WO2021140905A1 - 吸収体、吸水性樹脂、及び吸収性物品 - Google Patents
吸収体、吸水性樹脂、及び吸収性物品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021140905A1 WO2021140905A1 PCT/JP2020/047821 JP2020047821W WO2021140905A1 WO 2021140905 A1 WO2021140905 A1 WO 2021140905A1 JP 2020047821 W JP2020047821 W JP 2020047821W WO 2021140905 A1 WO2021140905 A1 WO 2021140905A1
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/42—Use of materials characterised by their function or physical properties
- A61L15/60—Liquid-swellable gel-forming materials, e.g. super-absorbents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/22—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising organic material
- B01J20/26—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- B01J20/265—Synthetic macromolecular compounds modified or post-treated polymers
- B01J20/267—Cross-linked polymers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28004—Sorbent size or size distribution, e.g. particle size
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28002—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their physical properties
- B01J20/28011—Other properties, e.g. density, crush strength
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
- B01J20/28—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties
- B01J20/28014—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof characterised by their form or physical properties characterised by their form
- B01J20/28047—Gels
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/04—Acids; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
- C08F220/06—Acrylic acid; Methacrylic acid; Metal salts or ammonium salts thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F220/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and only one being terminated by only one carboxyl radical or a salt, anhydride ester, amide, imide or nitrile thereof
- C08F220/02—Monocarboxylic acids having less than ten carbon atoms; Derivatives thereof
- C08F220/10—Esters
- C08F220/26—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen
- C08F220/28—Esters containing oxygen in addition to the carboxy oxygen containing no aromatic rings in the alcohol moiety
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F8/00—Chemical modification by after-treatment
- C08F8/14—Esterification
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530481—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having superabsorbent materials, i.e. highly absorbent polymer gel materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2220/00—Aspects relating to sorbent materials
- B01J2220/50—Aspects relating to the use of sorbent or filter aid materials
- B01J2220/68—Superabsorbents
Definitions
- the present invention when used for an absorbent article such as a thin paper diaper having an absorber having a small ratio of fiber materials such as pulp, the amount of pressurized sap liquid obtained for the second and subsequent urination is improved as compared with the conventional case.
- the present invention relates to an absorbent body, a water-absorbent resin used for the absorbent body, which has a higher absorption ratio under pressure for urination from the second time onward, and an absorbent article containing the absorbent body.
- the absorber is formed of a composite of a water-absorbent resin and crushed wood pulp.
- Crushed wood pulp is a hydrophilic fiber mainly composed of cellulose.
- next-generation absorbers used for sanitary products such as disposable diapers are required to have an excellent liquid acquisition function in a short time even when the ratio of fiber materials such as pulp is small.
- a water-absorbent resin required for an absorber having a small ratio of fiber materials such as pulp having the above-mentioned excellent liquid acquisition function in a short time liquid acquisition in a shorter time than that of a conventional water-absorbent resin.
- a water-absorbent resin having excellent functions is required.
- the water-absorbent resins described in Patent Documents 1 to 5 have an excellent water-absorbing rate by themselves, the absorbability of thin paper diapers and the like having an absorber having a small ratio of fiber materials such as pulp, for example.
- it has a problem that the liquid acquisition function of absorbent articles such as paper diapers for the second and subsequent urination is insufficient.
- the amount of the absorbent under pressure obtained for the second and subsequent urinations is insufficient, and the absorption ratio under pressure of the water-absorbent resin for the second and subsequent urinations is insufficient.
- One aspect of the present invention is a liquid of an absorbent article such as a paper diaper for the second and subsequent urination even when an absorber having a small ratio of a fiber material such as pulp is used for an absorbent article such as a thin paper diaper.
- the purpose is to improve the acquisition function more than before.
- the present invention provides an absorber in which the amount of pressurized liquid obtained for the second and subsequent urination is improved as compared with the conventional case, and a water-absorbent resin used for the absorber in which the absorption ratio under pressure for the second and subsequent urination is improved as compared with the conventional one.
- the main purpose is to do.
- the present inventors have conventionally used a water-absorbent resin having a gel expansion force of 26 N or more under pressure of 4.83 kPa, which has a conventional absorption ratio under pressure for the second and subsequent urination. Found to be better than.
- the water-absorbent resin was used for an absorber having a small ratio of a fiber material such as pulp, the amount of pressurized liquid obtained for the second and subsequent urination of the absorber could be improved as compared with the conventional case.
- the absorber according to the embodiment of the present invention contains a water-absorbent resin having a gel expansion force of 26 N or more under a pressure of 4.83 kPa.
- the liquid of the absorbent article such as a paper diaper for the second and subsequent urination.
- the acquisition function is improved more than before, and in particular, the absorber that the amount of pressurized fluid acquired for the second and subsequent urination is improved than before, and the water absorption that the absorption ratio under pressure for the second and subsequent urination is improved than before. Resin can be provided.
- Water-absorbent resin means a water-swellable water-insoluble polymer gelling agent, and is generally in the form of particles. Further, “water swellability” means that the absorption ratio (CRC) under no pressure defined by WSP241.3 (10) is 5 g / g or more, and “water insoluble” means WSP270.3. It means that the soluble content (Ext) defined in (10) is 50% by mass or less.
- CRC is an abbreviation for Centrifuge Retention Capacity, and means the absorption ratio of a water-absorbent resin under no pressure.
- the "water-absorbent resin” is preferably a hydrophilic cross-linked polymer obtained by cross-linking and polymerizing an unsaturated monomer having a carboxyl group.
- the total amount that is, 100% by mass, does not have to be a crosslinked polymer, and additives and the like can be contained within a range that satisfies the required performance such as CRC and Ext.
- water-absorbent resin is "a polymer in which only the inside is crosslinked, that is, a polymer in which the crosslink density between the inside and the surface is substantially the same” or "a polymer in which the inside and the surface are crosslinked”. That is, it may refer to a polymer in which the crosslink density on the surface is relatively high with respect to the crosslink density inside.
- the "polymer in which only the inside is crosslinked” and the “polymer in which the inside and the surface are crosslinked” are not distinguished in principle, and both are referred to as “water-absorbent resin".
- water-absorbent resin when it is necessary to clearly distinguish the presence or absence of surface cross-linking, the above-mentioned "polymer in which only the inside is cross-linked” is described as “water-absorbent resin before surface cross-linking" because it is before surface cross-linking.
- the "polymer in which the inside and the surface are cross-linked” is after the surface cross-linking, it is referred to as “water-absorbent resin after the surface cross-linking”.
- "before surface cross-linking” means "before adding a surface cross-linking agent" or "before the cross-linking reaction by heat treatment starts even after the surface cross-linking agent is added”.
- water-absorbent resin may contain a component other than the resin such as an additive, in addition to the case where it refers only to the resin component.
- Acrylic acid (salt) -based monomer polyacrylic acid (salt) -based water-absorbent resin
- acrylic acid (salt) means acrylic acid and / or a salt thereof.
- Acrylic acid (salt) -based monomer means a monomer containing 50 mol% or more of acrylic acid (salt) with respect to the entire monomer excluding the cross-linking agent.
- the "polyacrylic acid (salt) -based water-absorbent resin” means a polymer using acrylic acid (salt) as a raw material. That is, the “polyacrylic acid (salt) -based water-absorbent resin” is a polymer having a structural unit derived from acrylic acid (salt), and a polymer having a graft component as an optional component.
- the polyacrylic acid (salt) -based water-absorbent resin is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 70, based on the portion of the monomers involved in the polymerization reaction excluding the internal cross-linking agent. It is a polymer containing acrylic acid (salt) of mol% or more, more preferably 90 mol% or more, preferably 100 mol% or less, and particularly preferably substantially 100 mol% of acrylic acid (salt).
- EDANA and "WSP”
- EDANA is an abbreviation for European Disposables and Nonwovens Associations.
- WSP is an abbreviation for Worldwide Strategic Partners, and indicates a world-standard measurement method for water-absorbent resins provided by EDANA. In this specification, the physical characteristics of the water-absorbent resin are measured in accordance with the WSP original (revised in 2010).
- the measurement method of various physical properties of the water-absorbent resin follows the measurement method in the following examples.
- the water-absorbent resin according to the embodiment of the present invention has a gel expansion force of 26 N or more under a pressure of 4.83 kPa.
- a preferable manufacturing method of the water-absorbent resin will be described.
- Step 2 is a step of preparing a monomer containing acrylic acid (salt) as a main component and a monomer aqueous solution containing at least one polymerizable internal cross-linking agent.
- a monomer slurry liquid can be used, the monomer aqueous solution will be described in the present specification for convenience.
- Examples of the monomer used in the present invention include acrylic acid, (anhydrous) maleic acid, itaconic acid, silicic acid, vinyl sulfonic acid, allyl toluene sulfonic acid, vinyl toluene sulfonic acid, styrene sulfonic acid, 2-( Anionic unsaturated monomers such as meta) acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid, 2- (meth) acryloyloxyethanesulfonic acid, 2- (meth) acryloyloxypropanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethyl (meth) acryloyl phosphate.
- Amide group-containing unsaturated monomer contains amino groups such as N, N-dimethylaminoethyl (meth) acrylate, N, N-dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylate, and N, N-dimethylaminopropyl (meth) acrylamide. Examples include unsaturated monomers.
- the monomer includes a water-soluble or hydrophobic unsaturated monomer.
- acrylic acid (salt) is preferable. Further, acrylic acid (salt) and other monomers may be used in combination. In this case, the amount of acrylic acid (salt) used is preferably 50 mol% or more, more preferably 70 mol% or more, still more preferably 90 mol% or more, particularly preferably 90 mol% or more, based on the entire monomer excluding the cross-linking agent. Is substantially 100 mol%.
- an acrylic acid (salt) -based monomer When an acrylic acid (salt) -based monomer is used in the present invention, it is preferable that the acrylic acid is partially neutralized with a basic compound. That is, in the present invention, a water-absorbent resin in which the acid group of polyacrylic acid is partially neutralized is preferable.
- the basic compound examples include alkali metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates, alkali metal hydroxides, ammonia, and organic amines.
- a strongly basic compound is selected from the viewpoint of the water absorption performance of the water-absorbent resin. Therefore, hydroxides of alkali metals such as sodium, potassium and lithium are preferable, and sodium hydroxide is more preferable.
- the basic compound is preferably an aqueous solution from the viewpoint of handleability.
- Commercially available sodium hydroxide contains heavy metals such as zinc, lead, and iron on the order of ppm (mass basis), and can be said to be a composition in a strict sense. In the present invention, the composition is also included in the category of basic compounds.
- the timing of the neutralization may be any of before, during, and after the polymerization, and the neutralization can be performed at a plurality of times or a number of times. Further, from the viewpoint of the production efficiency of the water-absorbent resin, it is preferable to neutralize in a continuous manner.
- acrylic acid (salt) When acrylic acid (salt) is used in the present invention, its neutralization rate is preferably 10 mol% or more, more preferably 40 mol% or more, still more preferably 50 mol% or more, based on the acid group of the monomer. It is particularly preferably 60 mol% or more, preferably 90 mol% or less, more preferably 85 mol% or less, still more preferably 80 mol% or less, and particularly preferably 75 mol% or less.
- the neutralization rate is applied to any of the above-mentioned neutralization before, during, and after polymerization. The same applies to water-absorbent resins.
- an internal cross-linking agent In the preferred production method of the present invention, an internal cross-linking agent is used.
- the internal cross-linking agent include N, N'-methylenebis (meth) acrylamide, (poly) ethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, (poly) propylene glycol di (meth) acrylate, and trimethylolpropane di (meth) acrylate.
- an internal cross-linking agent having two or more polymerizable unsaturated groups more preferably 2 polymerizable unsaturated groups having a (poly) alkylene glycol structure.
- An internal cross-linking agent having one or more is selected.
- Specific examples of the polymerizable unsaturated group include an allyl group and a (meth) acrylate group. Of these, a (meth) acrylate group is preferable.
- examples of the internal cross-linking agent having two or more polymerizable unsaturated groups having the (poly) alkylene glycol structure include polyethylene glycol di (meth) acrylate.
- the number of alkylene glycol units (hereinafter referred to as "n") is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 2 or more, still more preferably 4 or more, particularly preferably 6 or more, and preferably 100 or less. , More preferably 50 or less, still more preferably 20 or less, and particularly preferably 10 or less.
- the amount of the internal cross-linking agent used is preferably 0.0001 mol% or more, more preferably 0.001 mol% or more, still more preferably 0.01 mol% or more, based on the monomer excluding the internal cross-linking agent. It is particularly preferably 0.02 mol% or more, preferably 10 mol% or less, more preferably 5 mol% or less, still more preferably 1 mol% or less, and particularly preferably 0.50 mol% or less.
- a water-absorbent resin having a desired water-absorbing performance can be obtained.
- the amount used if the amount used is outside the range, the water-soluble component may increase or the absorption ratio may decrease as the gel strength decreases.
- the timing of adding the internal cross-linking agent may be as long as the polymer can be uniformly cross-linked, and examples thereof include a method of adding the internal cross-linking agent to a monomer aqueous solution before polymerization or a hydrogel during or after polymerization. .. Above all, a method of adding a predetermined amount of the internal cross-linking agent to the monomer aqueous solution in advance is preferable.
- the substance include hydrophilic polymers such as starch, starch derivatives, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylic acid (salt), and crosslinked compounds of polyacrylic acid (salt); carbonic acid.
- hydrophilic polymers such as starch, starch derivatives, cellulose, cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyacrylic acid (salt), and crosslinked compounds of polyacrylic acid (salt); carbonic acid.
- PVA polyvinyl alcohol
- salts such as salts, azo compounds, compounds such as foaming agents that generate various bubbles, surfactants, chelating agents, and chain transfer agents.
- the amount of the hydrophilic polymer added is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less, still more preferably 10% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 5% by mass or less, based on the aqueous monomer solution. It is preferably 0% by mass or more, and more preferably more than 0% by mass.
- the amount of the compound added is preferably 5% by mass or less, more preferably 1% by mass or less, still more preferably 0.5% by mass or less, and preferably 0% by mass, based on the aqueous monomer solution. % Or more, more preferably more than 0% by mass.
- a graft polymer or a water-absorbent resin composition for example, a starch-acrylic acid (salt) copolymer or a PVA-acrylic acid (salt) copolymer. Etc. can be obtained.
- graft polymers or water-absorbent resin compositions are also included in the category of polyacrylic acid (salt) -based water-absorbent resins.
- a single amount of each of the above-mentioned substances and each component (hereinafter referred to as "monomer component") is selected according to the purpose, and the respective amounts are specified and mixed with each other so as to satisfy the above range.
- a body aqueous solution is prepared.
- the monomer in addition to using the monomer as an aqueous solution, it can also be used as a mixed solution of water and a hydrophilic solvent.
- the total concentration of the monomer components is preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, still more preferably 30% by mass or more, and preferably 80% by mass, from the viewpoint of the physical properties of the water-absorbent resin. It is mass% or less, more preferably 75 mass% or less, still more preferably 70 mass% or less.
- This step is a step of polymerizing a monomer aqueous solution to obtain a hydrogel-like crosslinked polymer (hereinafter, simply referred to as “hydrogen gel”).
- a monomer containing acrylic acid (salt) as a main component and a monomer aqueous solution containing at least one polymerizable internal cross-linking agent obtained in the step of preparing the aqueous monomer solution are polymerized to contain water. This is the process of obtaining a gel.
- Polymerization initiator As the polymerization initiator used in the present invention, one or more of the polymerization initiators used in the production of ordinary water-absorbent resins are selected according to the type of monomer to be polymerized, the polymerization conditions, and the like. Can be used. Examples of the polymerization initiator include a thermal decomposition type initiator and a photodegradable type initiator.
- thermal decomposition type initiator examples include persulfates such as sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and ammonium persulfate; peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, t-butyl peroxide, and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide; azonitrile compounds and azoamidine compounds.
- persulfates such as sodium persulfate, potassium persulfate, and ammonium persulfate
- peroxides such as hydrogen peroxide, t-butyl peroxide, and methyl ethyl ketone peroxide
- azonitrile compounds and azoamidine compounds examples include azo compounds.
- photodegradable initiator examples include benzoin derivatives, benzyl derivatives, acetophenone derivatives, benzophenone derivatives, azo compounds and the like.
- persulfate is preferable in consideration of cost and ability to reduce residual monomers.
- a reducing agent that promotes the decomposition of the oxidizing polymerization initiator such as the persulfate or the peroxide can be used in combination, and the redox-based initiator can be obtained by combining the two.
- the reducing agent include (heavy) sulfite (salt) such as sodium sulfite and sodium hydrogen sulfite, reducing metals (salts) such as L-ascorbic acid (salt) and ferrous salt, amines and the like. Be done.
- the amount of the polymerization initiator used is preferably 0.001 mol% or more, more preferably 0.01 mol% or more, and preferably 1 mol% or less, based on the monomer excluding the internal cross-linking agent. It is more preferably 0.5 mol% or less, still more preferably 0.1 mol% or less.
- the amount of the reducing agent used is preferably 0.0001 mol% or more, more preferably 0.0005 mol% or more, preferably 0.02 mol% or more, based on the monomer excluding the internal cross-linking agent. % Or less, more preferably 0.015 mol% or less.
- the polymerization reaction may be started by irradiation with active energy rays such as radiation, electron beam, and ultraviolet rays. Further, irradiation with active energy rays and the polymerization initiator may be used in combination.
- polymerization form examples of the polymerization form applied to the present invention include aqueous solution polymerization, reverse phase suspension polymerization, spray polymerization, droplet polymerization, bulk polymerization, precipitation polymerization and the like. Among them, from the viewpoint of easy control of polymerization and water absorption performance of the water-absorbent resin, aqueous solution polymerization or reverse phase suspension polymerization is preferable, aqueous solution polymerization is more preferable, and continuous aqueous solution polymerization is more preferable. Reversed phase suspension polymerization is described in International Publication No. 2007/004529, International Publication No. 2012/023433 and the like.
- continuous aqueous solution polymerization can produce a water-absorbent resin with high productivity
- Preferred forms of the continuous aqueous solution polymerization include high temperature start polymerization, high concentration polymerization, foam polymerization and the like.
- the "high temperature start polymerization” means that the temperature of the aqueous monomer solution at the start of polymerization is preferably 35 ° C. or higher, more preferably 40 ° C. or higher, further preferably 45 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 50 ° C. or higher. It means a polymerization form in which the temperature is preferably equal to or lower than the boiling point of the aqueous monomer solution.
- high-concentration polymerization means that the monomer concentration at the start of polymerization is preferably 30% by mass or more, more preferably 35% by mass or more, still more preferably 40% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 45% by mass or more. It means a polymerization form in which the concentration is preferably equal to or lower than the saturation concentration of the monomer aqueous solution.
- Effervescent polymerization means a polymerization form in which the monomer aqueous solution containing a foaming agent or bubbles is polymerized. In addition, each of these polymerization forms may be carried out individually, or two or more may be carried out in combination.
- a method for dispersing bubbles in the foam polymerization a method of dispersing a gas dissolved in a monomer aqueous solution as bubbles by reducing the solubility, a method of introducing a gas from the outside and dispersing as bubbles, and a method of dispersing in a monomer aqueous solution Examples thereof include a method of adding a foaming agent to foam. Further, the dispersion method may be appropriately used in combination depending on the physical properties of the target water-absorbent resin.
- examples of the gas include oxygen, air, nitrogen, carbon dioxide, ozone, and a mixed gas of these gases.
- an inert gas such as nitrogen or carbon dioxide gas is preferably used, and nitrogen is more preferably used.
- foaming agent examples include azo compounds, organic or inorganic carbonate solutions, dispersions, and powders having a particle size of 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less.
- inorganic carbonate is preferable, and specifically, carbonates such as sodium carbonate, ammonium carbonate, and magnesium carbonate, and hydrogen carbonate can be used.
- the foamed shape can be determined by checking the holes on the surface of the water-absorbent resin, for example, the holes having a diameter of 1 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less with an electron microscope.
- the number of pores is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 10 or more, preferably 10000 or less, more preferably 1000 or less, and can be controlled by the foam polymerization. ..
- Gel crushing step This step is a step of crushing a hydrogel, which is carried out during and / or after the polymerization step. Specifically, the hydrogel may be crushed in the polymerization step, or the hydrogel may be crushed after the polymerization step. That is, this step is a step of crushing the hydrogel to obtain a particulate hydrogel (hereinafter, referred to as "particulate hydrogel"). In addition, in order to distinguish from “crushing" in the crushing step described later, this step is referred to as "gel crushing”. Further, the target of gel pulverization may include not only the hydrous gel obtained in the polymerization step, but also a recycled granulated gel described later, unless otherwise specified. Unless otherwise specified, other steps have the same meaning.
- the gel crushing refers to adjusting the hydrous gel to a predetermined size by using a screw extruder such as a kneader or a meat chopper, or a gel crusher such as a cutter mill.
- the temperature of the hot water is preferably 40 ° C. or higher, more preferably 50 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 60 ° C. or higher, and preferably 100 ° C. or lower.
- the contents described in Pamphlet No. 2011/126079 of International Publication No. 2011/126079 are preferably applied to the present invention.
- the polymerization step and the gel crushing step are carried out at the same time. Further, by undergoing the gel crushing step in the present invention, an amorphous crushed water-absorbent resin can be obtained.
- the method for producing a water-absorbent resin according to the present invention is a granulation step of mixing the removed fine powder and an aqueous liquid to obtain a granulation gel in the fine powder recycling step, and a drying step after the completion of the gel crushing step.
- the hydrogel includes a granulation gel addition step of adding the granulation gel between at least one step and / or the steps until the drying is completed.
- the particulate hydrogel obtained by crushing the gel with the following predetermined gel crushing energy also has a water absorption rate, for example, the FSR described in International Publication No. 2009/016005, in terms of the physical properties of the water-absorbent resin obtained thereafter. , JIS K 7224 (1996) "Water absorption rate test method for highly water-absorbent resin" improves the evaluation with Vortex.
- the "gel crushing energy” in the present invention refers to the unit mass required by the gel crushing device when crushing a hydrogel, that is, the mechanical energy per unit mass of the hydrogel, and heats the jacket. It does not include cooling energy or input water and steam energy.
- gel grinding energy is abbreviated as “GGE” from “Gel Grinding Energy” written in English.
- the "power factor” and “motor efficiency” are device-specific values that change depending on the operating conditions of the gel crushing device, and values of 0 or more and 1 or less are taken. These values can be known by inquiring to the device manufacturer or the like. Further, when the gel crusher is driven by single-phase AC power, GGE can calculate by changing " ⁇ 3" in the above formula (I) to "1".
- the unit of voltage is [V]
- the unit of current is [A]
- the unit of mass of the hydrogel is [g / s].
- the values at the time of gel crushing are adopted.
- the power factor and motor efficiency values during idle operation are approximately defined as in the above equation (I) because the current values during idle operation are small.
- the “mass of hydrogel charged into the gel crusher per second” [g / s] in the formula (I) means, for example, [g / s] when the hydrogel is continuously supplied by a quantitative feeder. ] Is the value converted to.
- the hydrogel may contain recycled granulated gel, as will be described later.
- the gel crushing energy (GGE) for gel crushing is preferably 100 J / g or less, more preferably 80 J / g or less, still more preferably 60 J / g or less, preferably 20 J / g or more, and more. It is preferably 25 J / g or more, more preferably 30 J / g or more.
- the total energy consumed by each device is the gel crushing energy ( GGE).
- gel crushing energy when the gel crushing energy is controlled as described above, a more excellent effect can be obtained by performing it in combination with the addition of warm water at the above temperature. Further, after normal gel crushing, gel crushing based on the gel crushing energy may be performed.
- the particle size of the particulate hydrogel granulated by the gel crushing step is preferably in the range of 0.1 mm or more and 10 mm or less from the viewpoint of easy drying and physical properties of the obtained water-absorbent resin.
- the mass average particle size (D50) of the particulate hydrogel is preferably 0.1 mm or more, more preferably 0.15 mm or more, still more preferably 0.20 mm or more, and particularly preferably 0.25 mm or more. Is 5 mm or less, more preferably 2 mm or less, still more preferably 1 mm or less, and particularly preferably 0.80 mm or less. If the mass average particle size (D50) of the particulate hydrogel is out of the above range, drying may not be sufficiently performed.
- the mass average particle size of the hydrogel used in the drying step is preferably within the above range, and more preferably both the particle size and the mass average particle size are satisfied.
- the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) indicating the narrowness of the particle size distribution is preferably 0.2 or more, preferably 1.5 or less, more preferably 1.3 or less. More preferably, it is 1.2 or less.
- the smaller the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the particle size distribution the more uniform the particle size, and there is an advantage that the particles can be dried evenly.
- special operations such as particle size control during polymerization before gel pulverization and classification of particulate hydrogel after gel pulverization are required. Therefore, it is practically difficult to implement from the viewpoint of productivity and cost.
- the gel pulverization method described in International Publication No. 2011/126079 pamphlet it is preferable to use the gel pulverization method described in International Publication No. 2011/126079 pamphlet. Further, the gel pulverization method may be combined with the foam polymerization described above.
- the water content of the particulate hydrogel is preferably 30% by mass or more, more preferably 45% by mass or more, preferably 70% by mass or less, more preferably 55. It is mass% or less.
- This step is a step of drying the gel-crushed hydrous gel. Specifically, when the particulate hydrogel or the granulation gel is added, the granulation gel and the particles This is a step of drying both of the hydrogels to a desired solid content to obtain a dry polymer.
- the solid content that is, the value obtained by subtracting the water content from the gel 100% by mass is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 85% by mass or more, still more preferably 90% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 92% by mass or more. It is preferably 99% by mass or less, more preferably 98% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 97% by mass or less.
- drying is completed means a state in which the solid content reaches 80% by mass.
- the dried polymer is in the form of a block, and the water content may be different at the top, bottom, center / edge of the block.
- the dried polymer may be appropriately obtained from various positions, crushed if necessary, and then the water content may be measured and averaged.
- a dried polymer having a solid content lower than the predetermined solid content may be referred to as a undried product.
- the "particulate matter" or “particulate hydrogel” in the drying step may include both a particulate hydrogel and a granulated gel.
- the drying step of the present invention is a more effective condition particularly when both a particulate hydrogel and a granulated gel are included.
- the hydrogel and its treated product may include a granulated gel and its treated product.
- the drying method in the drying step is, for example, heat drying, hot air drying, vacuum drying, fluidized layer drying, infrared drying, microwave drying, drying by co-boiling dehydration with a hydrophobic organic solvent, and high humidity drying using high temperature steam. , Stirring drying and the like.
- these drying methods can be adopted by either a continuous method or a batch method, the continuous method is more preferable from the viewpoint of production efficiency.
- stirring drying and hot air drying are particularly preferable.
- the stirring and drying is preferably performed by a stirring and drying machine such as a paddle dryer or a rotary drum type dryer.
- the hot air drying is preferably performed by a ventilation band type dryer that performs hot air drying on a ventilation belt. By using a ventilation band type dryer, efficient drying can be performed while preventing physical damage to the object to be dried such as a dried polymer and particulate hydrogel during drying and generation of fine powder due to friction.
- the drying temperature in the case of hot air drying is preferably 120 ° C. or higher, more preferably 130 ° C. or higher, further preferably 150 ° C. or higher, and preferably 250 ° C. or lower, in consideration of drying efficiency. It is more preferably 230 ° C. or lower, still more preferably 200 ° C. or lower.
- the drying time is preferably 10 minutes or more, more preferably 20 minutes or more, still more preferably 30 minutes or more, preferably 2 hours or less, more preferably 1.5 hours or less, still more preferably 1 hour or less. Is.
- drying conditions may be appropriately set according to the water content, total mass, and target solid content of the particulate hydrogel or granulated gel to be dried.
- the conditions described in the 2006/100300 pamphlet, the 2011/025012 pamphlet, the 2011/0250513 pamphlet, the 2011/111657 pamphlet, and the like are appropriately applied.
- the dryer used in the present invention may be either a continuous type or a batch type, but from the viewpoint of production efficiency, a continuous type ventilation band dryer is more preferable.
- the object to be dried is dried by the continuous ventilation band type dryer, the object to be dried is continuously supplied so as to be layered (hereinafter referred to as "gel layer") on the band of the band dryer. , Hot air dried.
