WO2021199459A1 - 細胞支持体由来成分を含む試料を評価する方法 - Google Patents
細胞支持体由来成分を含む試料を評価する方法 Download PDFInfo
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- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/5005—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving human or animal cells
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- A61K35/12—Materials from mammals; Compositions comprising non-specified tissues or cells; Compositions comprising non-embryonic stem cells; Genetically modified cells
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- C12N5/00—Undifferentiated human, animal or plant cells, e.g. cell lines; Tissues; Cultivation or maintenance thereof; Culture media therefor
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- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/02—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving viable microorganisms
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- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6428—Measuring fluorescence of fluorescent products of reactions or of fluorochrome labelled reactive substances, e.g. measuring quenching effects, using measuring "optrodes"
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- G01N21/62—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light
- G01N21/63—Systems in which the material investigated is excited whereby it emits light or causes a change in wavelength of the incident light optically excited
- G01N21/64—Fluorescence; Phosphorescence
- G01N21/6486—Measuring fluorescence of biological material, e.g. DNA, RNA, cells
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/531—Production of immunochemical test materials
- G01N33/532—Production of labelled immunochemicals
- G01N33/533—Production of labelled immunochemicals with fluorescent label
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- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/543—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor with an insoluble carrier for immobilising immunochemicals
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- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/58—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances
- G01N33/582—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving labelled substances with fluorescent label
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- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/68—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing involving proteins, peptides or amino acids
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- C12N2533/00—Supports or coatings for cell culture, characterised by material
- C12N2533/30—Synthetic polymers
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- C12N2533/00—Supports or coatings for cell culture, characterised by material
- C12N2533/70—Polysaccharides
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- C12N2537/00—Supports and/or coatings for cell culture characterised by physical or chemical treatment
- C12N2537/10—Cross-linking
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- G01N1/00—Sampling; Preparing specimens for investigation
- G01N1/28—Preparing specimens for investigation including physical details of (bio-)chemical methods covered elsewhere, e.g. G01N33/50, C12Q
- G01N1/30—Staining; Impregnating ; Fixation; Dehydration; Multistep processes for preparing samples of tissue, cell or nucleic acid material and the like for analysis
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a method for evaluating a sample containing a cell support-derived component, and more particularly, a method for measuring a cell support-derived component, a method for evaluating a cell suspension, a method for evaluating a microcarrier, and a cell suspension. Regarding liquid.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a microcarrier which is a digestible substrate mainly composed of polygalacturonic acid, and discloses that the microcarrier is digested to separate the cell from the microcarrier at the time of collecting the cell. Has been done.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses that in a method of mass-culturing cells using microcarriers, cells are separated from the microcarriers by using a filter through which the cells pass and retain the microcarriers.
- the cells separated from the cell support by digesting or lysing the cell support are collected.
- cell support residues may be recovered with the cells.
- the residue of microcarriers may also be recovered together with the cells.
- An object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for measuring a cell support-derived component that can easily measure a cell support-derived component.
- Another object of the present disclosure is to provide a method for evaluating a cell suspension capable of evaluating the cell suspension based on a cell support-derived component. It is an object of the present disclosure to provide a method for evaluating the presence or absence of contamination of microcarrier residues in a cell suspension.
- the embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the following.
- the first aspect of the present disclosure is a cell support-derived component, a cell suspension containing cells, and a sample for evaluation obtained from the cell suspension, a sample containing a microcarrier and a liquid for use in cell culture, and the like.
- a method is provided in which a sample is evaluated using a mixture comprising an aromatic compound having one and at least one selected from the group consisting of fluorescent dyes.
- the first aspect described above is a mixture containing a component derived from a polysaccharide cell support, an acid, and an aromatic compound having one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a nitro group, and a carbonyl group. May include measuring cell support-derived components using.
- the first aspect described above is a method of evaluating a cell suspension containing cells that are cultured in the presence of a soluble cell support and recovered after lysis of the cell support, from the cell suspension. The cell suspension is evaluated using the resulting evaluation sample, acid, and a mixture containing an aromatic compound having one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl groups, amino groups, nitro groups, and carbonyl groups. May include doing.
- the first aspect described above may have the following configuration. (1) Heating a mixture containing a component derived from a polysaccharide cell support, an acid, and an aromatic compound having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a nitro group, and a carbonyl group. And a method for measuring a cell support-derived component, which comprises fluorescent or absorbance analysis of the reaction product in the mixture after heating. (2) Heating a mixture containing a component derived from a polysaccharide cell support, an acid, and an aromatic compound having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a nitro group, and a carbonyl group.
- a method for evaluating a cell suspension which comprises heating the mixture and fluorescing or lysing the reaction product in the mixture after heating.
- a method for evaluating a cell suspension containing cells that are cultured in the presence of a soluble cell support and recovered after lysis of the cell support, and an evaluation sample obtained from the cell suspension is used.
- the mass of the aromatic compound is at least 200 times the mass of the saccharide produced by hydrolysis from the cell support, including heating and quantifying the reaction product in the mixture after heating.
- Evaluation method of cell suspension (7) The method for evaluating a cell suspension according to (6), which uses fluorescence or absorption analysis to quantify the reaction product.
- the first aspect described above is to add a fluorescent dye capable of staining a polymer having a hydrophobic portion to a cell suspension containing cells, and to irradiate the cell suspension to which the fluorescent dye has been added with excitation light. Fluorescence analysis and evaluation of the cell suspension from the fluorescence analysis may be included and may include evaluation of the cell suspension.
- the first aspect described above is to prepare a sample containing a microcarrier and a liquid for use in cell culture, or containing a liquid after treating the microcarrier, and the sample is provided with a polymer having a hydrophobic portion. It may include evaluating the microcarriers by adding a dyeable fluorescent dye and performing fluorescence analysis, and evaluating the microcarriers from the fluorescence analysis.
- the fluorescent dye described above may contain at least one selected from the group consisting of a porphyrin dye, a phthalocyanine dye, a polyphenylene vinylene dye, a pyrene dye, a xanthene dye, a coumarin dye, and a DCM dye.
- a cell suspension is provided in which the number of polymers containing cells and having a hydrophobic portion of 1 ⁇ m or less is 10 or less per 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells.
- the present disclosure can provide a method for detecting a residue of a cell support. According to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a method for measuring a cell support-derived component that can easily measure a cell support-derived component. Further, according to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a method for evaluating a cell suspension capable of evaluating a cell suspension based on a cell support-derived component. Further, according to the present disclosure, it is possible to provide a method for evaluating the presence or absence of contamination of microcarrier residues in a cell suspension.
- a bright field image and a fluorescence image of the cell suspension according to Production Example 2 are shown.
- a bright field image and a fluorescence image of the cell suspension according to Production Example 2 are shown.
- a bright field image and a fluorescence image of the cell suspension according to Production Example 2 are shown.
- a bright field image and a fluorescence image of the cell suspension according to Production Example 3 are shown. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the evaluation method of a microcarrier. It is a flowchart which shows an example of the evaluation method of a cell suspension.
- the method according to one embodiment is characterized in detecting a cell support or a component derived from the cell support based on optical information.
- the method according to one embodiment includes a cell support-derived component, a cell suspension containing cells, an evaluation sample obtained from the cell suspension, a sample containing a microcarrier and a liquid for use in cell culture, and a micro.
- Aroma having at least one sample selected from the group consisting of samples containing liquids after treatment with carriers and at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl groups, amino groups, nitro groups, and carbonyl groups.
- the cell support is also referred to as a microcarrier or a culture carrier, and refers to a cell support that functions as a scaffold for cell growth.
- the cell support may be either a soluble cell support or an insoluble cell support.
- Soluble cell supports can be decomposed and removed using enzymes or the like.
- the insoluble cell support can be physically removed using a filter or the like.
- the polysaccharide cell support can be decomposed and removed using an enzyme or the like, and can be treated as a soluble cell support. Since the polymer having a hydrophobic portion is difficult to decompose and remove, it can be treated as a material for an insoluble cell support.
- Another example of this method is to evaluate a cell suspension containing cells that are cultured in the presence of a soluble cell support and recovered after lysis of the cell support, from the cell suspension.
- the cell suspension is evaluated using the resulting evaluation sample, acid, and a mixture containing an aromatic compound having one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of hydroxyl groups, amino groups, nitro groups, and carbonyl groups. It is an evaluation method including doing. More detailed examples will be described below as evaluation methods 1 and 2.
- a fluorescent dye capable of staining a polymer having a hydrophobic portion is added to a cell suspension containing cells, and the cell suspension to which the fluorescent dye is added is irradiated with excitation light.
- a method comprising evaluating a cell suspension and evaluating the cell suspension from the fluorescence analysis. A more detailed example will be described below as a method for evaluating a cell suspension.
- Still another example of this method is to prepare a sample containing a microcarrier and a liquid for use in cell culture, or containing a liquid after processing the microcarrier, and the sample is provided with a polyma having a hydrophobic portion.
- a method comprising adding a dyeable fluorescent dye and performing a fluorescence analysis, and evaluating the microcarriers from the fluorescence analysis, including evaluating the microcarriers.
- a more detailed example will be described below as a method for evaluating microcarriers.
- one functional group selected from the group consisting of a polysaccharide cell support-derived component, an acid, and a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a nitro group, and a carbonyl group is used. It is a method including heating a mixture containing two or more aromatic compounds, and fluorescence or absorption analysis of the reaction product in the mixture after heating (hereinafter, may be referred to as measurement method 1).
- a functional group selected from the group consisting of a polysaccharide cell support-derived component, an acid, and a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a nitro group, and a carbonyl group is used.
- the mass of the aromatic compound comprises heating the mixture containing one or more aromatic compounds and quantifying the reaction product in the heated mixture, the mass of the aromatic compound being the component derived from the polysaccharide cell support. It is a method that is at least 200 times the mass (hereinafter, may be referred to as measurement method 2).
- the reaction product in the mixture obtained by heating the cell support-derived component together with an acid and a specific aromatic compound is subjected to absorption analysis or fluorescence analysis, so that the cell support-derived component can be easily obtained. Can be measured.
- the reaction product in the mixture obtained by heating the cell support-derived component with an acid and a specific aromatic compound in an excess amount is quantified, so that the cell support-derived component can be easily obtained. Can be measured.
- the measuring method 1 and the measuring method 2 may be collectively referred to as a measuring method.
- the cell support is also referred to as a microcarrier or a culture carrier, and refers to a cell support that functions as a scaffold for cell growth.
- a soluble cell support is used.
- the "soluble cell support” means a cell support that can be degraded by means such as an enzyme to the extent that the adhered cells can be released from the cell support.
- the material of the soluble cell support is not particularly limited, but specific examples include polygalacturonic acid such as pectin and pectinate; and polysaccharides such as alginate, cellulose, crosslinked agarose, dextran and chitosan. Can be mentioned.
- a cell support containing a polysaccharide may be referred to as a polysaccharide cell support.
- Examples of the morphology of the cell support include beads, fibers, meshes, non-woven fabrics, sponges, and the like.
- the amount of cell support varies depending on the type of cell, but is usually 0.1 g / L to 100 g / L, 1 g / L to 100 g / L, 1 g / L to 50 g / L, or 1.0 g / L to 1.0 g / L. It is used in an amount of 20 g / L.
- the soluble cell support can be dissolved in an aqueous medium such as a medium or physiological saline under the conditions selected according to the composition of the cell support, and is decomposed by, for example, a degrading enzyme.
- a degrading enzyme for example, hydrolases known to hydrolyze polysaccharides that make up cell supports, such as arginase, pectinase, and dextranase, are used.
- an aromatic compound having one or more functional groups selected from the group consisting of a polysaccharide cell support-derived component, an acid, and a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a nitro group, and a carbonyl group (hereinafter, simply “specific”). Includes heating a mixture containing “aromatic compounds”).
- the "polysaccharide cell support-derived component” means a component obtained by dissolving a soluble polysaccharide cell support according to a lysis method selected according to the type of the cell support. For example, hydrolysates such as monosaccharides and oligosaccharides obtained by decomposing polysaccharides with a hydrolase are applicable.
- the content of the polysaccharide cell support-derived component in the mixture is not particularly limited, and can be appropriately set according to the type of the polysaccharide support-derived component, the type of a specific aromatic compound, and the like.
- the content of the polysaccharide support-derived component in the mixture is 0.1 ⁇ g / mL to 1000 ⁇ g / mL, 0.5 ⁇ g / mL to 500 ⁇ g / mL, or 0. It can be 8 ⁇ g / mL to 100 ⁇ g / mL.
- the content of the component derived from the polysaccharide cell support can be obtained from, for example, the amount of the cell support used for cell culture, and is adjusted to the above concentration as necessary from the viewpoint of measurement efficiency and the like. can do.
- a strong acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, or sulfonic acid can be used.
- the acid has a function of accelerating the reaction between the cell support-derived component in the mixture and the specific aromatic compound to produce a reaction product (colored product) to be measured, and in some cases, in the mixture. It may have a function of promoting the decomposition of the contained polysaccharide cell support into a cell support-derived component. It is also possible to prepare a mixture of the polysaccharide cell support and the acid in advance to allow the decomposition of the polysaccharide cell support to proceed. The operation can be carried out stepwise as appropriate according to the type of the specific aromatic compound.
- the presence of an acid is not essential for the production of the reaction product, and thus it may not be necessary to include the acid in the mixture for the purpose of producing the reaction product. Also, the presence of acid in the mixture may not be required if the degradation of the polysaccharide cell support in the mixture is sufficiently advanced.
- the concentration of the acid in the mixture is 0.01 mol / L to 20 mol / L, 0.1 mol / L to 12 mol / L, 0.5 mol / L to 10 mol / L, or 1.0 mol / L to 10 mol as the addition amount. Can be / L.
- Specific aromatic compounds include monocyclic or polycyclic compounds capable of producing a fluorescent or absorptive reaction product by reaction with a saccharide by heating, that is, a compound having a functional group capable of forming a chromophore. Any aromatic compound may be used.
- the functional group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyl group, an amino group, a nitro group, and a carbonyl group in the specific aromatic compound may be one or a plurality of functional groups. When a plurality of functional groups of the same type are present, a plurality of functional groups of the same type may be present, or different types of functional groups may be present in any combination.
- the aromatic compound is a compound having an aromatic ring, and the aromatic ring may be an aromatic heterocycle in addition to an aromatic hydrocarbon ring, and the aromatic ring is included in a part of the condensed polycyclic structure. You may.
- Typical examples of the aromatic hydrocarbon ring include a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, an anthracene ring, a tetralin ring, and a hexahydroanthracene ring.
- the aromatic heterocycle include a nitrogen heterocycle such as a carbazole ring and an indole ring.
- examples of the aromatic compound having a hydroxyl group include monophenol and polyphenol, and the number of hydroxyl groups is preferably about 1 to 3.
- examples of the aromatic compound having an amino group include a primary aromatic amine and a secondary aromatic amine, and in addition to a monoamine, a polyamine containing two or more primary amino groups and / or secondary amino groups may be used. ..
- the secondary amine may have a heterocyclic amine structure in which a nitrogen atom is contained in the heterocycle.
- examples of the aromatic compound having a nitro group include aromatic nitro compounds in which one or more nitro groups are replaced with aromatic rings.
- a condensed polycyclic aromatic compound containing a cyclic ketone group can be used as the aromatic compound having a carbonyl group.
- aromatic primary amine compounds such as aniline, p-anisidine, ⁇ -naphthylamine, ⁇ -dianisidine; aromatic secondary amine compounds such as diphenylamine, carbazole, indol, tryptophan, scator; ⁇ -naphthol, resorcin. , Orcin, Fluoroglucin, Naftresolcin, 5-oxytetralone and other phenolic compounds; Antron and other aromatic carbonyl compounds; 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, 3,4-dinitrobenzoic acid, m-dinitrobenzene, o-dinitrobenzene , 2,4-Dinitrophenol and other nitro compounds can be mentioned. These compounds may be present in the mixture during the reaction and may be produced prior to the reaction.
- an aromatic compound having one or more hydroxyl groups, amino groups or cyclic ketone groups can be used.
- the aromatic compound having one or more hydroxyl groups, amino groups or cyclic ketone groups include phenol compounds such as resorcin, orcin, fluoroglucolcin, naphthresolcin and 5-oxytetralone, and aromatic cyclic compounds such as antron from the viewpoint of sensitivity.
- Ketone compounds can be used, and among them, naphthresorcin can be used.
- Naftresorcin is known as a compound that reacts with saccharides such as monosaccharides (also referred to as naphthresorcin reaction) to produce a colored product.
- the concentration of the specific aromatic compound in the mixture can be appropriately selected depending on the type of the specific aromatic compound selected to produce the reaction product, the type of the reaction product that can be measured, and the like.
