入れ替える、請求項3に記載の回転電機制御装置。
- 前記パルス幅変調制御には、前記制御方式として、複数相の前記アームの全てについて連続的にパルス幅変調を行う連続パルス幅変調制御と、複数相の一部の前記アームについてスイッチング素子をオン状態又はオフ状態に固定する期間を含んでパルス幅変調を行う不連続パルス幅変調制御とが含まれ、
前記第1速度域内における低速度側の低速度側第1速度域では、前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータの一方の前記インバータを前記アクティブショートサーキット制御により制御し、他方の前記インバータを前記連続パルス幅変調制御により制御し、
前記第1速度域内における高速度側の高速度側第1速度域では、前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータの一方の前記インバータを前記アクティブショートサーキット制御により制御し、他方の前記インバータを前記不連続パルス幅変調制御により制御する請求項3又は4に記載の回転電機制御装置。 - 前記第1速度域において、前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータの双方のインバータを、前記混合パルス幅変調制御により制御する対象第1速度域制御を実行する、請求項1又は2に記載の回転電機制御装置。
- 前記回転電機の制御モードとして、損失低減優先モードと、ノイズ低減優先モードとを切り替え可能に備え、
前記損失低減優先モードでは、前記第1速度域において、前記対象第1速度域制御を実行し、
前記ノイズ低減優先モードでは、前記第1速度域において、前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータの双方の前記インバータを前記パルス幅変調制御により制御する代替第1速度域制御を、前記対象第1速度域制御に代えて実行する、請求項3から6の何れか一項に記載の回転電機制御装置。 - 前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータは、それぞれ交流1相分のアームが上段側スイッチング素子と下段側スイッチング素子との直列回路により構成され、
前記混合パルス幅変調制御には、前記第2期間において非有効状態が継続するように制御すると共に前記第1期間において複数相の前記アームの全てについて連続的にパルス幅変調を行う混合連続パルス幅変調制御と、前記第2期間において非有効状態が継続するように制御すると共に前記第1期間において複数相の一部の前記アームについてスイッチング素子をオン状態又はオフ状態に固定する期間を含んでパルス幅変調を行う混合不連続パルス幅変調制御とが含まれ、
前記第2速度域内における低速度側の低速度側第2速度域では、前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータの双方の前記インバータを前記混合連続パルス幅変調制御により制御し、
前記第2速度域内における高速度側の高速度側第2速度域では、前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータの双方の前記インバータを前記混合不連続パルス幅変調制御により制御する、請求項1から7の何れか一項に記載の回転電機制御装置。 - 前記制御方式として、複数相の一部の前記アームについてスイッチング素子をオン状態又はオフ状態に固定する期間を含んでパルス幅変調を行う不連続パルス幅変調制御が含まれ、
前記高速度側第2速度域において、前記混合不連続パルス幅変調制御に代えて、前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータの双方の前記インバータを前記不連続パルス幅変調制御により制御する、請求項8に記載の回転電機制御装置。 - 前記第1速度域及び前記第2速度域において、予め規定されたトルクである規定トルク以上の高トルク領域では、前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータの双方のインバータを前記パルス幅変調制御により制御し、前記規定トルク未満の低トルク領域では、前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータの双方のインバータを前記混合パルス幅変調制御により制御する、請求項6に記載の回転電機制御装置。
- 前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータは、それぞれ交流1相分のアームが上段側スイッチング素子と下段側スイッチング素子との直列回路により構成され、
前記パルス幅変調制御には、前記制御方式として、複数相の前記アームの全てについて連続的にパルス幅変調を行う連続パルス幅変調制御と、複数相の一部の前記アームについてスイッチング素子をオン状態又はオフ状態に固定する期間を含んでパルス幅変調を行う不連続パルス幅変調制御とが含まれ、