- the width of the band of this dryer is preferably 0.5 m or more, more preferably 1 m or more, preferably 10 m or less, and more preferably 5 m or less.
- the length of the band is preferably 20 m or more, more preferably 40 m or more, preferably 100 m or less, and more preferably 50 m or less.
- the moving speed of the object to be dried on the band may be appropriately set according to the belt width, belt length, production amount, drying time, etc., but is preferably 0. 3 m / min or more, more preferably 0.5 m / min or more, still more preferably 0.7 m / min or more, preferably 5 m / min or less, more preferably 2.5 m / min or less, still more preferably 2 m / min. Minutes or less, particularly preferably 1.5 m / min or less.
- the average thickness of the gel layer of the object to be dried sprayed on the ventilation band type dryer is preferably 3 cm or more, more preferably 5 cm or more, still more preferably 8 cm or more, preferably 30 cm or less, more preferably. It is 20 cm or less, more preferably 15 cm or less. In order to efficiently achieve the solid content under the above conditions, it is desirable that the thickness of the gel layer is within the above range. On the other hand, if the gel layer becomes too thick, undried substances tend to remain or uneven drying tends to occur. Therefore, the proportion of the dried polymer that does not satisfy the preferable solid content even if the predetermined drying step is performed increases. There is.
- the crushing step is a step of crushing the polymer after drying
- the classification step is a step of removing fine powder from the crushed polymer. Specifically, it is a step of pulverizing the dried polymer obtained through the drying step in a pulverization step and adjusting the particle size to a desired range in a classification step to obtain a water-absorbent resin. By going through the pulverization step after drying, an amorphous crushed water-absorbent resin can be obtained.
- Examples of the crusher used in the crushing step include a high-speed rotary crusher such as a roll mill, a hammer mill, a screw mill, and a pin mill, a vibration mill, a knuckle type crusher, and a cylindrical mixer.
- a roll mill is preferably selected from the viewpoint of pulverization efficiency. Further, a plurality of these crushers can be used in combination.
- Examples of the method for adjusting the particle size in the classification step include sieve classification using a JIS standard sieve (JIS Z8801-1 (2000)), air flow classification, and the like. Above all, sieving classification is preferably selected from the viewpoint of classification efficiency. From the viewpoint of ease of crushing, a classification step may be additionally performed before the crushing step.
- the mass average particle diameter (D50) is preferably 250 ⁇ m or more and 600 ⁇ m or less, and the proportion of particles of 300 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m is preferably 50 mass% or more and less than 150 ⁇ m.
- the ratio is 5% by mass or less.
- the upper limit of the mass average particle size (D50) is preferably 550 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 500 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 450 ⁇ m or less.
- the proportion of particles of 300 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m is more preferably 55% by mass or more, further preferably 60% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 65% by mass or more.
- the proportion of particles less than 150 ⁇ m is preferably 4% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, and further preferably 2% by mass or less.
- the proportion of particles exceeding 710 ⁇ m is preferably 3% by mass or less, more preferably 2% by mass or less, and further preferably 1% by mass or less.
- the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) indicating the narrowness of the particle size distribution is preferably 0.20 or more, more preferably 0.25 or more, still more preferably 0.27 or more, and preferably 0.50 or less. It is more preferably 0.40 or less, still more preferably 0.35 or less.
- the logarithmic standard deviation ( ⁇ ) of the particle size distribution has the advantage that the smaller the value, the more uniform the particle size and the less segregation of the particles.
- the mass average particle size (D50) and the proportion of particles less than 150 ⁇ m are satisfied, and more preferably, the mass average particle diameter (D50), the proportion of particles less than 150 ⁇ m, and the proportion of particles larger than 710 ⁇ m. Satisfying the proportions, more preferably the mass average particle size (D50), the proportion of particles less than 150 ⁇ m, the proportion of particles greater than 710 ⁇ m, and the logarithmic standard deviation, within each of the above ranges. It can be combined as appropriate.
- the above-mentioned particle size is also applied to the water-absorbent resin after the pulverization step and the classification step. Therefore, when surface cross-linking is performed, it is preferable that the surface cross-linking treatment is performed in the surface cross-linking step so as to maintain the particle size in the above range adjusted with the water-absorbent resin before the surface cross-linking, and the granules are sized after the surface cross-linking step. It is more preferable to provide a step to adjust the particle size. It is preferable that the water-absorbent resin that does not pass through the sieve having an opening of 710 ⁇ m in the classification step is returned to the pulverization step and pulverized again in the pulverization step. Further, the water-absorbent resin that has passed through a sieve having an opening of 150 ⁇ m in the classification step is preferably treated in the fine powder recycling step described later.
- This step is a step of providing a portion having a higher cross-linking density on the surface layer of the water-absorbent resin before surface cross-linking obtained through each of the above-mentioned steps as necessary, and is a mixing step. , Heat treatment process, cooling process, etc. are included.
- radical cross-linking, surface polymerization, a cross-linking reaction with a surface cross-linking agent and the like occur on the surface of the water-absorbent resin before surface cross-linking to obtain a surface-crosslinked water-absorbent resin.
- a surface cross-linking agent is used at the time of surface cross-linking.
- the surface cross-linking agent include the surface cross-linking agent described in US Pat. No. 7,183,456. From these surface cross-linking agents, at least one kind of surface cross-linking agent is selected in consideration of reactivity and the like. Further, from the viewpoint of the handleability of the surface cross-linking agent, the water-absorbing performance of the water-absorbent resin, and the like, preferably, a surface cross-linking agent having two or more functional groups that react with a carboxyl group, and an organic compound in which a covalent bond is formed is formed. Be selected.
- the surface cross-linking agent examples include ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2.
- the amount of the surface cross-linking agent By setting the amount of the surface cross-linking agent to be within the above range, an optimum cross-linked structure can be formed on the surface layer of the water-absorbent resin before surface cross-linking, and a high-quality water-absorbent resin can be obtained.
- the surface cross-linking agent is preferably added as an aqueous solution to the water-absorbent resin before surface cross-linking.
- the amount of water used is preferably 0.1 part by mass or more, more preferably 0.3 part by mass or more, and further preferably 0.5 part by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water-absorbent resin before surface cross-linking.
- the above is preferably 20 parts by mass or less, more preferably 15 parts by mass or less, and further preferably 10 parts by mass or less.
- a hydrophilic organic solvent can be used in combination with the water as needed to prepare the surface cross-linking agent solution.
- the amount of the hydrophilic organic solvent used is preferably 5 parts by mass or less, more preferably 3 parts by mass or less, and further preferably 1 part by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water-absorbent resin before surface cross-linking. ..
- Specific examples of the hydrophilic organic solvent include lower alcohols such as methyl alcohol; ketones such as acetone; ethers such as dioxane; amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide; sulfoxides such as dimethyl sulfoxide. ; Polyhydric alcohols such as ethylene glycol can be mentioned.
- the use of these hydrophilic organic solvents is preferably limited to as little as possible.
- additives and their addition steps are added to the surface cross-linking agent solution within a range of 5 parts by mass or less, or are added separately in the mixing step. You can also do it.
- a surface cross-linking agent solution is prepared in advance, and the solution is preferably sprayed or dropped onto the water-absorbent resin before surface cross-linking. More preferably, a method of spraying and mixing is selected.
- the mixing device for mixing has the torque required to uniformly and surely mix the water-absorbent resin before the surface cross-linking and the surface cross-linking agent.
- the mixing device is preferably a high-speed stirring type mixer, and more preferably a high-speed stirring type continuous mixer.
- the rotation speed of the high-speed stirring type mixer is preferably 100 rpm or more, more preferably 300 rpm or more, preferably 10000 rpm or less, and more preferably 2000 rpm or less.
- the temperature of the water-absorbent resin before surface cross-linking supplied to this step is preferably 35 ° C. or higher, preferably 80 ° C. or lower, from the viewpoint of mixability with the surface cross-linking agent solution and cohesiveness of the humidified mixture. It is more preferably 70 ° C. or lower, still more preferably 60 ° C. or lower.
- the mixing time is preferably 1 second or longer, more preferably 5 seconds or longer, preferably 1 hour or shorter, and more preferably 10 minutes or shorter.
- Heat Treatment Step is a step of applying heat to the humidified mixture obtained in the mixing step to cause a cross-linking reaction on the surface of the water-absorbent resin before surface cross-linking.
- the humidified mixture may be heated in a stationary state or may be heated in a fluid state by using a power such as stirring, but the humidified mixture can be uniformly heated in that the whole humidified mixture can be heated evenly. It is preferable to heat underneath.
- the heat treatment apparatus that performs the heat treatment includes a paddle dryer, a multi-fin processor, a tower dryer, and the like.
- the heating temperature in this step is preferably 100 ° C. or higher, more preferably 150 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 170 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably 170 ° C. or higher, from the viewpoint of the type and amount of the surface cross-linking agent and the water absorption performance of the water-absorbent resin. It is 180 ° C. or higher, preferably 250 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 230 ° C. or lower.
- the heating time is preferably at least 5 minutes, more preferably at least 7 minutes. By controlling the heating temperature and the heating time within the above range, the water absorption performance of the obtained water-absorbent resin is improved, which is preferable.
- Cooling Step This step is an arbitrary step provided as needed after the heat treatment step. This step is a step of forcibly cooling the high-temperature water-absorbent resin that has completed the heat treatment step to a predetermined temperature to promptly terminate the surface cross-linking reaction.
- the water-absorbent resin may be cooled in a stationary state or in a fluid state using power such as stirring, but the entire water-absorbent resin can be cooled evenly under stirring. It is preferable to cool it.
- the cooling device for cooling includes a paddle dryer, a multi-fin processor, a tower dryer and the like. It should be noted that these cooling devices may have the same specifications as the heat treatment devices used in the heat treatment step. This is because it can be used as a cooling device by changing the heat medium of the heat treatment device to a refrigerant.
- the cooling temperature in this step may be appropriately set according to the heating temperature in the heat treatment step, the water absorption performance of the water-absorbent resin, and the like, preferably 40 ° C. or higher, more preferably 50 ° C. or higher, and preferably 100 ° C. Below, it is more preferably 90 ° C. or lower, still more preferably 70 ° C. or lower.
- additives are added to the water-absorbent resin.
- Surface modifiers is an additive added for the purpose of modifying the particle surface of a water-absorbent resin. Specifically, it is an agent for improving liquid permeability and under moisture absorption. Examples thereof include anti-caking agents, powder flow control agents, and binders of water-absorbent resins.
- At least one compound selected from the group consisting of polyvalent metal salts, cationic polymers, and inorganic fine particles can be used, and two or more of them may be used in combination as necessary. it can.
- the amount of the surface modifier added is appropriately set according to the selected compound.
- the step of adding the surface modifier is preferably carried out after the polymerization step, more preferably after the drying step, and further preferably after the surface cross-linking step for the purpose of modifying the particle surface of the water-absorbent resin. Further, the addition of the surface modifier can be performed in any one or more steps.
- the polyvalent metal cation of the polyvalent metal salt is preferably divalent or higher, more preferably divalent or higher, preferably tetravalent or lower, and further preferably trivalent or tetravalent.
- examples of polyvalent metals that can be used include aluminum and zirconium. Therefore, examples of the polyvalent metal salt that can be used in this step include aluminum lactate, zirconium lactate, aluminum sulfate, and zirconium sulfate. Of these, aluminum lactate or aluminum sulfate is more preferable, and aluminum sulfate is even more preferable, from the viewpoint of improving the saline flow inducibility (SFC).
- the amount of the polyvalent metal salt added is preferably 0 mol or more, preferably less than 3.6 ⁇ 10-5 mol, and more preferably 1.4 ⁇ 10-5 with respect to 1 g of the water-absorbent resin. Less than a mole, more preferably less than 1.0 ⁇ 10-5 moles.
- sodium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium hydrogen carbonate, sodium acetate, sodium lactate and the like are further added. It may contain a monovalent metal compound.
- cationic polymer When a cationic polymer is used, examples of the cationic polymer include substances described in US Pat. No. 7,098284. Of these, vinylamine polymers are more preferable from the viewpoint of improving liquid permeability.
- the mass average molecular weight of the cationic polymer is preferably 5000 or more and 1,000,000 or less.
- the cationic polymer is preferably 0 parts by mass or more, preferably less than 2.5 parts by mass, more preferably less than 2.0 parts by mass, and further preferably 1. It may be added so as to be less than 0 parts by mass.
- inorganic fine particles When inorganic fine particles are used, examples of the inorganic fine particles include substances described in US Pat. No. 7,638,570. Of these, silicon dioxide is preferable from the viewpoint of improving liquid permeability. Further, hydrotalcite, calcium phosphate, and aluminum hydroxide are preferable as the inorganic fine particles from the viewpoint of the balance between the absorption ratio under pressure and the hygroscopic fluidity.
- the inorganic fine particles are preferably 0 parts by mass or more, preferably less than 1.2 parts by mass, and more preferably 1.0 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water-absorbent resin. It may be added so as to be less than parts by mass, more preferably less than 0.5 parts by mass.
- the inorganic fine particles are preferably 0 parts by mass or more, preferably less than 2.0 parts by mass, and more preferably 1 with respect to 100 parts by mass of the water-absorbent resin. It may be added so as to be less than 5.5 parts by mass, more preferably less than 1.0 parts by mass.
- Addition of at least one compound selected from the polyvalent metal salt, the cationic polymer, and the inorganic fine particles to the water-absorbent resin may cause a decrease in the absorption ratio under pressure of the water-absorbent resin.
- One object of the present invention is to improve the absorption ratio under pressure of the water-absorbent resin for the second and subsequent urination, and from this viewpoint, the amount of the compound added is limited.
- the absorption ratio under pressure of the water-absorbent resin to which the compound is not added is a (g / g)
- the absorption ratio under pressure of the water-absorbent resin to which the compound is added is b (g / g).
- the addition amount having a difference "ab" (g / g) of 0.30 g / g or less is preferable, and the addition amount of 0.10 g / g or less is more preferable, and the addition amount is 0.05 g / g or less.
- the addition amount is more preferable, and the addition amount of 0.00 g / g is particularly preferable.
- additives include chelating agents, reducing agents, hydroxycarboxylic acid compounds, surfactants, compounds having a phosphorus atom, oxidizing agents, organic powders such as metal soaps, and erasing agents. Examples thereof include odorants, antibacterial agents, pulps and thermoplastic fibers, terpene-based aromatic compounds, phenol-based aromatic compounds and other aromatic substances, and one or two or more of these can be used.
- a chelating agent is preferable, and an amino polyvalent carboxylic acid or an amino polyvalent phosphoric acid is preferable.
- JP-A-2013-213083 JP-A-59-10548, JP-A-60-158861, JP-A-11-24130, JP-A-2-41155, and the like. ..
- the absorption ratio under pressure of the water-absorbent resin is lowered, as in the case of the polyvalent metal salt, the cationic polymer and the inorganic fine particles described above. In some cases. Therefore, the amount of other additives added is also limited. The addition amount is also the same as the addition amount of at least one compound selected from the polyvalent metal salt, the cationic polymer and the inorganic fine particles described above, and the water-absorbent resin to which the other additives are not added is absorbed under pressure.
- the difference "ab" (g / g) is 0.
- the addition amount of .30 g / g or less is preferable, the addition amount of 0.10 g / g or less is more preferable, the addition amount of 0.05 g / g or less is further preferable, and the addition amount of 0.00 g / g is more preferable.
- the other additives are preferably added or contained in a range of 0 parts by mass or more and 1 part by mass or less with respect to the monomer or the water-absorbent resin.
- the additive is used before or after each of the above-mentioned steps, that is, before and after at least one step selected from a monomer aqueous solution preparation step, a polymerization step, a gel crushing step, a drying step, a crushing step, a classification step, and a surface cross-linking step. It can be added in the middle of the process. Preferably, it is added before or after any step after the polymerization step, or in the middle of the step.
- Additive Addition Step When an additive is added to a water-absorbent resin, if the additive is a liquid or a solution of an aqueous medium such as water, the liquid or solution is applied to the water-absorbent resin. It is preferable that the water-absorbent resin and the additive are uniformly and surely mixed by spraying and applying sufficient torque. On the other hand, when the additive is a solid such as powder, it may be dry-blended with a water-absorbent resin, or an aqueous liquid such as water may be used as a binder.
- the apparatus used for the mixing includes a stirring type mixer, a cylindrical type mixer, a double-walled conical type mixer, a V-shaped mixer, a ribbon type mixer, a screw type mixer, and a flow type.
- a stirring type mixer examples thereof include a rotary desk type mixer, an air flow type mixer, a double arm type kneader, an internal mixer, a crushing type kneader, a rotary mixer, and a screw type extruder.
- its rotation speed is preferably 5 rpm or more, more preferably 10 rpm or more, preferably 10000 rpm or less, and more preferably 2000 rpm or less.
- a sizing step can be carried out as needed in addition to the above-mentioned steps.
- the sizing step is a step of adjusting the water-absorbent resin obtained through the surface-crosslinking step to a particle size within a desired range to obtain a water-absorbent resin that can be shipped as a final product.
- the operation described later after the surface cross-linking step is referred to as a crushing step and a classification step.
- the particle size preparation method in the sizing step the same preparation method as in the classification step can be adopted.
- the water-absorbent resin aggregates in the surface cross-linking step or the addition step of the surface modifier crushing, for example, light crushing may be performed.
- the particle size distribution after the particle size adjustment can be appropriately adjusted according to the application, and the classification step and the degree of identification are preferable. Therefore, classification by a sieve or the like may be performed so as to satisfy the desired mass average particle size (D50), the ratio of the mass average particle size (D50), the logarithmic standard deviation, and the like.
- fine Powder recycling step is a step of recycling the fine powder removed in the classification step before the drying of the drying step is completed. More specifically, the fine powder obtained in the water-absorbent resin manufacturing step is recycled before the manufacturing step, preferably the drying step, to manufacture the water-absorbent resin.
- Examples of the steps prior to the drying step include a step of preparing a monomer aqueous solution, a step of crushing a hydrous gel into a gel, and a step of drying a finely divided gel.
- the fine powder When the fine powder is recycled in the step of preparing the monomer aqueous solution, the fine powder may be added to the monomer aqueous solution to form a slurry, and then the desired polymerization reaction may be started. Further, instead of the fine powder, a granulation gel described later may be added to the aqueous monomer solution and then the desired polymerization reaction may be started.
- the hydrogel When recycling fine powder in the process of gel crushing a hydrogel, the hydrogel may be supplied to a desired gel crusher at the same time as the fine powder, and the hydrogel and the fine powder may be integrated at the time of discharge.
- the recycled fine powder is preferably the fine powder removed in the classification step, more preferably the classification step, the sizing step, and the like. It is not necessary to recycle to the manufacturing process of the water-absorbent resin that is exactly the same as the manufacturing process of the water-absorbent resin from which the fine powder was obtained, and to another manufacturing process of the water-absorbent resin that is different to the extent that the gist of the present invention is not impaired. It may be recycled. For example, the fine powder generated in one production line may be recycled to the adjacent production line, or the polymerization conditions and the like may be changed from the removal of the fine powder in the same production line to the recycling.
- Granulation Step This step is a step of mixing the removed fine powder and an aqueous liquid to obtain a granulation gel.
- a granulation gel is a gel in which a plurality of individual particles are aggregated and aggregated or fused into a large particle form when observed with an optical microscope, and is preferably strong enough not to be damaged by a classification operation or a transport operation. It is a gel to have.
- the fine powders removed in the classification step are preferably targeted.
- An aqueous solution is added to the mixture to granulate.
- the mixing ratio (mass ratio) of the fine powder removed from the classification step and the fine powder removed from the sizing step is preferably 99: 1 to 50:50, more preferably 98: 2 to 60:40, and further preferably 95. : 5 to 70:30.
- the fine powder removed in the granulation step undergoes a surface cross-linking step, and in some cases, a surface cross-linking step and a surface modifier addition step described in the above-mentioned "surface modifier”, and thus undergoes a granulation step.
- a surface cross-linking step and a surface modifier addition step described in the above-mentioned "surface modifier” undergoes a granulation step.
- the cohesiveness of the granulated gel is reduced, which is advantageous.
- fine powder removed by a bag filter or the like in each manufacturing process may be used for granulation, and fine powder obtained by removing in separate steps or another manufacturing process (another manufacturing process) may be used. It is also possible to mix and use the fine powder obtained by removing it in the manufacturing apparatus).
- the fine powder may have the same composition as the hydrous gel to be dried together, or may have a different composition, but it is preferable to use fine powder having the same composition derived from the hydrous gel to be dried together.
- the size of the fine powder used for granulation is preferably smaller than the size of the final product of the water-absorbent resin.
- the upper limit of the mass average particle size (D50) defined by JIS standard sieve classification is preferably 150 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 106 ⁇ m or less.
- the lower limit of the mass average particle size (D50) of the fine powder is preferably 38 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 45 ⁇ m or more.
- the particles having a particle size of less than 150 ⁇ m defined by JIS standard sieve classification are preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 70% by mass or more, still more preferably 90% by mass or more, and preferably 100. It is desirable to contain less than mass%.
- the shape of the fine powder is preferably an amorphous shape obtained by aqueous solution polymerization rather than a spherical shape obtained by reverse phase suspension polymerization from the viewpoint of granulation strength.
- the fine powder may be fine powder removed after the surface cross-linking step generally performed in the production of the water-absorbent resin, or may be fine powder removed before the surface cross-linking step. It may be a mixture thereof.
- An aqueous liquid is added to the fine powder, preferably a mixture of the fine powder in a predetermined ratio, to obtain a granulated gel.
- the granulation gel uses fine powder having various particle sizes obtained from the single step or a plurality of steps.
- the temperature of the fine powder when mixed with the aqueous liquid is preferably 40 ° C. or higher, more preferably 50 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 60 ° C. or higher, preferably 120 ° C. or lower, more preferably 100 ° C. or lower, still more preferably. Is 90 ° C. or lower.
- the temperature of the fine powder can be appropriately adjusted by heating from the outside with hot air or the like, keeping the heat after heating in the drying step, or cooling by blowing air at room temperature, if necessary.
- the fine powder is heated or kept warm in a container having a heating means such as a steam trace.
- aqueous liquid used for mixing with fine powder
- lower alcohols such as water, methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, n-propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, n-butyl alcohol, isobutyl alcohol, and t-butyl alcohol
- ketones such as acetone
- ethers such as dioxane and tetrahydrofuran
- amides such as N, N-dimethylformamide
- aqueous solutions containing sulfoxides such as dimethylsulfoxide.
- the aqueous liquid is preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 99% by mass or more, and preferably 100% by mass or less of water, and only water. It is particularly preferable to consist of.
- the aqueous liquid contains a small amount of other additives such as a cross-linking agent, a chelating agent, a surfactant, a polymerization initiator, an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent, and a hydrophilic polymer, as long as the effects of the present invention are not impaired. It can also be contained.
- One type or two or more types of additives may be added, and there is no difference when two or more types are added.
- the aqueous liquid to which the polymerization initiator and the reducing agent described in the polymerization step are added the residual monomers of the granulation gel and the hydrogel can be reduced.
- the preferred polymerization initiator is persulfate, and the preferred reducing agent is (heavy) sulfite (salt).
- the preferred oxidizing agent is at least one oxidizing agent selected from chlorite, hypochlorite and peroxide, and more preferably hydrogen peroxide.
- the granulation gel can contain the surfactant, and the aggregation of the granulation gels can be effectively suppressed.
- the surfactant include anionic surfactants, nonionic surfactants, cationic surfactants, and amphoteric surfactants.
- an aqueous liquid to which a cross-linking agent or a hydrophilic polymer is added the cohesive strength of the granulated gel can be increased and remicronization in a subsequent step can be suppressed.
- the cross-linking agent is selected from the above-mentioned internal cross-linking agent and surface cross-linking agent
- the hydrophilic polymer is selected from the above-mentioned hydrophilic polymer added to the aqueous monomer solution.
- the fine powder contains the above-mentioned additives such as a cross-linking agent, a chelating agent, a surfactant, a polymerization initiator, an oxidizing agent, and a reducing agent
- additives such as a cross-linking agent, a chelating agent, a surfactant, a polymerization initiator, an oxidizing agent, and a reducing agent
- the fine powder contains a chelating agent, a surfactant, an oxidizing agent, a reducing agent and the like described in the section of the step of adding the additive.
- the temperature of the aqueous liquid is preferably 40 ° C. or higher, more preferably 50 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 60 ° C. or higher, particularly preferably 70 ° C. or higher, preferably lower than the boiling point of the aqueous liquid, more preferably 100 ° C. or lower.
- the boiling point of the aqueous liquid can be adjusted by adding salts or solvents, pressure such as depressurization or pressurization, or the like.
- water vapor and an aqueous liquid at room temperature may be added at the same time to substantially bring the temperature to the above level.
- the amount of the aqueous liquid added is preferably less than 100 parts by mass, more preferably 80 parts by mass or less, still more preferably 50 parts by mass or less, and preferably 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass (as is) of the fine powder. As mentioned above, it is more preferably 15 parts by mass or more, and further preferably 20 parts by mass or more.
- the amount of the aqueous liquid added is 100 parts by mass or more, the load applied to drying becomes large.
- the amount of the aqueous liquid added is less than 10 parts by mass, the granulation strength may be insufficient, and the fine powder may be mixed unevenly, so that the granulated product is easily damaged.
- the mixing device used for mixing the aqueous liquid and the fine powder is not particularly limited.
- a mechanical stirring type mixer is preferable.
- Specific examples thereof include a tarbu riser (manufactured by Hosokawa Micron), a ladyge mixer (manufactured by Ladyge), and a mortar mixer (manufactured by West Japan Testing Machine Co., Ltd.).
- a batch type mixer or a continuous type mixer may be used for mixing.
- the heated aqueous liquid and the heated fine powder are mixed by the mixing device.
- the inside of the mixing device specifically, the wall surface of the mixing device and / or the stirring means such as the stirring blade is heated.
- such an effect can be obtained even if none of the fine powder, the aqueous liquid, and the mixing device is heated, but preferably at least one, more preferably two, and even more preferably all are predetermined. By being heated to a temperature, a better effect can be obtained.
- the heating temperature in the mixing device at the time of mixing, preferably the inner wall surface of the mixing device, and / or the stirring means is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 55 ° C. or higher, still more preferably 60 ° C. or higher, and particularly preferably 65 ° C. or higher. ° C. or higher, most preferably 70 ° C. or higher, preferably 120 ° C. or lower, more preferably 100 ° C. or lower, still more preferably 90 ° C. or lower.
- the temperature in the mixing device can be, for example, supplied with a heated gas, or appropriately adjusted by conduction electric heating or the like.
- the fine powder and the aqueous liquid when the fine powder and the aqueous liquid are mixed, it is preferable to granulate by high-speed mixing. Since the formation of a huge gel-like substance can be suppressed by high-speed mixing, the huge mixing force required when a huge gel-like substance is formed becomes unnecessary, and the gel-like mass is mainly in a kneaded state. It is possible to avoid the problem that the water-absorbent resin is deteriorated as a result of the breakage and entanglement of the chains.
- the high-speed mixing means that the time from the contact point of the raw material fine powder and the aqueous liquid in the mixing device to the formation of the granulated gel is short. That is, it means that the time from when the raw material is put into the mixing device until the granulated gel is taken out is short.
- the mixing time is preferably 3 minutes or less, more preferably 1 minute or less, preferably 1 second or longer, and more preferably 5 seconds or longer. If the mixing time is long, it becomes difficult to uniformly mix the aqueous liquid and the fine powder, and a huge gel-like substance that is integrated tends to be formed. Further, if the mixing time is long, the performance of the water-absorbent resin may be deteriorated, such as an increase in the water-soluble content of the obtained water-absorbent resin and a decrease in the absorption ratio under pressure.
- the raw materials As a means for achieving high-speed mixing, it is desirable to put the raw materials into the mixing device in a short time. If one or both of the raw materials are added for a long time, such as by gradually adding the aqueous liquid by spraying or dropping, the mixing time becomes long, so that the fine powder becomes a large agglomerate. Or, the water-absorbent resin may deteriorate due to kneading for a long time.
- the fine powder and the aqueous liquid may be added to the mixing device at the same time or at different timings after one is added to the mixing device.