- the content of the specific aromatic compound in the mixture is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of measurement sensitivity, for example, 0.1 mg / mL to 100 mg / mL or 1 mg / mL to It can be 50 mg / mL.
- the amount of the specific aromatic compound in the mixed solution may be at least 200 times the mass of the polysaccharide cell support-derived component, and is 200 to 20000 times, 250 to 10000 times, or 300 to 5000 times.
- the reaction product can be produced by the mixture containing an excessive amount of the specific aromatic compound.
- the reaction product produced here differs depending on the type of the selected specific aromatic compound and the like, but when naphthresolcin is selected, the obtained reaction product exhibits fluorescence or absorbance and is butyl acetate. , Insoluble in organic solvents such as benzene, and soluble in alcohols such as ethanol, but is not limited to this.
- the amount of the specific aromatic compound in the measuring method 2 can be selected according to the type of the specific aromatic compound and the type of the saccharide, and is at least 20 times, at least 50 times, or at least 50 times the mass of the polysaccharide cell support-derived component. It can be at least 100 times.
- the mixture containing the polysaccharide cell support-derived component, the acid and the specific aromatic compound can further contain an aqueous medium.
- aqueous medium examples include water, physiological saline, phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and the like.
- the mixture can be heated at a temperature of 70 ° C. to 120 ° C., 80 ° C. to 110 ° C., or 80 ° C. to 100 ° C. for 10 minutes to 24 hours, 30 minutes to 12 hours, or 1 hour to 8 hours. .. You may stir during heating. As a result, a reaction product corresponding to the type of the selected specific aromatic compound or the like is produced in the mixture.
- the heated mixture may be cooled, for example, to 60 ° C. or lower, 40 ° C. or lower, or room temperature (18 ° C. to 28 ° C.).
- the measuring method 1 includes fluorescence or absorption analysis of the reaction product in the mixture after heating.
- fluorescence or absorbance analysis of the reaction product can usually be performed as performed for this purpose. For example, it is done as follows. The produced reaction product is cooled to room temperature, an organic solvent immiscible with water is added to the reaction product, the mixture is stirred, and then the aqueous phase is removed to obtain a mixture of the organic phase and the insoluble material. Alcohol is added to the obtained mixture and stirred to obtain a uniform solution. The resulting solution can be further diluted with alcohol and the diluted solution can be used for analysis.
- the organic solvent for example, butyl acetate, benzene and the like can be used.
- the alcohol for example, ethanol or the like can be used.
- the analysis method can be fluorescence analysis or absorption analysis.
- the analysis method can be selected according to the coloration wavelength of the obtained reaction product and the like.
- the analysis may be quantitative as well as detection of reaction products.
- the concentration of saccharides can be quantified from the obtained absorbance using a calibration curve or the like. From the viewpoint of detection limit and sensitivity, it is preferable to use fluorescence analysis.
- the measurement method 2 includes quantifying the reaction product in the mixture after heating.
- a method usually used for quantifying the compound can be used, and the concentration of the saccharide may be quantified by the fluorescence analysis or the absorption analysis described in the measurement method 1, but the quantification is not limited thereto.
- the amount of saccharides when the polysaccharide cell support in the cell suspension is completely dissolved can be predetermined. As a result, the rate at which the polysaccharide cell support in the cell suspension is dissolved can be confirmed from the concentration of saccharides in the quantification result.
- the above-mentioned method for measuring a cell support-derived component can easily and sensitively measure a cell support-derived component, it can be preferably applied to various uses using a soluble cell support.
- the method for evaluating the cell suspension according to the present embodiment is a method for evaluating a cell suspension containing cells that are cultured in the presence of a soluble cell support and recovered after lysis of the cell support, and is obtained from the cell suspension.
- Prepare a sample for evaluation prepare a mixture containing the sample for evaluation, an acid, and a specific aromatic compound, heat the mixture, and perform fluorescence or absorption analysis of the reaction product in the mixture after heating. This is a method including the above (hereinafter, may be referred to as evaluation method 1).
- An evaluation method of another embodiment is an evaluation method of a cell suspension containing cells cultured in the presence of a soluble cell support and recovered after lysis of the cell support, which is obtained from the cell suspension.
- To prepare a sample for evaluation to prepare a mixture containing the sample for evaluation, an acid, and a specific aromatic compound, to heat the mixture, and to quantify the reaction product in the mixture after heating.
- the mass of the aromatic compound is at least 200 times the mass of the saccharide produced by hydrolysis from the cell support (hereinafter, may be referred to as evaluation method 2).
- the measurement method 1 and the measurement method 2 are applied to the evaluation method of the cell suspension, respectively.
- the evaluation method 1 and the evaluation method 2 may be collectively referred to as an evaluation method. According to this evaluation method, the cell support-derived component in the cell suspension can be evaluated easily and sensitively.
- the evaluation method involves preparing an evaluation sample obtained from the cell suspension, where the cell suspension is cultured in the presence of a soluble cell support and recovered after lysis of the cell support. Contains cells.
- the cell may be an adherent cell that can adhere to a cell support, and examples thereof include somatic cells and stem cells.
- somatic cells for example, endothelial cells, epidermal cells, epithelial cells, myocardial cells, myoblasts, nerve cells, bone cells, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, fat cells, hepatocytes, renal cells, pancreatic cells, adrenal cells , Dental cells, gingival cells, bone membrane cells, skin cells, dendritic cells, macrophages and the like.
- the adherent cells are preferably animal-derived cells, and more preferably mammalian-derived cells. Mammals include, for example, humans, monkeys, chimpanzees, cows, pigs, horses, sheep, goats, rabbits, rats, mice, guinea pigs, dogs, cats and the like. Adhesive cells may be, for example, cells derived from tissues such as skin, liver, kidney, muscle, bone, blood vessel, blood, and nervous tissue.
- adherent cell can be used alone, or two or more types can be used in combination.
- the adherent cells may be stem cells.
- stem cells include somatic stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, neural stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, and germline stem cells, and can be mesenchymal stem cells or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells. ..
- Mesenchymal stem cells broadly mean somatic stem cells that are present in various tissues of an individual and can be differentiated into all or some of mesenchymal cells such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. do.
- stem cells include induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), embryonic stem cells (ES cells), embryonic reproductive stem cells (EG cells), pluripotent reproductive stem cells (mGS cells), and embryonic tumor cells (EC cells).
- iPS cells induced pluripotent stem cells
- ES cells embryonic stem cells
- EG cells embryonic reproductive stem cells
- mGS cells pluripotent reproductive stem cells
- EC cells embryonic tumor cells
- Muse cells and other pluripotent stem cells may be used.
- the medium used for culturing cells preferably contains inorganic salts, amino acids, sugars, and water.
- the medium may further contain any component such as serum, vitamins, hormones, antibiotics, growth factors, adhesion factors and the like.
- a medium known as a basal medium for cell culture can be used as the medium.
- any medium known to be used for culturing selected cells can be used without particular limitation.
- DMEM Dynamic modified Eagle's medium
- MEM Eagle's minimum essential
- Medium ⁇ MEM medium (Eagle's minimum essential medium ⁇ modified type) and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- serum such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), horse serum, and human serum
- the medium used for culturing can be free of heterologous components.
- the medium containing no heterologous component is a serum substitute additive (for example, Knockout Serum Replacement (KSR) (manufactured by Invitrogen), Chemically-defined Lipid connected (manufactured by Gibco), Glutamax (manufactured by Gibco), instead of the serum derived from animals. Company), etc.) can be included.
- serum-free media such as Essential 8 (Thermo Fisher), mTeSR1 (STEMCELL Technologies), StemFit series (Takara Bio Inc.), and StemFlex (Thermo Fisher Scientific) can be used.
- Lysis of the cell support allows the cell to be separated from the cell support.
- the cells separated from the cell support can be recovered by a method usually used, for example, a method using filtration with a filter, centrifugation or the like.
- the recovered cells can be suspended in a suitable aqueous medium such as medium, saline, etc., whereby a cell suspension can be obtained.
- the cell suspension means a liquid containing cells, and the cells here are either in a state of being adhered to a cell support or a state in which it is not adhered to a part of the cell support. You may.
- the evaluation sample may be any as long as it is obtained from the cell suspension.
- the cell suspension is used as it is as an evaluation sample, cells are removed from the cell suspension to make an evaluation sample, or the evaluation sample is used.
- a part of the cell suspension or a part of the liquid obtained by removing the cells from the cell suspension may be prepared by mixing with another aqueous medium such as water.
- the evaluation sample is preferably composed of a cell-free liquid.
- the evaluation sample may be prepared from the cell suspension immediately before the evaluation, or may be obtained as a sample for evaluation in advance.
- a mixture is prepared by combining the evaluation sample prepared as described above with an acid and a specific aromatic compound, and the measurement methods described in the present specification, for example, the measurement method 1 and the evaluation method 2 and Includes performing measurement method 2. That is, in the evaluation method 1 and the evaluation method 2, a mixture containing the evaluation sample, the acid, and the specific aromatic compound prepared as described above is prepared, and the obtained mixture is used to prepare the measurement method 1 and the evaluation method 2, respectively. Includes performing measurement method 2.
- the evaluation method 1 and the evaluation method 2 perform the measurement method 1 and the measurement method 2 on the evaluation sample obtained from the cell suspension, respectively, the evaluation sample and thus the cell support in the cell suspension.
- the presence or absence of the derived component can be easily and sensitively confirmed, and when the cell support-derived component is contained in the cell suspension, the cell support-derived component in the cell suspension is used. It can be quantified easily and sensitively.
- the matters described regarding the measurement method 1 and the measurement method 2 in the present specification can also be applied to the evaluation method 1 and the evaluation method 2.
- the matters relating to the measurement method described without being limited to the measurement method 1 and the measurement method 2 can be applied to the evaluation method 1 and the evaluation method 2.
- the matters relating to the evaluation method described without being limited to the evaluation method 1 and the evaluation method 2 can be applied to the measurement method 1 and the measurement method 2.
- the matters relating to the measurement method described without being limited to the measurement method 1 and the measurement method 2 can be applied to the evaluation method described without being limited to the evaluation method 1 and the evaluation method 2.
- the target of the measurement method and the evaluation method according to the first embodiment is not limited to the cell support-derived component in the cell suspension, and may be a sugar component not derived from the cell support.
- the medium components are removed, and the cells are suspended in a buffer solution such as PBS to prepare a cell suspension, after the preparation. It can be used for the quantification of glucose in the cell suspension of. Thereby, the cell suspension can be evaluated with respect to the residue of the medium component in the cell suspension after the removal of the medium component.
- One of the cell culture methods is a method of three-dimensionally culturing cells using a microcarrier.
- Microcarriers are small particles composed of soluble or insoluble polymers that mainly take the shape of spheres, and support adherent cells in a cell suspension such as a medium for cell culture and promote cell growth. Is possible. Since cell culture using a microcarrier is a three-dimensional culture, a large amount of cells can be cultured, and the floor area required for cell culture can be reduced. After culturing the cells, the cells can be detached from the microcarriers using an enzyme or the like to remove the microcarriers, and the cells can be recovered.
- cells separated from microcarriers may be suspended in another medium or liquid to prepare a cell suspension, and the obtained cell suspension contains small pieces of microcarriers smaller than a predetermined size. May be mixed as an impurity.
- impurities include small pieces that can be contained in the raw material of the microcarrier. Therefore, in cell culture using microcarriers, it is desirable to evaluate the presence or absence of impurities derived from microcarriers in the obtained cell suspension. When a large amount of cells are cultured, precise control becomes difficult, so it is more important to evaluate the presence or absence of impurities.
- a fluorescent dye capable of staining a polymer having a hydrophobic portion is added to the cell suspension containing cells, and the cell suspension to which the fluorescent dye is added is added. It is characterized by comprising irradiating with excitation light and performing fluorescence analysis, and evaluating the cell suspension from the fluorescence analysis. According to this, it is possible to provide a cell suspension in which the presence or absence of contamination of impurities derived from microcarriers has been evaluated. For example, it is possible to provide a cell suspension in which the presence or absence of contamination with a polymer having a hydrophobic portion derived from a microcarrier has been evaluated. As one form, when a cell suspension is provided, the presence, content ratio, etc. of impurities derived from microcarriers contained in the provided suspension can be described in the product and provided.
- a cell suspension containing cells is a liquid in which cells are dispersed in a dispersion medium.
- the dispersion medium of the cell suspension is preferably an aqueous liquid, more preferably water as the main solvent, and may be, for example, a buffer solution such as a phosphate buffer solution, a medium, physiological saline, pure water or the like. ..
- the cell suspension to be evaluated may be a suspension after culturing the cells or a suspension before culturing the cells. Further, the cell suspension to be evaluated may further contain a cell carrier such as a microcarrier, or may be in a state of being removed after the cell carrier such as a microcarrier is added. In addition, the cell suspension to be evaluated may contain general additives to be used for cell culture.
- the cell concentration is not particularly limited.
- an arbitrary liquid may be added to adjust the concentration of the cell suspension, and then the fluorescent dye may be added.
- the fluorescent dye added to the cell suspension to evaluate the cell suspension is preferably a fluorescent dye capable of staining a polymer having a hydrophobic portion.
- the fluorescent dye capable of dyeing a polymer having a hydrophobic portion include a compound having a chromophore having an aromatic ring and the like.
- the chromophore is, for example, a monocyclic ring such as a benzene ring, a non-benzene ring, or a heteroaromatic ring; a condensed aromatic ring obtained by condensing one or more monocyclic rings; these monocyclic rings, a condensed aromatic ring, or a combination thereof.
- the color group comprises a polycyclic structure having two or more monocycles and more preferably two or more, more preferably three or more fused aromatic rings in order to show affinity for the polyma having a hydrophobic portion and facilitate staining. It may be a polycyclic structure or a polycyclic structure having two or more monocyclic rings and condensed aromatic rings in total.
- Examples of the benzene ring, non-benzene ring, or fused aromatic ring thereof include a benzene ring, a cyclopentadiene ring, a naphthalene ring, an anthracene ring, a phenanthrene ring, a tetracene ring, a triphenylene ring, a chrysene ring, a pyrene ring, a perylene ring, and a perylene ring.
- Examples include a ring and a fluorene ring.
- the complex aromatic ring preferably has at least one atom selected from the group consisting of N, O, P, and S on the ring, and more preferably N, O, or a complex aromatic ring having a combination thereof.
- the heteroaromatic ring or condensed heteroaromatic ring include a pyrazole ring, a pyridine ring, an imidazole ring, a pyrazole ring, an oxazole ring, a thiazole ring, a pyrazine ring, a pyramidine ring, an indole ring, a benzimidazole ring, a quinoline ring, and an isoquinoline ring.
- fluorescent dyes those that easily stain the polymer having a hydrophobic portion and are difficult to stain the cells or do not stain the cells are preferable.
- Such fluorescent dyes include low molecular weight compounds having two or more monocyclic aromatic rings, fused aromatic rings, or a combination of monocyclic aromatic rings and condensed aromatic rings; two or more monocyclic aromatic rings, Examples thereof include a fused aromatic ring or a high molecular weight compound having a combination of a monocyclic aromatic ring and a condensed aromatic ring.
- porphyrin examples thereof include porphyrin, phthalocyanine, polyphenylene vinylene, pyrene, perylene, perinone, xanthene, naphthofluorescein and the like, or derivatives thereof, and more preferably porphyrin, polyphenylene vinylene, or derivatives thereof.
- a hydrophilic group may be introduced in or near the chromophore of the fluorescent dye.
- the hydrophilic group include an anionic group, a cationic group, an amino group, a hydroxy group, a polyalkylene glycol group, a carboxy group and the like.
- the polyalkylene glycol group include a polyethylene glycol group, a polypropylene glycol group, a polyethylene propylene glycol group and the like.
- the number of moles of the polyalkylene glycol group added is, for example, 2 to 2000, preferably 2 to 200.
- An ionic group may be introduced in or near the chromophore of the fluorescent dye.
- the ionic group may be either an anionic group or a cationic group. Since microcarriers are often cation-treated from the viewpoint of cell adhesion, the introduction of an anionic group into the fluorescent dye allows the fluorescent dye to be more bound to the polymer having a hydrophobic portion derived from the microcarrier. Can be dyed.
- the anionic group include a sulfonic acid group, a phosphoric acid group, a carboxy group, a nitric acid group and the like. From the viewpoint of cell compatibility, a sulfonic acid group can be preferably used.
- the fluorescent dye capable of staining the polymer having a hydrophobic portion is not limited to the above-mentioned compounds regardless of whether or not the cells are stained, and a low molecular weight compound having a chromophore having an aromatic ring may be used. ..
- a low molecular weight compound having a chromophore having an aromatic ring may be used. ..