前記混合パルス幅変調制御には、前記第2期間において非有効状態が継続するように制御すると共に前記第1期間において複数相の前記アームの全てについて連続的にパルス幅変調を行う混合連続パルス幅変調制御と、前記第2期間において非有効状態が継続するように制御すると共に前記第1期間において複数相の一部の前記アームについてスイッチング素子をオン状態又はオフ状態に固定する期間を含んでパルス幅変調を行う混合不連続パルス幅変調制御とが含まれ、
前記第2速度域内における低速度側の領域を低速度側第2速度域とし、前記第2速度域内における高速度側の領域を高速度側第2速度域として、
前記第1速度域及び前記低速度側第2速度域における前記低トルク領域では、前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータの双方の前記インバータを前記混合連続パルス幅変調制御により制御し、
前記高速度側第2速度域における前記低トルク領域では、前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータの双方の前記インバータを前記混合不連続パルス幅変調制御により制御し、
前記第1速度域における前記高トルク領域では、前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータの双方の前記インバータを前記連続パルス幅変調制御により制御し、
前記第2速度域における前記高トルク領域では、前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータの双方の前記インバータを前記不連続パルス幅変調制御により制御する、請求項10に記載の回転電機制御装置。 - それぞれの制御領域の境界は、前記回転電機のトルクに応じた前記回転電機の回転速度と、直流バス電圧に対する複数相の交流電圧の線間電圧の実効値の割合と、の少なくとも一方に応じて設定されている、請求項1から11の何れか一項に記載の回転電機制御装置。
- 前記制御方式として、電気角の一周期において1つのパルスが出力される矩形波制御をさらに備え、
同じトルクにおける前記回転電機の回転速度が前記第2速度域よりも高い第3速度域がさらに設定され、
前記第3速度域において、前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータの双方の前記インバータを前記矩形波制御により制御する、請求項1から12の何れか一項に記載の回転電機制御装置。 - 互いに独立した複数相のオープン巻線を有する回転電機を、第1インバータ及び第2インバータを介して駆動制御する回転電機制御装置であって、
前記第1インバータは、複数相の前記オープン巻線の一端側に接続されて直流と複数相の交流との間で電力を変換し、
前記第2インバータは、複数相の前記オープン巻線の他端側に接続されて直流と複数相の交流との間で電力を変換し、
前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータは、それぞれ交流1相分のアームが上段側スイッチング素子と下段側スイッチング素子との直列回路により構成され、
前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータの制御方式として、電気角の一周期においてパターンの異なる複数のパルスが出力されるパルス幅変調制御と、複数相全ての前記アームの前記上段側スイッチング素子をオン状態とする又は複数相全ての前記アームの前記下段側スイッチング素子をオン状態とするアクティブショートサーキット制御とを少なくとも備えると共に、前記パルス幅変調制御には、前記制御方式として、複数相の前記アームの全てについて連続的にパルス幅変調を行う連続パルス幅変調制御と、複数相の一部の前記アームについてスイッチング素子をオン状態又はオフ状態に固定する期間を含んでパルス幅変調を行う不連続パルス幅変調制御とが含まれ、
前記第1インバータと前記第2インバータとのそれぞれを、互いに独立した前記制御方式で制御可能であり、
前記回転電機の制御領域として、第1速度域と、同じトルクにおける前記回転電機の回転速度が前記第1速度域よりも高い第2速度域と、同じトルクにおける前記回転電機の回転速度が前記第2速度域よりも高い第3速度域とが設定され、
前記第1速度域において、前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータの一方のインバータを前記アクティブショートサーキット制御により制御し、他方の前記インバータを前記連続パルス幅変調制御により制御し、
前記第2速度域において、前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータの一方の前記インバータを前記アクティブショートサーキット制御により制御し、他方の前記インバータを前記不連続パルス幅変調制御により制御し、
前記第3速度域において、前記第1インバータ及び前記第2インバータの双方の前記インバータを前記不連続パルス幅変調制御により制御する対象制御を実行する、回転電機制御装置。
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