- the time from the start to the end of charging of both raw materials when they are charged at the same time, or later when they are charged at different timings is preferably 60 seconds or less, more preferably 30 seconds or less, still more preferably 10. Less than or equal to a second.
- the paddle rotation speed is preferably 100 rpm or more, more preferably 200 rpm or more, still more preferably 300 rpm or more, preferably 5000 rpm or less, more preferably 4000 rpm or less, still more preferably 3000 rpm or less.
- the direction of the paddle rotation axis is not limited, the vertical direction is preferable because of the ease of discharging the granulated gel.
- the number of paddle rotation shafts is not limited, one or two shafts are preferable and one shaft is more preferable from the viewpoint of ease of maintenance.
- a material having a contact angle with water of 90 degrees or more for the inner wall of the mixer in order to prevent adhesion.
- a preferred material is a fluororesin such as Teflon®.
- Teflon® a fluororesin such as Teflon®.
- a material having a contact angle with water of less than 90 degrees may be intentionally used for the inner wall near the paddle.
- a preferred material from the viewpoint of durability is stainless steel.
- each manufacturing process of the water-absorbent resin is connected. Although not all of the connections of each step require a transport step, for example, a step of transporting the granulated gel obtained in the granulation step to a predetermined addition position when recycling can be included.
- the granulation gel is transported in a continuous or batch manner, preferably in a continuous manner.
- the transport machine used in the transport process include a bucket conveyor, a belt conveyor, a screw conveyor, a chain conveyor, a vibration conveyor, a pneumatic conveyor, and the like, and a bucket conveyor is preferable.
- the granulated gel to be transported is kept heated and / or kept warm from the outside of the transport machine, and the temperature of the granulated gel is maintained at the high temperature even during the transportation.
- Such heating and / or heat retention can be achieved by providing means for heating the inner wall surface of the transport aircraft from the outside and / or heat retention.
- the temperature of the produced granulated gel is preferably maintained, and more preferably heated and / or kept at the same temperature as the temperature of the hydrogel to be mixed.
- the distance from the mixing device to the mixing position with the hydrogel is preferably within 10 m, more preferably within 5 m, and even more preferably within 3 m.
- the pipe through which the granulation gel passes is preferably heated and / or kept warm for the same reason as that of the transport aircraft.
- the granulated gel obtained in the granulation step is mixed with the hydrogel in a state of being heated to a predetermined temperature as soon as possible.
- the time from the start of mixing the fine powder and the aqueous liquid in the granulation step to the addition of the obtained granulation gel to the hydrogel in the readdition step is preferably within 5 minutes. It is more preferably within 3 minutes, and even more preferably within 1 minute.
- the granulation is performed between the granulation step and the re-addition step, that is, in the transportation step until the granulated gel after granulation is added to the hydrogel.
- the dew point of the atmosphere of the granulated gel is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 55 ° C. or higher, further preferably 60 ° C. or higher, preferably 99 ° C. or lower, more preferably 95 ° C. or lower, still more preferably 90 ° C. or lower.
- the dew point of the atmosphere of the granulated gel is preferably 50 ° C. or higher, more preferably 55 ° C. or higher, further preferably 60 ° C. or higher, preferably 99 ° C. or lower, more preferably 95 ° C. or lower, still more preferably 90 ° C. or lower.
- the dew point of the atmosphere in the granulation step and / or the re-addition step in the above range in addition to the transportation step, and specifically, the fine powder in the granulation step. It is preferable to control the atmosphere in the apparatus when the aqueous solution is mixed and the atmosphere in the apparatus when the granulation gel is added to the hydrogel within the above range.
- the "atmospheric dew point" is the dew point of air existing in the atmosphere.
- the dew point of the atmosphere can be adjusted to the above range by, for example, blowing water vapor or controlling the circulation rate of hot air.
- a hydrogel is formed in at least one step from the polymerization step to the drying step and / or between steps until the drying is completed in the drying step.
- This is a step of adding grain gel. Specifically, it comprises during the polymerization step, after the polymerization step and before the gel crushing step, during the gel crushing step, after the gel crushing step and before the drying step, and during the drying step. It is preferable to add the granulation gel to the hydrogel in at least one step selected from the group. Since a hydrogel can be obtained even during the polymerization step, a granulation gel may be added during the polymerization step.
- the granulation gel may be added to the hydrous gel and supplied to the gel crusher.
- the polymer having a solid content of less than 80% by mass can usually be regarded as a hydrogel. That is, since the hydrous gel exists until the middle of the drying step, the granulating gel may be added during the drying step.
- the granulation gel is added to the hydrous gel preferably after the gel crushing step and before the drying step, or during the drying step, more preferably after the gel crushing step and before the drying step.
- the difference in particle size between the two is small, so that the gel is easy to mix and the drying is unlikely to be non-uniform.
- the hydrous gel becomes a granulated shape, so that uneven drying can be further suppressed.
- the terms "before process” and "after process” include all processes before or after the process. That is, including all the steps before or after the step means that the granulation gel may be added in any step such as a transportation step and a storage step between steps.
- after the gel crushing step includes during transportation from the gel crushing step to the next step and the next step.
- the solid content of the granulation gel is 50% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less. The description of the solid content of the granulation gel will be described later.
- the granulation gel is added to the hydrogel.
- the temperature of the granulated gel and the temperature of the hydrous gel at that time are both within the range of 50 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower, preferably 55 ° C. or higher, more preferably 60 ° C. or higher, and are preferable. Is 95 ° C. or lower, more preferably 90 ° C. or lower. Within such a temperature range, a good mixed state of both can be obtained.
- the temperature of the granulation gel or the hydrogel is lower than 50 ° C., the granulation gel may become hard as described above, or agglomerates may be formed when the hydrogel and the granulation gel are mixed.
- the hydrogels and granulation gels further adhere to each other to form larger agglomerates, resulting in a poor mixed state. Further, even if they can be mixed, if agglomerates are present at the time of drying, poor drying, that is, undried substances are likely to occur. Further, when the agglomerates are continuously heated and dried until the desired water content is reached, the other granulated gels and water-containing gels that have already been dried are in an overdried state, and are thermally deteriorated to increase the soluble content. The quality of the water-absorbent resin deteriorates. Such a problem also occurs when one temperature is 50 ° C. or higher and the other temperature is lower than 50 ° C. On the other hand, if the temperature of the granulated gel or the hydrous gel exceeds 100 ° C., the gel surface becomes dry and the gel may become rather hard.
- the difference between the temperature of the granulated gel and the temperature of the hydrous gel is small within the above temperature range, and the temperature difference between the two is preferably within 40 ° C. It is more preferably within 30 ° C, still more preferably within 20 ° C.
- the temperature of the granulated gel and the temperature of the hydrogel can be appropriately adjusted by heating and heat retention in the manufacturing process, heating with hot air from the outside, cooling, cooling with low temperature air or the like.
- the time from the addition of the granulation gel to the hydrogel to the start of mechanical mixing is preferably within 5 minutes, more preferably within 2 minutes, and even more preferably within. Within 1 minute.
- the time from the granulation step to the start of mechanical mixing is preferably within 10 minutes, more preferably within 5 minutes, and even more preferably within 2 minutes.
- the temperature of the hydrogel to which the granulation gel is added is in the range of 50 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower, preferably 55 ° C. or higher, more preferably 60 ° C. or higher.
- the temperature is preferably 95 ° C. or lower, more preferably 90 ° C. or lower.
- the granulation gel and / or the hydrogel is mechanically mixed in order to make the granulation gel and the hydrogel mixed as uniformly as possible.
- an apparatus capable of achieving any of the above coexistence states may be used.
- the stirring method include rotary stirring by rotating the stirring blade and the container itself, stirring by a feeder that moves like a pendulum, and the like.
- the device for performing the stirring method include a rotary stirring device, a swing belt type feeder, and a pendulum type conveyor, respectively.
- the rotary stirrer is preferably a kneader polymerization machine. If the mechanical mixing is done during the gel grinding step, the rotary stirrer is preferably, for example, a kneader or a meat chopper.
- a swing belt type feeder or a rotary stirrer is preferable. .. That is, it is preferable to supply the granulation gel and the hydrous gel to a swing belt type feeder or a rotary stirrer and mix them.
- the mechanical mixing is performed using a swing belt type feeder or a rotary stirrer, or using a rotary stirrer in the drying step. As a result, it is possible to dry in a more uniform state, so that uneven drying and formation of undried products can be suppressed.
- the granulation gel When using a swing belt type feeder, if the granulation gel is added to the hydrous gel transported on the transport belt by the swing feeder, the granulation gel can be uniformly dispersed. Further, the hydrogel may be added to the granulated gel transported on the transport belt by the swing feeder, or the granulation gel and the hydrogel are supplied to the swing feeder and both are supplied by the swing feeder. It may be supplied on a transport belt. Since the end of the swing belt type feeder reciprocates on the transport belt, even if the distribution of granulated gel and hydrous gel is biased on the swing belt type feeder, it is distributed almost uniformly on the transport belt. Will be.
- the swing angle ⁇ of the swing feeder, the belt speed, etc. can be arbitrarily selected in consideration of the speed and supply amount of the transport belt, but the progress of the transport belt during one reciprocation is preferably within 1 m, preferably 0.5 m. Within is more preferable. If the traveling distance of the transport belt during one reciprocation is too long, the distribution of the granulated gel becomes significantly uneven.
- the transport belt is preferably a ventilation band type dryer.
- Examples of the rotary agitator include a type in which the rotation axis is horizontal and the container itself rotates, a type in which the rotation axis is horizontal and the container itself is fixed, and a type in which the rotation axis is in the vertical direction and the container itself is fixed. Will be done. These devices may be either continuous or batch. Further, the water-containing gel laminated on the dryer may be mixed while being leveled by using the rotary type leveling machine used in the drying step. Further, it is also preferable to mix while drying using the stirring dryer used in the drying step.
- the stirring rotation speed of the device is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50 rpm or more, more preferably 100 rpm or more, preferably 500 rpm or less, and more preferably 300 rpm or less. Further, the mixing (retention) time in the stirrer is preferably 180 seconds or less, more preferably 60 seconds or less, still more preferably 30 seconds or less, preferably 0.1 seconds or more, more preferably 1 second or more. Is.
- the present invention further indicates that the solid content of the granulated gel and the solid content of the hydrogel are appropriately controlled. preferable. That is, if the solid content of the granulated gel or the hydrous gel becomes too low (in other words, if the water content with respect to 100% of the gel becomes too high), drying is partially incomplete or agglomerates are likely to be formed. Or become. In the present invention, it is desirable that the solid content of the granulated gel and / or the solid content of the hydrous gel is within an appropriate range.
- the solid content of the hydrogel is preferably 30% by mass or more, more preferably 45% by mass or more, preferably 70% by mass or less, more preferably 55% by mass or less, still more preferably 50% by mass or less.
- the solid content of the granulated gel is preferably 50% by mass or more, more preferably 55% by mass or more, further preferably 60% by mass or more, preferably 90% by mass or less, more preferably 85% by mass or less, and further. It is preferably 80% by mass or less.
- the temperature of the granulated gel and the hydrous gel is within the above range, and the solid content of these gels is within the above range.
- the solid content of the granulated gel in the re-addition step is within the above range, and the gel crushing energy in the gel crushing step is within the above range.
- the granulated gel is further subjected to.
- the solid content is higher than the solid content of the hydrogel.
- the difference "AB" between the solid content "A (%)" of the granulated gel and the solid content "B (%)" of the hydrogel is preferably 6 or more, more preferably 11 or more. , More preferably 16 or more, preferably 60 or less, more preferably 50 or less, still more preferably 40 or less.
- the ratio of the granulated gel to the hydrogel may be appropriately determined according to the amount of the separated fine powder and the setting of the solid content of the granulated gel.
- the granulated gel is usually 10 parts by mass or more, preferably 15 parts by mass or more, and more preferably 20 parts by mass or more with respect to 100 parts by mass (as is) of the hydrogel.
- the addition is preferably 50 parts by mass or less, more preferably 40 parts by mass or less, and further preferably 30 parts by mass or less.
- the proportion of the granulated gel is 10 parts by mass or more, uneven drying can be suppressed. If the proportion of the granulated gel is too large, the final quality and physical properties of the final product, the water-absorbent resin, will be greatly affected by the recycled fine powder, that is, the granulated gel.
- the hydrogel to which the granulation gel is added is treated in the drying step. Since the drying conditions and the like of the mixed gel are the same as the drying conditions and the like in the drying step, the description thereof will be omitted. Further, the crushing step and the classification step performed after the drying step are the same as the crushing step and the classification step, and the surface cross-linking step and the sizing step are performed as necessary to obtain the water-absorbent resin to be a product. can get. Further, the fine powder obtained in the classification step or the like may also be processed in the recycling step.
- Steps in addition to the above-mentioned steps, at least one kind of step selected from a transportation step, a storage step, a packing step, a storage step and the like may be further included as needed. Good.
- Water-absorbent resin The water-absorbent resin according to the present invention can be obtained by performing the various steps described above. That is, a water-absorbent resin having a large gel expansion force under pressure and a large gel expansion rate under pressure can be obtained.
- the gel expansion force of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention under pressure of 4.83 kPa is preferably 26 N or more, more preferably 27 N or more, and further preferably 28 N or more.
- the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention is used for an absorbent having a small ratio of fiber materials such as pulp, and especially when the absorbent is used for an absorbent article such as a thin paper diaper, 2
- the absorption ratio under pressure for urination after the first time is improved as compared with the conventional case.
- the "gel expansion force" defined in the present invention means a force that the water-absorbent resin tries to expand against a load after reaching a predetermined absorption magnification.
- an absorbent article such as a thin paper diaper swollen by the first urination to absorb urine even under pressure for the second and subsequent urination.
- the gel expansion force is less than 26 N
- the absorption ratio under pressure of the water-absorbent resin for the second and subsequent urination becomes insufficient, and the amount of the absorbent under pressure obtained by the absorber containing the water-absorbent resin becomes insufficient. It is not preferable because the liquid acquisition function of an absorbent article such as a thin paper diaper containing an absorber is insufficient.
- the upper limit of the gel expansion force of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention under pressure of 4.83 kPa is not particularly limited, but is preferably 40 N or less, and more preferably 35 N or less.
- an evaluation method for initial swelling force is proposed in International Publication WO2018 / 181548 and the like. This measures the force when the unswelled water-absorbent resin expands under a very light pressure of 0.16 kPa (1.6 g / cm 2, 0.02 psi). Further, Japanese Patent No. 3210009 and the like propose an evaluation method of gel expansion pressure. This is a measurement of the force when a water-absorbent resin that has reached a predetermined absorption ratio under no pressurization further expands under no pressurization.
- the gel expansion force of the present invention is 4.83 kPa (49 g / cm 2 , 0.7 psi) for the water-absorbent resin that has reached a predetermined absorption ratio under a pressure of 4.83 kPa (49 g / cm 2, 0.7 psi), as will be described later.
- a function different from the evaluation method of the above-mentioned prior literature will be evaluated.
- the gel swelling force of the present invention means that under the condition that the absorber or the absorbent article containing the water-absorbent resin is used, the condition at the time of urination is under pressure and the urination is absorbed a plurality of times.
- This is an assumed evaluation method, and is an evaluation method in a harsh environment assuming actual use of a more absorbent article than the evaluation method under extremely light pressure or no pressure proposed in the above-mentioned prior literature. It can be said that.
- the evaluation method proposed in the above-mentioned prior literature does not make sense, and when the absorbent resin once swollen under pressure in the present invention further expands. We need a way to evaluate force.
- the gel expansion force under pressure of 4.83 kPa determines the absorption ratio (CRC, AAP) of the water-absorbent resin, the particle shape (a shape that is amorphous and has cavities and voids in the particles), the particle size, and the like. It can be controlled by adjusting. By adjusting these, the gel expansion force under a pressure of 4.83 kPa can be controlled to 26 N or more.
- the gel expansion rate of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention under pressure of 4.83 kPa is preferably 8.5 or more, more preferably 9.0 or more, and 9 It is more preferably .5 or more.
- the upper limit of the gel expansion rate of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention under pressure of 4.83 kPa is not particularly limited, but is preferably 15.0 or less, and preferably 14.0 or less. More preferred.
- the method for evaluating the gel expansion rate of the present invention measures the rate at which a water-absorbent resin that has reached a predetermined absorption ratio under pressure is further expanded under pressure. From this, it can be said that the gel expansion rate of the present invention is an evaluation method assuming the actual use of an absorbent article that needs to absorb urination a plurality of times under pressure, similar to the gel expansion force.
- the volume fraction of particles having a Cavity volume fraction of 15% by volume or more in the total volume of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention is preferably 40% by volume or more, more preferably 42% by volume or more, and 44. More preferably, it is by volume or more.
- a water-absorbent resin having a large volume fraction of Cavity tends to have a large specific surface area.
- the Cavity volume fraction evaluates the volume of the recesses on the particle surface, which cannot be sufficiently evaluated only by measuring the specific surface area.
- the Cavity volume ratio increases, the gap between the gel particles when the water-absorbent resin swells also increases, and the amount of the aqueous liquid held in the Cavity volume portion of the gel particles and the gap between the gel particles increases.
- the gel expansion force is controlled.
- the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention when used for an absorbent having a small proportion of fiber material such as pulp and an absorbent article such as a thin paper diaper containing the absorbent, it urinates from the second time onward. The absorption ratio under pressure is further improved.
- the Cavity is connected to the outside of the water-absorbent resin 1 among the cavities formed in the water-absorbent resin 1 (the surface of the water-absorbent resin 1). Refers to a cavity (exposed to). The cavity also includes dents and grooves formed on the surface of the water-absorbent resin 1.
- Cavity is a high-speed 3D analysis software that acquires 3D image data under the following conditions using a microfocus X-ray CT system (inspeXio SMX-100CT / manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) as described later.
- the volume ratio of particles having a Void volume ratio of 1% by volume or less in the total volume of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention is preferably 65% by volume or more, more preferably 67% by volume or more, and 70. It is more preferably 50% by volume or more, further preferably 72% by volume or more, and further preferably 73% by volume or more.
- the gel expansion force is controlled.
- the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention is used for an absorbent article such as a thin paper diaper, the absorption ratio under pressure for the second and subsequent urination is further improved.
- a water-absorbent resin having a large Void volume fraction is easily crushed by pressure when swollen, it is used for an absorbent having a small ratio of fiber materials such as pulp and an absorbent article such as a thin paper diaper containing the absorbent. In that case, the absorption ratio under pressure for the second and subsequent urination decreases.
- the Void is not connected to the outside of the water-absorbent resin 1 among the cavities formed in the water-absorbent resin 1 (of the water-absorbent resin 1).
- Void is a high-speed 3D analysis software that acquires 3D image data under the following conditions using a microfocus X-ray CT system (inspeXio SMX-100CT / manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) as described later.
- the volume fraction of particles having a Cavity volume fraction of 15% by volume or more and a Void volume fraction of 1% by volume or less in the total volume of the water-absorbent resin is preferably 20% by volume or more, preferably 25% by volume or more. Is even more preferable.
- the gel expansion force is controlled.
- the water-absorbent resin used in the present invention is used for an absorbent having a small ratio of fiber materials such as pulp and an absorbent article such as a thin paper diaper containing the absorbent, the second and subsequent times.
- the absorption ratio under pressure for urination is further improved.
- the absorption ratio (CRC) of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention under no pressure is preferably 25 g / g or more, more preferably 27 g / g or more, and further preferably 28 g / g or more.
- CRC absorption ratio
- the absorption ratio under pressure is further improved.
- the upper limit of the absorption ratio under no pressure is not particularly limited, it is 40 g / g or less in order to set the absorption ratio under pressure (AAP) and the physiological saline flow inducibility (SFC) within desired ranges. It is preferably 38 g / g or less, and more preferably 38 g / g or less.
- the absorption ratio under pressure (AAP) of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention under pressure of 4.83 kPa is preferably 20 g / g or more, more preferably 23 g / g or more, and 24 g / g or more. It is more preferably 24.5 g / g or more, and most preferably 25 g / g or more.
- AAP absorption ratio under pressure
- the absorption ratio under pressure with respect to the total amount of urine to be absorbed by the absorbent article is further improved.
- the upper limit of the absorption ratio under pressure (AAP) is not particularly limited, it does not exceed the absorption ratio under no pressure (CRC) and is preferably 35 g / g or less.
- the physiological saline flow inducibility (SFC) for evaluating the liquid diffusion performance of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention shall be 15 ( ⁇ 10-7 cm 3 ⁇ sec / g) or more. Is more preferable, and it is more preferably 18 ( ⁇ 10-7 cm 3 ⁇ sec / g) or more, further preferably 20 ( ⁇ 10-7 cm 3 ⁇ sec / g) or more, and 55 ( ⁇ ). It is preferably 10 -7 cm 3 ⁇ sec / g ) or less, and more preferably less 53 ( ⁇ 10 -7 cm 3 ⁇ sec / g).
- the liquid diffusion capacity of pulp in the conventional absorber is applied.
- the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention can carry the liquid diffusion by gel blocking even when it is used for an absorbent having a small ratio of fiber materials such as pulp and an absorbent article such as a thin paper omelet containing the absorbent.
- Absorbent articles such as absorbers and paper omelets show good performance without compromising capacity.
- the upper limit of the physiological saline flow inducibility is not particularly limited. However, since the physiological saline flow-inducible (SFC) has a trade-off relationship with the unpressurized absorption ratio (CRC), if the physiological saline flow-inducible (SFC) is made too high, a desired range is obtained. The absorption ratio (CRC) under no pressurization cannot be obtained.
- the mass average particle size (D50) of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention is preferably 250 ⁇ m or more, more preferably 300 ⁇ m or more, preferably 550 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 500 ⁇ m or less. .. Further, the mass of the water-absorbent resin having a particle size of less than 150 ⁇ m in the total mass of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention is preferably 3% by mass or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or less. As a result, the gel expansion force is controlled. It also has the function of maintaining the balance of CRC, AAP, and SFC described above. As a result, when used for an absorbent having a small ratio of fiber materials such as pulp and an absorbent article such as a thin paper diaper containing the absorbent, the absorption ratio under pressure for the second and subsequent urination is further improved. To do.
- the mass of the water-absorbent resin having a particle size of more than 710 ⁇ m in the total mass of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention is preferably 2% by mass or less, and more preferably 1% by mass or less.
- the absorption ratio (CRC, AAP), particle shape (shape that is amorphous and has cavities and voids in the particles) and particle size of the water-absorbent resin may be adjusted. ..
- the CRC, AAP, cavity volume fraction, void volume fraction, and particle size of the water-absorbent resin may be adjusted, and more preferably, the CRC, AAP, cavity volume fraction, void volume fraction, and particle size of the water-absorbent resin.
- At least one or more (preferably two or more, more preferably three or more, particularly preferably four or more, most preferably all) selected from the group consisting of are adjusted to the above range.
- the gel thickness 5 mm arrival time of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention is preferably 150 seconds or less, more preferably 140 seconds or less.
- the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention which has at least the gel expansion force in the above range, has an absorption ratio under pressure for the second urination of 14 cm 3 / g or more, preferably 14.2 cm 3 / g or more. preferably becomes 14.4 cm 3 / g or more, more preferably of a 14.6 cm 3 / g or more.
- the initial color tone of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention preferably has a WI value of 45 or more, more preferably 50 or more, and even more preferably 52 or more.
- the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention is used for an absorbent having a small ratio of fiber materials such as pulp, and when the absorbent is used for an upper layer of an absorbent article such as a thin paper diaper. This is preferable because the absorbent article can maintain a clean white state.
- water-absorbent resin (absorbent)
- the use of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but is preferably used as an absorber for absorbent articles such as paper diapers, and is a water-absorbent resin used for absorbent articles such as thin paper diapers. More preferably, it is used for an absorber having a large mass ratio of.
- the structure of the absorber generally contains a fiber material (hydrophilic fiber) such as crushed wood pulp in addition to the water-absorbent resin.
- a fiber material such as crushed wood pulp
- the structure of the absorber includes, for example, a structure in which the water-absorbent resin and the hydrophilic fiber are uniformly mixed. Specifically, a structure formed by simply uniformly mixing a water-absorbent resin and hydrophilic fibers; a structure in which layered hydrophilic fibers are laminated on a layer in which a water-absorbent resin and hydrophilic fibers are uniformly mixed.
- Body An example of a structure in which a water-absorbent resin is arranged between a layer in which a water-absorbent resin and hydrophilic fibers are uniformly mixed and a layered hydrophilic fiber can be exemplified.
- a structure or the like in which a water-absorbent resin is arranged between layered hydrophilic fibers may be used.
- the structure of the absorber is not limited to the above-exemplified structure.
- hydrophilic fibers examples include, in addition to the above-mentioned crushed wood pulp (mechanical pulp obtained from wood), for example, cellulose fibers such as chemical pulp, semi-chemical pulp and dissolved pulp; artificial cellulose such as rayon and acetate.
- examples include hydrophilic fibers such as fibers.
- cellulose fibers are preferable.
- the hydrophilic fiber may contain synthetic fibers such as polyamide, polyester and polyolefin. The hydrophilic fiber is not limited to the above-exemplified fiber.
- the mass ratio of the water-absorbent resin to the mass of the absorber is preferably 75% by mass to 100% by mass, more preferably 80% by mass to 100% by mass, and 85% by mass to 100% by mass. It is more preferable, and 90% by mass to 100% by mass is particularly preferable.
- the mass ratio of the water-absorbent resin to the mass of the absorber within the above range, it is possible to reduce the thickness of the absorbent article, which has been a tendency in recent years, which is preferable. Further, by setting the mass ratio of the water-absorbent resin to the mass of the absorbent body within the above range, when the absorbent body is used for the upper layer portion of the absorbent article, the absorbent article maintains a clean white state. It is preferable because it can be used.
- an adhesive binder may be used in order to increase the strength and shape retention of the absorber before and during use of the absorber.
- the adhesive binder include heat-sealed fibers such as polyolefin fibers such as polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, and 1-butene-ethylene copolymer, and adhesive emulsions. These adhesive binders may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the mass ratio of the water-absorbent resin to the adhesive binder is preferably in the range of 50/50 to 99/1, more preferably in the range of 70/30 to 95/5, and in the range of 80/20 to 95/5. Is even more preferable.
- a layer containing the above-mentioned water-absorbent resin and hydrophilic fiber a layer in which the water-absorbent resin and the hydrophilic fiber are uniformly mixed; the water-absorbent resin and the hydrophilic fiber are used.
- a structure including a structure in which a water-absorbent resin is arranged between layered hydrophilic fibers
- the non-woven fabric is not particularly limited as long as it is a non-woven fabric known in the art, and is a polyolefin fiber such as polyethylene (PE) or polypropylene (PP); polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polytrimethylene terephthalate (PTT), polyethylene na.
- Polyethylene fibers such as phthalate (PEN); polyamide fibers such as nylon; rayon fibers; non-woven fabrics made of other synthetic fibers, and non-woven fabrics produced by mixing cotton, silk, linen, pulp (cellulose) fibers, etc. Can be mentioned.
- the basis weight of the non-woven fabric may be 5 to 300 g / m 2.
- the thickness of the non-woven fabric may be 20 to 800 ⁇ m.
- the liquid diffusion area of the non-woven fabric described later may be 1 to 100 m 2.
- the shape of the absorber is not particularly limited, but it is preferably molded into a sheet shape, a fibrous shape, a tubular shape, or the like, and more preferably a sheet shape.
- the absorber according to the present invention has an essential gel expansion force of 26 N or more under pressure of 4.83 kPa, and preferably has a pressure absorption ratio of 14 cm 3 / g or more for the second and subsequent urination. More preferably, it further contains a water-absorbent resin that satisfies each of the physical properties described in the above [3] Water-absorbent resin.
- the absorber according to the present invention improves the amount of pressurized liquid obtained for the second and subsequent urinations.
- the amount of pressurized liquid obtained for the second and subsequent urination is preferably 34.5 g or more, more preferably 35.0 g, and even more preferably 35.5 g or more.
- the total amount of the liquid under pressure obtained for the first and second urination is preferably 72.0 g or more, more preferably 72.5 g or more, and further preferably 73.0 g or more.