- Examples of such a compound include a compound having one or two or more, preferably one or two fused aromatic rings having one or two rings, or three fused aromatic rings. Specific examples thereof include coumarin pigments, DCM pigments, cyanine pigments, quinoline pigments, dipyrromethene pigments and the like.
- Examples of the fluorescent dye capable of dyeing a polyma having a hydrophobic portion include a porphyrin dye; a phthalocyanine dye; a high molecular weight compound such as polyphenylene vinylene or a derivative thereof; a compound having a condensed aromatic ring such as pyrene, perylene and perinone; fluorescein and naphtho.
- Xanthene dyes such as fluorescein; triarylmethane dyes such as triphenylmethane; coumarin dyes such as coumarin, coumarin 6, coumarin 30, etc .; 4- (dicyanomethylene) -2-methyl-6- (4-dimethylaminostyryl) -4H -Pyran, 2-tert-butyl-4- (dicyanomethylene) -6- [2- (1,1,7,7 tetramethyldurolysin-9-yl) vinyl] -4H-pyran, 4- (dicyanomethylene) ) -2-Methyl-6- [2- (2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1H, 5H-benzo [ij] quinolidine-9-yl) vinyl] -4H-DCM dyes such as pyran; cyanine dyes; Kinolin dyes; dipyrromethene dyes such as BODIPY (registered trademark; Boron-dipyrromethene) and the like
- porphyrin pigments More preferably, it is at least one selected from the group consisting of porphyrin pigments, phthalocyanine pigments, polyphenylene vinylene pigments, pyrene pigments, xanthene pigments, coumarin pigments, and DCM pigments.
- the porphyrin pigment means a pigment containing porphyrin or a derivative thereof, and the names of other pigments are treated in the same manner.
- a polyvalent anionic compound, a compound having a polyalkylene glycol chain, naphthofluorescein, a coumarin dye, a DCM dye and the like can be preferably used, and more preferably, the hydrophobic portion is used in the cell suspension. Since the polyma having can be selectively stained, it is preferable to use a polyvalent anionic compound, a compound having a polyalkylene glycol chain, and naphthofluorescein, and more preferably, it suppresses staining of cells in a cell suspension and is hydrophobic. Since the polymer having a portion can be selectively stained, it is preferable to use a polyvalent anionic compound.
- the polyvalent anionic compound may be a compound in which two or more anionic groups are introduced into the chromophore, and a compound in which four or more anionic groups are introduced into the chromophore is more preferable.
- a compound in which two or more anionic groups are introduced into a low molecular weight compound having a condensed aromatic ring can selectively stain a polymer having a hydrophobic portion rather than a cell.
- examples of such compounds include porphyrins, phthalocyanines, and polyvalent anions of derivatives thereof. Specific examples thereof include 5,10,15,20-tetrakis (4-sulfophenyl) porphyrin (TPPS).
- a compound in which two or more anionic groups are introduced into a high molecular weight compound having a monocyclic ring or a condensed aromatic ring can be mentioned.
- it may be a compound in which two or more anionic groups are introduced into a copolymer having a plurality of structural units having an aromatic ring, a copolymer having a plurality of structural units having an aromatic ring and an anionic group, and the like. ..
- examples of such a compound include polyphenylene vinylene and polyvalent anions of derivatives thereof.
- the molecular weight of this high molecular weight compound is, for example, 100 to 100,000, preferably 100 to 10000. Specific examples thereof include poly (5-methoxy-2- (3-sulfopropoxy) -1,4-phenylene vinylene) and the like.
- the compound having a polyalkylene glycol chain may be a compound in which a polyalkylene glycol chain is introduced into a chromophore.
- the chromophore is preferably a condensed benzene ring of prene, pyrylene, pyrinone or the like.
- the polyalkylene glycol chain include a polyethylene glycol chain, a polypropylene glycol chain, a polyethylene propylene glycol chain and the like.
- the number of moles of the polyalkylene glycol chain added is, for example, 2 to 2000, preferably 2 to 200. Since the polyalkylene glycol chain has hydrophilicity, it is possible to easily stain the polymer having a hydrophobic portion with a fluorescent dye. Specific examples thereof include methoxypolyethylene glycol pyrene and the like.
- Naftfluorescein is a fluorescent dye in which a hydroxy group is introduced into or near the chromophore of the xanthene skeleton, and has the property that the fluorescence intensity changes according to the pH of the system.
- the fluorescent dye may have, for example, characteristics in which the fluorescence characteristics differ between the intracellular environment and the extracellular environment. This makes it possible to distinguish between the fluorescence emitted by the cells that have taken up the fluorescent dye inside and the fluorescence emitted by the polymer having a hydrophobic portion when the fluorescent dye is present in the cell suspension, and the fluorescence is emitted in the cell suspension.
- the presence of a polymer having a hydrophobic portion of the above can be identified. For example, in the case of a fluorescent dye that does not fluoresce in the intracellular environment and fluoresces in the extracellular environment, only fluorescence from a polymer having a hydrophobic portion existing in the extracellular environment can be detected.
- a polymer having a hydrophobic portion As another example, in the case of a fluorescent dye that emits low fluorescence intensity in the intracellular environment and high fluorescence intensity emitted in the extracellular environment, it is identified as a cell and hydrophobic based on the difference in fluorescence intensity in the cell suspension. The presence of a polyma having a portion can be identified.
- Fluorescent dyes having different wavelengths of excitation light for emitting fluorescence inside and outside the cell may be used.
- the second wavelength can be used.
- a polymer having a hydrophobic portion in the excitation light in the wavelength range of 2 can be identified and identified from the cell.
- Fluorescent dyes having different hues of fluorescence emitted with respect to the excitation wavelength depending on the environment inside and outside the cell may be used.
- Examples of such a fluorescent dye include compounds having a polyalkylene glycol chain, naphthofluorescein, and the like among the above-mentioned fluorescent dyes.
- Compounds having a polyalkylene glycol chain differ in the ease of forming multimers inside and outside the cell, and tend to form multimers outside the cell to increase the fluorescence intensity.
- naphthofluorescein whose fluorescence intensity changes according to the pH can be used.
- the fluorescence intensity emitted by staining the polymer having a hydrophobic portion with the fluorescent dye in the cell suspension is higher than the fluorescence intensity emitted by staining the cells with the fluorescent dye. It can be confirmed by observing or measuring the fluorescence intensity that the fluorescence intensity of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion is higher than that of the cells in the cell suspension. In one embodiment, when irradiated with excitation light of a predetermined wavelength, the fluorescence of cells is not detected in the cell suspension, and the fluorescence of a polymer having a hydrophobic portion can be detected.
- the fluorescence intensity of cells is less than a certain value (a) and the fluorescence intensity of a polymer having a hydrophobic portion is a certain value (a) or more or a constant value when irradiated with excitation light of a predetermined wavelength. It can be 1.1 times or more of (a), preferably 2 times or more of the constant value (a).
- the wavelength of the excitation light to fluoresce differs depending on the type of the fluorescent dye, it is preferable to select the excitation light in the wavelength range in which the fluorescent dye fluoresces more strongly. Examples of such fluorescent dyes include polyvalent anion compounds and the like from the above-mentioned fluorescent dyes.
- the fluorescent dye is hydrophobic when at least one selected from the group consisting of the temperature, concentration, and pH of the cell suspension in the cell suspension satisfies a certain range.
- examples thereof include a fluorescent dye having a property that the fluorescence intensity emitted by dyeing a polymer having a portion is higher or lower than the fluorescence intensity emitted by staining cells with a fluorescent dye.
- the cells and the polymer having a hydrophobic portion can be easily distinguished by detecting the fluorescence intensity after adjusting the temperature of the cell suspension or the like.
- the fluorescent dye when using a fluorescent dye whose fluorescence is detected under acidic to alkaline pH conditions, the fluorescent dye is added to the cell suspension, the cell suspension is adjusted to be acidic or alkaline, and then fluorescence is detected. can do.
- the conditions such as temperature and concentration are the same, and these conditions may be combined.
- the wavelength of the excitation light to fluoresce differs depending on the type of the fluorescent dye, but it is preferable to irradiate with the excitation light in the wavelength range in which the fluorescent dye strongly fluoresces.
- Examples of the fluorescent dye whose fluorescence intensity can be adjusted depending on the concentration condition include compounds having a polyalkylene glycol chain among the above-mentioned fluorescent dyes.
- Examples of the fluorescent dye whose fluorescence intensity can be adjusted under pH conditions include naphthofluorescein and the like among the above-mentioned fluorescent dyes.
- the method for adding the fluorescent dye to the cell suspension is not particularly limited, and for example, a solid fluorescent dye such as powder or granular may be added to the cell suspension, or the fluorescent dye may be used as a solvent.
- the composition dispersed or dissolved in the cell suspension may be added to the cell suspension. After adding the fluorescent dye to the cell suspension, it is preferable to mix or stir in order to uniformly mix the fluorescent dye in the cell suspension.
- a polymer having a hydrophobic part is a component that can be present in a cell suspension in cell culture using a microcarrier.
- the cell suspension obtained by removing the microcarriers after cell culture preferably contains cells and a liquid, and preferably has a small amount of solids other than cells.
- the content of a polymer having a hydrophobic portion is small. preferable.
- the microcarriers after cell culture can be removed from the cell suspension using a filter or the like.
- small pieces of microcarriers smaller in size than cells may not be removed from the cell suspension by a filter or the like.
- a polymer having a hydrophobic portion that can be contained in a cell suspension may contain a material for microcarriers. Also, for microcarriers that can be lysed by enzymes or the like, lysis residues smaller than the cell size may be contained in the cell suspension. If the dissolution residue contains a polymer having a hydrophobic portion, this dissolution residue can also be detected.
- the material of the microcarrier may be an organic substance, an inorganic substance, or a composite material thereof.
- the method according to one embodiment is useful for evaluating a polymer having a hydrophobic part in a cell suspension.
- organic substances for example, synthetic polymers such as polystyrene, polyester, polyurethane, polyethylene, polypropylene, (meth) acrylic polymer, (meth) acrylamide polymer, polyvinyl alcohol, silicone polymer, epoxy resin; natural such as collagen and gelatin.
- Polymers polygalacturonic acids such as pectin and pectinate; polysaccharides such as alginate, cellulose, crosslinked agarose, dextran, chitosan and the like can be mentioned.
- examples of the inorganic substance include glass, ceramics, metals, alloys, metal oxides and the like.
- the microcarrier preferably contains an organic substance.
- the microcarriers are formed by a polymer having a hydrophobic part
- the polymer having a hydrophobic part that can be mixed with the cell suspension can be evaluated.
- the polymer having a hydrophobic portion include those having hydrophobicity among the above-mentioned synthetic polymers and natural polymers, and those obtained by hydrophobizing the above-mentioned synthetic polymers or natural polymers.
- polystyrene, polyester and the like are used, and polystyrene is preferable.
- hydrophilic polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol, a sodium salt of a (meth) acrylic polymer, or a copolymer in which a large amount of hydrophilic group is introduced may be used as a microcarrier in which a hydrophobic group is introduced.
- Typical examples of the hydrophobic group include a chain or cyclic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group and the like.
- microcarriers formed from hydrogel may be used.
- this hydrogel use a hydrogel in which a hydrophobic group is introduced into a hydrophilic polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol, a sodium salt of a (meth) acrylic polymer, a copolymer having a large amount of hydrophilic groups introduced therein, or gelatin.
- a hydrophilic polymer such as polyvinyl alcohol, a sodium salt of a (meth) acrylic polymer, a copolymer having a large amount of hydrophilic groups introduced therein, or gelatin.
- Typical examples of the hydrophobic group include a chain or cyclic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic hydrocarbon group and the like.
- microcarriers may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a hydrophobic polymer or a polymer having a hydrophobic group is a polymer that can be evaluated according to one embodiment, and can be preferably used. Even if the polymer having a hydrophobic portion contained in the cell suspension is not derived from a microcarrier, it can be evaluated.
- a cationic functional group may be introduced on the surface of the microcarrier.
- the cationic functional group include a dimethylamino group, a diethylamino group, a group containing a substituted or unsubstituted cationic amino group such as an amino group, and the like.
- a cell adhesion polymer may be arranged on the surface of the microcarrier.
- cell adhesion polymer examples include collagen, gelatin, alginic acid, Matrigel TM (BD Biosciences), hyaluronic acid, laminin, fibronectin, vitronectin, elastin, heparan sulfate, dextran, dextran sulfate, chondroitin sulfate and the like.
- microcarriers examples include a spherical shape, a flat shape, a columnar shape, a plate shape, and a prismatic shape.
- the microcarriers preferably include spherical microcarriers.
- the microcarrier may be a porous microcarrier having pores inside or a microcarrier having no pores inside.
- the average particle size (D50) of the microcarrier is, for example, 50 to 1,000 ⁇ m, preferably 100 to 500 ⁇ m, more preferably 120 to 250 ⁇ m, and 150 to 250 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of promoting cell proliferation. Is even more preferable.
- the average particle size of the microcarrier is a value measured as the median diameter (D50) in physiological saline or a medium.
- the average particle size of the microcarriers can be measured by a laser diffraction / scattering type particle size distribution measuring device.
- the microcarrier used for cell culture is preferably larger than the size of the cells used for cell culture.
- the method for analyzing the fluorescence of the cell suspension to which the fluorescent dye is added is not particularly limited.
- fluorescence is observed in the cell suspension to confirm the presence of a polymer having a hydrophobic portion in the cell suspension. be able to.
- the cell does not fluoresce and the polymer having a hydrophobic part fluoresces in the cell suspension, or the cell. It is preferable that the fluorescence from the polymer is weak and the fluorescence from the polymer having a hydrophobic portion is strong.
- a multivalent anion compound can be used from the above-mentioned fluorescent dyes.
- a fluorescent dye having different fluorescent characteristics depending on the environment of the cell suspension can be used.
- a compound having a polyalkylene glycol chain or naphthofluorescein can be used from the above-mentioned fluorescent dyes.
- by analyzing the fluorescence from the cell suspension it is possible to compare and evaluate the amount of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion from the difference in fluorescence intensity.
- the presence or amount of a polyma having a hydrophobic part can be evaluated by analyzing the fluorescence of the cell suspension, and the size, shape, concentration, etc., or a combination thereof of the polyma having a hydrophobic part can be further measured. be able to. For example, by observing a cell suspension to which a fluorescent dye has been added by irradiating an excitation light with a fluorescence microscope, if a polymer having a hydrophobic portion is contained, the polymer having a hydrophobic portion stained with the fluorescent dye is observed. can do.
- the size, distribution, concentration, etc. of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion can be measured from the image analysis of the fluorescence microscope observation.
- spectrofluorometer analysis is performed while irradiating the cell suspension with the fluorescent dye with excitation light to confirm the high and low fluorescence intensity compared to the blank when a polymer having a hydrophobic portion is contained. can do. Further, by creating a calibration curve in advance, the concentration of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion can be measured from the fluorescence intensity.
- the excitation light to irradiate the cell suspension is preferably in a wavelength range in which strong fluorescence is emitted, depending on the type of fluorescent dye.
- the method for evaluating the cell suspension can include evaluating the presence of a polymer having a hydrophobic portion having a particle size equal to or smaller than the cell size in the cell suspension.
- a method of extracting only cells from a cell suspension after cell culture solid substances other than cells are removed from the cell suspension using a filter or the like based on the difference in size between cells and solid substances other than cells. Is being done. This method is suitable for removing solids larger than cells, but not for removing solids smaller than cells or about the same size as cells. Solids having a size much smaller than that of cells can be removed by washing by a method such as replacing the solvent of the cell suspension.
- the amount of polymer small pieces contained from the raw material of the microcarrier to be used for cell culture is about the same as or smaller than the cell size, these small particle size polymers are suspended in cells. It may be mixed without being removed from the liquid.
- the evaluation method described above can be used to evaluate whether or not the cell suspension contains a polymer having a hydrophobic portion having a small particle size. For example, when a cell suspension contains a polymer having a hydrophobic portion having a small particle size, the presence of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion is evaluated by adding a fluorescent dye to the cell suspension and detecting fluorescence. be able to. Further, as described in the evaluation method described above, the presence / absence, shape, distribution, concentration, etc. of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion can be evaluated by observing the cell suspension to which the fluorescent dye is added with a fluorescence microscope. can.
- the presence or absence of a polymer having a hydrophobic portion can be evaluated by spectrofluorometric analysis of the cell suspension to which the fluorescent dye has been added, and the concentration and the like can be evaluated by creating a calibration curve. be able to.
- the size of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion can be determined from the photographic image observed by observation with a fluorescence microscope.