- the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention is used to maintain the freshness of pet urine absorbents, portable toilet urine gelling agents, fruits and vegetables, etc., in addition to the absorbent contained in the absorbent articles such as sanitary articles.
- Agents, meat and seafood drip absorbers, ice packs, disposable body warmers, battery gelling agents, soil water retaining agents for agriculture and horizons (plants, soil, etc.), dew condensation inhibitors, industrial water blocking agents and packing agents , And artificial snow, etc. can be suitably used for various purposes.
- absorber (absorbent article)
- the use of the absorber according to the present invention is not particularly limited, but it is preferably used for an absorbent article such as a paper diaper, and more preferably used for an absorbent article such as a thin paper diaper.
- the absorbent articles are a liquid-permeable top sheet located on the side that comes into contact with human skin when worn and a liquid-impermeable back sheet located on the outside when worn.
- the paper diaper is produced by sandwiching an absorbent layer containing the absorber of the present invention between the and.
- the liquid-permeable top sheet (hereinafter referred to as a liquid-permeable sheet) is made of a material having a property of permeating an aqueous liquid. Examples of the material of the liquid permeable sheet include a non-woven fabric; a woven fabric; a porous synthetic resin film made of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, polyamide and the like.
- the liquid-impermeable back sheet (hereinafter referred to as a liquid-impermeable sheet) is made of a material having a property of impermeable to an aqueous liquid.
- the material of the liquid-impermeable sheet include a synthetic resin film made of polyethylene, polypropylene, ethylene vinyl acetate, polyvinyl chloride, etc.; a film made of a composite material of these synthetic resins and a non-woven fabric; Examples thereof include a film made of a composite material of.
- the liquid impermeable sheet may have a property of allowing vapor to pass through.
- an absorbent article such as a paper diaper
- a diffusion layer made of a non-woven fabric, cellulose, crosslinked cellulose or the like that assists liquid diffusion may be arranged between the liquid permeable sheet and the absorbent layer.
- the absorbent article such as a paper diaper is further provided with a member known to those skilled in the art, such as an adhesive tape for fixing the paper diaper after mounting.
- the absorption layer has a structure including an absorber, and other than that, the absorption layer is not particularly limited.
- the absorption layer is not particularly limited.
- the absorption layer may have a structure in which the above-mentioned additive is not contained (a structure in which only the absorber is contained).
- the method for producing the absorbent layer is not particularly limited. Further, the method of sandwiching the absorbent layer between the liquid permeable sheet and the liquid permeable sheet, that is, the method of producing the absorbent article is not particularly limited.
- the absorbent article according to the present invention since the absorbent article according to the present invention has an absorber with improved pressurization fluid acquisition for the second and subsequent urinations, it exhibits an excellent fluid acquisition function for the second and subsequent urinations.
- the absorber according to the present invention includes pet urine absorbers, urine gelling agents for portable toilets, freshness-preserving agents for fruits and vegetables, drip absorbers for meat and seafood, and the like.
- pet urine absorbers urine gelling agents for portable toilets
- freshness-preserving agents for fruits and vegetables freshness-preserving agents for fruits and vegetables
- drip absorbers for meat and seafood, and the like.
- ice packs disposable body warmers
- gelling agents for batteries gelling agents for batteries
- soil water retaining agents for agriculture and horticulture plants, soil, etc.
- dew condensation prevention agents for industrial water blocking agents and packing agents
- artificial snow artificial snow. It can be preferably used.
- Example 1 (Preparation step of monomeric aqueous solution)
- a container made of polypropylene having a capacity of 2 L 422.0 parts by mass of acrylic acid, 173.9 parts by mass of a 48.5% by mass sodium hydroxide aqueous solution, 2.5 parts by mass of polyethylene glycol diacrylate (average molecular weight: 523), 1.
- a monomer aqueous solution was prepared by adding 2.6 parts by mass of a 0% by mass diethylenetriamine 5-acetic acid / 3 sodium aqueous solution and 403.3 parts by mass of deionized water and mixing them.
- the liquid temperature of the monomer aqueous solution exceeded 40 ° C. due to the heat of neutralization and the heat of dissolution generated in the process of mixing.
- the monomer aqueous solution (1) was poured into a stainless steel vat-shaped container (bottom surface 340 ⁇ 340 mm, height 25 mm, inner surface: Teflon (registered trademark) coating) in an open state to the atmosphere.
- the time from the start of the second stage neutralization to the pouring of the monomer aqueous solution (1) into the vat-shaped container was set to 65 seconds.
- the vat-shaped container was heated using a hot plate (NEO HOTPLATE HI-1000 / manufactured by Inuchi Seieidou Co., Ltd.) until the surface temperature reached 50 ° C.
- the polymerization reaction After pouring the monomer aqueous solution (1) into the vat-shaped container, the polymerization reaction started within 1 minute. In the polymerization reaction, the polymerization of the monomer aqueous solution (1) proceeded while expanding and foaming in all directions while generating water vapor. The resulting polymer then shrank to a size slightly larger than the bottom surface of the vat-shaped container. After 2 minutes from the start of the polymerization reaction, the hydrogel (1) was taken out from the vat-shaped container. These series of operations were performed in an open state to the atmosphere.
- the D50 (mass average particle size) of the particulate hydrogel (1) was 320 ⁇ m, and ⁇ (logarithmic standard deviation of the particle size distribution) was 0.91.
- the particulate hydrogel (1) was spread out on a wire mesh having an opening of 300 ⁇ m and placed in a hot air dryer. Then, the particulate hydrogel (1) was dried by aerating hot air at 190 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a dried polymer (1). There was no undried product in the dried polymer (1).
- Example 2 The surface cross-linking agent aqueous solution used in Example 1 was prepared with 0.2 parts by mass of 1,6-hexanediol, 0.6 parts by mass of triethylene glycol, 2.6 parts by mass of deionized water, and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan. Monostearate (manufactured by Kao Co., Ltd.) The water-absorbent resin (2) after surface cross-linking was subjected to the same operation as in Example 1 except that the surface cross-linking agent aqueous solution was changed to 0.001 part by mass. Obtained. Table 2 shows various physical properties of the water-absorbent resin (2) after surface cross-linking.
- the WI value was 53.0 as the initial color tone of the water-absorbent resin (2).
- the D50 (mass average particle size) of the particulate hydrogel (2) obtained by performing the gel crushing step was 330 ⁇ m, and ⁇ (logarithmic standard deviation of the particle size distribution) was 0.92.
- Example 3 The same operation as in Example 1 was performed except that the amount of deionized water added when performing the gel crushing step in Example 1 was changed to 50 g / min, and the particulate hydrogel (3) was performed.
- the D50 (mass average particle size) of the particulate hydrogel (3) was 400 ⁇ m, and ⁇ (logarithmic standard deviation of the particle size distribution) was 0.95.
- the particulate hydrogel (3) was spread out on a wire mesh having an opening of 300 ⁇ m and placed in a hot air dryer. Then, the particulate hydrogel (3) was dried by aerating hot air at 190 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a dried polymer (3). There was no undried product in the dried polymer (3).
- the dried polymer (3) was put into a roll mill (WML type roll crusher / manufactured by Inoguchi Giken Co., Ltd.) and pulverized, and then classified using two types of JIS standard sieves having a mesh size of 710 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m. did.
- the mixed gel (3-4) was spread out on a wire mesh having an opening of 300 ⁇ m and placed in a hot air dryer. Then, the mixed gel (3-4) was dried by aerating hot air at 190 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a dried polymer (3-4). There was no undried product in the dried polymer (3-4).
- the mixture was then classified using two types of JIS standard sieves with openings of 710 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m.
- a water-absorbent resin (3-4) after surface cross-linking was obtained, which passed through a sieve having a mesh size of 710 ⁇ m and remained on the sieve having a mesh size of 150 ⁇ m.
- Table 2 shows various physical properties of the water-absorbent resin (3-4) after surface cross-linking.
- the WI value was 54.7 as the initial color tone of the water-absorbent resin (3-4).
- Example 4 The surface cross-linking agent aqueous solution used in Example 3 was prepared with 0.2 parts by mass of 1,6-hexanediol, 0.6 parts by mass of triethylene glycol, 2.6 parts by mass of deionized water, and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan. Monostearate (manufactured by Kao Co., Ltd.) The water-absorbent resin (4-4) after surface cross-linking was performed in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the surface cross-linking agent aqueous solution was changed to 0.001 part by mass. ) Was obtained. Table 2 shows various physical properties of the water-absorbent resin (4-4) after surface cross-linking.
- the WI value was 52.6 as the initial color tone of the water-absorbent resin (4-4).
- the D50 (mass average particle size) of the particulate hydrogel (4) obtained by performing the gel crushing step was 410 ⁇ m, and ⁇ (logarithmic standard deviation of the particle size distribution) was 0.94.
- the liquid temperature of the monomer aqueous solution (1') was raised to about 81 ° C. by the heat of neutralization and the heat of dissolution generated in the process of mixing.
- the monomer aqueous solution (1') gradually dissolved and prepared was a transparent uniform solution. It became.
- the monomer aqueous solution (1') was poured into a stainless steel vat-shaped container (bottom surface 340 x 340 mm, height 25 mm, inner surface: Teflon (registered trademark) coating) in an open state to the atmosphere.
- the time from the start of the second stage neutralization to the pouring of the monomer aqueous solution (1') into the vat-shaped container was set to 55 seconds.
- the vat-shaped container was heated using a hot plate (NEO HOTPLATE HI-1000 / manufactured by Inuchi Seieidou Co., Ltd.) until the surface temperature reached 40 ° C.
- the polymerization reaction started 59 seconds later.
- the polymerization of the monomer aqueous solution (1') proceeded while expanding and foaming in all directions while generating water vapor.
- the resulting polymer then shrank to a size slightly larger than the bottom surface of the vat-shaped container.
- the hydrogel (1') was taken out from the vat-shaped container.
- the D50 (mass average particle diameter) of the particulate hydrogel (1') was 350 ⁇ m, and ⁇ (logarithmic standard deviation of the particle size distribution) was 0.93.
- the particulate hydrogel (1') was spread out on a wire mesh having an opening of 300 ⁇ m and placed in a hot air dryer. Then, the particulate hydrogel (1') was dried by aerating hot air at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a dried polymer (1'). There was no undried product in the dried polymer (1').
- the polymerization reaction started.
- the polymerization of the monomer aqueous solution (2') proceeded while expanding and foaming in all directions while generating water vapor.
- the resulting polymer then shrank to a size slightly larger than the bottom surface of the vat-shaped container.
- the hydrogel (2') was taken out from the vat-shaped container.
- the hydrogel (2') obtained by the polymerization reaction was cut so that the mass per piece was about 60 g, and then a meat chopper (HL-G22SN, plate hole diameter 8.0 mm / Remakomu Co., Ltd.) was cut.
- the gel was pulverized using (manufactured by) to obtain a particulate hydrogel (2').
- the amount of the hydrogel (2') added is approximately 360 g / min, and in parallel with the addition of the hydrogel (2'), deionized water adjusted to 80 ° C. is added to the meat chopper at 50 g / min. While crushing the gel.
- the obtained particulate hydrogel (2') was pulverized again using a meat chopper (HL-G22SN, plate pore size 8.0 mm / manufactured by Remakomu Co., Ltd.), and the particulate hydrogel (2') was pulverized again. ) was obtained. Deionized water was not added to the meat chopper when the particulate hydrogel (2') was ground again.
- the D50 (mass average particle diameter) of the particulate hydrogel (2') was 400 ⁇ m, and ⁇ (logarithmic standard deviation of the particle size distribution) was 0.97.
- the particulate hydrogel (2') was spread out on a wire mesh having an opening of 300 ⁇ m and placed in a hot air dryer. Then, the particulate hydrogel (2') was dried by aerating hot air at 190 ° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a dried polymer (2'). There was no undried product in the dried polymer (2').
- the aggregate-like mixture remaining on the sieve with a mesh size of 850 ⁇ m was crushed and classified until the entire amount passed through the sieve with a mesh size of 850 ⁇ m.
- the mixed gel (2'-4) was spread out on a wire mesh having an opening of 300 ⁇ m and placed in a hot air dryer. Then, the mixed gel (2'-4) was dried by aerating hot air at 190 ° C. for 20 minutes to obtain a dried polymer (2'-4). There was no undried product in the dried polymer (2'-4).
- an additive aqueous solution consisting of 1 part by mass of a 27 mass% aluminum sulfate aqueous solution and 0.2 parts by mass of a 60 mass% sodium lactate aqueous solution was added. Then, the obtained mixture was classified using two types of JIS standard sieves having a mesh size of 850 ⁇ m and 150 ⁇ m. The aggregate-like mixture remaining on the sieve with a mesh size of 850 ⁇ m was crushed and classified until the entire amount passed through the sieve with a mesh size of 850 ⁇ m.
- the polymerization reaction started shortly after the monomer aqueous solution (3') was poured into the vat-shaped container. After 1 minute from the start of the polymerization reaction, the irradiation with ultraviolet rays was stopped, and after 2 minutes from that, the hydrogel (3') was taken out from the vat-shaped container. These series of operations were performed in an open state to the atmosphere.
- the hydrogel (3') obtained by the polymerization reaction was cut so that the mass per piece was about 60 g, and then a meat chopper (HL-G22SN, plate hole diameter 8.0 mm / Remakomu Co., Ltd.) was cut.
- the gel was pulverized using (manufactured by) to obtain a particulate hydrogel (3').
- the amount of the hydrogel (3') added is approximately 360 g / min, and in parallel with the addition of the hydrogel (3'), deionized water adjusted to 80 ° C. is added to the meat chopper at 25 g / min. While crushing the gel.
- the D50 (mass average particle diameter) of the particulate hydrogel (3') was 550 ⁇ m, and ⁇ (logarithmic standard deviation of the particle size distribution) was 1.01.
- the particulate hydrogel (3') was spread out on a wire mesh having an opening of 300 ⁇ m and placed in a hot air dryer. Then, the particulate hydrogel (3') was dried by aerating hot air at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a dried polymer (3'). The hot air at 180 ° C. was ventilated from the bottom to the top of the wire mesh for the first 15 minutes and from the top to the bottom of the wire mesh for the latter 15 minutes. There was no undried product in the dried polymer (3').
- the mixed gel (3'-2) was spread out on a wire mesh having an opening of 300 ⁇ m and placed in a hot air dryer. Then, the mixed gel (3'-2) was dried by aerating hot air at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a dried polymer (3'-2). The hot air at 180 ° C. was ventilated from the bottom to the top of the wire mesh for the first 15 minutes and from the top to the bottom of the wire mesh for the latter 15 minutes. There was no undried product in the dried polymer (3'-2).
- the polymerization reaction started shortly after the monomer aqueous solution (4') was poured into the vat-shaped container. After 1 minute from the start of the polymerization reaction, the irradiation with ultraviolet rays was stopped, and after 2 minutes from that, the hydrogel (4') was taken out from the vat-shaped container. These series of operations were performed in an open state to the atmosphere.
- the hydrogel (4') obtained by the polymerization reaction was cut so that the mass per piece was about 60 g, and then the meat chopper (HL-G22SN, plate hole diameter 8.0 mm / Remakomu Co., Ltd.) was cut.
- the gel was pulverized using (manufactured by) to obtain a particulate hydrogel (4').
- the amount of the hydrogel (4') added is approximately 360 g / min, and in parallel with the addition of the hydrogel (4'), deionized water adjusted to 80 ° C. is added to the meat chopper at 25 g / min. While crushing the gel.
- the D50 (mass average particle diameter) of the particulate hydrogel (4') was 540 ⁇ m, and ⁇ (logarithmic standard deviation of the particle size distribution) was 1.04.
- the particulate hydrogel (4') was spread out on a wire mesh having an opening of 300 ⁇ m and placed in a hot air dryer. Then, the particulate hydrogel (4') was dried by aerating hot air at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a dried polymer (4'). The hot air at 180 ° C. was ventilated from the bottom to the top of the wire mesh for the first 15 minutes and from the top to the bottom of the wire mesh for the latter 15 minutes. There was no undried product in the dried polymer (4').
- the mixed gel (4'-2) was spread out on a wire mesh having an opening of 300 ⁇ m and placed in a hot air dryer. Then, the mixed gel (4'-2) was dried by aerating hot air at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a dried polymer (4'-2). The hot air at 180 ° C. was ventilated from the bottom to the top of the wire mesh for the first 15 minutes and from the top to the bottom of the wire mesh for the latter 15 minutes. There was no undried product in the dried polymer (4'-2).
- a 24.0 mass% sodium hydroxide aqueous solution was gradually added to the container and mixed to prepare a monomer aqueous solution (5').
- the neutralization rate of acrylic acid in the monomer aqueous solution (5') was 70 mol%.
- the liquid temperature of the obtained monomer aqueous solution (5') exceeded 50 ° C. due to the heat of neutralization and the heat of dissolution generated in the mixing process.
- the obtained mixture was stirred for about 2 seconds and then poured into a stainless steel vat-shaped container (bottom surface 150 ⁇ 150 mm, height 90 mm, inner surface: Teflon (registered trademark) coating) in an open state to the atmosphere. Further, at the same time as the mixture was poured into the vat-shaped container, the mixture was irradiated with ultraviolet rays. The vat-shaped container was heated until the surface temperature reached 80 ° C.
- the polymerization reaction started about 30 seconds later. After 2 minutes from the start of the polymerization reaction, the irradiation with ultraviolet rays was stopped, and the hydrogel (5') was taken out from the vat-shaped container. These series of operations were performed in an open state to the atmosphere.
- the hydrogel (5') obtained by the polymerization reaction was cut so that the mass per piece was about 60 g, and then a meat chopper (HL-G22SN, plate hole diameter 8.0 mm / Remakomu Co., Ltd.) was cut.
- the gel was pulverized using (manufactured by) to obtain a particulate hydrogel (5').
- the amount of the hydrogel (5') added is approximately 360 g / min, and in parallel with the addition of the hydrogel (5'), deionized water adjusted to 80 ° C. is added to the meat chopper at 50 g / min. While crushing the gel.
- the D50 (mass average particle diameter) of the particulate hydrogel (5') was 910 ⁇ m, and ⁇ (logarithmic standard deviation of the particle size distribution) was 1.02.
- the particulate hydrogel (5') was spread out on a wire mesh having an opening of 300 ⁇ m and placed in a hot air dryer. Then, the particulate hydrogel (5') was dried by aerating hot air at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a dried polymer (5'). The hot air at 180 ° C. was ventilated from the bottom to the top of the wire mesh for the first 15 minutes and from the top to the bottom of the wire mesh for the latter 15 minutes. There was no undried product in the dried polymer (5').
- the polymerization reaction started shortly after the monomer aqueous solution (6') was poured into the vat-shaped container.
- the polymerization of the monomer aqueous solution (6') proceeded while expanding and foaming in all directions while generating water vapor.
- the resulting polymer then shrank to a size slightly larger than the bottom surface of the vat-shaped container.
- the irradiation with ultraviolet rays was stopped, and the hydrogel (6') was taken out from the vat-shaped container.
- the hydrogel (6') obtained by the polymerization reaction was cut so that the mass per piece was about 60 g, and then a meat chopper (HL-G22SN, plate hole diameter 6.0 mm / Remakomu Co., Ltd.) was cut.
- the gel was pulverized using (manufactured by) to obtain a particulate hydrogel (6').
- the amount of the hydrogel (6') added is approximately 360 g / min, and in parallel with the addition of the hydrogel (6'), deionized water adjusted to 90 ° C. is added to the meat chopper at 50 g / min. While crushing the gel.
- the D50 (mass average particle diameter) of the particulate hydrogel (6') was 750 ⁇ m, and ⁇ (logarithmic standard deviation of the particle size distribution) was 1.01.
- the particulate hydrogel (6') was spread out on a wire mesh having an opening of 300 ⁇ m and placed in a hot air dryer. Then, the particulate hydrogel (6') was dried by aerating hot air at 180 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a dried polymer (6'). There was no undried product in the dried polymer (6').
- the granulated gel (6'-1) was spread out on a wire mesh having an opening of 300 ⁇ m and placed in a hot air dryer. Then, the granulated gel (6'-1) was dried by aerating hot air at 170 ° C. for 30 minutes to obtain a dried polymer (6'-1). There was no undried product in the dried polymer (6'-1).
- the CRC (absorption ratio under no pressure) of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention was measured according to the EDANA method (WSP241.3 (10)). Specifically, 0.2 g of the water-absorbent resin is placed in a non-woven fabric bag, immersed in a large excess of 0.9 mass% sodium chloride aqueous solution for 30 minutes to allow the water-absorbent resin to freely swell, and then centrifuged. It was dehydrated using a machine (centrifugal force: 250 G), and CRC (absorption ratio under no pressurization) (unit: g / g) was measured.
- AAP absorption ratio under pressure
- the AAP (absorption ratio under pressure) of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention was measured according to the EDANA method (WSP242.3 (10)). However, in the present invention, the pressurization condition was changed to 4.83 kPa (49 g / cm 2 , 0.7 psi) for measurement. Specifically, after swelling 0.9 g of the water-absorbent resin under pressure of 4.83 kPa (49 g / cm 2 , 0.7 psi) for 1 hour using a large excess of 0.9 mass% sodium chloride aqueous solution. , AAP (absorption ratio under pressure) (unit: g / g) was measured. That is, in the present specification, all AAPs (absorption ratios under pressure) are values measured under pressure of 4.83 kPa.
- SFC Seline Flow Inducible
- the solid content of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention was calculated using the water content measured according to the EDANA method (WSP230.3 (10)). However, in the present invention, among the measurement conditions specified in WSP230.3 (10), the amount of the water-absorbent resin as a sample was changed to 1.0 g, and the drying temperature was changed to 180 ° C. Then, the value calculated by "100-moisture content (mass%)" was taken as the solid content (unit: mass%) of the water-absorbent resin.
- the solid content of the particulate water-containing gel or the granulated gel was also calculated using the water content measured in accordance with the EDANA method (WSP230.3 (10)).
- WSP230.3 the amount of the particulate hydrogel or granulation gel as the sample is changed to 2.0 g, and the drying temperature is changed to 180 ° C. did.
- the value calculated by "100-moisture content (mass%)" was defined as the solid content (unit: mass%) of the particulate hydrogel or granulated gel.
- a sample water-absorbent resin
- WSP230.3 (10) the water content measured according to the EDANA method
- mass% the solid content of the block-shaped dry polymer.
- the solid content of the block-shaped dried polymer was taken as the average value of the obtained values obtained by collecting the sample from any five places in the drying step.
- D50 mass average particle size
- the D50 (mass average particle size) (unit: ⁇ m) of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention is US Pat. No. 7 "(3) Mass-Average Particle Diameter (D50) and Logarit" described in No. 638570. The measurement was performed according to the measurement method of "hmic Standard Deviation ( ⁇ ) of Particle Diameter Distribution".
- D50 mass average particle size of particulate hydrogel
- the mass average particle size (D50) of the crushed particulate hydrogel in terms of solid content is measured. 20 g of particulate hydrogel (solid content ⁇ % by mass) at a temperature of 20 to 25 ° C., and a 20 mass% sodium chloride aqueous solution containing 0.08 mass% Emar 20C (surfactant, manufactured by Kao Corporation) (hereinafter, “Emar”).
- Emar 20C surfactant, manufactured by Kao Corporation
- aqueous solution 500 g (referred to as an aqueous solution) to form a dispersion, and stirred at 300 rpm for 1 hour using a stirrer chip having a length of 50 mm and a diameter of 7 mm (a cylindrical polypropylene container having a height of 21 cm and a diameter of 8 cm (capacity: about 1). .14L) is used).
- the JIS standard sieve (diameter 21 cm, sieve mesh: 8 mm / 4 mm / 2 mm / 1 mm / 0.60 mm / 0.30 mm / 0.15 mm / 0.075 mm) is placed on top of the turntable.
- the dispersion liquid was put into the central portion of the above.
- Liquid volume 6.0 L / min
- the particulate hydrogel on the first stage sieve that had been classified was drained for about 2 minutes and then weighed.
- the second and subsequent sieves were also classified by the same operation, and the particulate hydrogel remaining on each sieve after draining was weighed.
- the mass ratio X (unit: mass%) with respect to the entire particulate hydrogel was calculated from the following formula (1).
- the mesh opening R ( ⁇ ) (unit: mm) of the sieve used in the particulate hydrogel having a solid content of ⁇ % by mass remaining on the sieve was calculated according to the following formula (2).
- the X and R ( ⁇ ) of the particulate hydrogel remaining on each sieve were plotted on logarithmic probability paper to create a graph (particle size distribution) showing the relationship between the cumulative weight ratio of X and R ( ⁇ ). From this graph, the particle size corresponding to the residual percentage of 50% by mass was read as the mass average particle size (D50) of the particulate hydrogel.
- ⁇ logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution
- the mass% of the particulate hydrogel remaining on each sieve is calculated by the same method as the method of D50 (mass average particle diameter) of the particulate hydrogel, and the particle size distribution of the particulate hydrogel is logarithmic. Plotted on probability paper. From the plot, the particle sizes of% R on the integrated sieve (referred to as X1) and% R on the integrated sieve (referred to as X2) were obtained and the following formulas were obtained. Based on (3), ⁇ (logarithmic standard deviation of particle size distribution) was obtained.
- the gel thickness 5 mm arrival time (unit: seconds) of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention is a measurement of the AAP (absorption ratio under pressure) in which the pressurization condition is changed to 4.83 kPa (49 g / cm 2, 0.7 psi).
- Keyence laser displacement meter (amplifier unit: IL-1000, sensor head: IL-S100, power supply unit: KZ-U3), data logger (GRAPHTEC, midiLOGGER GL220) , And measured by calculation using Microsoft Excel.
- the measurement was performed in a room where the temperature was adjusted between 23.0 ⁇ 0.5 ° C and the humidity was adjusted between 35% and 50%.
- the 0.9 mass% sodium chloride aqueous solution used for the measurement was adjusted to a temperature of 23 ⁇ 0.5 ° C.
- the specific measurement method is as follows. As shown in FIG. 2, first, a cylinder 3, a piston 2, and a weight 1 to be used for AAP measurement in which the pressurizing condition is changed to 4.83 kPa (49 g / cm 2, 0.7 psi) are prepared and placed in the cylinder 3. 0.9 g of the water-absorbent resin was charged, and the piston 2 was inserted into the cylinder 3 charged with the water-absorbent resin. At this time, the water-absorbent resin was prevented from getting caught between the inner wall of the cylinder 3 and the piston 2. After that, the weight 1 was placed on the piston 2. As the weight 1, a weight having a cylindrical shape and a flat upper surface was used. The bottom surface of the cylinder 3 has a mesh shape.
- a series of sets including the water-absorbent resin, the cylinder 3, the piston 2, and the weight 1 prepared in the above step will be referred to as a cell set A.
- a surface heater 10 set at 23 ° C. is placed on a horizontal laboratory table, and a SUS tray 9 used for measuring AAP is placed on the surface heater 10 and made of SUS.
- a glass filter 7 used for AAP measurement is placed in the center of the tray 9 with the surface having less unevenness facing up, and 0.9% by mass in the SUS tray 9 so that the water level is the same as the height of the upper surface of the glass filter 7.
- Sodium chloride aqueous solution 8 was added. At this time, air bubbles were prevented from entering the glass filter.
- a filter paper 6 used for measuring AAP was placed in the center of the glass filter 7 with the side having less unevenness facing up.
- a laser displacement meter manufactured by KEYENCE (amplifier unit 15: IL-1000, sensor head 14: IL-S100, power supply unit 16: KZ). -U3) was installed.
- a power supply unit 16 is connected to the sensor head 14 via an amplifier unit 15.
- the sensor head 14 has a clamp 13 attached to the upper part of the stand 11 by a muff 12, and is supported by the clamp 13.
- the sensor head 14 when the laser emitted from the sensor head 14 places the cell set A in the central portion on the filter paper 6, the sensor head 14 is perpendicular to the upper surface of the weight 1 in the cell set A, specifically.
- FIG. 4 A plan view of FIG. 4 shows a state in which a vinyl tape is attached to the upper surface of the weight 1. This makes it possible to measure the vertical position information (numerical data) of the weight 1.
- the position information of the weight 1 measured by the sensor head 14 was sent to a data logger (midiLOGGER GL220 manufactured by GRAPHTEC) 17 and stored in the data logger 17.
- the data logger 17 is connected between the amplifier unit 15 and the power supply unit 16 so that the position information of the weight 1 can be continuously stored at 1-second intervals.
- FIG. 3 shows the state of measurement at the stage where the cell set A is placed on the filter paper and the measurement is started.
- the position information of the weight 1 obtained in the above measurement was extracted from the data logger 17, and the following analysis was performed on Microsoft Excel. First, the time when the weight 1 sank most and became low during the period from the start of swelling to 10 seconds later was defined as "the time when the gel thickness was 0 mm”. After the "gel thickness of 0 mm", the weight is pushed up in the vertical direction due to the swelling of the water-absorbent resin.
- the numerical value of the position information at the "gel thickness of 0 mm” and after the "gel thickness of 0 mm” The absolute value of the difference between the numerical values of the position information measured in 1 indicates the distance ⁇ (gel thickness ⁇ mm) in which the swollen water-absorbent resin pushes up the weight 1 in the vertical direction.
- This distance ⁇ is calculated for each elapsed time of measurement, and the time required for the distance to reach 5 mm (time from the time when the gel thickness is 0 mm to the time when the gel thickness is 5 mm) is calculated. It was set as "gel thickness 5 mm arrival time".
- the gel thickness 5 mm arrival time in the present invention was taken as the average value obtained by performing the above measurement twice using the same sample (water-absorbent resin).
- the gel expansion force (unit: N) and gel expansion rate (unit: none) of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention are the AAP (unit: 0.7 psi) in which the pressurizing condition is changed to 4.83 kPa (49 g / cm 2 , 0.7 psi).
- AAP unit: 0.7 psi
- the force that pushes up the piston and weight in the vertical direction is applied to the autograph (AG), which is a tensile tester.
- AG is a tensile tester.
- operation software (TRAPEZIUM X) were used for measurement, and the numerical data obtained by the measurement was obtained by analysis using Microsoft Excel.
- the specific measurement method is as follows. As shown in FIG. 2, first, a cylinder 3, a piston 2, and a weight 1 to be used for AAP measurement in which the pressurizing condition is changed to 4.83 kPa (49 g / cm 2, 0.7 psi) are prepared and placed in the cylinder 3. 0.9 g of the water-absorbent resin was charged, and the piston 2 was inserted into the cylinder 3 charged with the water-absorbent resin. At this time, the water-absorbent resin was prevented from getting caught between the inner wall of the cylinder 3 and the piston 2. After that, the weight 1 was placed on the piston 2. As the weight 1, a weight having a cylindrical shape and a flat upper surface was used.
- a series of sets including the water-absorbent resin, the cylinder 3, the piston 2, and the weight 1 prepared in the above step will be referred to as a cell set A.
- the steps up to this point were carried out in a room where the temperature was adjusted between 23 ⁇ 0.5 ° C and the humidity was adjusted between 35% and 50%, and the subsequent operations were carried out at a temperature of 23 ⁇ 0.5 ° C and a temperature of 23 ⁇ 0.5 ° C. It was carried out in a room where the humidity was adjusted between 35% and 60%.
- FIG. 5 shows a state in which the load cell 19, the compression jig, and the AAP measuring instrument are installed on the autograph 30.
- placing the AAP measuring instrument on the lower pressure plate 21 means that the SUS tray 9 used for measuring AAP is placed on the lower pressure plate 21 at the center of the lower pressure plate 21 and the center of the SUS tray 9. Place the glass filter 7 used for AAP measurement on the center of the SUS tray 9 so that the parts overlap, and place the filter paper 6 used for AAP measurement on the center of the glass filter 7 with the side with less unevenness facing up. Refers to a state in which the cell set A is placed in the center of the filter paper 6 with the side having less unevenness facing up.
- the upper pressure plate 20 installed at an arbitrary position automatically descends at a speed of 0.1 mm per second from the time when the measurement is started, and then the cell. It was set so that it would be fixed at that position when it came into contact with the upper surface of the weight 1 in the set A.
- the force by which the swelling water-absorbent resin pushes up the piston 2 and the weight 1 through the fixed upper pressure plate 20 is set so as to be continuously read at 0.5 second intervals.
- the upper pressure plate 20 was manually lowered until it came into contact with the upper surface of the weight 1 in the cell set A, and the contacted upper pressure plate 20 was set to 0 mm. Specifically, at the position of the upper pressure plate 20, right-clicking on "stroke" on the test execution screen, zero reset was performed.
- the manual referred to here refers to operation using the buttons and dials of a smart controller (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) connected to the autograph. In addition, the description of the manual after that also refers to the same operation.
- the weight 1 comes into contact with the upper pressure plate, a slight force is generated by the weight 1 to push up the upper pressure plate 20, so that an increase in the "test force” is confirmed on the test execution screen.
- the time when the "test force” becomes 0.1 N or more and less than 0.5 N due to the increase in the "test force” is defined as contact.
- the upper pressure plate 20 was manually raised by 7.5 mm, and the position of the upper pressure plate 20 was set as the “measurement start position”.
- the upper pressure plate 20 is manually raised further from the "measurement start position (7.5 mm)" so that the cell set A and the filter paper do not come into contact with the upper pressure plate 20.
- a 0.9 mass% sodium chloride aqueous solution 8 was put into the SUS tray 9 so that the water level was the same as the height of the upper surface of the glass filter 7.
- the liquid temperature was adjusted to 23 ⁇ 0.5 ° C. Further, at this time, air bubbles were prevented from entering the glass filter 7.
- the filter paper 6 is placed again in the central portion of the glass filter 7, and the cell set A is gently placed in the central portion of the filter paper 6 to start swelling of the water-absorbent resin. It was. At the same time that the cell set A was placed on the filter paper 6, the time measurement was started. After the start of swelling, as shown in FIG. 6 (e), the upper pressure plate 20 was manually lowered to the above-mentioned "measurement start position (7.5 mm)" immediately.
- the upper pressure plate 20 was automatically lowered at a speed of 0.1 mm per second. It should be noted that the lowering of the upper pressure plate 20 is started 25 seconds before the upper pressure plate 20 is lowered by 2.5 mm when the "gel thickness 5 mm arrival time" is reached counting from the start of swelling, and the upper pressure plate 20 is lowered. This is to make contact with the upper surface of the weight 1 in the cell set A.
- the gel expansion force and gel expansion rate of the water-absorbent resin were calculated by analyzing the force with which the particulate hydrogel pushes up the piston and the weight obtained by the above-mentioned measurement for 60 minutes on Microsoft Excel.
- the gel expansion force and gel expansion rate in the present invention were measured twice using the same sample (water-absorbent resin) and used as the average value.
- volume ratio of particles with Cavity volume fraction of 15% by volume or more, volume fraction of particles with Void volume fraction of 1% by volume or less The volume ratio (unit: volume%) of particles having a Cavity volume ratio of 15% by volume or more and the volume ratio of particles having a Void volume ratio of 1% by volume or less (unit: volume%) in the total volume of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention. Volume%) uses a microfocus X-ray CT system (inspeXio SMX-100CT / manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation) to acquire 3D image data of water-absorbent resin, and high-speed 3D analysis software (TRI / 3D-VOL).
- the 3D image data is analyzed using FCS64 / Ratoc System Engineering Co., Ltd., and then statistical analysis software (JMP® 14 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA) and Microsoft Excel) are used.
- JMP® 14 SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA
- Microsoft Excel Microsoft Excel
- a water-absorbent resin having a particle size of 500 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m and 425 ⁇ m to Three-dimensional image data of a water-absorbent resin having a particle size of 500 ⁇ m and a water-absorbent resin having a volume of 300 ⁇ m to 425 ⁇ m were acquired using the microfocus X-ray CT system and analyzed using the high-speed three-dimensional analysis software. Later, the analysis results were collectively calculated using JMP and Volume.
- a specific calculation method will be described by taking a water-absorbent resin having a particle size of 500 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m as an example.
- a method for extracting a water-absorbent resin having a particle size of 500 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m will be described.
- JIS standard sieves The IIDA TESTING SIEVE / manufactured by Iida Seisakusho Co., Ltd., diameter: 8 cm, sieve mesh opening: 600 ⁇ m / 500 ⁇ m / 425 ⁇ m / 300 ⁇ m
- a receiver manufactured by Iida Seisakusho Co., Ltd., diameter: 8 cm
- the operation was carried out in a room where the temperature was adjusted between 20.0 and 25.0 ° C. and the humidity was adjusted between 35% and 50%.
- a water-absorbent resin having a particle size of 425 ⁇ m to 500 ⁇ m in the above operation, only the water-absorbent resin remaining on the sieve having a mesh size of 425 ⁇ m is extracted, and the water-absorbent resin having a particle size of 300 ⁇ m to 425 ⁇ m is extracted. In this case, only the water-absorbent resin remaining on the sieve having a mesh size of 300 ⁇ m shall be extracted.
- thermosetting spherical fine particles Eposter MV1002 / manufactured by Nippon Catalyst Co., Ltd.
- a plastic cylindrical container with a lid inner diameter: about 1 cm, height: about 5 cm
- the particle size was 500 ⁇ m to 600 ⁇ m.
- 0.1 g of the water-absorbent resin was added and shaken well to uniformly disperse the water-absorbent resin in the thermosetting spherical fine particles to prepare a sample.
- a double-sided tape was attached to the bottom surface of the cylindrical container and fixed to the sample table of the microfocus X-ray CT system, and then three-dimensional image data was acquired under the following conditions.
- the particle image data extracted by this operation was designated as (B) and stored in binDch (bD) on the BC panel. 4. Based on the particle image data (B), first, Ers Sml was selected in the Binary tab on the EVC panel, and particles having a particle size of 10 voxcel or less, which were considered to be noise, were removed.
- Invert was selected in the Binary tab on the EVC panel to invert the region where the particles were extracted and the region where the particles were not extracted.
- Ers Sml was selected in the Binary tab on the EVC panel to remove particles with a particle size of 1 voxcel or less, which were considered to be noise.
- Labeling was selected on the 3D tab on the EVC panel, and then Volume and Max were selected, and only the region with the largest volume was extracted.
- the Label Count is displayed as 1
- Invert again on the Binary tab on the EVC panel, noise is removed in the measurement target area and all particles are filled with Void. It was extracted in a state of being.
- the particle image data extracted by these operations was designated as (C) and stored in bin2ch (b2) on the BC panel. 5.
- Lop tab inter-channel logical operation processing
- select "2" for target 1 and "D” for target 2 select "SUB”
- the particle image data (B) was subtracted.
- Ers Sml was selected in the Binary tab on the EVC panel, and Void was extracted by removing particles that had a particle size of 1 voxcel or less and were considered to be noise.
- the particle image data extracted by these operations was designated as (D) and stored in bin6ch (b6) on the BC panel. 6.
- the surroundings of 8 connections were selected on the 3D tab on the EVC panel, the expansion treatment was performed twice, and then the contraction treatment was performed twice.
- the particle image data extracted by this operation was designated as (E) and stored in bin1h (b1) on the BC panel. 7.
- the particle image data (C) was subtracted. By this operation, Cavity was extracted.
- the obtained particle image data was designated as (F) and stored in bin7ch (b7) on the BC panel. 8.
- the Void volume and Cavity volume per particle are values calculated in a state where the Void and the Cavity are embedded in the water-absorbent resin. Further, in the measurement target region, a water-absorbent resin containing about 50 to 500 particles is present.
- the Excel file format used here is the XLSX format.
- the Void volume fraction (unit: volume%) was calculated for each particle based on the following formula (4).
- Void volume fraction H / (IJ) ⁇ 100 ... Equation (4) here, H: Void volume (unit: mm 3 ) I: Volume (Unit: mm 3 ) J: Cavity volume (unit: mm 3 ) Is.
- the Cavity volume fraction (unit: volume%) was calculated for each particle based on the following formula (5).
- Cavity volume fraction J / (IH) x 100 ... Equation (5) here, H: Void volume (unit: mm 3 ) I: Volume (Unit: mm 3 ) J: Cavity volume (unit: mm 3 ) Next, on the worksheet, the true volume (unit: mm 3 ) was calculated for each particle based on the following formula (6).
- the volume ratio (unit: volume%) of the particles having the Void volume ratio of 1% by volume or less and the volume ratio (unit: volume%) of the particles having the Cavity volume ratio of 15% by volume or more are calculated. did. 1.
- JMP statistical analysis software
- select the univariate distribution select the column in which the true volume is entered in the Y, column, press OK, and sum the summary statistics in the analysis results.
- the sum of the true volumes of the total water-absorbent resin (unit: mm 3 ) was calculated by confirming. Let (K) be the value of the sum obtained here. 2.
- the absorber in the paper diaper is often a mixture of a water-absorbent resin and a fiber material such as crushed wood pulp.
- a fiber material such as crushed wood pulp is not used, that is, an absorber made of substantially 100% water-absorbent resin is absorbed under pressure. The magnification was measured.
- the specific measurement method is as follows. As shown in FIG. 7, first, a cylinder 24, a piston 25, a lid 23 having two through holes for covering the cylinder 24, and a weight 22 used for the measurement of the SFC are prepared, and water absorption is provided in the cylinder 24. 3.0 g of the resin 4 was charged, and the piston 25 was inserted into the cylinder 24 charged with the water-absorbent resin 4. At this time, the water-absorbent resin 4 was prevented from getting caught between the inner wall of the cylinder 24 and the piston 25. After that, the lid 23 was set, and the weight 22 was set on the upper part of the piston 25.
- a series of sets including the water-absorbent resin 4, the cylinder 24, the piston 25, the lid 23, and the weight 22 produced here will be referred to as a cell set B.
- the temperature was adjusted to 23 ⁇ 0.5 ° C. and the humidity was adjusted between 35% and 50%.
- the temperature was 23 ⁇ 0.5 ° C. and the humidity was adjusted to 23 ⁇ 0.5 ° C. Performed indoors adjusted between 35% and 60%.
- the surface heater 10 set at 23 ° C. is placed on a horizontal laboratory table, the SUS tray 9 used for AAP measurement is placed on the surface heater 10, and the SUS tray is placed.
- a glass filter 7 used for measuring AAP is placed in the center of 9 with the side having less unevenness facing up, and a filter paper 6 used for measuring AAP is placed in the center of the glass filter 7 with the side having less unevenness facing up.
- the cell set B was placed in place of the cell set A in the central portion of 6.
- a laser displacement meter manufactured by KEYENCE (amplifier unit 15: IL-1000, sensor head 14: IL-S100, power supply unit 16: KZ). -U3) was installed.
- the cell set A is replaced with the cell set B, and the 0.9 mass% sodium chloride aqueous solution is not charged into the SUS tray 9.
- the sensor head 14 was installed so that the laser emitted from the sensor head 14 was emitted perpendicularly to the upper surface of the weight 22 in the cell set B.
- FIG. 8 shows a state in which a vinyl tape is attached to the upper surface of the weight 22. This made it possible to measure the vertical position information (numerical data) of the weight 22.
- the position information of the weight 22 measured by the sensor head 14 was sent to a data logger (midiLOGGER GL220 manufactured by GRAPHTEC) 17 and stored in the data logger 17.
- the data logger 17 is connected between the amplifier unit 15 and the power supply unit 16 so that the position information of the weight 22 can be continuously stored at 1-second intervals.
- Absorption ratio under pressure for the second urination A ⁇ C / 1000 / B... Equation (4) here, A: Cross-sectional area of the inner diameter of the cylinder in which the water-absorbent resin is charged (unit: mm 2 ) B: Amount of water-absorbent resin charged (unit: g) C: The position information of the weight read by the laser displacement meter was analyzed and calculated on Microsoft Excel, and the weight was calculated from the time when the second addition of the 0.9% by mass sodium chloride aqueous solution was started to the time when 8 minutes had passed.
- the initial color tone of the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention was measured by the Hunter Lab color system.
- LabScan registered trademark
- XE manufactured by Hunter Lab
- reflection measurement was selected as the measurement condition and 1.75 inches was selected as the measurement diameter.
- the initial color tone measuring container used had an inner diameter of 9.5 cm, a height of 0.6 cm, and a material made of aluminum or stainless steel.
- the water-absorbent resin was poured into the initial color tone measurement container until it overflowed.
- the water-absorbent resin piled up beyond the upper surface of the container was ground with a ruler or the like to smooth the powder surface.
- the WI value of the surface of the water-absorbent resin was measured in an atmosphere where the room temperature was 20 ° C. to 25 ° C. and the relative humidity was 50 RH%.
- the water-absorbent resin is a water-absorbent resin immediately after production or before shipment from the factory, or a water-absorbent resin having a storage condition of 30 ° C. or less and a relative humidity of 50% RH within one year after production.
- the color tone was used as the initial color tone.
- the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention maintains the AAP value, and 4. Since the gel expansion force under a pressure of 83 kPa can be increased, and more preferably the gel expansion force and the gel expansion rate can be increased, there was a second urination after absorbing the first urination.
- the water-absorbent resin of the comparative example has a low gel expansion force under a pressure of 4.83 kPa, and further has a low gel expansion force and a gel expansion rate, so that the absorption ratio under pressure for the second urination Is inadequate.
- a fiber material such as crushed wood pulp is not used, that is, an absorber made of substantially 100% water-absorbent resin.
- the absorber was prepared in anticipation of the above. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 9, 3.0 g of the water-absorbent resin 4 is charged in the cylinder 24 used for the measurement of the SFC, and a liquid-permeable top sheet is placed on the water-absorbent resin 4 in the cylinder 24.
- a non-woven fabric (manufacturing method: spunbond method, thickness: 0.1 mm, grain size: 13 g / m 2 , liquid diffusion area: 18 mm 2 ) 26 was placed.
- the non-woven fabric 26 used was cut into a circular shape having a diameter 0.2 mm shorter than the inner diameter of the cylinder 24.
- the thickness, basis weight, and liquid diffusion area of the non-woven fabric 26 were measured by the measurement method described later. Subsequently, the amount of the pressurized liquid obtained was measured using the prepared absorber. The measurement method is shown below. The measurement results are shown in Table 3.
- the amount of the absorber under pressure obtained (unit: g) according to the present invention was measured by the following method. It should be noted that, with respect to the above-mentioned absorption ratio under pressure for the second urination, the amount of the absorbent under pressure obtained was 0.9% by mass of the sodium chloride aqueous solution used (preferably 0.04 g with respect to 1000 g).
- the liquid temperature of Brilliant Blue FCF (may be colored with Blue No. 1) has been changed to 36.5 ⁇ 0.5 ° C assuming human urine, which is different from the absorption ratio under pressure for the second urination. , The function of the absorber is properly evaluated assuming actual use as an absorbent article.
- the specific measurement method is as follows. First, as shown in FIG. 10, a piston 25 used for the measurement of the SFC, a lid 23 having two through holes to be placed on the cylinder 24, and a weight 22 are prepared, and the cylinder 24 in which the produced absorber is charged. The piston 25 was inserted inside. At this time, the water-absorbent resin 4 and the non-woven fabric 26 were prevented from getting caught between the inner wall of the cylinder 24 and the piston 25. After that, the lid 23 was set, and the weight 22 was set on the upper part of the piston 25.
- a series of sets including the water-absorbent resin 4, the non-woven fabric 26, the cylinder 24, the piston 25, the lid 23, and the weight 22 produced here will be referred to as a cell set C.
- the temperature was adjusted to 23 ⁇ 0.5 ° C. and the humidity was adjusted between 35% and 50%. After that, the temperature was 23 ⁇ 0.5 ° C. and the humidity was adjusted to 23 ⁇ 0.5 ° C. Performed indoors adjusted between 35% and 60%.
- the mass of cell set C was measured, and this was designated as (A).
- the surface heater 10 set at 23 ° C. is placed on a horizontal laboratory table, and the SUS tray 9 used for measuring AAP is placed on the surface heater 10.
- the glass filter 7 used for AAP measurement is placed on the center of the SUS tray 9 with the side with less unevenness facing up, and the filter paper 6 used for measuring AAP is placed on the center of the glass filter 7 with the side with less unevenness facing up.
- the cell set C was placed in the center of the filter paper 6.
- the mixture was colored with a 0.9 mass% sodium chloride aqueous solution (preferably 0.04 g of Brilliant Blue FCF (Blue No. 1) with respect to 1000 g) at a temperature adjusted to 36.5 ⁇ 0.5 ° C.
- 40 g is measured with a syringe having a capacity of 60 mL, the tip of the syringe is inserted into the hole of the lid 23 in the cell set C, and the mixture is added into the cylinder 24 in about 6 seconds to start swelling of the water-absorbent resin 4. I let you. Then, after 2 minutes had elapsed from the start of addition of the 0.9 mass% sodium chloride aqueous solution, the mass of cell set C was measured, and this was designated as (B).
- the cell set C When the cell set C was moved from the filter paper 6 to an electronic balance or the like in the mass measurement, the cell set C was not disassembled and the structure as it was was maintained. Specifically, the outer wall portion of the cylinder 24 was grasped by hand and carried, and the lid 23, the piston 25, and the weight 22 set on the upper part of the piston 25 were not touched. At the time of mass measurement, the filter paper 6 on the glass filter 7 was replaced with an unused one in parallel. Then, after measuring the mass, the cell set C was placed again in the central portion of the unused filter paper 6, and the temperature was adjusted to 36.5 ⁇ 0.5 ° C. again in a 0.9 mass% sodium chloride aqueous solution (preferably). 40 g of Brilliant Blue FCF (Blue No.
- the amount of pressurized sapling acquired from the time when the second addition of the 0.9% by mass sodium chloride aqueous solution was started until 3 minutes passed was the amount of pressurized sapling acquired by the absorber for the second urination (unit: g). ), Calculated based on the following formula (5).
- the amount of pressurized fluid obtained by the absorber for the second urination is an evaluation of the ability of the absorber swollen by the first urination to absorb urine even under pressure for the second and subsequent urination. It is an index to urinate.
- Amount of pressurized fluid obtained by the absorber for the second urination (C)-(B) ... Equation (5)
- the amount of the pressurized liquor obtained from the time when the first addition of the 0.9% by mass sodium chloride aqueous solution was started until 2 minutes passed and the time when the second addition of the 0.9% by mass sodium chloride aqueous solution was started.
- the thickness (unit: mm) of the non-woven fabric used for measuring the amount of liquid under pressure obtained from the absorber was measured by the following measuring method. That is, the measurement was performed using a dial thickness gauge large type (thickness measuring instrument) (manufactured by Ozaki Seisakusho Co., Ltd., model number: JB, stylus: anvil top and bottom ⁇ 50 mm). The number of measurement points was 5 times at different points, and the measured value was an average value of 5 points. When measuring the thickness, the thickness was measured by slowly releasing the hand from the handle so that pressure was not applied to the non-woven fabric as much as possible.
- a dial thickness gauge large type thickness measuring instrument
- Non-woven fabric basis weight The basis weight (unit: g / m 2 ) of the non-woven fabric used when measuring the amount of liquid under pressure obtained from the absorber was measured by the following measuring method. That is, the mass of the non-woven fabric cut into a rectangle having a length of 10 cm or more and a width of 40 cm or more was measured, and the mass was divided by the area of the cut non-woven fabric to calculate the basis weight.
- the liquid diffusion area (unit: mm 2 ) of the non-woven fabric used when measuring the amount of liquid under pressure obtained from the absorber was measured by the following measuring method. That is, a stainless steel sieve having a diameter of 30 cm and a mesh having a mesh size of 2 mm and a wire diameter of 0.9 mm was placed on a horizontal laboratory table, and a non-woven fabric cut into 10 cm squares was placed on the mesh of the sieve. An injection needle with a diameter of 0.50 mm was attached to a syringe having a capacity of 1 mL, and 1.00 g of a 0.9 mass% sodium chloride aqueous solution containing 20 ppm of Brilliant Blue FCF (Blue No.
- the gel expansion force under pressure of 4.83 kPa is increased, and more preferably, the gel expansion force and the gel expansion rate are increased while maintaining the AAP value of the water-absorbent resin.
- the absorber using the water-absorbent resin has a conventional amount of pressurized sap liquid obtained even when the first urination is absorbed and then the second urination occurs (when the urine is further absorbed under pressure). Improves than. That is, the amount of pressurized liquid obtained for the second urination is improved as compared with the conventional case. In addition, the amount of total liquid obtained under pressure of the absorber for the first and second urination is also improved as compared with the conventional case.
- the water-absorbent resin of the comparative example has a low gel expansion force under a pressure of 4.83 kPa, and further has a low gel expansion force and a gel expansion rate. Is insufficient in the amount of pressurized fluid obtained for the second urination. In addition, the amount of total liquid obtained under pressure of the absorber for the first and second urination is also insufficient.
- One embodiment of the present invention includes the following aspects.
- An absorber characterized by containing a water-absorbent resin having a gel expansion force of 26 N or more under a pressure of 4.83 kPa.
- An absorbent article comprising the absorber according to [3] [1] or [2].
- a water-absorbent resin characterized by having a gel expansion force of 26 N or more under a pressure of 4.83 kPa.
- the saline flow inducibility (SFC) is 15 ( ⁇ 10-7 cm 3 ⁇ sec / g) or more and 55 ( ⁇ 10-7 cm 3 ⁇ sec / g) or less
- SFC saline flow inducibility
- the absorber according to the present invention When the absorber according to the present invention is used for an absorbent article such as a thin paper diaper having an absorber having a small ratio of fiber material such as pulp, the absorber is under pressure for the second and subsequent urination.
- the amount of liquid acquired is improved as compared with the conventional case, and as a result, the liquid acquisition function of the absorbent article such as the paper diaper is improved as compared with the conventional case.
- the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention is used as an absorbent material for an absorbent article such as a thin paper diaper having an absorbent body having a small ratio of fiber materials such as pulp, the water-absorbent resin 2
- the absorption ratio under pressure for the second and subsequent urinations is improved, and as a result, the amount of the absorbed solution obtained for the second and subsequent urinations is improved. Therefore, the absorbent body and the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention can be suitably used for absorbent articles such as thin paper diapers having a small ratio of fiber materials such as pulp.
- the absorbent body and the water-absorbent resin according to the present invention include various absorbent articles (sanitary napkins, incontinence pads, etc.) other than paper diapers, soil water-retaining agents for agriculture and horticulture, industrial water-stopping agents, and the like. It can also be suitably used for various purposes.