- the polymer having a small piece of hydrophobic portion suitable for evaluation may be in the range of a particle size of 100 nm to 100 ⁇ m, or may be in the range of a particle size of 100 nm to 10 ⁇ m.
- the cell size may vary depending on the type of cell, but is usually 100 ⁇ m or less, 60 ⁇ m or less, 30 ⁇ m or less, and 20 ⁇ m or less.
- the size of the cells is not particularly limited, but is usually 1 ⁇ m or more, 5 ⁇ m or more, and 10 ⁇ m or more.
- the cell suspension can contain cells of 1-100 ⁇ m, preferably 5-20 ⁇ m.
- the method for measuring the cell size is not particularly limited, and can be measured by, for example, a known method using a cell sorter or a flow cytometer.
- the method for evaluating the cell suspension can include evaluating the presence of a polymer having a hydrophobic portion having a particle size of 0.01 to 5 times the cell size in the cell suspension.
- the particle size of the polymer having the hydrophobic portion to be evaluated is preferably 0.01 times or more, preferably 0.05 times or more, or 0.1 times or more the size of the cells.
- fluorescence can be detected when the fluorescent dye stains the polymer having a hydrophobic portion and fluoresces.
- the particle size of the polymer having the hydrophobic portion to be evaluated is preferably 5 times or less, preferably 4 times or less, or 3 times or less the size of the cell.
- a polymer having a hydrophobic portion having a particle size in this range can be contained in a cell suspension even in a state where microcarriers are removed, washed, etc. after cell culture, or a combination thereof is performed.
- the particle size of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion to be evaluated may be 0.01 to 5 times the cell size, 0.05 to 4 times the cell size, and the cell size. It may be 0.1 to 3 times as much as.
- the cell suspension can be obtained by performing cell culture using cells and microcarriers, separating the cells and microcarriers after cell culture, and removing the microcarriers to obtain a cell suspension.
- the fluorescent dye added to the cell suspension after the cell culture preferably stains a polymer having a hydrophobic portion, which is the same material as the microcarrier used in the cell culture.
- the above-mentioned fluorescent dye can be used.
- the method for removing the microcarriers from the cell suspension after the cell culture is not particularly limited, but the cells are detached from the microcarriers by an appropriate method, and due to the difference in size between the microcarriers and the cells, a filter or the like is used. Microcarriers with a larger particle size can be removed.
- An optional step may include washing the cell suspension after cell culture. This makes it possible to remove solids smaller than the cells contained in the cell suspension, for example, small pieces that may be contained in the microcarrier raw material.
- (1) evaluate the presence of a polymer having a hydrophobic portion having a particle size smaller than the cell size in the cell suspension, and (2) cell culture. It is preferable to evaluate at least one of evaluating the presence of a polymer having a hydrophobic portion having a particle size equal to or smaller than the average particle size of the microcarriers used in the above.
- the evaluation of (1) and the evaluation of (2) are combined, the evaluation of (2) may be performed after the evaluation of (1), and the reverse order may be performed.
- the evaluation of 2) may be performed at the same time.
- solids having a size larger than the cells can be removed from the cell suspension using a filter or the like, but they are larger than the cells and larger than the hydrophobic microcarriers used in the cell culture. Small size solids may remain. Therefore, we evaluated the existence of not only polymers having a hydrophobic part having a particle size smaller than the cell size, but also polymers having a size larger than the cell and having a hydrophobic part having a particle size smaller than the average particle size of the microcarriers. May be good.
- a polymer having a hydrophobic portion having a particle size smaller than the average particle size of the microcarriers is mixed in the cell suspension.
- examples of the polymer having such a hydrophobic portion having a small particle size include small pieces derived from a raw material of a microcarrier.
- the cell suspension according to one embodiment is characterized in that the number of polymers containing cells and having a hydrophobic portion of 1 ⁇ m or less is 10 or less per 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells. According to this, it is possible to provide a cell suspension in which the presence or absence of contamination of impurities derived from microcarriers has been evaluated.
- a cell suspension is a liquid in which cells are dispersed in a dispersion medium. Details are as described above.
- the cell suspension it is preferable that the cell carrier such as a microcarrier is removed after the cell culture. It is preferable that the cell suspension from which the cell carrier such as the microcarrier has been removed after the cell culture does not contain the microcarrier itself, and further, a part of the microcarrier, particularly a small particle diameter derived from the hydrophobic microcarrier. It is preferable that the polymer having a hydrophobic portion of the above is not contained.
- the number of polymers having a hydrophobic portion having a particle size equal to or smaller than a typical cell size is small, and for example, the number of polymers having a hydrophobic portion having a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less is preferable.
- the number of polymers having a hydrophobic portion of 1 ⁇ m or less is preferably 10 or less per 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells, more preferably 8 or less, still more preferably 6 or less.
- the number of polymas having a hydrophobic part of 1 ⁇ m or less may be 0 per 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells, that is, in an undetectable state, but the polyma having a hydrophobic part having a small particle size is completely used. To the extent that no additional procedure is required for removal, the number may exceed 0 per 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells, and may be 1 or more.
- the number of polymers having a hydrophobic portion of 1 ⁇ m or less may be 0 to 10, may be more than 0 to 8, and may be 1 to 6 per 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells.
- the measuring method of the number of polymer having a 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells per 1 ⁇ m or less of the hydrophobic part, a fluorescent dye was added to the cell suspension, it was stained polymer having a hydrophobic portion In this state, observe the image using a microscope or the like, measure the particle size of the polymer having a hydrophobic part observed in the predetermined region, and measure the number of cells observed in the predetermined region and the hydrophobicity of 1 ⁇ m or less. It can be obtained by counting the number of polymers having a portion.
- the size of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion can be determined from the photographic image observed by observation with a fluorescence microscope.
- the number of polymers having a 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells per 1 ⁇ m or less of the hydrophobic portion uses the image to be used for image observation, it is also possible to calculate and obtain processed by performing the image analysis. Similarly, the particle size of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion can be obtained by image analysis.
- the cell suspension may be used as it is, but the diluted cell suspension is used after diluting by adding a solvent within a range in which the ratio of the polymer having the hydrophobic portion to the cells is not changed. You may.
- the cell suspension according to another embodiment contains cells and a fluorescent dye capable of staining a polymer having a hydrophobic portion, and the fluorescence intensity at which the polymer having a hydrophobic portion is stained by the fluorescent dye and fluoresces is determined.
- the cells are stained with the fluorescent dye and have a fluorescence intensity higher than that of fluorescence. According to this, it is possible to provide a cell suspension in which the presence or absence of contamination of impurities derived from microcarriers has been evaluated.
- a cell suspension is a liquid in which cells are dispersed in a dispersion medium. Details are as described above.
- the cell suspension it is preferable that the cell carrier such as a microcarrier is removed after the cell culture.
- the cell suspension from which the cell carrier such as the microcarrier has been removed after the cell culture does not contain the microcarrier, and further, the hydrophobic portion having a small particle size derived from the microcarrier, particularly the hydrophobic microcarrier.
- the polymer having the above is not contained.
- the number of polymers having a hydrophobic portion of 1 ⁇ m or less is preferably 10 or less per 1 ⁇ 10 4 cells.
- the cell suspension preferably contains a fluorescent dye along with the cells.
- the fluorescent dye is as described above.
- fluorescence can be detected when the cell suspension contains a polymer having a hydrophobic portion.
- the cell suspension does not contain a polymer having a hydrophobic portion or does not fluoresce. Fluorescence will not be detected if the amount is.
- a fluorescent dye is added after cell culture, and when the cell suspension is used, it is irradiated with excitation light, so that a polymer having a hydrophobic portion in the cell suspension is present. Or, the concentration and the like can be confirmed from the fluorescence intensity.
- the process of preparing the cell suspension and the process of using the cell suspension are separated in time or space, the process of preparing the cell suspension does not require strict product control.
- the presence of a polymer having a hydrophobic portion in the cell suspension, or the concentration and the like can be easily confirmed from the fluorescence intensity.
- the reagent for evaluating the cell suspension is characterized by containing a fluorescent dye capable of staining a polymer having a hydrophobic portion and a buffer solution, and having an osmotic pressure of 100 to 400 mosm / Kg.
- the cell suspension By adding this reagent to the cell suspension, if the cell suspension contains a polymer having a hydrophobic portion, the cell suspension is irradiated with excitation light to detect fluorescence from the cell suspension. This makes it possible to evaluate the presence of a polymer having a hydrophobic portion in the cell suspension. If the cell suspension is free of hydrophobic polymers, fluorescence from the cell suspension will not be detected. By adding this reagent to the cell suspension, irradiating the cell suspension with excitation light, and observing the fluorescence from the cell suspension with a fluorescence microscope, if a polymer having a hydrophobic portion is present, it is hydrophobic. The shape, distribution, concentration, etc. of the polymer having a portion can be further evaluated.
- the above-mentioned fluorescent dye can be used as the fluorescent dye.
- a phosphate buffer solution or the like can be used as the buffer solution.
- the polymer having a hydrophobic portion to be evaluated is the same as the polymer having a hydrophobic portion described above.
- the concentration of the fluorescent dye is preferably 1 to 1000 ⁇ g / mL.
- the osmotic pressure of this reagent is preferably 100 to 400 mosm / Kg.
- the osmotic pressure of this reagent is preferably 100 mosm / Kg or more, more preferably 200 mosm / Kg or more, and even more preferably 250 mosm / Kg or more.
- the osmotic pressure of this reagent is preferably 400 mosm / Kg or less, more preferably 375 mosm / Kg or less, and even more preferably 350 mosm / Kg or less.
- the osmotic pressure is applied to the solution side in order to stop the movement of water that permeates to the solution side through the semipermeable membrane when water as a solvent is placed on one side through the semipermeable membrane and the solution is placed on the other side. The pressure applied.
- a reagent containing a fluorescent dye capable of staining a polyma having a hydrophobic portion and a buffer solution for evaluating a cell suspension and having an osmotic pressure of 100 to 400 mosm / Kg is provided. can do.
- a sample containing a microcarrier and a liquid for use in cell culture or containing a liquid after treatment of the microcarrier is prepared, and a hydrophobic portion is added to the sample. It is characterized by comprising adding a fluorescent dye capable of dyeing a polymer having the above and performing fluorescence analysis, and evaluating the microcarriers from the fluorescence analysis of the sample. According to this, it is possible to provide a microcarrier in which the presence or absence of polymer small pieces is evaluated.
- the content of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion having a small particle size in the microcarrier is small, and then a cell suspension is prepared using this microcarrier.
- the content of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion having a small particle size can be reduced in the cell suspension.
- the microcarrier for use in cell culture may be an unused microcarrier, but may also be a microcarrier that is recovered and reused after cell culture.
- the microcarrier to be evaluated the above-mentioned microcarrier can be used.
- microcarriers formed by a hydrophobic polymer, a polymer having a hydrophobic group, or the like can be preferably evaluated.
- the liquid is preferably an aqueous liquid, and the main solvent is preferably water.
- the sample containing the liquid after the microcarriers have been treated includes, for example, a liquid in a state in which the microcarrier raw material is dispersed in the liquid and then the microcarriers are removed. Specifically, it is a liquid after washing the microcarriers with a liquid and recovering the microcarriers.
- the liquid is preferably an aqueous liquid, and the main solvent is preferably water.
- the concentration of the microcarrier is not particularly limited, but can be 0.1 to 100 g / L, 1 to 100 g / L, 1 to 50 g / L, or 1 to 20 g / L. If the sample has a high concentration of microcarriers, it may be diluted with additional solution to a range suitable for fluorescence analysis.
- the above-mentioned fluorescent dye can be used as the fluorescent dye added to the sample.
- any fluorescent dye capable of staining a polymer having a hydrophobic portion can be preferably used.
- coumarin dyes and DCM dyes can be preferably used.
- the above-mentioned method can be applied to the method of adding the fluorescent dye and the method of analyzing the fluorescence.
- the method for analyzing the fluorescence of the sample to which the fluorescent dye is added is not particularly limited.
- the sample to which the fluorescent dye is added is irradiated with excitation light, fluorescence is observed in the sample, so that it can be confirmed that a polymer having a hydrophobic portion is present in the sample. Further, by analyzing the fluorescence from the sample, it is possible to compare and evaluate the amount of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion from the difference in fluorescence intensity.
- the presence or amount of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion can be evaluated by fluorescence analysis of the sample, and the size, shape, concentration, etc. of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion, or a combination thereof can be further measured.
- a fluorescence microscope or spectroscopic fluorescence intensity analysis can be used.
- the measurement method described above can be applied.
- the evaluation method of the microcarrier can include, for example, the presence of a polymer having a hydrophobic portion having a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less in the sample, or the evaluation of the amount thereof. Since the average particle size of a typical microcarrier is 120 to 250 ⁇ m, it is advisable to evaluate the presence or amount of small pieces having a small particle size of 1 m or less.
- the sample In the case of evaluation using a sample containing a microcarrier and a liquid, the sample is in a state where the microcarrier is contained, and further, a polymer having a hydrophobic portion having a small particle size can be contained. Therefore, when a fluorescent dye is added to the sample, fluorescence from the microcarriers can be detected, but fluorescence may also be emitted from a polymer having a hydrophobic portion having a small particle size. In this case, by observing the image using a fluorescence microscope or the like, it is necessary to distinguish between the microcarrier and the polymer having a hydrophobic part having a small particle size, and to evaluate the existence of the polymer having a hydrophobic part having a small particle size. Can be done.
- the sample When evaluation is performed using a sample in which microcarriers are removed from the liquid as a sample containing the liquid after the microcarriers have been treated, the sample does not contain the microcarriers, but the particle size is smaller than that of the microcarriers. It is a state in which a polymer having a hydrophobic portion can be contained. Therefore, by adding a fluorescent dye to the sample and detecting the fluorescence, it is possible to evaluate whether or not a polymer having a hydrophobic portion having a small particle size is present in the sample. From this evaluation result, it can be evaluated that the microcarriers subjected to the treatment would have contained a polymer having a hydrophobic portion having a small particle size.
- the shape, distribution, concentration, etc. of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion can be evaluated, and small particles that may be contained in the microcarriers to be treated can be evaluated.
- the presence of a polymer having a hydrophobic portion of diameter can be evaluated.
- by measuring the fluorescence intensity of the sample to which the fluorescent dye is added it is possible to evaluate the amount, concentration, etc. of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion having a small particle size that may be contained in the microcarrier to be treated.
- Method for producing cell suspension using a method for evaluating a microcarrier, a method for evaluating a cell suspension, or a combination thereof will be described.
- the method for producing a cell suspension (A) the microcarriers for cell culture are washed and filtered, and a fluorescent dye capable of staining a polymer having a hydrophobic portion is added to the filtered filtrate for fluorescence. Includes analysis, evaluation of microcarriers by fluorescence analysis of the filtrate, and cell culture using the evaluated microcarriers.
- cells are cultured using a composition containing microcarriers, and microcarriers are removed from the cell suspension containing the cultured cells and microcarriers.
- a fluorescent dye capable of staining a polymer having a hydrophobic portion to the cell suspension from which microcarriers have been removed and performing fluorescence analysis, and by fluorescent analysis of the cell suspension from which microcarriers have been removed, cell suspension is performed. Includes assessing turbidity.
- a method (C) for producing a cell suspension of still another example cell culture is performed using the microcarriers evaluated in the above production method (A) to obtain a cell suspension, and cells after culture are obtained.
- a fluorescent dye capable of staining a polymer having a hydrophobic portion to the cell suspension from which the microcarriers have been removed, and perform fluorescence analysis. Includes evaluating the cell suspension by fluorescence analysis of the removed cell suspension. According to each of these embodiments, the presence or absence of contamination of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion in the cell suspension can be evaluated to provide the cell suspension.
- the method (A) for producing a cell suspension will be described with reference to the flowchart shown in FIG.
- the powdery or dispersed liquid microcarriers are mixed with the liquid and washed by stirring, and after the washing, the microcarriers are filtered using a filter or the like to form the microcarriers and the filtrate.
- a filter with a pore size of 1-100 ⁇ m, preferably 10-50 ⁇ m may be used to separate typical sized microcarriers.
- the fluorescent dye is added to the filtrate.
- the fluorescent dye it is preferable to use a dye capable of dyeing a polymer having a hydrophobic portion, and for example, the above-mentioned fluorescent dye may be used.
- the method for adding the fluorescent dye to the filtrate is not particularly limited, and the above method may be used.
- the filtrate to which the fluorescent dye has been added is irradiated with excitation light to measure the fluorescence intensity, and the measured value is equal to or less than the reference value.
- This low fluorescence intensity indicates that the amount of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion contained in the filtrate is small, and as a result, it can be evaluated that the amount of small pieces of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion contained in the microcarrier is small. ..