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Abstract
Description
[1-1]吸水性樹脂
本明細書において、「吸水性樹脂」とは、水膨潤性水不溶性の高分子ゲル化剤を意味し、一般的に粒子状である。また、「水膨潤性」とは、WSP241.3(10)で規定される無加圧下吸収倍率(CRC)が5g/g以上であることを意味し、「水不溶性」とは、WSP270.3(10)で規定される可溶分(Ext)が50質量%以下であることを意味する。尚、「CRC」は、Centrifuge Retention Capacity の略称であり、吸水性樹脂の無加圧下での吸収倍率を意味する。
本明細書において、「アクリル酸(塩)」とは、アクリル酸及び/又はその塩を意味し、「アクリル酸(塩)系単量体」とは、架橋剤を除く単量体全体に対して、アクリル酸(塩)を50モル%以上含む単量体を意味する。
する重合体である。
「EDANA」は、欧州不織布工業会(European Disposables and Nonwovens Associations)の略称である。また「WSP」は、Worldwide Strategic Partners の略称であり、EDANAが提供する、吸水性樹脂の世界標準の測定方法を示す。本明細書では、WSP原本(2010年改定)に準拠して、吸水性樹脂の物性を測定する。
本明細書において、「~酸(塩)」は「~酸及び/又はその塩」を意味し、「(メタ)アクリル」は「アクリル及び/又はメタクリル」を意味する。
本発明の一実施形態における吸水性樹脂は、4.83kPaの加圧下におけるゲル膨張力が26N以上である。以下、当該吸水性樹脂の好ましい製造方法の一例を説明する。
本工程は、アクリル酸(塩)を主成分として含む単量体、及び少なくとも1種類の重合性内部架橋剤を含む単量体水溶液を調製する工程である。尚、単量体のスラリー液を使用することもできるものの、本明細書では便宜上、単量体水溶液に関して説明することとする。
本発明において用いられる単量体としては、例えば、アクリル酸、(無水)マレイン酸、イタコン酸、ケイ皮酸、ビニルスルホン酸、アリルトルエンスルホン酸、ビニルトルエンスルホン酸、スチレンスルホン酸、2-(メタ)アクリルアミド-2-メチルプロパンスルホン酸、2-(メタ)アクリロイルオキシエタンスルホン酸、2-(メタ)アクリロイルオキシプロパンスルホン酸、2-ヒドロキシエチル(メタ)アクリロイルフォスフェート等のアニオン性不飽和単量体及び/又はその塩;メルカプタン基含有不飽和単量体;フェノール性水酸基含有不飽和単量体;(メタ)アクリルアミド、N-エチル(メタ)アクリルアミド、N,N-ジメチル(メタ)アクリルアミド等のアミド基含有不飽和単量体;N,N-ジメチルアミノエチル(メタ)アクリレート、N,N-ジメチルアミノプロピル(メタ)アクリレート、N,N-ジメチルアミノプロピル(メタ)アクリルアミド等のアミノ基含有不飽和単量体等が挙げられる。当該単量体には、水溶性又は疎水性の不飽和単量体が含まれる。これらの中でも、アクリル酸(塩)が好ましい。また、アクリル酸(塩)とその他の単量体を併用してもよい。この場合、アクリル酸(塩)の使用量は、架橋剤を除く単量体全体に対して、好ましくは50モル%以上、より好ましくは70モル%以上、さらに好ましくは90モル%以上、特に好ましくは実質100モル%である。
本発明においてアクリル酸(塩)系単量体を用いる場合、アクリル酸は塩基性化合物を用いて部分的に中和されていることが好ましい。即ち、本発明では、ポリアクリル酸の酸基が部分的に中和されている吸水性樹脂が好ましい。
本発明の好ましい製造方法においては、内部架橋剤が使用される。当該内部架橋剤としては、例えば、N,N’-メチレンビス(メタ)アクリルアミド、(ポリ)エチレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、(ポリ)プロピレングリコールジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパンジ(メタ)アクリレート、トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、グリセリントリ(メタ)アクリレート、グリセリンアクリレートメタクリレート、エチレンオキシド変性トリメチロールプロパントリ(メタ)アクリレート、ペンタエリスリトールテトラ(メタ)アクリレート、ジペンタエリスリトールヘキサ(メタ)アクリレート、トリアリルシアヌレート、トリアリルイソシアヌレート、トリアリルホスフェート、トリアリルアミン、ポリ(メタ)アリロキシアルカン、(ポリ)エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、グリセロールジグリシジルエーテル、エチレングリコール、ポリエチレングリコール、プロピレングリコール、グリセリン、ペンタエリスリトール、エチレンジアミン、ポリエチレンイミン、グリシジル(メタ)アクリレート等が挙げられる。これらの内部架橋剤の中から、反応性等を考慮して少なくとも1種類の内部架橋剤が選択される。
本発明では、前記単量体水溶液の作製時、前記重合反応及び架橋反応の期間中、又は前記重合反応及び架橋反応の後の何れか1ヵ所以上で、吸水性樹脂の物性向上の観点から、下記物質を単量体水溶液に添加することができる。
前述した各物質及び各成分(以下、「単量体成分」と表記する)を目的に応じて種々選択し、前記範囲を満たすようにそれぞれの量を規定して互いに混合することによって、単量体水溶液が作製される。尚、本発明では、単量体を水溶液とすること以外に、水と親水性溶媒との混合溶液とすることもできる。
単量体成分の濃度(質量%)=〔(単量体成分の質量)/(単量体水溶液の質量)〕×100 …式(A)
尚、前記式(A)中、「単量体水溶液の質量」には、グラフト成分や吸水性樹脂、逆相懸濁重合における疎水性有機溶媒の質量は含まれない。
本工程は、単量体水溶液を重合させて含水ゲル状架橋重合体(以下、単に「含水ゲル」と表記する)を得る工程である。好ましくは前記単量体水溶液の調製工程で得られた、アクリル酸(塩)を主成分として含む単量体及び少なくとも1種類の重合性内部架橋剤を含む単量体水溶液を重合させて、含水ゲルを得る工程である。
本発明で用いられる重合開始剤としては、重合させるモノマーの種類や重合条件等に合わせて、通常の吸水性樹脂の製造において利用されている重合開始剤の中から1種又は2種以上選択して使用することができる。重合開始剤としては、例えば、熱分解型開始剤や光分解型開始剤が挙げられる。
本発明に適用される重合形態としては、水溶液重合、逆相懸濁重合、噴霧重合、液滴重合、バルク重合、沈澱重合等が挙げられる。中でも、重合の制御の容易性や吸水性樹脂の吸水性能の観点から、好ましくは水溶液重合又は逆相懸濁重合、より好ましくは水溶液重合、さらに好ましくは連続水溶液重合が選択される。逆相懸濁重合は国際公開第2007/004529号、国際公開第2012/023433号等に記載されている。また連続水溶液重合は、吸水性樹脂を高い生産性で製造することができ、米国特許第4893999号、米国特許第6906159号、米国特許第7091253号、米国特許第7741400号、米国特許第8519212号、特開2005-36100号公報等に記載された連続ベルト重合や、米国特許第6987151号等に記載された連続ニーダー重合が挙げられる。
尚、これら重合形態は、それぞれ単独で実施してもよいし、2つ以上を併用して実施してもよい。
本工程は、前記重合工程の途中、及び/又は、重合工程後に実施される、含水ゲルを粉砕する工程である。具体的には、前記重合工程において含水ゲルを粉砕してもよく、前記重合工程後に含水ゲルを粉砕してもよい。即ち、本工程は、含水ゲルをゲル粉砕して粒子状の含水ゲル(以下、「粒子状含水ゲル」と表記する)を得る工程である。尚、後述する粉砕工程での「粉砕」と区別するために、本工程は「ゲル粉砕」と表記する。また、ゲル粉砕の対象は前記重合工程で得られた含水ゲルだけでなく、特に言及しない限り、後述するリサイクルされた造粒ゲルが含まれている場合がある。他の工程も特に言及しない限り、同様の趣旨である。
GGE[J/g]={√3×電圧×電流×力率×モーター効率}/
{1秒間にゲル粉砕機に投入される含水ゲルの質量} …式(I)
前記「力率」及び「モーター効率」は、ゲル粉砕装置の稼動条件等によって変化する装置固有の値であり、0以上、1以下までの値を採る。これらの値は、装置メーカー等への問い合わせ等で知ることができる。また、ゲル粉砕装置が単相交流電力で駆動する場合、GGEは、前記式(I)中の「√3」を「1」に変更して算出することができる。尚、電圧の単位は[V]、電流の単位は[A]、含水ゲルの質量の単位は[g/s]である。
本工程は、ゲル粉砕された含水ゲルを乾燥する工程であり、具体的には、前記粒子状含水ゲル、又は造粒ゲルを添加した場合には造粒ゲルと粒子状含水ゲルの両方を、所望する固形分まで乾燥させて乾燥重合体を得る工程である。当該固形分、即ち、前記ゲル100質量%から含水率を引いた値は、好ましくは80質量%以上、より好ましくは85質量%以上、さらに好ましくは90質量%以上、特に好ましくは92質量%以上であって、好ましくは99質量%以下、さらに好ましくは98質量%以下、特に好ましくは97質量%以下である。乾燥重合体の固形分を前記範囲内とすることで、粉砕や分級、表面架橋を効率的に実施することができる。尚、本明細書において「乾燥が完了」とは、固形分が80質量%に到達した状態を指す。ところで、本工程では乾燥重合体がブロック状になっており、さらにブロックの上下、中央/端で含水率が異なっている場合がある。この場合には、様々な位置から乾燥重合体を適宜取得し、必要により砕いてから含水率を測定して平均すればよい。
本発明において使用される乾燥機は、連続式又はバッチ式の何れの方式でも構わないものの、生産効率の観点から、連続式の通気バンド乾燥機がより好ましい。当該連続式の通気バンド式乾燥機によって被乾燥物を乾燥する場合、被乾燥物がバンド乾燥機のバンド上で層状(以下、「ゲル層」と表記する)となるように連続的に供給し、熱風乾燥される。この乾燥機のバンドの幅は、好ましくは0.5m以上、より好ましくは1m以上であって、好ましくは10m以下、より好ましくは5m以下である。バンドの長さは、好ましくは20m以上、より好ましくは40m以上であって、好ましくは100m以下、より好ましくは50m以下である。
粉砕工程は、乾燥後の重合体を粉砕する工程であり、分級工程は、粉砕された重合体から微粉を取り除く工程である。具体的には、前記乾燥工程を経て得られる乾燥重合体を、粉砕工程で粉砕し、所望する範囲の粒度に分級工程で調整して、吸水性樹脂を得る工程である。乾燥後の粉砕工程を経ることで、不定形破砕状の吸水性樹脂を得ることができる。
また、これら粉砕機を複数併用することもできる。
本工程は、必要に応じて前述した各工程を経て得られる表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂の表面層に、さらに架橋密度の高い部分を設ける工程であり、混合工程、熱処理工程、冷却工程等を含む構成となっている。当該表面架橋工程において、表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂の表面でラジカル架橋や表面重合、表面架橋剤との架橋反応等が起こり、表面架橋された吸水性樹脂が得られる。
本工程は、表面架橋剤を含む溶液(以下、「表面架橋剤溶液」と表記する)を混合装置内で表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂と混合することで、加湿混合物を得る工程である。
本発明においては、表面架橋時に表面架橋剤が使用される。当該表面架橋剤としては、例えば、米国特許第7183456号に記載された表面架橋剤が挙げられる。これら表面架橋剤の中から、反応性等を考慮して少なくとも1種類の表面架橋剤が選択される。また、表面架橋剤の取り扱い性や吸水性樹脂の吸水性能等の観点から、好ましくはカルボキシル基と反応する官能基を2つ以上有する表面架橋剤であって、共有結合が形成される有機化合物が選択される。
この場合、水の使用量は、表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂100質量部に対して、好ましくは0.1質量部以上、より好ましくは0.3質量部以上、さらに好ましくは0.5質量部以上であって、好ましくは20質量部以下、より好ましくは15質量部以下、さらに好ましくは10質量部以下である。水の使用量を当該範囲内とすることで、表面架橋剤溶液の取り扱い性が向上し、表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂に対して表面架橋剤を均等に混合することができる。
前記表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂と前記表面架橋剤溶液との混合は、表面架橋剤溶液を予め作製しておき、当該溶液を表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂に対して、好ましくは噴霧又は滴下して、より好ましくは噴霧して混合する方法が選択される。
本工程は、前記混合工程で得られた加湿混合物に熱を加えて、表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂の表面上で架橋反応させる工程である。前記加湿混合物の熱処理は、当該加湿混合物を静置状態で加熱してもよく、攪拌等の動力を用いて流動状態で加熱してもよいものの、加湿混合物全体を均等に加熱できる点において、攪拌下で加熱することが好ましい。前記熱処理を行う熱処理装置は、前記観点から、パドルドライヤー、マルチフィンプロセッサー、タワードドライヤー等が挙げられる。
本工程は、前記熱処理工程後に、必要に応じて設けられる任意の工程である。本工程は、前記熱処理工程を終えた高温の吸水性樹脂を所定の温度まで強制冷却し、表面架橋反応を速やかに終了させる工程である。
本発明においては、前述した工程以外に、必要に応じて以下の添加剤(表面改質剤、その他の添加剤)を吸水性樹脂に添加する工程を実施することができる。
[2-7-1]表面改質剤
表面改質剤は、吸水性樹脂の粒子表面を改質する目的で添加される添加剤で、具体的には、通液性向上剤、吸湿下のAnti-Caking 剤、粉体の流れ制御剤、吸水性樹脂のバインダー等が挙げられる。特に通液性向上の観点から、多価金属塩、カチオン性ポリマー、無機微粒子よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種類の化合物を使用することができ、必要に応じて2種類以上を併用することができる。前記表面改質剤の添加量は、選択される化合物に応じて、適宜設定される。表面改質剤の添加工程は、吸水性樹脂の粒子表面を改質する目的から、好ましくは重合工程以降、より好ましくは乾燥工程以降、さらに好ましくは表面架橋工程以降に行われる。また、表面改質剤の添加は、任意の1以上の工程で行うことができる。
多価金属塩を使用する場合、多価金属塩の多価金属カチオンは、好ましくは2価以上、より好ましくは2価以上、好ましくは4価以下、さらに好ましくは3価又は4価である。また、使用できる多価金属としては、アルミニウム、ジルコニウム等が挙げられる。従って、本工程で使用することができる多価金属塩としては、乳酸アルミニウム、乳酸ジルコニウム、硫酸アルミニウム、硫酸ジルコニウム等が挙げられる。中でも、食塩水流れ誘導性(SFC)の向上効果の観点から、乳酸アルミニウム又は硫酸アルミニウムがより好ましく、硫酸アルミニウムがさらに好ましい。
カチオン性ポリマーを使用する場合、当該カチオン性ポリマーとしては、米国特許第7098284号に記載されている物質が挙げられる。中でも、通液性向上の観点から、ビニルアミンポリマーがより好ましい。また、カチオン性ポリマーの質量平均分子量は、5000以上、1000000以下が好ましい。
無機微粒子を使用する場合、無機微粒子としては、米国特許第7638570号に記載されている物質が挙げられる。中でも、通液性向上の観点から、二酸化ケイ素が好ましい。また、加圧下吸収倍率と吸湿流動性のバランスの観点から、無機微粒子としてハイドロタルサイト、リン酸カルシウム、および、水酸化アルミニウムが好ましい。
また、前記無機微粒子は、一次粒子径が20nm以上である場合、吸水性樹脂100質量部に対して、好ましくは0質量部以上であって、好ましくは2.0質量部未満、より好ましくは1.5質量部未満、さらに好ましくは1.0質量部未満となるように添加すればよい。
その他の添加剤としては、キレート剤、還元剤、ヒドロキシカルボン酸化合物、界面活性剤、リン原子を有する化合物、酸化剤、金属石鹸等の有機粉末、消臭剤、抗菌剤、パルプや熱可塑性繊維、テルペン系芳香性化合物、フェノール系芳香性化合物等の芳香性物質等が挙げられ、これらは1つ又は2つ以上を使用することができる。その他の添加剤としては、好ましくはキレート剤、より好ましくはアミノ多価カルボン酸又はアミノ多価燐酸が好ましく、具体的には、特開平11-060975号公報、国際公開第2007/004529号パンフレット、国際公開第2011/126079号パンフレット、国際公開第2012/023433号パンフレット、特表2009-509722号公報、特開2005-097519号公報、特開2011-074401号公報、特開2013-076073号公報、特開2013-213083号公報、特開昭59-105448号公報、特開昭60-158861号公報、特開平11-241030号公報、特開平2-41155号公報等に記載のキレート剤が挙げられる。
添加剤を吸水性樹脂に添加する場合、当該添加剤が液体、又は水等の水性媒体の溶液のときには、当該液体又は溶液を吸水性樹脂に対して噴霧し、十分なトルクをかけて吸水性樹脂と添加剤とを均一かつ確実に混合することが好ましい。一方、前記添加剤が粉状等の固体である場合には、吸水性樹脂とドライブレンドしてもよく、水等の水性液体をバインダーとして使用してもよい。
本発明においては、前述した工程以外に、必要に応じて整粒工程を実施することができる。整粒工程とは、前記表面架橋工程を経て得られる表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂を所望の範囲の粒度に調整して最終製品として出荷可能な状態にある吸水性樹脂を得る工程である。
但し、表面架橋工程前に粉砕工程及び分級工程が無い場合は、表面架橋工程後の後述の操作を粉砕工程、分級工程とする。整粒工程での粒度調製方法は、前記分級工程と同様の調製方法を採用することができる。さらに、前記表面架橋工程や表面改質剤の添加工程で吸水性樹脂が凝集した場合に、解砕、例えば軽い粉砕を行ってもよい。また、粒度調整後の粒度分布も用途に応じて適宜調整することができ、好ましくは前記分級工程と同定度である。従って、所望の質量平均粒子径(D50)、当該質量平均粒子径(D50)の割合、及び対数標準偏差等を満足するように篩等による分級等を行えばよい。
本発明においては、前述した工程以外に、必要に応じて微粉リサイクルの工程を実施することができる。本工程(微粉リサイクル工程)は、前記分級工程で取り除かれた微粉を前記乾燥工程の乾燥が完了する以前にリサイクルする工程である。詳細には、前記吸水性樹脂の製造工程において得られる微粉を、前記製造工程、好ましくは前記乾燥工程以前にリサイクルして吸水性樹脂を製造する工程である。
本工程は、前記取り除かれた微粉と水性液を混合して造粒ゲルを得る工程である。造粒ゲルとは、光学顕微鏡によって観察したとき個々の粒子が複数集まって凝集又は融着して大きな粒子状となっているゲルであり、好ましくは分級操作や搬送操作によって損壊しない程度の強度を有するゲルである。
本発明においては、吸水性樹脂の製造において得られる全ての微粉を対象とするものの、好ましくは前記分級工程、より好ましくは前記分級工程及び前記整粒工程で取り除かれた微粉を対象とし、当該微粉に水性液を添加して造粒する。分級工程から取り除かれた微粉と整粒工程から取り除かれた微粉の混合比率(質量比)は、好ましくは99:1~50:50、より好ましくは98:2~60:40、さらに好ましくは95:5~70:30である。整粒工程で取り除かれた微粉は、表面架橋工程、場合によっては表面架橋工程に加えて、前述した「表面改質剤」に記載した表面改質剤の添加工程を経ているので、造粒工程に所定比率含まれていると、造粒ゲルの凝集性が低減して有利である。さらに、本発明では例えば、各製造工程中のバグフィルター等で取り除かれた微粉を造粒に用いてもよく、また、別々の工程で取り除かれて得られた微粉や別の製造過程(別の製造装置)で取り除かれて得られた微粉を混合して用いることもできる。また、微粉は、共に乾燥する含水ゲルと同じ組成であってもよいし、異なる組成であってもよいものの、共に乾燥する含水ゲルに由来する同一組成の微粉を用いることが好ましい。
微粉との混合に用いる水性液としては、具体的には、水、メチルアルコール、エチルアルコール、n-プロピルアルコール、イソプロピルアルコール、n-ブチルアルコール、イソブチルアルコール、t-ブチルアルコール等の低級アルコール類;アセトン等のケトン類;ジオキサン、テトラヒドロフラン等のエーテル類;N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド等のアミド類;ジメチルスルホキシド等のスルホキシド類等を含んだ水溶液等が挙げられる。水性液は、物性や造粒強度の面から、好ましくは90質量%以上、より好ましくは99質量%以上であって、好ましくは100質量%以下の範囲内が水であることが好ましく、水のみからなることが特に好ましい。また、前記水性液には、本発明の効果を損なわない範囲で、架橋剤、キレート剤、界面活性剤、重合開始剤、酸化剤、還元剤、親水性高分子等の他の添加剤を少量含有させることもできる。添加剤は、1種、或いは2種以上添加してもよく、2種以上添加する場合の異同は問わない。例えば、重合工程に記載された重合開始剤や還元剤を添加した水性液を使用することで、造粒ゲルと含水ゲルの残存モノマーを低減することができる。好ましい重合開始剤は、過硫酸塩、好ましい還元剤は、(重)亜硫酸(塩)である。例えば、酸化剤を添加した水性液を使用することで、造粒ゲルを乾燥したときの、吸収倍率等の物性の低下を抑えることができる場合がある。好ましい酸化剤は、亜塩素酸塩、次亜塩素酸塩、過酸化物から選ばれる少なくとも1つの酸化剤であり、より好ましくは、過酸化水素である。例えば、界面活性剤を添加した水性液を使用することで、造粒ゲルに界面活性剤を含有させることができ、当該造粒ゲル同士の凝集を効果的に抑制することができる。界面活性剤としては、アニオン性界面活性剤、ノニオン性界面活性剤、カチオン性界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤が例示される。また、架橋剤や親水性高分子を添加した水性液を使用することで、当該造粒ゲルの凝集強度を高くし、後工程での再微粉化を抑制することができる。前記架橋剤は、前述した内部架橋剤及び表面架橋剤から、前記親水性高分子は、前述した単量体水溶液に添加される親水性高分子から、それぞれ選択される。
本発明では、前記何れの実施形態においても、水性液と微粉との混合に用いる混合装置は特に限定されない。例えば容器固定型混合機であれば、機械攪拌型混合機が好ましい。
具体的にはタービューライザー(ホソカワミクロン社製)、レディゲミキサー(レディゲ社製)、及びモルタルミキサー(西日本試験機社製)等が例示される。また、混合には、バッチ式混合機及び連続式混合機の何れを用いてもよい。
高速混合することで巨大なゲル状物の生成を抑制できるため、巨大なゲル状物が生成した場合に必要になる巨大な混合力が不要となり、またゲル状の塊が混練状態となって主鎖の切断や絡まり等が発生し、その結果、吸水性樹脂が劣化するという問題を回避することができる。
吸水性樹脂の各製造工程は連結されていることが好ましい。各工程の連結の全てに輸送工程が必要とは限らないものの、例えば前記造粒工程で得られた造粒ゲルをリサイクルするときに所定の添加位置まで輸送する工程を含むことができる。
従って、造粒ゲルを輸送する場合、製造された造粒ゲルの温度を、好ましくは維持、より好ましくは混合する含水ゲルの温度と同程度に加熱及び/又は保温することである。
本工程は、前記乾燥工程で乾燥が完了するまでの、前記重合工程~乾燥工程の少なくとも1つの工程、及び/又は工程間で、含水ゲルに造粒ゲルを添加する工程である。具体的には、前記重合工程中、前記重合工程後であって前記ゲル粉砕工程前、前記ゲル粉砕工程中、前記ゲル粉砕工程後であって前記乾燥工程前、及び、前記乾燥工程中よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1工程以上で、含水ゲルに造粒ゲルを添加することが好ましい。尚、前記重合工程中でも含水ゲルが得られるため、当該重合工程中に造粒ゲルを添加してもよい。また、ゲル粉砕する工程において、含水ゲルに造粒ゲルを添加してゲル粉砕機に供給してもよい。乾燥工程において、固形分が80質量%未満である重合体は、通常、含水ゲルと見なすことができる。即ち、乾燥工程の途中までは含水ゲルが存在するため、当該乾燥工程中に造粒ゲルを添加してもよい。好ましくは前記ゲル粉砕工程後であって前記乾燥工程前、又は、前記乾燥工程中、より好ましくはゲル粉砕工程後であって乾燥工程前の含水ゲルに、造粒ゲルを添加する。このように粉砕後の含水ゲルに造粒ゲルを添加すると、両者の粒度差が小さいため混合し易く、乾燥が不均一になり難い。特に、ゲル粉砕エネルギーを制御した粉砕を行うと含水ゲルが造粒形状となるため、不均一な乾燥をより一層抑制することができる。尚、「工程前」、「工程後」とは、当該工程前、或いは当該工程後の全ての工程を含む。即ち、当該工程前、或いは当該工程後の全ての工程を含むとは、工程間の輸送工程や貯蔵工程等、任意の工程において造粒ゲルを添加してもよいことを意味する。例えばゲル粉砕工程後とは、ゲル粉砕工程から次工程に輸送される間、及び次工程を含む。
本発明では造粒ゲルを含水ゲルに添加する。そのときの当該造粒ゲルの温度、及び当該含水ゲルの温度は、何れも50℃以上、100℃以下の範囲内であり、好ましくは55℃以上、より好ましくは60℃以上であって、好ましくは95℃以下、より好ましくは90℃以下である。このような温度範囲内であれば、両者の良好な混合状態が得られる。造粒ゲルや含水ゲルの温度が50℃を下回ると、前述したように造粒ゲルが硬くなったり、含水ゲルと造粒ゲルとを混合すると凝集物を形成したりすることがある。即ち、混合時に凝集物が形成されると、さらに含水ゲルや造粒ゲルがくっついてより巨大な凝集物が形成されて混合状態が不良となる。また、混合できたとしても、乾燥するときに凝集物が存在すると、乾燥不良、即ち未乾燥物を生じ易い。また、当該凝集物を所望の含水率になるまで加熱を継続して乾燥させると、既に乾燥している他の造粒ゲルや含水ゲルは過乾燥状態となり、熱劣化して可溶分が増加する等、吸水性樹脂の品質が劣化する。このような問題は、一方の温度が50℃以上、他方の温度が50℃未満の場合でも生じる。一方、造粒ゲルや含水ゲルの温度が100℃を超えると、ゲル表面が乾燥してしまい、ゲルがかえって硬くなることがある。
(機械的な混合)
本発明では、造粒ゲルと含水ゲルを前記温度範囲に制御することにより、含水ゲルに造粒ゲルを添加するときの僅かな衝撃や自重等によって含水ゲルと造粒ゲルがほぐれて僅かに混ざり合う。本発明ではさらに、前記造粒ゲル添加工程から乾燥工程で乾燥が完了するまでの少なくとも1つの工程、及び/又は工程間で、含水ゲルと添加した造粒ゲルを機械的に混合することも好ましい実施態様である。本発明では、前述したように、造粒ゲルを乾燥工程が完了する以前の含水ゲルに添加するものの、何れの時期で添加した場合でも造粒ゲルと含水ゲルは混合状態で乾燥される。そして、造粒ゲルと含水ゲルが均一に存在する状態であれば、未乾燥物の発生をより一層抑制することができる。ここで、「均一に存在する」とは、造粒ゲルと含水ゲルが攪拌された混合状態、或いは単位面積当たりの割合が略同一になるように均等に散布された状態を指す。尚、本発明の効果を発揮するために、造粒ゲルを含水ゲルに添加してから機械的に混合を始めるまでの時間は、好ましくは5分間以内、より好ましくは2分間以内、さらに好ましくは1分間以内である。また、造粒工程から機械的に混合を始めるまでの時間は、好ましくは10分間以内、より好ましくは5分間以内、さらに好ましくは2分間以内である。機械的に混合を開始する時点でも、造粒ゲルが添加された含水ゲルの温度は、50℃以上、100℃以下の範囲内であり、好ましくは55℃以上、より好ましくは60℃以上であって、好ましくは95℃以下、より好ましくは90℃以下である。
当該攪拌方法を行う装置としては、それぞれ回転攪拌装置、首振りベルト式フィーダー、振り子式コンベアが例示される。
再添加工程(造粒後の造粒ゲルを含水ゲルに添加する工程)における前記条件において、本発明ではさらに、造粒ゲルの固形分と含水ゲルの固形分が適切に制御されていることが好ましい。即ち、造粒ゲルや含水ゲルの固形分が少なくなりすぎると(言い換えれば、ゲル100%に対する含水率が高くなりすぎると)、部分的に乾燥が不完全となったり、凝集物が生成し易くなったりする。本発明では、造粒ゲルの固形分及び/又は含水ゲルの固形分は、適切な範囲内であることが望ましい。含水ゲルの固形分は、好ましくは30質量%以上、より好ましくは45質量%以上であって、好ましくは70質量%以下、より好ましくは55質量%以下、さらに好ましくは50質量%以下である。造粒ゲルの固形分は、好ましくは50質量%以上、より好ましくは55質量%以上、さらに好ましくは60質量%以上であって、好ましくは90質量%以下、より好ましくは85質量%以下、さらに好ましくは80質量%以下である。好ましい条件として、造粒ゲルと含水ゲルの温度が前記の範囲内である上で、これらのゲルの固形分が前記の範囲内の条件である。また別の好ましい条件として、再添加工程における造粒ゲルの固形分が前記の範囲内である上で、ゲル粉砕工程におけるゲル粉砕エネルギーが前記の範囲内の条件である。
本発明においては、前述した工程以外に、必要に応じて輸送工程、貯蔵工程、梱包工程、保管工程等から選択される少なくとも1種類の工程をさらに含んでいてもよい。
前述した各種工程を行うことにより、本発明に係る吸水性樹脂が得られる。即ち、加圧下におけるゲル膨張力及び加圧下におけるゲル膨張速度が何れも大きい吸水性樹脂が得られる。
本発明に係る吸水性樹脂の用途としては、特に限定されないが、紙オムツ等の吸収性物品の吸収体に使用されることが好ましく、薄型の紙オムツ等の吸収性物品に用いられる吸水性樹脂の質量比率が大きい吸収体に使用されることがより好ましい。
本発明に係る吸収体の用途としては、特に限定されないが、紙オムツ等の吸収性物品に使用されることが好ましく、薄型の紙オムツ等の吸収性物品に使用されることがより好ましい。
(単量体水溶液の調製工程)
容量2Lのポリプロピレン製の容器に、アクリル酸422.0質量部、48.5質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液173.9質量部、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(平均分子量:523)2.5質量部、1.0質量%ジエチレントリアミン5酢酸・3ナトリウム水溶液2.6質量部、及び脱イオン水403.3質量部を投入し、混合することで単量体水溶液を調製した。当該単量体水溶液の液温は、前記混合の過程で発生した中和熱及び溶解熱によって、40℃を超えていた。
次に、前記単量体水溶液を攪拌しながら冷却し、液温が40℃となった時点で、40℃に調温した48.5質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液178.7質量部を、大気開放状態で約20秒間掛けて前記単量体水溶液に投入し、混合した(二段目の中和を開始)。これにより、単量体水溶液(1)を調製した。このとき、前記単量体水溶液(1)の液温は、前記混合の過程で発生した中和熱及び溶解熱によって、約78℃まで上昇していた。また、前記単量体水溶液に前記水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を混合し始めた直後は、析出物が観察されたものの、次第に溶解して、調製された単量体水溶液(1)は透明な均一溶液となった。
次に、前記重合反応で得られた含水ゲル(1)を、1個当たりの質量が60g程度となるように切断した後、ミートチョッパー(HL-G22SN、プレート孔径6.0mm/レマコム株式会社製)を用いてゲル粉砕し、粒子状含水ゲル(1)を得た。前記含水ゲル(1)の投入量は凡そ360g/分であり、当該含水ゲル(1)の投入と並行して、90℃に調温した脱イオン水を25g/分でミートチョッパーに添加しながらゲル粉砕を行った。
次に、前記粒子状含水ゲル(1)を目開き300μmの金網上に広げて載せ、熱風乾燥機に入れた。その後、190℃の熱風を30分間通気させることで粒子状含水ゲル(1)を乾燥させ、乾燥重合体(1)を得た。当該乾燥重合体(1)中に未乾燥物はなかった。
次に、前記乾燥重合体(1)をロールミル(WML型ロール粉砕機/有限会社井ノ口技研社製)に投入して粉砕した後、目開き710μm及び150μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。この操作によって、目開き710μmの篩を通過し、目開き15
0μmの篩上に残留した不定形破砕状の表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(1)を得た。
次に、前記表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(1)100質量部に対して、エチレンカーボネート0.4質量部、プロピレングリコール0.7質量部、脱イオン水2.9質量部、及びポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタンモノステアレート(花王株式会社製)0.001質量部からなる表面架橋剤水溶液を噴霧添加して均一に混合した。その後、得られた混合物を200℃で40分間、加熱処理することで表面架橋を行った。次いで、当該混合物を、目開き710μm及び150μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。この操作によって、目開き710μmの篩を通過し、目開き150μmの篩上に残留した表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂(1)を得た。表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂(1)の諸物性を表2に示す。尚、当該吸水性樹脂(1)の初期色調として、WI値は52.4であった。
実施例1において使用する表面架橋剤水溶液を、1,6-ヘキサンジオール0.2質量部、トリエチレングリコール0.6質量部、脱イオン水2.6質量部、及びポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタンモノステアレート(花王株式会社製)0.001質量部からなる表面架橋剤水溶液に変更した以外は、実施例1の操作と同様の操作を行って、表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂(2)を得た。表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂(2)の諸物性を表2に示す。
実施例1においてゲル粉砕工程を行うときに添加する脱イオン水の添加量を、50g/分に変更した以外は、実施例1の操作と同様の操作を行って、粒子状含水ゲル(3)を得た。
次に、前記粒子状含水ゲル(3)を目開き300μmの金網上に広げて載せ、熱風乾燥機に入れた。その後、190℃の熱風を30分間通気させることで粒子状含水ゲル(3)を乾燥させ、乾燥重合体(3)を得た。当該乾燥重合体(3)中に未乾燥物はなかった。
次に、前記乾燥重合体(3)をロールミル(WML型ロール粉砕機/有限会社井ノ口技研社製)に投入して粉砕した後、目開き710μm及び150μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。この操作によって、目開き710μmの篩を通過し、目開き150μmの篩上に残留した不定形破砕状の表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(3)と、目開き150μmの篩を通過した微粉(3-1)とを得た。
次に、前記表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(3)100質量部に対して、エチレンカーボネート0.4質量部、プロピレングリコール0.7質量部、脱イオン水2.9質量部、及びポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタンモノステアレート(花王株式会社製)0.001質量部からなる表面架橋剤水溶液を噴霧添加して均一に混合した。その後、得られた混合物を200℃で40分間、加熱処理することで表面架橋を行った。次いで、当該混合物を、目開き710μm及び150μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。この操作によって、目開き710μmの篩を通過し、目開き150μmの篩上に残留した表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂(3)と、目開き150μmの篩を通過した微粉(3-2)とを得た。
次に、前記微粉(3-1)と微粉(3-2)とを17:3(w:w)の質量割合で混合し、微粉(3-3)とした。当該微粉(3-3)のD50(質量平均粒子径)は85μmであった。次いで、前記微粉(3-3)60質量部を70℃に加熱した後、フードプロセッサー(MK-K48P/Panasonic 製)に投入し、80℃に調温した脱イオン水49質量部を攪拌しながら加え、30秒間混合することで造粒ゲル(3-3)を得た。
次に、前記造粒ゲル(3-3)80質量部を、造粒開始から1分間経過後に、前述の操作を再度行って作製した粒子状含水ゲル(3)320質量部に加えた。その後直ちに、80℃に加熱しておいたモルタルミキサー(西日本試験機社製)で10秒間混合し、混合ゲル(3-4)を得た。尚、前記モルタルミキサーで混合する直前の造粒ゲル(3-3)及び粒子状含水ゲル(3)の温度は、それぞれ55℃,50℃であった。また、前記モルタルミキサーにおける造粒ゲル(3-3)及び粒子状含水ゲル(3)の混合性は、良好であった。
次に、前記混合ゲル(3-4)を目開き300μmの金網上に広げて載せ、熱風乾燥機に入れた。その後、190℃の熱風を30分間通気させることで混合ゲル(3-4)を乾燥させ、乾燥重合体(3-4)を得た。当該乾燥重合体(3-4)中に未乾燥物はなかった。
次に、前記乾燥重合体(3-4)をロールミル(WML型ロール粉砕機/有限会社井ノ口技研社製)に投入して粉砕した後、目開き710μm及び150μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。この操作によって、目開き710μmの篩を通過し、目開き150μmの篩上に残留した不定形破砕状の表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(3-4)を得た。
次に、前記表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(3-4)100質量部に対して、エチレンカーボネート0.4質量部、プロピレングリコール0.7質量部、脱イオン水2.9質量部、及びポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタンモノステアレート(花王株式会社製)0.001質量部からなる表面架橋剤水溶液を噴霧添加して均一に混合した。その後、得られた混合物を200℃で40分間、加熱処理することで表面架橋を行った。次いで、当該混合物を、目開き710μm及び150μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。この操作によって、目開き710μmの篩を通過し、目開き150μmの篩上に残留した表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂(3-4)を得た。表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂(3-4)の諸物性を表2に示す。
実施例3において使用する表面架橋剤水溶液を、1,6-ヘキサンジオール0.2質量
部、トリエチレングリコール0.6質量部、脱イオン水2.6質量部、及びポリオキシ
エチレン(20)ソルビタンモノステアレート(花王株式会社製)0.001質量部からなる表面架橋剤水溶液に変更した以外は、実施例3の操作と同様の操作を行って、表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂(4-4)を得た。表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂(4-4)の諸物性を表2に示す。
(単量体水溶液の調製工程)
容量2Lのポリプロピレン製の容器に、アクリル酸421.7質量部、48.5質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液140.4質量部、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(平均分子量:523)2.4質量部、1.0質量%ジエチレントリアミン5酢酸・3ナトリウム水溶液11.3質量部、及び脱イオン水390.3質量部を投入し、混合することで単量体水溶液を調製した。当該単量体水溶液の液温は、前記混合の過程で発生した中和熱及び溶解熱によって、40℃を超えていた。
次に、前記単量体水溶液を攪拌しながら冷却し、液温が38.3℃となった時点で、1.0質量%ポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタンモノステアレート(花王株式会社製)水溶液4.4質量部を加えた。さらに、液温が38.0℃となった時点で、40℃に調温した48.5質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液211.9質量部を、大気開放状態で約20秒間掛けて前記単量体水溶液に投入し、混合した(二段目の中和を開始)。これにより、単量体水溶液(1’)を調製した。このとき、前記単量体水溶液(1’)の液温は、前記混合の過程で発生した中和熱及び溶解熱によって、約81℃まで上昇していた。また、前記単量体水溶液に前記水酸化ナトリウム水溶液を混合し始めた直後は、析出物が観察されたものの、次第に溶解して、調製された単量体水溶液(1’)は透明な均一溶液となった。
次に、前記重合反応で得られた含水ゲル(1’)を、1個当たりの質量が60g程度となるように切断した後、ミートチョッパー(HL-G22SN、プレート孔径6.0mm/レマコム株式会社製)を用いてゲル粉砕し、粒子状含水ゲル(1’)を得た。前記含水ゲル(1’)の投入量は凡そ230g/分であり、当該含水ゲル(1’)の投入と並行して、90℃に調温した脱イオン水を50g/分でミートチョッパーに添加しながらゲル粉砕を行った。
次に、前記粒子状含水ゲル(1’)を目開き300μmの金網上に広げて載せ、熱風乾燥機に入れた。その後、180℃の熱風を30分間通気させることで粒子状含水ゲル(1’)を乾燥させ、乾燥重合体(1’)を得た。当該乾燥重合体(1’)中に未乾燥物はなかった。
次に、前記乾燥重合体(1’)をロールミル(WML型ロール粉砕機/有限会社井ノ口技研社製)に投入して粉砕した後、目開き710μm及び45μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。この操作によって、目開き710μmの篩を通過し、目開き45μmの篩上に残留した不定形破砕状の表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(1’)を得た。
次に、前記表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(1’)100質量部に対して、エチレンカーボネート0.3質量部、プロピレングリコール0.6質量部、脱イオン水3.0質量部、及びポリオキシエチレン(20)ソルビタンモノステアレート(花王株式会社製)0.001質量部からなる表面架橋剤水溶液を噴霧添加して均一に混合した。その後、得られた混合物を208℃で40分間、加熱処理することで表面架橋を行った。次いで、当該混合物を、目開き710μm及び45μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。この操作によって、目開き710μmの篩を通過し、目開き45μmの篩上に残留した表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂(1’)を得た。表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂(1’)の諸物性を表2に示す。
(単量体水溶液の調製工程)
容量2Lのポリプロピレン製の容器に、アクリル酸404.7質量部、48.5質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液344.6質量部、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(平均分子量:523)2.2質量部、及び脱イオン水405.6質量部を投入し、混合することで単量体水溶液(2’)を調製した。当該単量体水溶液(2’)の液温は、前記混合の過程で発生した中和熱及び溶解熱によって、90℃を超えていた。
次に、前記単量体水溶液(2’)の液温を90℃に保ち、攪拌しながら、3.2質量%過硫酸ナトリウム水溶液22.2質量部を加えた。その後、直ちに、ステンレス製のバット型容器(底面340×340mm、高さ25mm、内面:テフロン(登録商標)コーティング)に、当該単量体水溶液(2’)を大気開放状態で流し込んだ。尚、当該バット型容器は、ホットプレート(NEO HOTPLATE HI-1000/株式会社井内盛栄堂社製)を用いて、表面温度が50℃となるまで加熱した。
次に、前記重合反応で得られた含水ゲル(2’)を、1個当たりの質量が60g程度となるように切断した後、ミートチョッパー(HL-G22SN、プレート孔径8.0mm/レマコム株式会社製)を用いてゲル粉砕し、粒子状含水ゲル(2’)を得た。前記含水ゲル(2’)の投入量は凡そ360g/分であり、当該含水ゲル(2’)の投入と並行して、80℃に調温した脱イオン水を50g/分でミートチョッパーに添加しながらゲル粉砕を行った。
次に、前記粒子状含水ゲル(2’)を目開き300μmの金網上に広げて載せ、熱風乾燥機に入れた。その後、190℃の熱風を20分間通気させることで粒子状含水ゲル(2’)を乾燥させ、乾燥重合体(2’)を得た。当該乾燥重合体(2’)中に未乾燥物はなかった。
次に、前記乾燥重合体(2’)をロールミル(WML型ロール粉砕機/有限会社井ノ口技研社製)に投入して粉砕した後、目開き850μm及び150μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。目開き850μmの篩上に残留した凝集体状の乾燥重合体は、その全量が目開き850μmの篩を通過するまで、粉砕及び分級を繰り返した。この操作によって、目開き850μmの篩を通過し、目開き150μmの篩上に残留した不定形破砕状の表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(2’)と、目開き150μmの篩を通過した微粉(2’-1)とを得た。
次に、前記表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(2’)100質量部に対して、エチレンカーボネート0.3質量部、プロピレングリコール0.5質量部、及び脱イオン水2.7質量部からなる表面架橋剤水溶液を噴霧添加して均一に混合した。その後、得られた混合物を200℃で40分間、加熱処理することで表面架橋を行った。次いで、当該混合物を、目開き850μm及び150μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。目開き850μmの篩上に残留した凝集体状の混合物は、その全量が目開き850μmの篩を通過するまで、凝集を解砕し、分級を繰り返した。この操作によって、目開き850μmの篩を通過し、目開き150μmの篩上に残留した表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂(2’)と、目開き150μmの篩を通過した微粉(2’-2)とを得た。
次に、前記微粉(2’-1)と微粉(2’-2)とを17:3(w:w)の質量割合で混合し、微粉(2’-3)とした。当該微粉(2’-3)のD50(質量平均粒子径)は91μmであった。次いで、前記微粉(2’-3)60質量部を67℃に加熱した後、オーブンで80℃に加熱したフードプロセッサー(MK-K48P/Panasonic 製)に投入し、82℃に調温した脱イオン水40質量部を攪拌しながら5秒間で加え、その後、さらに15秒間混合することで造粒ゲル(2’-3)を得た。
次に、前記造粒ゲル(2’-3)80質量部を、造粒開始から2分間経過後に、前述の操作を再度行って作製した粒子状含水ゲル(2’)360質量部に加えた。その後直ちに、80℃に加熱しておいたモルタルミキサー(西日本試験機社製)で10秒間混合し、混合ゲル(2’-4)を得た。尚、前記モルタルミキサーで混合する直前の造粒ゲル(2’-3)及び粒子状含水ゲル(2’)の温度は、それぞれ70℃,55℃であった。また、前記モルタルミキサーにおける造粒ゲル(2’-3)及び粒子状含水ゲル(2’)の混合性は、良好であった。
次に、前記混合ゲル(2’-4)を目開き300μmの金網上に広げて載せ、熱風乾燥機に入れた。その後、190℃の熱風を20分間通気させることで混合ゲル(2’-4)を乾燥させ、乾燥重合体(2’-4)を得た。当該乾燥重合体(2’-4)中に未乾燥物はなかった。
次に、前記乾燥重合体(2’-4)をロールミル(WML型ロール粉砕機/有限会社井ノ口技研社製)に投入して粉砕した後、目開き850μm及び150μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。目開き850μmの篩上に残留した凝集体状の乾燥重合体は、その全量が目開き850μmの篩を通過するまで、粉砕及び分級を繰り返した。この操作によって、目開き850μmの篩を通過し、目開き150μmの篩上に残留した不定形破砕状の表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(2’-4)を得た。
次に、前記表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(2’-4)100質量部に対して、エチレンカーボネート0.3質量部、プロピレングリコール0.5質量部、及び脱イオン水2.7質量部からなる表面架橋剤水溶液を噴霧添加して均一に混合した。その後、得られた混合物を200℃で40分間、加熱処理することで表面架橋を行った。
(単量体水溶液の調製工程)
容量2Lのポリプロピレン製の容器に、アクリル酸400.0質量部、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(平均分子量:523)3.2質量部、アリルメタクリレート0.08質量部、及び0.04質量部のIRGACURE(登録商標)819を投入し、混合した。その後、さらに24.0質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液640.0質量部を容器に徐々に投入し、混合することで液温が40℃の単量体水溶液(3’)を調製した。
次に、液温が40℃の前記単量体水溶液(3’)を攪拌しながら、4質量%過硫酸ナトリウム水溶液24.0質量部を加えた。その後、直ちに、ステンレス製のバット型容器(底面340×340mm、高さ25mm、内面:テフロン(登録商標)コーティング)に、当該単量体水溶液(3’)を大気開放状態で流し込んだ。また、前記バット型容器に単量体水溶液(3’)を流し込むと同時に、当該単量体水溶液(3’)に紫外線を照射した。尚、当該バット型容器は、ホットプレート(NEO HOTPLATE HI-1000/株式会社井内盛栄堂社製)を用いて、表面温度が50℃となるまで加熱した。
次に、前記重合反応で得られた含水ゲル(3’)を、1個当たりの質量が60g程度となるように切断した後、ミートチョッパー(HL-G22SN、プレート孔径8.0mm/レマコム株式会社製)を用いてゲル粉砕し、粒子状含水ゲル(3’)を得た。前記含水ゲル(3’)の投入量は凡そ360g/分であり、当該含水ゲル(3’)の投入と並行して、80℃に調温した脱イオン水を25g/分でミートチョッパーに添加しながらゲル粉砕を行った。
次に、前記粒子状含水ゲル(3’)を目開き300μmの金網上に広げて載せ、熱風乾燥機に入れた。その後、180℃の熱風を30分間通気させることで粒子状含水ゲル(3’)を乾燥させ、乾燥重合体(3’)を得た。前記180℃の熱風は、前半の15分間は金網の下から上に通気させ、後半の15分間は金網の上から下に通気させた。当該乾燥重合体(3’)中に未乾燥物はなかった。
次に、前記乾燥重合体(3’)をロールミル(WML型ロール粉砕機/有限会社井ノ口技研社製)に投入して粉砕した後、目開き850μm及び150μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。この操作によって、目開き850μmの篩を通過し、目開き150μmの篩上に残留した不定形破砕状の表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(3’)と、目開き150μmの篩を通過した微粉(3’-1)とを得た。
次に、前記微粉(3’-1)100質量部を70℃に加熱した後、レディゲミキサーに投入し、70℃に調温した脱イオン水100質量部を攪拌しながら添加し、約1分間混合することで造粒ゲル(3’-1)を得た。
次に、前記造粒ゲル(3’-1)80質量部を、造粒開始から2.5分間経過後に、前述の操作を再度行って作製した粒子状含水ゲル(3’)320質量部に加えた。その後直ちに、80℃に加熱しておいたモルタルミキサー(西日本試験機社製)で10秒間混合し、混合ゲル(3’-2)を得た。尚、前記モルタルミキサーで混合する直前の造粒ゲル(3’-1)及び粒子状含水ゲル(3’)の温度は、それぞれ55℃,52℃であった。
また、前記モルタルミキサーにおける造粒ゲル(3’-1)及び粒子状含水ゲル(3’)の混合性は、良好であった。
次に、前記混合ゲル(3’-2)を目開き300μmの金網上に広げて載せ、熱風乾燥機に入れた。その後、180℃の熱風を30分間通気させることで混合ゲル(3’-2)を乾燥させ、乾燥重合体(3’-2)を得た。前記180℃の熱風は、前半の15分間は金網の下から上に通気させ、後半の15分間は金網の上から下に通気させた。当該乾燥重合体(3’-2)中に未乾燥物はなかった。
次に、前記乾燥重合体(3’-2)をロールミル(WML型ロール粉砕機/有限会社井ノ口技研社製)に投入して粉砕した後、目開き850μm及び150μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。この操作によって、目開き850μmの篩を通過し、目開き150μmの篩上に残留した不定形破砕状の表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(3’-2)を得た。
次に、前記表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(3’-2)100質量部に対して、エチレンカーボネート1.0質量部、及び脱イオン水4.0質量部からなる表面架橋剤水溶液を噴霧添加して均一に混合した。その後、得られた混合物を180℃で40分間、加熱処理することで表面架橋を行った。次いで、当該混合物を、目開き850μm及び150μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。この操作によって、目開き850μmの篩を通過し、目開き150μmの篩上に残留した表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂(3’-2)を得た。表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂(3’-2)の諸物性を表2に示す。
(単量体水溶液の調製工程)
容量2Lのポリプロピレン製の容器に、アクリル酸400.0質量部、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(平均分子量:523)3.2質量部、ヘキサンジオールジアクリレート0.4質量部、及び0.04質量部のIRGACURE(登録商標)819を投入し、混合した。その後、さらに24.0質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液640.0質量部を容器に徐々に投入し、混合することで液温が40℃の単量体水溶液(4’)を調製した。
次に、液温が40℃の前記単量体水溶液(4’)を攪拌しながら、4質量%過硫酸ナトリウム水溶液24.0質量部を加えた。その後、直ちに、ステンレス製のバット型容器(底面340×340mm、高さ25mm、内面:テフロン(登録商標)コーティング)に、当該単量体水溶液(4’)を大気開放状態で流し込んだ。また、前記バット型容器に単量体水溶液(4’)を流し込むと同時に、当該単量体水溶液(4’)に紫外線を照射した。尚、当該バット型容器は、ホットプレート(NEO HOTPLATE HI-1000/株式会社井内盛栄堂社製)を用いて、表面温度が50℃となるまで加熱した。
次に、前記重合反応で得られた含水ゲル(4’)を、1個当たりの質量が60g程度となるように切断した後、ミートチョッパー(HL-G22SN、プレート孔径8.0mm/レマコム株式会社製)を用いてゲル粉砕し、粒子状含水ゲル(4’)を得た。前記含水ゲル(4’)の投入量は凡そ360g/分であり、当該含水ゲル(4’)の投入と並行して、80℃に調温した脱イオン水を25g/分でミートチョッパーに添加しながらゲル粉砕を行った。
次に、前記粒子状含水ゲル(4’)を目開き300μmの金網上に広げて載せ、熱風乾燥機に入れた。その後、180℃の熱風を30分間通気させることで粒子状含水ゲル(4’)を乾燥させ、乾燥重合体(4’)を得た。前記180℃の熱風は、前半の15分間は金網の下から上に通気させ、後半の15分間は金網の上から下に通気させた。当該乾燥重合体(4’)中に未乾燥物はなかった。
次に、前記乾燥重合体(4’)をロールミル(WML型ロール粉砕機/有限会社井ノ口技研社製)に投入して粉砕した後、目開き850μm及び150μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。この操作によって、目開き850μmの篩を通過し、目開き150μmの篩上に残留した不定形破砕状の表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(4’)と、目開き150μmの篩を通過した微粉(4’-1)とを得た。
次に、前記微粉(4’-1)100質量部を70℃に加熱した後、レディゲミキサーに投入し、70℃に調温した脱イオン水100質量部を攪拌しながら添加し、約1分間混合することで造粒ゲル(4’-1)を得た。
次に、前記造粒ゲル(4’-1)100質量部を、造粒開始から2.5分間経過後に、前述の操作を再度行って作製した粒子状含水ゲル(4’)300質量部に加えた。その後直ちに、80℃に加熱しておいたモルタルミキサー(西日本試験機社製)で10秒間混合し、混合ゲル(4’-2)を得た。尚、前記モルタルミキサーで混合する直前の造粒ゲル(4’-1)及び粒子状含水ゲル(4’)の温度は、それぞれ55℃,52℃であった。また、前記モルタルミキサーにおける造粒ゲル(4’-1)及び粒子状含水ゲル(4’)の混合性は、良好であった。
次に、前記混合ゲル(4’-2)を目開き300μmの金網上に広げて載せ、熱風乾燥機に入れた。その後、180℃の熱風を30分間通気させることで混合ゲル(4’-2)を乾燥させ、乾燥重合体(4’-2)を得た。前記180℃の熱風は、前半の15分間は金網の下から上に通気させ、後半の15分間は金網の上から下に通気させた。当該乾燥重合体(4’-2)中に未乾燥物はなかった。
次に、前記乾燥重合体(4’-2)をロールミル(WML型ロール粉砕機/有限会社井ノ口技研社製)に投入して粉砕した後、目開き850μm及び150μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。この操作によって、目開き850μmの篩を通過し、目開き150μmの篩上に残留した不定形破砕状の表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(4’-2)を得た。
次に、前記表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(4’-2)100質量部に対して、エチレンカーボネート0.5質量部、メタノール3.0質量部、及び脱イオン水3.0質量部からなる表面架橋剤水溶液を噴霧添加して均一に混合した。その後、得られた混合物を180℃で40分間、加熱処理することで表面架橋を行った。次いで、当該混合物を、目開き850μm及び150μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。この操作によって、目開き850μmの篩を通過し、目開き150μmの篩上に残留した表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂(4’-2)を得た。表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂(4’-2)の諸物性を表2に示す。
(単量体水溶液の調製工程)
容量2Lのポリプロピレン製の容器に、アクリル酸で希釈した0.5質量%IRGACURE(登録商標)819の溶液を11.0質量部、アクリル酸で希釈した5.0質量%ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(平均分子量:400)の溶液を26.0質量部、アクリル酸で希釈した5.0質量%トリメチロールプロパントリアクリレート(エトキシ化TMPTA、TMP(EO)9TA、M-3190/ミウォンスペシャリティケミカル社製)の溶液を14.0質量部、及びアクリル酸445.2質量部を投入し、混合した。その後、さらに24.0質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液800.0質量部を容器に徐々に投入し、混合することで単量体水溶液(5’)を調製した。当該単量体水溶液(5’)におけるアクリル酸の中和率は、70モル%であった。また、得られた単量体水溶液(5’)の液温は、前記混合の過程で発生した中和熱及び溶解熱によって、50℃を超えていた。
次に、前記単量体水溶液(5’)を攪拌しながら冷却し、液温が45℃となった時点で、5.0質量%炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液30.0質量部、硫酸アルミニウム1.6質量部を5.0質量%炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液28.0質量部に溶解させた水溶液、及び1.0質量%OFX-0193(XIAMETER(登録商標))水溶液60.0質量部を投入し、混合した。得られた混合物を2秒間程度攪拌した後、ステンレス製のバット型容器(底面150×150mm、高さ90mm、内面:テフロン(登録商標)コーティング)に、大気開放状態で流し込んだ。また、前記バット型容器に前記混合物を流し込むと同時に、当該混合物に紫外線を照射した。尚、当該バット型容器は、表面温度が80℃となるまで加熱した。
次に、前記重合反応で得られた含水ゲル(5’)を、1個当たりの質量が60g程度となるように切断した後、ミートチョッパー(HL-G22SN、プレート孔径8.0mm/レマコム株式会社製)を用いてゲル粉砕し、粒子状含水ゲル(5’)を得た。前記含水ゲル(5’)の投入量は凡そ360g/分であり、当該含水ゲル(5’)の投入と並行して、80℃に調温した脱イオン水を50g/分でミートチョッパーに添加しながらゲル粉砕を行った。
次に、前記粒子状含水ゲル(5’)を目開き300μmの金網上に広げて載せ、熱風乾燥機に入れた。その後、180℃の熱風を30分間通気させることで粒子状含水ゲル(5’)を乾燥させ、乾燥重合体(5’)を得た。前記180℃の熱風は、前半の15分間は金網の下から上に通気させ、後半の15分間は金網の上から下に通気させた。当該乾燥重合体(5’)中に未乾燥物はなかった。
次に、前記乾燥重合体(5’)をロールミル(WML型ロール粉砕機/有限会社井ノ口技研社製)に投入して粉砕した後、目開き850μm及び150μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。この操作によって、目開き850μmの篩を通過し、目開き150μmの篩上に残留した不定形破砕状の表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(5’)を得た。