- the cells are finally obtained by subjecting the microcarriers to cell culture. It is possible to further prevent contamination of cell suspension with small pieces of polymer having a hydrophobic portion.
- the reference value in S13 may be set so as to appropriately satisfy the reference required in various cell cultures. As an example, the fluorescence intensity of water containing a polymer having a hydrophobic portion in a state where the microcarriers used for washing are crushed to 1 ⁇ m or less at a concentration of 10% by mass, preferably 1% by mass can be used as a reference value.
- the fluorescence intensity of water containing polystyrene having an average particle size of 1 ⁇ m at 10 g / L, preferably 1 g / L can be used as a reference value.
- a state in which the number of small pieces of polyma having a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less is 10 pieces / m 2 per unit area can be used as a reference value by observation with a fluorescence microscope.
- the microcarrier can be subjected to cell culture (S14). If the reference value is not satisfied in S13, it is possible to return to S11 again and repeat the rewashing until the reference value is satisfied.
- cells in the step (S21) of culturing using a composition containing cells and microcarriers, cells can be cultured according to a usual method using a composition containing cells and microcarriers. Then, in the step of detaching the cells from the microcarriers (S22), the cells can be detached from the microcarriers according to a usual method. For example, a proteolytic enzyme such as trypsin can be added to the cell suspension to detach the cells from the microcarriers.
- a proteolytic enzyme such as trypsin can be added to the cell suspension to detach the cells from the microcarriers.
- the cells and the microcarriers can be separated according to a usual method.
- cells and microcarriers can be separated by removing coarse particles having a particle size larger than that of cells using a filter or the like.
- a filter with a pore size of 10 to 150 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 100 ⁇ m may be used to remove typical size microcarriers.
- This method does not remove microparticles that have a particle size that is the same as or smaller than that of the cell, so that the cell and the small pieces of polyma that have a hydrophobic part are not separated, and the hydrophobic part is added to the cell suspension together with the cell. Small pieces of polyma may remain.
- centrifugation when the specific densities of the cells and the microcarriers are different, it is also possible to separate them by using centrifugation.
- the step of washing the cell suspension may be an optional step and may be provided as needed.
- the step of washing the cell suspension may be an optional step and may be provided as needed.
- fine particles that can be contained in the cell suspension can be removed.
- the cell suspension may contain small pieces of polymer having a hydrophobic portion that can be mixed with the raw material of the microcarrier itself. Small pieces of polymer having such a hydrophobic portion can be removed by washing within a range having a particle size smaller than that of cells.
- S23 and D24 coarse particles larger than cells and fine particles smaller than cells can be removed, but particles of the same size as or as large as cells are not removed from the cell suspension. It is in a state.
- the fluorescent dye is added to the cell suspension.
- the fluorescent dye it is preferable to use a dye capable of dyeing a polymer having a hydrophobic portion, and for example, the above-mentioned fluorescent dye may be used.
- the method for adding the fluorescent dye to the cell suspension is not particularly limited, and the above method may be used.
- the cell suspension to which the fluorescent dye has been added is irradiated with excitation light and the fluorescence intensity is measured. Determine if the measured value is below the reference value. This low fluorescence intensity indicates that the amount of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion contained in the cell suspension is small.
- the reference value in S26 may be set so as to appropriately satisfy the reference required for various cell cultures.
- the fluorescence intensity of water containing a polyma having a hydrophobic portion in a state where the microcarriers used for cell culture are crushed to 1 ⁇ m or less at a concentration of 10% by mass, preferably 1% by mass can be used as a reference value.
- the fluorescence intensity of water containing polystyrene having an average particle size of 1 ⁇ m at 10 g / L, preferably 1 g / L can be used as a reference value.
- a state in which the number of small pieces of polyma having a particle size of 1 ⁇ m or less is 10 pieces / m 2 per unit area can be used as a reference value by observation with a fluorescence microscope.
- the cell suspension to which the fluorescent dye is added is irradiated with the excitation light by a fluorescence microscope or visual inspection.
- a method of detecting fluorescence may be used.
- the cell suspension to which the fluorescent dye is added is irradiated with excitation light, and the shape, size, concentration, etc. of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion are measured using a fluorescence microscope, and from these results, the cell suspension is obtained. You may observe the state of mixing of the polyma having the hydrophobic part of. From this observation result, it is also possible to evaluate the amount of the polymer having a hydrophobic portion mixed in the cell suspension. In addition, using this observation result, it is also possible to further remove the polymer having a hydrophobic portion from the cell suspension.
- the cell culture method can include preparing microcarriers, placing the microcarriers in a culture system, and culturing cells in the presence of the microcarriers.
- the target cells can be seeded in the culture system in advance, and the microcarriers can be arranged in the subsequent culture system.
- the cells that can be cultured it is preferable to use cells that can promote cell growth while being supported by microcarriers, and for example, adherent cells are preferable.
- the cell may be a somatic cell, for example, a stem cell, a progenitor cell, a differentiated cell, or the like, and a stem cell is preferable.
- the cell is preferably an animal-derived cell, more preferably a mammalian-derived cell. Mammals include, for example, humans, monkeys, chimpanzees, cows, pigs, horses, sheep, goats, rabbits, rats, mice, guinea pigs, dogs, cats and the like.
- the tissue from which the cells are derived is not particularly limited, and may be, for example, skin, liver, kidney, muscle, bone, blood vessel, blood, nerve tissue, or the like.
- the cell may be a primary cultured cell, a cultured cell line, a recombinant cultured cell line, or the like.
- stem cells include somatic stem cells such as mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, nerve stem cells, bone marrow stem cells, germline stem cells, and dental pulp stem cells, and mesenchymal stem cells are preferable.
- Mesenchymal stem cells broadly mean somatic stem cells that are present in various tissues of an individual and can differentiate into all or some of mesenchymal cells such as osteoblasts, chondrocytes and adipocytes. ..
- mesenchymal stem cells examples include bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells, umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and adipose tissue-derived mesenchymal stem cells, and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells are preferable.
- stem cells include induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS cells), embryonic stem cells (ES cells), embryonic reproductive stem cells (EG cells), pluripotent reproductive stem cells (mGS cells), and embryonic tumor cells (EC cells).
- iPS cells induced pluripotent stem cells
- ES cells embryonic stem cells
- EG cells embryonic reproductive stem cells
- mGS cells pluripotent reproductive stem cells
- EC cells embryonic tumor cells
- Muse cells and other pluripotent stem cells may be used.
- cells include endothelial cells, epidermal cells, epithelial cells, myocardial cells, myoblasts, nerve cells, bone cells, osteoblasts, fibroblasts, fat cells, hepatocytes, renal cells, pancreatic cells, and adrenal cells.
- Differentiated cells such as root membrane cells, gingival cells, bone membrane cells, skin cells, dendritic cells, macrophages, lymphocytes; precursor cells in the pre-stage from stem cells to these differentiated cells.
- one type can be used alone, or two or more types can be used in combination.
- the medium used for culturing cells preferably contains inorganic salts, amino acids, sugars, and water.
- the medium may further contain any component such as serum, vitamins, hormones, antibiotics, growth factors, adhesion factors and the like.
- a medium known as a basal medium for cell culture can be used as the medium.
- any medium known to be used for culturing selected cells can be used without particular limitation.
- DMEM Dynamic modified Eagle's medium
- MEM Eagle's minimum essential
- Medium ⁇ MEM medium (Eagle's minimum essential medium ⁇ modified type) and the like, but are not limited thereto.
- serum such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), horse serum, and human serum
- the medium used for culturing may be one that does not contain heterologous components.
- the medium containing no heterologous component is a serum substitute additive (for example, Knockout Serum Replacement (KSR) (manufactured by Invitrogen), Chemically-defined Lipid connected (manufactured by Gibco), Glutamax (manufactured by Gibco), instead of the serum derived from animals. Company)), etc.
- KSR Knockout Serum Replacement
- serum-free media such as Essential 8 (Thermo Fisher), mTeSR1 (STEMCELL Technologies), StemFit series (Takara Bio Inc.), and StemFlex (Thermo Fisher Scientific) can be used.
- Additives may be added to the medium as needed.
- additives include vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, vitamin B12, vitamin C and vitamin D; coenzymes such as folic acid; glycine, alanine, arginine, asparagine, glutamine, isoleucine and leucine.
- Equivalent amino acids sugars or organic acids as carbon sources such as lactic acid; growth factors such as EGF, FGF, PFGF, TGF- ⁇ ; interleukins such as IL-1, IL-6; TNF- ⁇ , TNF- ⁇ , leptin And the like; metal transporters such as transferase; metal ions such as iron ion, selenium ion, zinc ion; SH reagents such as ⁇ -mercaptoethanol, glutathione; proteins such as albumin and the like.
- growth factors such as EGF, FGF, PFGF, TGF- ⁇
- interleukins such as IL-1, IL-6
- TNF- ⁇ , TNF- ⁇ leptin And the like
- metal transporters such as transferase
- metal ions such as iron ion, selenium ion, zinc ion
- SH reagents such as ⁇ -mercaptoethanol, glutathione
- proteins such as albumin and the like.
- cell culture method is not particularly limited, and a method suitable for each cell may be used.
- cell culture is in the range of 30-40 ° C, preferably at a temperature of 36-37 ° C, pH is in the range of 6.2-7.7, preferably 7.4, and CO 2 concentration is 4-. It can be carried out in an environment of 10% by volume, preferably 5 to 7% by volume.
- Culture using microcarriers varies depending on the type of cells and the type of microcarriers, but is, for example, 1 ⁇ 10 3 to 20 ⁇ 10 5 cells / mL, preferably 5 ⁇ 10 3 to 10 ⁇ 10 5 cells / mL.
- mL of cells for example, 0.1 to 100 g / L, preferably 1.0 to 20 g / L of microcarriers can be combined.
- the second embodiment may include various embodiments as follows.
- a fluorescent dye capable of staining a polymer having a hydrophobic portion is added to a cell suspension containing cells, and the cell suspension to which the fluorescent dye is added is irradiated with excitation light to fluoresce.
- a method comprising analyzing and evaluating the cell suspension from the fluorescence analysis, comprising evaluating the cell suspension.
- a sample containing a microcarrier and a liquid for use in cell culture or containing a liquid after the microcarrier has been treated is prepared, and the sample is stained with a polymer having a hydrophobic portion.
- a method comprising adding a possible fluorescent dye and performing a fluorescence analysis, and evaluating the microcarriers from the fluorescence analysis, including evaluating the microcarriers.
- the embodiment (3) is a cell suspension containing cells and having 10 or less polymers per 1 ⁇ 10 4 having a hydrophobic portion of 1 ⁇ m or less.
- the embodiment (4) includes cells and a fluorescent dye capable of staining a polymer having a hydrophobic portion, and the fluorescence intensity at which the polymer having a hydrophobic portion is stained by the fluorescent dye and fluoresces is determined by the fluorescent dye.
- a cell suspension with a higher fluorescence intensity than the cells are stained and fluorescent.
- the embodiment (5) is a reagent for evaluating a cell suspension, which comprises a fluorescent dye capable of staining a polymer having a hydrophobic portion and a buffer solution, and has an osmotic pressure of 100 to 400 mosm / Kg.
- Embodiment (6) is the use of a reagent containing a fluorescent dye capable of staining a polymer having a hydrophobic portion and a buffer solution for evaluating a cell suspension and having an osmotic pressure of 100 to 400 mosm / Kg. ..
- the fluorescent dye is a group consisting of a porphyrin dye, a phthalocyanine dye, a polyphenylene vinylene dye, a pyrene dye, a xanthene dye, a coumarin dye, and a DCM dye. It may contain at least one selected from.
- the fluorescent dye may have different fluorescent characteristics in the intracellular environment and the extracellular environment.
- the fluorescent dye has a fluorescence intensity that stains the polymer having the hydrophobic portion in the cell suspension and emits the fluorescence intensity of the cell suspension. It is preferable that the fluorescence intensity is higher than the fluorescence intensity emitted by staining the cells in the liquid.
- the presence or amount of the polyma having the hydrophobic portion in the cell suspension may be evaluated by fluorescence analysis of the cell suspension.
- fluorescence analysis of the cell suspension measures at least one selected from the group consisting of the size, shape, and concentration of the polyma having the hydrophobic portion in the cell suspension. May be included.
- the particle size of the polymer having the hydrophobic portion is measured by fluorescence analysis of the cell suspension, and the presence of the polymer having the hydrophobic portion having a particle size equal to or smaller than the size of the cell is present. You should evaluate it.
- the particle size of the polymer having the hydrophobic part is measured by fluorescence analysis of the cell suspension, and the hydrophobic part having a particle size of 0.01 to 5 times the size of the cell is determined. It is advisable to evaluate the existence of the having polymer.
- the fluorescent dye is used. It is preferable that the fluorescence intensity emitted by staining the polymer having the hydrophobic portion in the cell suspension is higher than the fluorescence intensity emitted by staining the cells in the cell suspension.
- the cell suspension in the cell suspension, cells are cultured using cells and microcarriers, the cells and the microcarriers are separated after the cell culture, and the cells after removing the microcarriers. It should be a suspension.
- the particle size of the polymer having the hydrophobic portion is measured by fluorescence analysis of the cell suspension, and there is a polymer having a hydrophobic portion having a particle size equal to or less than the average particle size of the microcarrier. You should evaluate what you do.
- the sample is preferably a filtrate obtained by washing the microcarriers with a liquid and filtering them.
- the numerical range indicated by using "-" indicates a range including the numerical values before and after "-" as the minimum value and the maximum value, respectively.
- the upper limit value or the lower limit value of the numerical range of one step can be arbitrarily combined with the upper limit value or the lower limit value of the numerical range of another step.
- the materials exemplified in the present specification may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content of each component in the composition is the total amount of the plurality of substances present in the composition unless otherwise specified, when a plurality of substances corresponding to each component are present in the composition. Means.
- the term "process” is included in this term not only in an independent process but also in the case where the desired action of the process is achieved even if it cannot be clearly distinguished from other processes.
- ⁇ Manufacturing example 1> Prepare an aqueous solution of pectin and a PBS solution (hereinafter referred to as "pectin solution") having the concentrations shown in Table 1, and put 0.5 mL of the pectin solution and 0.5 mL of concentrated hydrochloric acid (12 mol / L) in a screw cap test tube, respectively. And 10 mg of naphthresolcin were added to prepare a mixture, and the mixture was heated at 90 ° C. for 2 hours with stirring to obtain a reaction mixture.
- pectin solution a PBS solution
- the obtained solution was further diluted 100-fold with ethanol, and then the fluorescence intensity at an excitation wavelength of 512 nm was measured.
- a fluorescence spectrophotometer (JASCO Corporation) was used for fluorescence analysis. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the pectin in the sample can be fluorescently analyzed and that it can be quantified by using a large amount of naphthresorcin with respect to the amount of pectin.
- the pectin concentration was proportional to the fluorescence intensity, and the pectin concentration could be confirmed from the fluorescence intensity by using a calibration curve or the like. According to this method, saccharides in a sample can be measured or quantified easily and sensitively by fluorescence or absorption analysis of saccharides. Therefore, even if it is a polysaccharide, the hydrolyzate of the polysaccharide can be easily and sensitively measured by combining hydrolysis and fluorescence or absorption analysis.
- cells are cultured using a soluble polysaccharide cell support, and then the cell support is lysed to recover the cells.
- the presence or absence of residue on the support, the amount of residue, and the like can be used as an index for simple evaluation.
- ⁇ Production Example 2 Evaluation method of cell suspension> "Preparation of dye solution, cell suspension, microcarrier fragment dispersion"
- the following dye powder or dye stock solution was diluted with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) to prepare a dye solution having a concentration of 1 ⁇ g / mL to 1000 ⁇ g / mL.
- a cell suspension of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSC; obtained from Takara Bio Inc.) was prepared by recovering the cultured hMSC by trypsin treatment and then centrifuging and washing with PBS.
- the cell density was 8.2 ⁇ 10 5 cells / mL.
- microcarrier fragment dispersion liquid As a microcarrier fragment dispersion liquid, 5 g of microcarriers (125 to 212 ⁇ m in diameter; spherical crosslinked polystyrene; “SoloHill Star-Plus” manufactured by Pall) was placed in a glass vial and crushed with a magnetic stirrer for 1 day, and 60 ⁇ m. A filtrate filtered through the mesh of the above was prepared. That is, a dispersion liquid containing microcarrier fragments having a small particle size that passed through a 60 ⁇ m mesh was prepared.
- Dye solution The concentrations of the dye and the dye solution used are as follows.
- Dye (a1) Tetraphenyl Profilin Tetrasulfonic Acid (TPPS); 1 ⁇ g / mL.