次に、前記表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(5’)100質量部に対して、エチレンカーボネート0.4質量部、メタノール3.0質量部、脱イオン水3.0質量部、及びアエロジル200(EVONIK社製)0.5質量部からなる表面架橋剤水溶液を噴霧添加して均一に混
合した。その後、得られた混合物を190℃で30分間、加熱処理することで表面架橋を行った。次いで、当該混合物を、目開き850μm及び150μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。この操作によって、目開き850μmの篩を通過し、目開き150μmの篩上に残留した表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂(5’)を得た。表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂(5’)の諸物性を表2に示す。
(単量体水溶液の調製工程)
容量1Lのポリプロピレン製の容器に、アクリル酸291.0質量部、48.5質量%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液247.0質量部、ポリエチレングリコールジアクリレート(平均分子量:523)0.4質量部、1.0質量%ジエチレントリアミン5酢酸・5ナトリウム水溶液1.8質量部、アクリル酸で希釈した1.0質量%IRGACURE(登録商標)814の溶液を3.6質量部、及び脱イオン水255.0質量部を投入し、混合することで単量体水溶液(6’)を調製した。当該単量体水溶液(6’)の液温は、前記混合の過程で発生した中和熱及び溶解熱によって、90℃を超えていた。
次に、前記単量体水溶液(6’)の液温を90℃に保ち、攪拌しながら、3.0質量%過硫酸ナトリウム水溶液1.8質量部を加えた。その後、直ちに、ステンレス製のバット型容器(底面340×340mm、高さ25mm、内面:テフロン(登録商標)コーティング)に、当該単量体水溶液(6’)を大気開放状態で流し込んだ。また、前記バット型容器に単量体水溶液(6’)を流し込むと同時に、当該単量体水溶液(6’)に紫外線を照射した。尚、当該バット型容器は、ホットプレート(NEO HOTPLATE HI-1000/株式会社井内盛栄堂社製)を用いて、表面温度が50℃となるまで加熱した。
次に、前記重合反応で得られた含水ゲル(6’)を、1個当たりの質量が60g程度となるように切断した後、ミートチョッパー(HL-G22SN、プレート孔径6.0mm/レマコム株式会社製)を用いてゲル粉砕し、粒子状含水ゲル(6’)を得た。前記含水ゲル(6’)の投入量は凡そ360g/分であり、当該含水ゲル(6’)の投入と並行して、90℃に調温した脱イオン水を50g/分でミートチョッパーに添加しながらゲル粉砕を行った。
次に、前記粒子状含水ゲル(6’)を目開き300μmの金網上に広げて載せ、熱風乾燥機に入れた。その後、180℃の熱風を30分間通気させることで粒子状含水ゲル(6’)を乾燥させ、乾燥重合体(6’)を得た。当該乾燥重合体(6’)中に未乾燥物はなかった。
次に、前記乾燥重合体(6’)をロールミル(WML型ロール粉砕機/有限会社井ノ口技研社製)に投入して粉砕した後、目開き850μm及び150μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。この操作によって、目開き850μmの篩を通過し、目開き150μmの篩上に残留した不定形破砕状の表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(6’)と、目開き150μmの篩を通過した微粉(6’-1)とを得た。
次に、前記微粉(6’-1)100質量部をレディゲミキサーに投入し、60℃に調温した脱イオン水100質量部を攪拌しながら添加し、約1分間混合することで造粒ゲル(6’-1)を得た。
次に、前記造粒ゲル(6’-1)を目開き300μmの金網上に広げて載せ、熱風乾燥機に入れた。その後、170℃の熱風を30分間通気させることで造粒ゲル(6’-1)を乾燥させ、乾燥重合体(6’-1)を得た。当該乾燥重合体(6’-1)中に未乾燥物はなかった。
次に、前記乾燥重合体(6’-1)をロールミル(WML型ロール粉砕機/有限会社井ノ口技研社製)に投入して粉砕した後、目開き850μm及び150μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。この操作によって、目開き850μmの篩を通過し、目開き150μmの篩上に残留した不定形破砕状の表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(6’-1)を得た。
脂(6’-1)20質量部とを混合することにより、表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(6’-2
)を得た。
次に、前記表面架橋前の吸水性樹脂(6’-2)100質量部に対して、カチオン性コロイダルシリカ(商品名:Klebosol 30CAL25 30%水溶液/AZ Electronic Material社製)3.3質量部、1,3-プロパンジオール0.5質量部、メタノール1.0質量部、及び脱イオン水3.0質量部からなる表面架橋剤水溶液を噴霧添加して均一に混合した。その後、得られた混合物を200℃で40分間、加熱処理することで表面架橋を行った。次いで、目開き850μm及び150μmの2種類のJIS標準篩を用いて分級した。この操作によって、目開き850μmの篩を通過し、目開き150μmの篩上に残留した表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂(6’-2)を得た。表面架橋後の吸水性樹脂(6’-2)の諸物性を表2に示す。
[CRC(無加圧下吸収倍率)]
本発明に係る吸水性樹脂のCRC(無加圧下吸収倍率)は、EDANA法(WSP241.3(10))に準拠して測定した。具体的には、吸水性樹脂0.2gを不織布製の袋に入れ、大過剰の0.9質量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液中に30分間浸漬して当該吸水性樹脂を自由膨潤させた後、遠心分離機(遠心力:250G)を用いて脱水し、CRC(無加圧下吸収倍率)(単位:g/g)を測定した。
本発明に係る吸水性樹脂のAAP(加圧下吸収倍率)は、EDANA法(WSP242.3(10))に準拠して測定した。但し、本発明においては、加圧条件を4.83kPa(49g/cm2、0.7psi)に変更して測定した。具体的には、大過剰の0.9質量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液を用い、吸水性樹脂0.9gを1時間、4.83kPa(49g/cm2、0.7psi)の加圧下で膨潤させた後、AAP(加圧下吸収倍率)(単位:g/g)を測定した。即ち、本明細書では、AAP(加圧下吸収倍率)は、全て、4.83kPaの加圧下で測定した値である。
本発明に係る吸水性樹脂のSFC(生理食塩水流れ誘導性)(単位:×10-7cm3
・sec/g)は、米国特許第5669894号に記載された測定方法に準拠して測定した。
本発明に係る吸水性樹脂の固形分は、EDANA法(WSP230.3(10))に準拠して測定した含水率を用いて算出した。但し、本発明においては、WSP230.3(10)で規定される測定条件のうち、試料である吸水性樹脂の量を1.0gに、乾燥温度を180℃に、それぞれ変更した。そして、「100-含水率(質量%)」で算出される値を、吸水性樹脂の固形分(単位:質量%)とした。
本発明に係る吸水性樹脂のD50(質量平均粒子径)(単位:μm)は、米国特許第7
638570号に記載された「(3) Mass-Average Particle Diameter (D50) and Logarit
hmic Standard Deviation (σζ) of Particle Diameter Distribution」の測定方法に準
拠して測定した。
粉砕した粒子状含水ゲルの固形分換算の質量平均粒子径(D50)を測定する。温度20~25℃の粒子状含水ゲル(固形分α質量%)20gを、0.08質量%エマール20C(界面活性剤、花王株式会社製)を含む20質量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液(以下、「エマール水溶液」と称する)500g中に添加して分散液とし、長さ50mm×直径7mmのスターラーチップを用いて300rpmで1時間攪拌した(高さ21cm、直径8cmの円柱のポリプロピレン製容器(容量約1.14L)を使用)。
R(α)=(20/W)1/3×r 式(2)
なお、ここで、X、w、W、R(α)及びrは下記の値を意味する。
w:分級及び水切り後に各篩上に残留した粒子状含水ゲルのそれぞれの質量(単位:g)
W:分級及び水切り後に各篩上に残留した粒子状含水ゲルの総質量(単位:g)
R(α):固形分α質量%に換算した粒子状含水ゲルを分級した場合の篩の目開き(単位:mm:計算値)
r:0.08質量%エマール20C(界面活性剤、花王株式会社製)を含む20質量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液中で膨潤した粒子状含水ゲルを分級したJIS標準の篩の目開き(単位:mm:実測値)
[σζ(粒度分布の対数標準偏差)]
本発明に係る吸水性樹脂のσζ(粒度分布の対数標準偏差)(単位:なし)は、米国特許第7638570号に記載された「(3) Mass-Average Particle Diameter (D50) and Logarithmic Standard Deviation (σζ) of Particle Diameter Distribution」の測定方法に準拠して測定した。
σζの値が小さいほど、粒度分布が狭いことを意味する。
本発明に係る吸水性樹脂のゲル厚み5mm到達時間(単位:秒)は、加圧条件を4.83kPa(49g/cm2、0.7psi)に変更した前記AAP(加圧下吸収倍率)の測定時における、重りの垂直方向の移動距離を、キーエンス製レーザー変位計(アンプユニット:IL-1000、センサヘッド:IL-S100、電源ユニット:KZ-U3)、データロガー(GRAPHTEC社製、midiLOGGER GL220)、及びMicrosoft Excelを用いて算出することにより測定した。
本発明に係る吸水性樹脂のゲル膨張力(単位:N)及びゲル膨張速度(単位:なし)は、加圧条件を4.83kPa(49g/cm2、0.7psi)に変更した前記AAP(加圧下吸収倍率)の測定時において、「ゲル厚み5mm」に達するまで膨潤した吸水性樹脂がさらに膨潤するときに、ピストン及び重りを垂直方向に押し上げる力を、引っ張り試験機であるオートグラフ(AG-1kNX/株式会社島津製作所製)及び、オペレーションソフトウェア(TRAPEZIUM X)を用いて測定し、測定で得られた数値データを、Microsoft Excelを用いて解析することにより求めた。
「システム」
試験モード:シングル
試験種類:圧縮
ロードセル極性:圧縮
移動方向:ダウン
単位:SI
書式:四捨五入
「センサー」
(試験力)
チャンネル:試験力アンプ
名称:試験力
フルスケール:50N
リミット:40N(チェックを入れる)
応力名称:応力
真応力を使用する:チェックをはずす
(ストローク)
名称:ストローク
リミット:500mm(チェックを入れる)
ストローク(ひずみ)名称:ストローク(ひずみ)
真ひずみを使用する:チェックをはずす
たわみ補正を行う:チェックをはずす
(変位計)
変位計1
チャンネル:なし
(幅計)
チャンネル:なし
(その他)
その他1
チャンネル:なし
「試験制御」
伸び原点:最初から
エリア1
制御動作:負荷
コントロール:ストローク
V1:0.100000mm/sec
エリア1とエリア2の間の設定
目標値チャンネル
試験力
0.01N
エリア2
制御動作:ホールド
コントロール:ストローク
エリア2とエリア3の間の設定
ホールド時間
6000sec
エリア3
制御動作:OFF
(終了条件)
破断設定:全てチェックをはずす
試験後動作:ストップ
破断検出開始点:0.035%
(サンプリング)
時間:0.5sec
(予備負荷)
全てチェックをはずす
「試験片」
材質:プラスチック
形状:平板
バッチ数:1
サブバッチ数:1
寸法単位:mm
「データ処理項目」
特に設定しなくてよい
「グラフ」
任意に設定してよい
「レポート」
任意に設定してよい
続いて、オペレーションソフトウェア上で、「条件を選択し試験実行」をクリックし、前述の試験条件を選択したうえで、試験実行画面を開いた。また、当該画面上で「試験力」を右クリックし、キャリブレーションを実施し、当該画面上の「試験力」の表示を0.02N未満にした。
本発明に係る吸水性樹脂の総体積に占める、Cavity体積率が15体積%以上の粒子の体積率(単位:体積%)、及びVoid体積率が1体積%以下の粒子の体積率(単位:体積%)は、マイクロフォーカスX線CTシステム(inspeXio SMX-100CT/株式会社島津製作所製)を用いて、吸水性樹脂の3次元画像データを取得し、高速3次元解析ソフト(TRI/3D-VOL-FCS64/ラトックシステムエンジニアリング社製)を用いて当該3次元画像データを解析し、その後に統計解析ソフトウェア(JMP(登録商標)14(SAS Institute Inc.,Cary,NC,USA)及びMicrosoft Excelを用いて計算することにより求めた。Cavity体積率及び、Void体積率は、300μm~600μmの粒度の吸水性樹脂を用いて求めた。具体的には、500μm~600μmの粒度の吸水性樹脂、425μm~500μmの粒度の吸水性樹脂、及び300μm~425μmの粒度の吸水性樹脂の3次元画像データを、前記マイクロフォーカスX線CTシステムを用いてそれぞれ取得し、前記高速3次元解析ソフトを用いて解析した後に、それらの解析結果を一括して、JMP及びExcelを用いて算出した。
1.メニュー欄から、粒子計測>3D粒子>粒子分離>巨大粒子分離を選択した。
2.EVCパネル上のBinarizeタブでL-Wを選択し、W値は初期値のままで、
L値を初期値から「1」大きい値に変更し、円形の計測対象領域を抽出した。続いて、全てのスライス画像にこの処理を適用した。この操作により抽出した画像データを(A)とし、BCパネル上のbin5ch(b5)に保管した。
3.EVCパネル上のBinarizeタブでL-Wを選択し、W値は初期値のままで、L値を初期値から「37580」に変更し、計測対象領域における全吸水性樹脂を抽出した。続いて、全てのスライス画像にこの処理を適用した。この操作により抽出した粒子画像データを(B)とし、BCパネル上のbinDch(bD)に保管した。
4.粒子画像データ(B)を基にして、先ず、EVCパネル上のBinaryタブでErs Sml を選択し、粒子サイズが10voxcel以下である、ノイズと考えられる粒子を除去した。続いて、EVCパネル上のBinaryタブでInvertを選択し、粒子が抽出されている領域とされていない領域とを反転させた。続いて、EVCパネル上のBinaryタブでErs Sml を選択し、粒子サイズが1voxcel以下である、ノイズと考えられる粒子を除去した。次いで、EVCパネル上の3DタブでLabelingを選択し、さらに体積及びMaxを選択し、最も体積の大きな領域のみを抽出した。ここで、Label Countが1と表示されていることを確認した上で、EVCパネル上のBinaryタブでInvertを再度選択することで、計測対象領域においてノイズを除去すると共に、全粒子をVoidが埋まった状態で抽出した。これらの操作により抽出した粒子画像データを(C)とし、BCパネル上のbin2ch(b2)に保管した。
5.LOpタブ(チャンネル間論理演算処理)で、対象1は「2」を、対象2は「D」を選択し、さらに「SUB」を選択し、実行を押すことで、粒子画像データ(C)から粒子画像データ(B)を引いた。その後、EVCパネル上のBinaryタブでErs Sml を選択し、粒子サイズが1voxcel以下である、ノイズと考えられる粒子を除去することで、Voidを抽出した。これらの操作により抽出した粒子画像データを(D)とし、BCパネル上のbin6ch(b6)に保管した。
6.粒子画像データ(C)を基にして、EVCパネル上の3Dタブで8連結周囲を選択し、膨張処理を2回行った後、収縮処理を2回行った。この操作により抽出した粒子画像データを(E)とし、BCパネル上のbin1h(b1)に保管した。
7.LOpタブ(チャンネル間論理演算処理)で、対象1は「1」を、対象2は「2」を選択し、さらに「SUB」を選択し、実行を押すことで、粒子画像データ(E)から粒子画像データ(C)を引いた。この操作により、Cavityを抽出した。得られた粒子画像データを(F)とし、BCパネル上のbin7ch(b7)に保管した。
8.粒子画像データ(E)を基にして、巨大粒子分離パネル上で小粒子抽出を選択し(大粒子抽出は選択しない)、くびれ割合、Repair Filter Size、及びRepair Mrg Sml Diameter を何れも「0」に設定して、粒子の分離及び色分けを行った。
9.EVCパネル上の3DタブでLabelingを選択し、さらに座標値(サイクル)を選択すると共に微小粒子サイズを「100」に設定し、粒子の分離操作を行った。これらの操作により抽出した粒子画像データを(G)とし、BCパネル上のbin1ch(b1)に保管した。
10.メニュー欄から、粒子計測>3D粒子中Void>分離後計測を選択した。
11.分離後計測パネル上で、単位としてvoxcelを選択し、続いてエッジ粒子除去を選択し、さらに計測項目として表面積計算及びVoid計算を選択し、計測ROI指定としてBinary 5chを選択して計算処理を行った。
12.前記10の計算処理によって得られたデータを、ExcelのCSV形式で抽出した。
ここで、
H:Void体積(単位:mm3)
I:体積(単位:mm3)
J:Cavity体積(単位:mm3)
である。
ここで、
H:Void体積(単位:mm3)
I:体積(単位:mm3)
J:Cavity体積(単位:mm3)
である
次に、前記ワークシート上で、下記式(6)に基づいて1粒子毎に真の体積(単位:mm3)を算出した。
ここで、
H:Void体積(単位:mm3)
I:体積(単位:mm3)
J:Cavity体積(単位:mm3)
である
次に、ここまでの操作で得られた、300μmから600μmまでの粒度の吸水性樹脂の、1粒子毎の、Void体積率、Cavity体積率、及び真の体積を、統計解析ソフト(JMP)に全て取り込み、データテーブルを作成した。
1.まず、統計解析ソフト(JMP)の分析機能において、一変量の分布を選択し、Y,列に真の体積が入力されている列を選択し、OKを押し、分析結果における要約統計量の合計を確認することにより、全吸水性樹脂の真の体積の和(単位:mm3)を算出した。ここで得られた和の値を(K)とする。
2.次に、統計解析ソフト(JMP)のデータフィルタ機能を用いて、Void体積率が1体積%以下である吸水性樹脂のみを選択した。
3.次に、統計解析ソフト(JMP)の分析機能において、一変量の分布を選択し、Y,列に真の体積が入力されている列を選択し、OKを押し、分析結果における要約統計量の合計を確認することにより、前記2の操作で選択した吸水性樹脂の真の体積の和(単位:mm3)を算出した。ここで得られた和の値を(L)とする。
4.次に、統計解析ソフト(JMP)のデータフィルタ機能を用いて、Cavity体積率が15体積%以上である吸水性樹脂のみを選択した。
5.次に、統計解析ソフト(JMP)の分析機能において、一変量の分布を選択し、Y,列に真の体積が入力されている列を選択し、OKを押し、分析結果における要約統計量の合計を確認することにより、前記4の操作で選択した吸水性樹脂の真の体積の和(単位:mm3)を算出した。ここで得られた和の値を(M)とする。
6.そして、前記1、3、5の操作によって算出した(K)、(L)、(M)の値から、下記式(7)(8)に基づいて、Void体積率が1体積%以下の粒子の体積率(単位:体積%)、及びCavity体積率が15体積%以上の粒子の体積率(単位:体積%)を算出した。
Cavity体積率が15体積%以上の粒子の体積率=M/K×100…式(8)
[2回目の排尿に対する加圧下吸収倍率]
本発明に係る吸水性樹脂の2回目の排尿に対する加圧下吸収倍率(単位:cm3/g)
は、下記方法で測定した。尚、当該加圧下吸収倍率は、1回目の排尿によって膨潤した薄
型の吸収体が2回目以降の排尿に対して、加圧下でも尿を吸収することができる能力を模擬的に評価する指標である。紙オムツ中の吸収体は、吸水性樹脂と木材粉砕パルプ等の繊維材料との混合物であることが多い。本発明では、薄型化の傾向が最も進んだ場合の条件として、木材粉砕パルプ等の繊維材料を使用しない、つまり、実質的に吸水性樹脂100%からなる吸収体を想定して、加圧下吸収倍率を測定した。
ここで、
A:吸水性樹脂を仕込むシリンダーの内径の断面積(単位:mm2)
B:吸水性樹脂の仕込み量(単位:g)
C:レーザー変位計で読み取った重りの位置情報を、Microsoft Excel上で解析し算出した、2回目の0.9質量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液の添加を開始した時点から8分間経過した時点までの、重り22の垂直方向の移動距離(2回目吸液開始した時点でのおもり22の位置情報(数値)から、測定終了時点でのおもり22の位置情報(数値)までの距離 単位:mm)
[初期色調]
本発明に係る吸水性樹脂の初期色調は、ハンターLab表色系で測定した。測定装置には、ハンターLab社製のLabScan(登録商標)XEを使用し、測定条件として反射測定、測定口径として1.75インチを選択した。初期色調測定容器は、内径が9.5cm、高さが0.6cm、材質がアルミ製もしくはステンレス製のものを使用した。
83kPaの加圧下におけるゲル膨張力を高くすることができ、より好ましくは、ゲル膨張力及びゲル膨張速度を高くすることができるので、1回目の排尿を吸収した後、2回目の排尿があったとき(加圧下で尿をさらに吸収するとき)においても、加圧下吸収倍率が従来(比較例)よりも向上する。即ち、2回目の排尿に対する加圧下吸収倍率が従来(比較例)よりも向上する。
本発明では、紙オムツ等の吸収性物品の薄型化の傾向が最も進んだ場合の条件として、木材粉砕パルプ等の繊維材料を使用しない、つまり、実質的に吸水性樹脂100%からなる吸収体を想定して、当該吸収体を作製した。具体的には、図9に示すように、前記SFCの測定時に用いるシリンダー24内に吸水性樹脂4を3.0g仕込み、シリンダー24内の吸水性樹脂4の上に、液透過性のトップシートを模した不織布(製法:スパンボンド法、厚み:0.1mm、目付:13g/m2、液拡散面積:18mm2)26を置いた。尚、当該不織布26は、シリンダー24の内径よりも0.2mm短い直径を有する円形状にカットしたものを使用した。また、当該不織布26の、厚み、目付、及び液拡散面積については後述の測定方法により測定した。
続いて、作製した吸収体を用いて、加圧下液獲得量を測定した。測定方法を以下に示す。また、測定結果を表3に示す。
本発明に係る吸収体の加圧下液獲得量(単位:g)は、下記方法で測定した。尚、前述の2回目の排尿に対する加圧下吸収倍率に対して、当該吸収体の加圧下液獲得量では、使用する0.9質量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液(好ましくは、1000gに対して0.04gのブリリアントブルーFCF(青色1号)で着色しても良い)の液温を人尿を想定した36.5±0.5℃に変更しており、2回目の排尿に対する加圧下吸収倍率とは異なり、吸収性物品としての実使用を想定した場合の、吸収体の機能を適切に評価している。
また、1回目の0.9質量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液の添加を開始した時点から2分間経過するまでの加圧下液獲得量、及び2回目の0.9質量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液の添加を開始した時点から3分間経過するまでの加圧下液獲得量の合計量を、1回目及び2回目の排尿に対する吸収体の加圧下総液獲得量(単位:g)として、下記式(6)に基づいて算出した。
尚、本測定において、前記(B)および前記(C)を計測する際、膨潤した吸水性樹脂の層の上に0.9質量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液が残っている場合は計測不可とみなす。すなわち、目視確認で、前記計測時に膨潤した吸水性樹脂の層の上に0.9質量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液が残っている場合、当該吸水性樹脂の「2回目の排尿に対する吸収体の加圧下液獲得量」、および「1回目及び2回目の排尿に対する吸収体の加圧下総液獲得量」は、測定不能とみなす。
前記吸収体の加圧下液獲得量を測定する際に用いる不織布の厚み(単位:mm)は、下記測定方法で測定した。すなわち、ダイヤルシックネスゲージ 大型タイプ(厚み測定器)(株式会社尾崎製作所製、型番:J-B、測定子:アンビル上下φ50mm)を用いて測定した。測定点数は、異なる箇所を5回とし、測定値は5点の平均値とした。厚み測定時は、不織布に圧力が出来るだけかからないよう、ハンドルからゆっくりと手を離し、厚みを測定した。
前記吸収体の加圧下液獲得量を測定する際に用いる不織布の目付(単位:g/m2)は、下記測定方法で測定した。すなわち、縦10cm以上、横40cm以上の長方形に切り取った不織布の質量を測定し、当該質量を、切り取った不織布の面積で割って、目付を算出した。
前記吸収体の加圧下液獲得量を測定する際に用いる不織布の液拡散面積(単位:mm2)は、下記測定方法で測定した。すなわち、目開きが2mm、線径が0.9mmの網を有する直径30cmのステンレス製篩を水平な実験台上に置き、当該篩の網の上に10cm四方に切り取った不織布を置いた。容量が1mLのシリンジに口径0.50mmの注射針を装着し、ブリリアントブルーFCF(青色1号)を20ppm含む0.9質量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液1.00gを量りとり、篩上の不織布の中央に当該塩化ナトリウム水溶液を、不織布に対して垂直方向に注入した。この時、不織布及び篩の網を一旦通過した当該塩化ナトリウム水溶液が、再び篩の網又は不織布に付着しないように、篩の網の下と実験台との間には十分な空間を設けた。不織布が当該塩化ナトリウム水溶液を吸水し液の拡散が完了した時点で、当該塩化ナトリウム水溶液が拡散している面積を測定した。
2 ピストン
3 シリンダー
4 吸水性樹脂
5 ビニールテープ
6 濾紙
7 ガラスフィルター
8 0.9質量%塩化ナトリウム水溶液
9 SUS製トレイ
10 面上ヒーター
11 スタンド
12 ムッフ
13 クランプ
14 センサヘッド
15 アンプユニット
16 電源ユニット
17 データロガー
18 レーザーの照射方向
19 ロードセル
20 上圧盤
21 下圧盤
22 重り
23 蓋
24 シリンダー
25 ピストン
26 不織布
Claims (11)
- 4.83kPaの加圧下におけるゲル膨張力が26N以上である吸水性樹脂を含むことを特徴とする吸収体。
- 総質量における吸水性樹脂の質量比率が75質量%以上で100質量%以下であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の吸収体。
- 請求項1又は2に記載の吸収体を含んでなる吸収性物品。
- 4.83kPaの加圧下におけるゲル膨張力が26N以上であることを特徴とする吸水性樹脂。
- 4.83kPaの加圧下におけるゲル膨張速度が8.5以上であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の吸水性樹脂。
- 総体積に占める、Cavity体積率が15体積%以上の粒子の体積が、40体積%以上であることを特徴とする請求項4又は5に記載の吸水性樹脂。
- 総体積に占める、Void体積率が1体積%以下の粒子の体積が、65体積%以上であることを特徴とする請求項4~6の何れか一項に記載の吸水性樹脂。
- 無加圧下吸収倍率(CRC)が25g/g以上であることを特徴とする請求項4~7の何れか一項に記載の吸水性樹脂。
- 4.83kPaの加圧下における加圧下吸収倍率(AAP)が20g/g以上であることを特徴とする請求項4~8の何れか一項に記載の吸水性樹脂。
- 生理食塩水流れ誘導性(SFC)が15(×10-7cm3・sec/g)以上、55(×10-7cm3・sec/g)以下であることを特徴とする請求項4~9の何れか一項に記載の吸水性樹脂。
- 質量平均粒子径(D50)が250μm以上、550μm以下であり、総質量に占める、粒子径が710μm超の粒子の質量が、2質量%以下であり、粒子径が150μm未満の粒子の質量が、3質量%以下であることを特徴とする請求項4~10の何れか一項に記載の吸水性樹脂。
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| JP2021569820A JP7387765B2 (ja) | 2020-01-06 | 2020-12-22 | 吸収体、吸水性樹脂、及び吸収性物品 |
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| WO2022197991A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2022-09-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for producing absorbent articles comprising water-absorbing resin |
| WO2025013774A1 (ja) | 2023-07-07 | 2025-01-16 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 粒子状吸水剤組成物の製造方法及び粒子状吸水剤組成物、並びに、吸収性物品 |
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- 2020-12-22 CN CN202080091807.4A patent/CN114929380B/zh active Active
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| WO2022196763A1 (ja) | 2021-03-18 | 2022-09-22 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 吸水性樹脂の製造方法 |
| WO2022197991A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 | 2022-09-22 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for producing absorbent articles comprising water-absorbing resin |
| WO2025013774A1 (ja) | 2023-07-07 | 2025-01-16 | 株式会社日本触媒 | 粒子状吸水剤組成物の製造方法及び粒子状吸水剤組成物、並びに、吸収性物品 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| KR102801861B1 (ko) | 2025-05-02 |
| JP7387765B2 (ja) | 2023-11-28 |
| JPWO2021140905A1 (ja) | 2021-07-15 |
| US12558451B2 (en) | 2026-02-24 |
| CN114929380B (zh) | 2025-04-08 |
| EP4089119A1 (en) | 2022-11-16 |
| EP4089119A4 (en) | 2024-01-03 |
| KR20220123443A (ko) | 2022-09-06 |
| CN114929380A (zh) | 2022-08-19 |
| US20230050209A1 (en) | 2023-02-16 |
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