- Dye (a2) Poly (5-methoxy-2- (3-sulfopropoxy) -1,4-phenylene vinylene); 100 ⁇ g / mL.
- Dye (a3) Methoxypolyethylene glycol pyrene; 1000 ⁇ g / mL.
- Blue fluorescence was observed with excitation light of 360 to 370 nm, green fluorescence was observed with excitation light of 450 to 480 nm, and red fluorescence was observed with excitation light of 510 to 550 nm.
- the dye (a1) is observed with red fluorescence
- the dye (a2) is observed with green fluorescence
- the dye (a3) is observed with blue fluorescence and red fluorescence
- the dye (a4) is observed with green fluorescence and red fluorescence.
- the dye (a5) was observed with red fluorescence
- the dye (a6) was observed with green fluorescence
- the dye (a7) was observed with red fluorescence.
- FIG. 1 The obtained bright-field image and fluorescence image are shown in FIG.
- the image in the left column is a blank sample containing cells and a fluorescent dye
- the image in the right column is a sample containing cells, a fluorescent dye and microcarrier debris.
- the upper row is a bright field image
- the lower row is a fluorescence image.
- a1 is an example using the dye (a1)
- the lower part is an observation image of red fluorescence.
- the cells were almost non-fluorescent, but microcarrier debris was observed with strong red fluorescence.
- the figure (a2) is an example using the dye (a2)
- the lower part is an observation image of green fluorescence.
- the cells were almost non-fluorescent, but microcarrier debris was strongly observed with green fluorescence.
- FIG. 2 The obtained bright-field image and fluorescence image are shown in FIG.
- the image in the left column is a blank sample containing cells and a fluorescent dye
- the image in the right column is a sample containing cells, a fluorescent dye and microcarrier debris.
- the upper row is a bright field image
- the interruption is a blue (a3) or green (a4) fluorescence image
- the lower row is a red fluorescence image.
- (a3) is an example using the dye (a3).
- the cells and microcarrier fragments When excited with light having a wavelength of 360 to 370 nm, the cells and microcarrier fragments were blue-fluorescent, and when excited with light having a wavelength of 510 to 550 nm, the cells were not fluorescent, but microcarrier fragments were observed with red fluorescence.
- the figure (a4) is an example using the dye (a4).
- the cells and microcarrier fragments When excited with light having a wavelength of 450 to 480 nm, the cells and microcarrier fragments were green-fluorescent, and when excited with light having a wavelength of 510 to 550 nm, the cells were not fluorescent, but microcarrier fragments were observed with red fluorescence.
- the bright-field image and the fluorescence image obtained by observing the dye (a5) are shown in FIG.
- the upper image (a5-1) is a blank sample containing cells and a fluorescent dye
- the lower image (a5-2) is a sample containing cells, a fluorescent dye and microcarrier debris.
- the sample (a5-1) and the sample (a5-2) in the figure are a bright field image in the upper left, a blue fluorescence image in the lower left, a pink fluorescence image in the upper right, and a red fluorescence image in the lower right, respectively.
- the dye (a5) was a pink fluorescent image and a red fluorescent image, and cells and microcarrier fragments were observed.
- the dye (a5) was a blue fluorescence image, and although the fluorescence intensity was low, microcarrier fragments were observed. From the blue fluorescence image, the presence or absence of microcarrier fragments can be determined.
- cells and microcarrier fragments can be distinguished and distinguished from the fluorescence image according to the shape.
- Microcarriers (diameter 125-212 ⁇ m; spherical crosslinked polystyrene; “SoloHill Star-Plus” manufactured by Pall) were prepared. 3 g of microcarriers and 25 mL of water were mixed, and the mixed solution was filtered and washed using a filter having a pore size of 10 ⁇ m. This cleaning operation was repeated 3 times.
- Dye solution The concentrations of the fluorescent dye and the dye solution used are as follows.
- Dye (b1) Tetraphenyl Profilin Tetrasulfonic Acid (TPPS); 1 ⁇ g / mL.
- Dye (b2) Coumarin 6; 1 ⁇ g / mL.
- Dye (b3) DCM (4- (dicyanomethylene) -2-methyl-6- (4-dimethylaminostyryl) -4H-pyran); 1 ⁇ g / mL.
- Green fluorescence was observed with excitation light of 450 to 480 nm, and red fluorescence was observed with excitation light of 510 to 550 nm.
- the dye (b1) was observed with red fluorescence
- the dye (b2) was observed with green fluorescence
- the dye (b3) was observed with red fluorescence.
- the obtained bright-field image and fluorescence image are shown in FIG.
- the upper row is a bright field image
- the lower row is a fluorescence image.
- the figure (b1) is an example using the dye (b1)
- the lower row is a red fluorescence image.
- the dye (b1) small pieces of microcarriers observed in the upper bright-field image were also observed in the lower fluorescent image, and small pieces of microcarriers could be confirmed by red fluorescence.
- the figure (b2) is an example using the dye (b2), and the lower row is a green fluorescent image.
- the dye (b2) small pieces of microcarriers observed in the upper bright-field image were also observed in the lower fluorescent image, and small pieces of microcarriers could be confirmed by green fluorescence.
- the figure (b3) is an example using the dye (b3), and the lower row is a red fluorescence image.
- the dye (b3) small pieces of microcarriers observed in the upper bright-field image were also observed in the lower fluorescent image, and small pieces of microcarriers could be confirmed by red fluorescence. Since small pieces of microcarriers were confirmed in the filtrate after washing the microcarriers, it is evaluated that the small pieces were mixed in the microcarriers before washing. In addition, the size and distribution of small pieces mixed in the microcarrier before cleaning are evaluated from the image observation.
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Abstract
Description
本開示は、細胞支持体由来成分を簡便に測定可能な細胞支持体由来成分の測定方法を提供することを課題とする。また、本開示は、細胞支持体由来成分に基づいて細胞懸濁液を評価可能な細胞懸濁液の評価方法を提供することを課題とする。本開示は、細胞懸濁液へのマイクロキャリアの残留物の混入有無の評価方法を提供することを課題とする。
上記の第1の側面は、多糖類細胞支持体由来成分、酸、並びに、水酸基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、及びカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる官能基を1つ以上有する芳香族化合物を含む混合物を用いて、細胞支持体由来成分を測定することを含んでもよい。
上記の第1の側面は、可溶性の細胞支持体の存在下で培養され、細胞支持体の溶解後に回収される細胞を含む細胞懸濁液を評価する方法であって、前記細胞懸濁液から得られる評価用試料、酸、並びに、水酸基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、及びカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる官能基を1つ以上有する芳香族化合物を含む混合物を用いて、細胞懸濁液を評価することを含んでもよい。
(1)多糖類細胞支持体由来成分、酸、並びに、水酸基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、及びカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる官能基を1つ以上有する芳香族化合物を含む混合物を加熱すること、及び加熱後の混合物中の反応生成物を蛍光又は吸光分析すること、を含む、細胞支持体由来成分の測定方法。
(2)多糖類細胞支持体由来成分、酸、並びに、水酸基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、及びカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる官能基を1つ以上有する芳香族化合物を含む混合物を加熱すること、及び加熱後の混合物中の反応生成物を定量すること、を含み、前記混合物において、前記芳香族化合物の質量は、前記多糖類細胞支持体由来成分の質量の少なくとも200倍である、細胞支持体由来成分の測定方法。
(3)前記反応生成物の定量に蛍光又は吸光分析を用いる、(2)に記載の細胞支持体由来成分の測定方法。
(4)前記混合物中の前記芳香族化合物の濃度は、1mg/mL~100mg/mLである、(1)~(3)のいずれか1項に記載の細胞支持体由来成分の測定方法。
(5)可溶性の細胞支持体の存在下で培養され、細胞支持体の溶解後に回収される細胞を含む細胞懸濁液の評価方法であって、前記細胞懸濁液から得られる評価用試料を用意すること、前記評価用試料、酸、並びに、水酸基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、及びカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる官能基を1つ以上有する芳香族化合物を含む混合物を調製すること、前記混合物を加熱すること、及び加熱後の混合物中の反応生成物を蛍光又は吸光分析すること、を含む、細胞懸濁液の評価方法。
(6)可溶性の細胞支持体の存在下で培養され、細胞支持体の溶解後に回収される細胞を含む細胞懸濁液の評価方法であって、前記細胞懸濁液から得られる評価用試料を用意すること、前記評価用試料、酸、並びに、水酸基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、及びカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる官能基を1つ以上有する芳香族化合物を含む混合物を調製すること、前記混合物を加熱すること、及び加熱後の混合物中の反応生成物を定量すること、を含み、前記芳香族化合物の質量は、前記細胞支持体から加水分解されて生じる糖類の質量の少なくとも200倍である、細胞懸濁液の評価方法。
(7)前記反応生成物の定量に蛍光又は吸光分析を用いる、(6)に記載の細胞懸濁液の評価方法。
(8)前記混合物中の前記芳香族化合物の濃度は、1mg/mL~100mg/mLである、(5)~(7)のいずれか1項に記載の細胞懸濁液の評価方法。
上記の第1の側面は、細胞培養に用いるためのマイクロキャリアと液体を含むか、又は前記マイクロキャリアを処理した後の液体を含む試料を用意すること、前記試料に、疎水部を有するポリマを染色可能な蛍光色素を添加し蛍光分析すること、及び前記蛍光分析から、前記マイクロキャリアを評価することを含み、マイクロキャリアを評価することを含んでもよい。
上記した蛍光色素は、ポルフィリン色素、フタロシアニン色素、ポリフェニレンビニレン色素、ピレン色素、キサンテン色素、クマリン色素、及びDCM色素からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含んでもよい。
本開示の第2の側面としては、細胞を含み、1μm以下の疎水部を有するポリマの個数は、前記細胞1×104個当たり10個以下である、細胞懸濁液が提供される。
本開示によれば、細胞支持体由来成分を簡便に測定可能な細胞支持体由来成分の測定方法を提供することができる。また、本開示によれば、細胞支持体由来成分に基づいて細胞懸濁液を評価可能な細胞懸濁液の評価方法を提供することができる。また、本開示によれば、細胞懸濁液へのマイクロキャリアの残留物の混入有無の評価方法を提供することができる。
一実施形態による方法は、細胞支持体由来成分、細胞を含む細胞懸濁液、及び細胞懸濁液から得られる評価用試料、細胞培養に用いるためのマイクロキャリア及び液体を含む試料、並びに、マイクロキャリアを処理した後の液体を含む試料からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つを含む試料と、水酸基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、及びカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる官能基を少なくとも1つ有する芳香族化合物、及び蛍光色素からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つとを含む混合物を用いて、試料を評価する、方法である。
<測定方法>
一実施形態に係る多糖類細胞支持体由来成分の測定方法は、多糖類細胞支持体由来成分、酸、並びに、水酸基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、及びカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる官能基を1つ以上有する芳香族化合物を含む混合物を加熱すること、及び加熱後の混合物中の反応生成物を蛍光又は吸光分析すること、を含む方法である(以下、測定方法1ということがある)。
他の実施形態に係る多糖類細胞支持体由来成分の測定方法は、多糖類細胞支持体由来成分、酸、並びに、水酸基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、及びカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる官能基を1つ以上有する芳香族化合物を含む混合物を加熱すること、及び加熱後の混合物中の反応生成物を定量すること、を含み、前記芳香族化合物の質量は、前記多糖類細胞支持体由来成分の質量の少なくとも200倍である、方法である(以下、測定方法2ということがある)。
測定方法2によれば、細胞支持体由来成分を、酸及び、過剰量となる特定の芳香族化合物と共に加熱して得られる混合物中の反応生成物を定量するので、簡便に細胞支持体由来成分を測定することができる。
測定方法1及び測定方法2をまとめて、単に測定方法と称することがある。
「多糖類細胞支持体由来成分」とは、可溶性の多糖類細胞支持体を、該細胞支持体の種類に応じて選択された溶解方法にしたがって溶解させて得られた成分を意味する。例えば、多糖類を加水分解酵素で分解して得られた単糖、オリゴ糖などの加水分解物が該当する。
混合物中の酸の濃度は、添加量として、0.01mol/L~20mol/L、0.1mol/L~12mol/L、0.5mol/L~10mol/L、又は1.0mol/L~10mol/Lとすることができる。
測定方法1では、上記のとおり、混合物中の特定芳香族化合物の含有量は特に限定されないが、測定感度の観点から一例を挙げると、0.1mg/mL~100mg/mL、又は1mg/mL~50mg/mLとすることができる。
測定方法1において、反応生成物の蛍光又は吸光分析は、通常、この目的のために行われるように行うことができる。例えば、次のように行われる。生成された反応生成物を室温まで冷却し、反応生成物に、水と混和しない有機溶媒を添加し、撹拌したのちに水相を除去し、有機相及び不溶物の混合物を得る。得られた混合物にアルコールを添加し、撹拌することで均一な溶液を得る。得られた溶液をさらにアルコールで希釈し、その希釈液を、分析に用いることができる。有機溶媒としては、例えば、酢酸ブチル、ベンゼンなどを用いることができる。アルコールとしては、例えば、エタノールなどを用いることができる。
本実施形態に係る細胞懸濁液の評価方法について説明する。
一実施形態の評価方法は、可溶性の細胞支持体の存在下で培養され、細胞支持体の溶解後に回収される細胞を含む細胞懸濁液の評価方法であって、細胞懸濁液から得られる評価用試料を用意すること、評価用試料、酸、及び、特定芳香族化合物を含む混合物を調製すること、混合物を加熱すること、及び加熱後の混合物中の反応生成物を蛍光又は吸光分析すること、を含む方法である(以下、評価方法1と称することがある。)。
他の実施形態の評価方法は、可溶性の細胞支持体の存在下で培養され、細胞支持体の溶解後に回収される細胞を含む細胞懸濁液の評価方法であって、細胞懸濁液から得られる評価用試料を用意すること、評価用試料、酸、及び、特定芳香族化合物を含む混合物を調製すること、混合物を加熱すること、及び加熱後の混合物中の反応生成物を定量すること、を含み、前記芳香族化合物の質量は、前記細胞支持体から加水分解されて生じる糖類の質量の少なくとも200倍である、方法である(以下、評価方法2と称することがある。)。
本評価方法によれば、細胞懸濁液中の細胞支持体由来成分を簡便且つ感度よく評価することができる。
幹細胞として、例えば、人工多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)、胚性幹細胞(ES細胞)、胚性生殖幹細胞(EG細胞)、多能性生殖幹細胞(mGS細胞)、胚性腫瘍細胞(EC細胞)、Muse細胞等の多能性幹細胞を用いてもよい。
培養に用いられる培地は、異種由来成分を含まないものとすることができる。異種由来成分を含まない培地は、動物由来の血清の代わりに、血清の代替添加物(例えばKnockout Serum Replacement(KSR)(Invitrogen社製)、Chemically-defined Lipid concentrated(Gibco社製)、Glutamax(Gibco社製)等)を含むことができる。
その他、Essential 8(Thermo Fisher社)、mTeSR1(STEMCELL Technologies社)、StemFitシリーズ(タカラバイオ株式会社)、StemFlex(Thermo Fisher Scientific社)等の無血清培地を用いることができる。
細胞支持体の溶解によって、細胞は細胞支持体から分離可能となる。細胞支持体から分離した細胞は、通常用いられる方法、例えば、フィルタによる濾過、遠心分離等を用いた方法で回収できる。回収後の細胞は、適当な水性媒体、例えば培地、生理食塩水等に懸濁することができ、これによって細胞懸濁液を得ることができる。
細胞培養方法の一つにマイクロキャリアを用いて細胞を3次元培養する方法がある。マイクロキャリアは、可溶性又は不溶性のポリマから構成された主として球体の形状を採る小粒子であり、細胞培養用の培地等の細胞懸濁液中において接着性の細胞を支持し細胞の成長を促すことが可能である。マイクロキャリアを用いた細胞培養は、3次元培養のため、細胞の大量培養が可能であり、細胞培養に要する床面積の削減が可能である。細胞培養後には、酵素等を用いて細胞をマイクロキャリアから剥離してマイクロキャリアを取り除き、細胞を回収することができる。
一実施形態による細胞懸濁液の評価方法としては、細胞を含む細胞懸濁液に、疎水部を有するポリマを染色可能な蛍光色素を添加すること、前記蛍光色素を添加した細胞懸濁液に励起光を照射して蛍光分析すること、及び前記蛍光分析から、前記細胞懸濁液を評価することを含む、ことを特徴とする。
これによれば、マイクロキャリア由来の不純物の混入有無が評価された細胞懸濁液を提供することができる。例えば、マイクロキャリア由来の疎水部を有するポリマの混入有無が評価された細胞懸濁液を提供することができる。一形態としては、細胞懸濁液を提供する場合に、提供懸濁液に含まれるマイクロキャリア由来の不純物の存在、含有割合等を製品に記して提供することができる。
評価対象の細胞懸濁液は、細胞を培養した後の懸濁液であってもよいし、細胞を培養する前の懸濁液であってもよい。また、評価対象の細胞懸濁液は、マイクロキャリア等の細胞担体をさらに含んでもよいし、マイクロキャリア等の細胞担体が添加された後に除去された状態であってもよい。また、評価対象の細胞懸濁液は、細胞培養に供される一般的な添加剤を含んでもよい。
疎水部を有するポリマを染色可能な蛍光色素としては、例えば、芳香環を有する発色団を備える化合物等がある。発色団は、例えば、ベンゼン環、非ベンゼン環、複素芳香環等の単環;1種又は2種以上の単環が縮合した縮合芳香環;これらの単環、縮合芳香環、又はこれらの組み合わせが任意の結合手によって結合する多環構造を有することができる。発色団は、疎水部を有するポリマに親和性を示して染色しやすくするために、2個以上の単環を備える多環構造、2環以上、より好ましくは3環以上の縮合芳香環を備える多環構造、又は単環と縮合芳香環とを合計で2個以上備える多環構造であってよい。
複素芳香環又は縮合複素芳香環としては、例えば、ピロール環、ピリジン環、イミダゾール環、ピラゾール環、オキサゾール環、チアゾール環、ピラジン環、ピラミジン環、インドール環、ベンゾイミダゾール環、キノリン環、イソキノリン環、アクリジン環、カルバゾール環;フラン環、ピラン環、ベンゾフラン環、ジベンゾフラン環、ベンゾピラン環、キサンテン環、フルオレセイン環;チオフェン環、ベンゾチオフェン環、ジベンゾチオフェン環;ポルフィリン環、ジピロメテン環、フタロシアニン環等が挙げられる。
蛍光色素の発色団又はその近傍には、イオン性基が導入されていてもよい。イオン性基としては、アニオン性基及びカチオン性基のいずれであってもよい。マイクロキャリアは、細胞付着性の観点からカチオン処理されていることが多いことから、蛍光色素にアニオン性基が導入されていることで、マイクロキャリア由来の疎水部を有するポリマに蛍光色素をより結合させて染色することができる。アニオン性基としては、例えば、スルホン酸基、リン酸基、カルボキシ基、硝酸基等が挙げられる。細胞適合性の観点から、スルホン酸基を好ましく用いることができる。
これらは、1種単独で用いてもよく、本開示の効果を損なわない範囲で、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。
ここで、ポルフィリン色素は、ポルフィリン又はその誘導体を含む色素を意味し、その他の色素の名称も同様に扱う。
また、単環又は縮合芳香環を有する高分子量化合物に2個以上のアニオン性基が導入された化合物を挙げることができる。例えば、芳香環を有する構造単位を複数備える共重合体に2個以上のアニオン性基が導入された化合物、芳香環とアニオン性基とを有する構造単位を複数備える共重合体等であってよい。このような化合物としては、例えば、ポリフェニレンビニレン又はこれらの誘導体の多価アニオン等が挙げられる。この高分子量化合物の分子量は、例えば100~100000であり、100~10000が好ましい。具体的には、ポリ(5-メトキシ-2-(3-スルフォプロポキシ)-1,4-フェニレンビニレン)等が挙げられる。
例えば、細胞内環境で蛍光を発せず、かつ、細胞外環境で蛍光を発する蛍光色素の場合、細胞外環境に存在する疎水部を有するポリマからの蛍光のみが検出可能となる。これにより、疎水部を有するポリマの存在を特定することができる。他の例として、細胞内環境で発する蛍光強度が低く、細胞外環境で発する蛍光強度が高い蛍光色素の場合、細胞懸濁液中で、蛍光強度の差に基づいて、細胞と識別して疎水部を有するポリマの存在を特定することができる。
励起波長に対して発する蛍光の色相が細胞内外の環境で異なる蛍光色素を用いてもよい。
ポリアルキレングリコール鎖を有する化合物は、細胞内外で多量体形成のしやすさが異なり、細胞外では多量体が形成されて蛍光強度が高くなる傾向がある。
細胞内外でpHが局所的に異なることを利用する場合には、pHに応じて蛍光強度が変化するナフトフルオレセインを用いることができる。
蛍光色素の種類に応じて、蛍光する励起光の波長は異なるが、蛍光色素がより強く蛍光する波長範囲の励起光を選択することが好ましい。
このような蛍光色素として、上記した蛍光色素の中から多価アニオン系化合物等が挙げられる。
例えば、酸性からアルカリ性のpH条件によって蛍光が検出される蛍光色素を用いる場合には、細胞懸濁液に蛍光色素を添加し、酸性又はアルカリ性に細胞懸濁液を調節してから、蛍光を検出することができる。温度及び濃度等の条件も同様であり、これらの条件を組み合わせてもよい。
蛍光色素の種類に応じて、蛍光する励起光の波長は異なるが、蛍光色素が強く蛍光する波長範囲の励起光で照射することが好ましい。
濃度条件で蛍光強度が調節可能な蛍光色素としては、上記した蛍光色素の中からポリアルキレングリコール鎖を有する化合物等が挙げられる。pH条件で蛍光強度が調節可能な蛍光色素としては、上記した蛍光色素の中からナフトフルオレセイン等が挙げられる。
細胞懸濁液に蛍光色素を添加した後に、細胞懸濁液中に蛍光色素を均一に配合するために、混合ないし攪拌を行うことが好ましい。
マイクロキャリアの材料は、有機物、無機物、又はこれらの複合材料であってよい。これらの中から、有機物として疎水部を有するポリマによって形成されるマイクロキャリアを用いて細胞培養する場合に、一実施形態による方法は、細胞懸濁液において疎水部を有するポリマを評価することに役立つ。
有機物として、例えば、ポリスチレン、ポリエステル、ポリウレタン、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン、(メタ)アクリル系ポリマ、(メタ)アクリルアミド系ポリマ、ポリビニルアルコール、シリコーン系ポリマ、エポキシ樹脂等の合成高分子;コラーゲン、ゼラチン等の天然高分子;ペクチン、ペクチン酸塩等のポリガラクツロン酸;アルギン酸塩、セルロース、架橋アガロース、デキストラン、キトサン等の多糖類などが挙げられる。無機物として、例えば、ガラス、セラミック、金属、合金、金属酸化物等が挙げられる。
なお、細胞懸濁液に含まれる疎水部を有するポリマが、マイクロキャリアに由来しない場合であっても、評価対象となり得る。
細胞の付着を促進する観点から、マイクロキャリアの表面には、細胞接着性ポリマが配置されていてもよい。細胞接着性ポリマとしては、コラーゲン、ゼラチン、アルギン酸、Matrigel(商標)(BD Biosciences)、ヒアルロン酸、ラミニン、フィブロネクチン、ビトロネクチン、エラスチン、ヘパラン硫酸、デキストラン、デキストラン硫酸、コンドロイチン硫酸等が挙げられる。
細胞培養に用いるマイクロキャリアは、細胞培養に供される細胞のサイズよりも大きいことが好ましい。
蛍光色素を添加した細胞懸濁液に励起光を照射する場合に、細胞懸濁液中に蛍光が観察されることで、細胞懸濁液中に疎水部を有するポリマが存在することを確認することができる。なお、細胞懸濁液中に疎水部を有するポリマが存在するか否かを確認するためには、細胞懸濁液中で、細胞が蛍光しないで疎水部を有するポリマが蛍光するか、又は細胞からの蛍光が弱く疎水部を有するポリマからの蛍光が強いことが好ましい。このような蛍光色素としては、上記した蛍光色素の中から多価アニオン化合物を用いることができる。また、細胞懸濁液の環境によって蛍光特性が異なる蛍光色素を用いることができ、例えば、上記した蛍光色素の中からポリアルキレングリコール鎖を有する化合物、又はナフトフルオレセインを用いることができる。
また、細胞懸濁液からの蛍光を分析することで、蛍光強度の差から、疎水部を有するポリマの量を対比して評価することができる。
細胞懸濁液に照射する励起光は、蛍光色素の種類に応じて、蛍光が強く発せられる波長範囲であることが好ましい。
細胞培養後に細胞懸濁液から細胞のみを取り出す方法としては、細胞と細胞以外の固形物とのサイズの違いに基づいて、フィルタ等を用いて細胞懸濁液から細胞以外の固形物を除去することが行われている。この方法は、細胞よりも大きなサイズの固形物を除去することに適するが、細胞よりも小さいか、又は細胞と同じ程度のサイズの固形物を除去することには適さない。なお、細胞よりも遥かに小さいサイズの固形物は、細胞懸濁液の溶媒を置換する等の方法によって洗浄することで、除去することが可能である。一方で、細胞培養に供するマイクロキャリアの原料に由来して含まれるポリマの小片等が、細胞のサイズと同じ程度か、又はそれ以下であると、これらの小粒子径のポリマは、細胞懸濁液から除去されずに混入している可能性がある。
ここで、細胞のサイズの測定方法については特に制限はなく、例えば、セルソータ又はフローサイトメータを用いた既知の方法によって測定可能である。
評価対象の疎水部を有するポリマの粒子径としては、細胞のサイズの0.01倍以上が好ましく、0.05倍以上であってよく、0.1倍以上であってもよい。疎水部を有するポリマの粒子径がこの範囲であることで、蛍光色素が疎水部を有するポリマを染色して蛍光する場合に、蛍光を検出することができる。
評価対象の疎水部を有するポリマの粒子径としては、細胞のサイズの5倍以下が好ましく、4倍以下であってよく、3倍以下であってもよい。この範囲の粒子径である疎水部を有するポリマは、細胞培養後にマイクロキャリアの除去、洗浄等、又はこれらの組み合わせを行った状態においても、細胞懸濁液に含まれ得ることから、評価対象になり得る。
例えば、評価対象の疎水部を有するポリマの粒子径は、細胞のサイズの0.01倍~5倍であってよく、細胞のサイズの0.05倍~4倍であってよく、細胞のサイズの0.1倍~3倍であってもよい。
これによって、細胞培養に供されたマイクロキャリアを、細胞培養後に細胞懸濁液から除去した状態で、細胞懸濁液に含まれ得るマイクロキャリアの小片等の小粒子径の疎水部を有するポリマを評価することができる。
任意的な工程として、細胞培養後の細胞懸濁液を洗浄することを含んでもよい。これによって、細胞懸濁液に含まれる細胞よりも小さな固形物、例えばマイクロキャリア原料に含まれ得る小片を除去することができる。
これによって、細胞培養に供されたマイクロキャリアを、細胞培養後に細胞懸濁液から除去した状態で、細胞懸濁液に含まれ得るマイクロキャリア由来の小粒子径の疎水部を有するポリマを測定することができる。
そこで、細胞のサイズ以下の粒子径である疎水部を有するポリマだけではなく、細胞よりも大きいサイズで、マイクロキャリアの平均粒子径以下の粒子径である疎水部を有するポリマの存在を評価してもよい。例えば、細胞懸濁液からマイクロキャリアを除去するに適した孔サイズのフィルタを用いる場合では、マイクロキャリアの平均粒子径よりも小さい粒子径の疎水部を有するポリマが細胞懸濁液に混入した状態になる。このような小粒子径の疎水部を有するポリマとしては、例えば、マイクロキャリアの原料由来の小片等が挙げられる。
一実施形態による細胞懸濁液としては、細胞を含み、1μm以下の疎水部を有するポリマの個数は、細胞1×104個当たり10個以下である、ことを特徴とする。
これによれば、マイクロキャリア由来の不純物の混入有無が評価された細胞懸濁液を提供することができる。
細胞培養後にマイクロキャリア等の細胞担体が除去された細胞懸濁液には、マイクロキャリアそのものは含まれないことが好ましく、さらに、マイクロキャリアの一部、中でも疎水性のマイクロキャリア由来の小粒子径の疎水部を有するポリマが含まれないことが好ましい。
細胞懸濁液において、1μm以下の疎水部を有するポリマの個数は、細胞1×104個当たり10個以下であることが好ましく、8個以下がより好ましく、6個以下がさらに好ましい。
細胞懸濁液において、1μm以下の疎水部を有するポリマの個数は、細胞1×104個当たり0個、すなわち検出されない状態であってよいが、小粒子径の疎水部を有するポリマを完全に除去するための追加的な手順が必要とされない範囲で、細胞1×104個当たり0超過であってよく、1個以上であってもよい。
例えば、1μm以下の疎水部を有するポリマの個数は、細胞1×104個当たり、0~10であってよく、0超過~8であってよく、1~6であってよい。
細胞1×104個当たり1μm以下の疎水部を有するポリマの個数は、画像観察に用いる画像を用いて、画像解析を行って演算処理して求めることも可能である。疎水部を有するポリマの粒子径も同様に画像解析によって求めることが可能である。
画像観察においては、細胞懸濁液をそのまま用いてもよいが、細胞と疎水部を有するポリマの割合が変更されない範囲で溶剤を添加して希釈してから、この希釈した細胞懸濁液を用いてもよい。
これによれば、マイクロキャリア由来の不純物の混入有無が評価された細胞懸濁液を提供することができる。
細胞培養後にマイクロキャリア等の細胞担体が除去された細胞懸濁液には、マイクロキャリアはもちろん含まれないことが好ましく、さらに、マイクロキャリア、中でも疎水性のマイクロキャリア由来の小粒子径の疎水部を有するポリマが含まれないことが好ましい。
例えば、上記した通り、細胞懸濁液において、1μm以下の疎水部を有するポリマの個数は、細胞1×104個当たり10個以下であることが好ましい。
例えば、この細胞懸濁液は、細胞培養後に蛍光色素を添加しておき、細胞懸濁液を使用する際に励起光を照射することで、細胞懸濁液中の疎水部を有するポリマの存在、又は蛍光強度から濃度等を確認することができる。細胞懸濁液を用意する工程と、細胞懸濁液を使用する工程とが時間的又は空間的に離れている場合に、細胞懸濁液を用意する工程側で厳密な製品管理をせずとも、細胞懸濁液を使用する工程において、細胞懸濁液中の疎水部を有するポリマの存在、又は蛍光強度から濃度等を簡便に確認することができる。
一実施形態による細胞懸濁液の評価用試薬としては、疎水部を有するポリマを染色可能な蛍光色素と緩衝液とを含み、浸透圧が100~400mosm/Kgである、ことを特徴とする。
この試薬を用いることで、細胞懸濁液へのマイクロキャリア由来の不純物の混入有無を評価することができる。
この試薬を細胞懸濁液に添加し、細胞懸濁液に励起光を照射して細胞懸濁液からの蛍光を蛍光顕微鏡で観察することで、疎水部を有するポリマが存在する場合は、疎水部を有するポリマの形状、分布、濃度等をさらに評価することができる。
この試薬を細胞懸濁液に添加し、細胞懸濁液に励起光を照射して細胞懸濁液からの蛍光を分光蛍光光度分析することで、疎水部を有するポリマが存在する場合は、疎水部を有するポリマの量、濃度等をさらに評価することができる。
詳細については上記した手順を適用することができる。
この試薬において、蛍光色素の濃度は、1~1000μg/mLが好ましい。
この試薬の浸透圧は、100mosm/Kg以上が好ましく、200mosm/Kg以上がより好ましく、250mosm/Kg以上がさらに好ましい。
この試薬の浸透圧は、400mosm/Kg以下が好ましく、375mosm/Kg以下がより好ましく、350mosm/Kg以下がさらに好ましい。
ここで、浸透圧は、半透膜を介して片方に溶媒である水、他方に溶液をおいたとき、半透膜を通って溶液側へと浸透する水の移動を止めるために溶液側に加えられた圧である。
一実施形態によるマイクロキャリアの評価方法としては、細胞培養に用いるためのマイクロキャリアと液体を含むか、又は前記マイクロキャリアを処理した後の液体を含む試料を用意すること、前記試料に、疎水部を有するポリマを染色可能な蛍光色素を添加し蛍光分析すること、及び前記試料の蛍光分析から、前記マイクロキャリアを評価することを含む、ことを特徴とする。
これによれば、ポリマ小片の混入有無が評価されたマイクロキャリアを提供することができる。例えば、この評価方法を用いて、マイクロキャリアに小粒子径の疎水部を有するポリマの含有量が少ないことを確認したうえで、このマイクロキャリアを用いて細胞懸濁液を用意することで、得られる細胞懸濁液において、小粒子径の疎水部を有するポリマの含有量を低減することができる。
マイクロキャリアを処理した後の液体を含む試料としては、例えば、マイクロキャリア原料を液体中に分散させた後、マイクロキャリアを取り除いた状態の液体を含む。具体的には、マイクロキャリアを液体によって洗浄し、マイクロキャリアを回収した後の液体である。この液体としては、水性液体であることが好ましく、主溶媒が水であることが好ましい。
試料において、マイクロキャリアの濃度は、特に限定されないが、0.1~100g/L、1~100g/L、1~50g/L、又は1~20g/Lとすることができる。試料においてマイクロキャリアが高濃度である場合は、蛍光分析に適する範囲になるように、追加の液体で希釈してもよい。
蛍光色素の添加方法、蛍光の分析方法は、上記した方法を適用することができる。
蛍光色素を添加した試料に励起光を照射する場合に、試料中に蛍光が観察されることで、試料中に疎水部を有するポリマが存在することを確認することができる。
また、試料からの蛍光を分析することで、蛍光強度の差から、疎水部を有するポリマの量を対比して評価することができる。
以下、マイクロキャリアの評価方法、細胞懸濁液の評価方法、又はこれらの組み合わせを用いて、細胞懸濁液を製造する方法の一例について説明する。
一例の細胞懸濁液の製造方法(A)としては、細胞培養用のマイクロキャリアを洗浄し、濾過すること、濾過後の濾液に、疎水部を有するポリマを染色可能な蛍光色素を添加し蛍光分析すること、濾液の蛍光分析によってマイクロキャリアを評価すること、及び評価されたマイクロキャリアを用いて細胞培養を行うことを含む。
これらの実施形態によれば、それぞれ、細胞懸濁液への疎水部を有するポリマの混入有無を評価して、細胞懸濁液を提供することができる。
まず、マイクロキャリアを洗浄及び濾過する工程(S11)では、粉末状又は分散液状のマイクロキャリアを液体と混合し撹拌することで洗浄し、洗浄後にフィルタ等を用いて濾過し、マイクロキャリアと濾液とを分離する。例えば、典型的なサイズのマイクロキャリアを分離するために、孔径1~100μm、好ましくは10~50μmのフィルタを用いるとよい。
次いで、濾液に蛍光色素を添加する工程(S12)では、濾液に蛍光色素を添加する。蛍光色素は、疎水部を有するポリマを染色可能な色素を用いることが好ましく、例えば、上記した蛍光色素を用いるとよい。また、濾液への蛍光色素の添加方法は特に限定されずに、上記した方法を用いるとよい。
S13での基準値としては、各種の細胞培養で要求される適宜基準を満たすように設定すればよい。一例としては、洗浄に供したマイクロキャリアを1μm以下に破砕した状態の疎水部を有するポリマを濃度10質量%、好ましくは1質量%で含む水の蛍光強度を基準値として用いることができる。他の例では、平均粒子径1μmのポリスチレンを10g/L、好ましくは1g/Lで含む水の蛍光強度を基準値として用いることができる。さらに他の方法では、蛍光顕微鏡の観察によって、粒子径1μm以下のポリマの小片が、単位面積当たり10個/m2である状態を基準値として用いることができる。
まず、細胞とマイクロキャリアを含む組成物を用いて培養する工程(S21)では、細胞とマイクロキャリアを含む組成物を用いて通常の方法にしたがって細胞培養することができる。
次いで、細胞をマイクロキャリアから剥離する工程(S22)では、通常の方法にしたがって細胞をマイクロキャリアから剥離することができる。例えば、トリプシン等のタンパク質分解酵素などを細胞懸濁液に添加し、マイクロキャリアから細胞を剥離することができる。
S23及びD24を通して、細胞よりも大きい粗大粒子と細胞よりも小さい微小粒子は除去することができるが、細胞と同じか、又は細胞と同程度の大きさの粒子は、細胞懸濁液から除去されない状態である。
S26での基準値としては、各種の細胞培養で要求される適宜基準を満たすように設定すればよい。一例としては、細胞培養に供したマイクロキャリアを1μm以下に破砕した状態の疎水部を有するポリマを濃度10質量%、好ましくは1質量%で含む水の蛍光強度を基準値として用いることができる。他の例では、平均粒子径1μmのポリスチレンを10g/L、好ましくは1g/Lで含む水の蛍光強度を基準値として用いることができる。さらに他の方法では、蛍光顕微鏡の観察によって、粒子径1μm以下のポリマの小片が、単位面積当たりに10個/m2である状態を基準値として用いることができる。
一実施形態による細胞培養方法は、マイクロキャリアを用意すること、マイクロキャリアを培養系に配置すること、及びマイクロキャリアの存在下で、細胞を培養することを含むことができる。
マイクロキャリアを培養系に配置する工程では、例えば、予め対象細胞を培養系に播種し、その後の培養系に、マイクロキャリアを配置することができる。
細胞は、動物由来の細胞であることが好ましく、哺乳動物由来の細胞であることがより好ましい。哺乳動物として、例えば、ヒト、サル、チンパンジー、ウシ、ブタ、ウマ、ヒツジ、ヤギ、ウサギ、ラット、マウス、モルモット、イヌ、ネコ等が挙げられる。細胞が由来する組織は、特に限定されず、例えば、皮膚、肝臓、腎臓、筋肉、骨、血管、血液、神経組織等であってよい。細胞は、初代培養細胞、培養細胞株、組換培養細胞株等であってよい。
幹細胞として、例えば、人工多能性幹細胞(iPS細胞)、胚性幹細胞(ES細胞)、胚性生殖幹細胞(EG細胞)、多能性生殖幹細胞(mGS細胞)、胚性腫瘍細胞(EC細胞)、Muse細胞等の多能性幹細胞を用いてもよい。
上記した細胞は、1種を単独で、又は、2種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
培養に用いられる培地は、異種由来成分を含まないものであってよい。異種由来成分を含まない培地は、動物由来の血清の代わりに、血清の代替添加物(例えばKnockout Serum Replacement(KSR)(Invitrogen社製)、Chemically-defined Lipid concentrated(Gibco社製)、Glutamax(Gibco社製))等を含むことができる。
その他、Essential 8(Thermo Fisher社)、mTeSR1(STEMCELL Technologies社)、StemFitシリーズ(タカラバイオ株式会社)、StemFlex(Thermo Fisher Scientific社)等の無血清培地を用いることができる。
実施形態(1)は、細胞を含む細胞懸濁液に、疎水部を有するポリマを染色可能な蛍光色素を添加すること、前記蛍光色素を添加した細胞懸濁液に励起光を照射して蛍光分析すること、及び前記蛍光分析から、前記細胞懸濁液を評価することを含み、細胞懸濁液を評価することを含む、方法である。
実施形態(4)は、細胞と、疎水部を有するポリマを染色可能な蛍光色素とを含み、前記蛍光色素によって前記疎水部を有するポリマが染色されて蛍光する蛍光強度は、前記蛍光色素によって前記細胞が染色されて蛍光する蛍光強度より高い、細胞懸濁液である。
実施形態(5)は、疎水部を有するポリマを染色可能な蛍光色素と緩衝液とを含み、浸透圧が100~400mosm/Kgである、細胞懸濁液の評価用試薬である。
実施形態(6)は、細胞懸濁液を評価するための、疎水部を有するポリマを染色可能な蛍光色素と緩衝液とを含み、浸透圧が100~400mosm/Kgである試薬の使用である。
実施形態(1)、(2)、(5)、又は(6)において、前記蛍光色素は、細胞内環境と細胞外環境とで蛍光特性が異なるとよい。
実施形態(1)、(2)、(5)、又は(6)において、前記蛍光色素は、前記細胞懸濁液中で前記疎水部を有するポリマを染色し発する蛍光強度が、前記細胞懸濁液中で前記細胞を染色し発する蛍光強度よりも高いとよい。
実施形態(1)において、前記細胞懸濁液の蛍光分析によって、前記細胞懸濁液における前記疎水部を有するポリマのサイズ、形状、及び濃度からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を測定することを含むとよい。
実施形態(1)において、前記細胞懸濁液の蛍光分析によって、前記疎水部を有するポリマの粒子径を測定し、前記細胞のサイズ以下の粒子径である疎水部を有するポリマが存在することを評価するとよい。
実施形態(1)において、前記細胞懸濁液の蛍光分析によって、前記疎水部を有するポリマの粒子径を測定し、前記細胞のサイズの0.01倍~5倍の粒子径である疎水部を有するポリマが存在することを評価するとよい。
実施形態(1)において、前記細胞懸濁液中で、前記細胞懸濁液の温度、濃度、及びpHからなる群から選択される少なくとも1種が一定の範囲を満たす場合に、前記蛍光色素は、前記細胞懸濁液中で前記疎水部を有するポリマを染色し発する蛍光強度が、前記細胞懸濁液中で前記細胞を染色し発する蛍光強度よりも高いとよい。
実施形態(1)において、前記細胞懸濁液は、細胞とマイクロキャリアとを用いて細胞培養を行い、細胞培養後に前記細胞と前記マイクロキャリアとを分離し、前記マイクロキャリアを除去した後の細胞懸濁液であるとよい。
実施形態(1)において、前記細胞懸濁液の蛍光分析によって、前記疎水部を有するポリマの粒子径を測定し、前記マイクロキャリアの平均粒子径以下の粒子径である疎水部を有するポリマが存在することを評価するとよい。
実施形態(2)において、前記試料は、前記マイクロキャリアを液体を用いて洗浄し、濾過して得られる濾液であるとよい。
表1に示される濃度のペクチンの水溶液及びPBS溶液(以下、「ペクチン溶液」という)を用意し、それぞれ、スクリューキャップ試験管に、ペクチン溶液0.5mL、濃塩酸(12mol/L)0.5mL及びナフトレゾルシン10mgを入れて混合物を調製し、90℃で2時間、撹拌しながら加熱して反応混合物を得た。
得られた混合物にエタノールを1.0mL添加し、撹拌することで均一な溶液を得た。
「色素溶液、細胞懸濁液、マイクロキャリア破片分散液の作製」
下記の色素粉末又は色素原液をリン酸緩衝食塩水(PBS)で希釈することで、1μg/mL~1000μg/mLの濃度の色素溶液を調製した。
ヒト間葉系幹細胞(hMSC;タカラバイオ株式会社より入手)の細胞懸濁液は、培養後のhMSCをトリプシン処理で回収した後に遠心分離とPBS洗浄を行って、調製した。細胞密度は8.2×105cells/mLであった。
マイクロキャリア破片分散液として、ガラスバイアル中に5gのマイクロキャリア(直径125~212μm;球状の架橋ポリスチレン;Pall社製「SoloHill Star-Plus」)を入れて磁気撹拌子にて1日破砕し、60μmのメッシュにて濾過した濾液を用意した。すなわち、60μmメッシュを通過した小粒子径のマイクロキャリア破片を含む分散液を用意した。
用いた色素と色素溶液の濃度とは以下の通りである。
色素(a1):テトラフェニルプロフィリンテトラサルフォニックアシッド(TPPS);1μg/mL。
色素(a2):ポリ(5-メトキシ-2-(3-スルフォプロポキシ)-1,4-フェニレンビニレン);100μg/mL。
色素(a3):メトキシポリエチレングリコールピレン;1000μg/mL。
色素(a4):ナフトフルオレセイン;10μg/mL。
色素(a6):クマリン6;1μg/mL。
色素(a7):DCM(4-(ジシアノメチレン)-2-メチル-6-(4-ジメチルアミノスチリル)-4H-ピラン);1μg/mL。
細胞懸濁液500μLと、マイクロキャリア破片分散液50μLとを24wellプレート中で混合した後に、色素溶液50μLを添加し、撹拌の後に10分間静置した。その後、得られた混合物を蛍光顕微鏡にて明視野像及び蛍光像を観察した。
色素(a1)は、赤蛍光で観察し、色素(a2)は、緑蛍光で観察し、色素(a3)は、青蛍光及び赤蛍光で観察し、色素(a4)は、緑蛍光及び赤蛍光で観察し、色素(a5)は、赤蛍光で観察し、色素(a6)は、緑蛍光で観察し、色素(a7)は、赤蛍光で観察した。
図中(a1)は色素(a1)を用いた例であり、下段は赤蛍光の観察像である。細胞はほぼ蛍光しないが、マイクロキャリア破片は強く赤蛍光で観察された。
図中(a2)は色素(a2)を用いた例であり、下段は緑蛍光の観察像である。細胞はほぼ蛍光しないが、マイクロキャリア破片は強く緑蛍光で観察された。
図中(a3)は色素(a3)を用いた例である。360~370nmの波長の光で励起すると細胞及びマイクロキャリア破片は青蛍光し、510~550nmの波長の光で励起すると細胞は蛍光しないが、マイクロキャリア破片が赤蛍光で観察された。
図中(a4)は色素(a4)を用いた例である。450~480nmの波長の光で励起すると細胞及びマイクロキャリア破片は緑蛍光し、510~550nmの波長の光で励起すると細胞は蛍光しないが、マイクロキャリア破片が赤蛍光で観察された。
色素(a5)は、ピンク蛍光像及び赤蛍光像で、細胞及びマイクロキャリア破片が観察された。ピンク色ないし赤色の蛍光像から、形状によって、細胞とマイクロキャリア破片を区別して判別可能である。色素(a5)は、青蛍光像で、蛍光強度が低いものの、マイクロキャリア破片が観察された。青色の蛍光像から、マイクロキャリア破片の存在の有無を判別可能である。
「マイクロキャリアの洗浄」
マイクロキャリア(直径125~212μm;球状の架橋ポリスチレン;Pall社製「SoloHill Star-Plus」)を用意した。
3gのマイクロキャリアと25mLの水を混合し、混合液を孔径10μmのフィルタを用いてろ過して洗浄した。この洗浄操作を3回繰り返した。
用いた蛍光色素と色素溶液の濃度は以下の通りである。
色素(b1):テトラフェニルプロフィリンテトラサルフォニックアシッド(TPPS);1μg/mL。
色素(b2):クマリン6;1μg/mL。
色素(b3):DCM(4-(ジシアノメチレン)-2-メチル-6-(4-ジメチルアミノスチリル)-4H-ピラン);1μg/mL。
マイクロキャリアの3回目の洗浄後の濾液500μLに、色素溶液50μLを添加し、撹拌の後に10分間静置した。その後、得られた混合物を蛍光顕微鏡にて明視野像及び蛍光像を観察した。
色素(b1)は、赤蛍光で観察し、色素(b2)は、緑蛍光で観察し、色素(b3)は、赤蛍光で観察した。
図中(b1)は色素(b1)を用いた例であり、下段は赤色の蛍光像である。色素(b1)では、上段の明視野像に観察されるマイクロキャリアの小片が、下段の蛍光像においても観察されており、マイクロキャリアの小片が赤蛍光で確認できた。
図中(b2)は色素(b2)を用いた例であり、下段は緑色の蛍光像である。色素(b2)では、上段の明視野像に観察されるマイクロキャリアの小片が、下段の蛍光像においても観察されており、マイクロキャリアの小片が緑蛍光で確認できた。
図中(b3)は色素(b3)を用いた例であり、下段は赤色の蛍光像である。色素(b3)では、上段の明視野像に観察されるマイクロキャリアの小片が、下段の蛍光像においても観察されており、マイクロキャリアの小片が赤蛍光で確認できた。
マイクロキャリアの洗浄後の濾液にマイクロキャリアの小片が確認できたことから、洗浄前のマイクロキャリアに小片が混入されていることが評価される。また、画像観察から、洗浄前のマイクロキャリアに混入される小片のサイズ及び分布が評価される。
Claims (15)
- 細胞支持体由来成分、細胞を含む細胞懸濁液、及び細胞懸濁液から得られる評価用試料、細胞培養に用いるためのマイクロキャリア及び液体を含む試料、並びに、マイクロキャリアを処理した後の液体を含む試料からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つを含む試料と、
水酸基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、及びカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる官能基を少なくとも1つ有する芳香族化合物、及び蛍光色素からなる群から選択される少なくとも1つと、を含む混合物を用いて、試料を評価する、方法。 - 多糖類細胞支持体由来成分、酸、並びに、水酸基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、及びカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる官能基を1つ以上有する芳香族化合物を含む混合物を用いて、細胞支持体由来成分を測定することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 可溶性の細胞支持体の存在下で培養され、細胞支持体の溶解後に回収される細胞を含む細胞懸濁液を評価する方法であって、
前記細胞懸濁液から得られる評価用試料、酸、並びに、水酸基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、及びカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる官能基を1つ以上有する芳香族化合物を含む混合物を用いて、細胞懸濁液を評価することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 多糖類細胞支持体由来成分、酸、並びに、水酸基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、及びカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる官能基を1つ以上有する芳香族化合物を含む混合物を加熱すること、及び
加熱後の混合物中の反応生成物を蛍光又は吸光分析すること、を含み、細胞支持体由来成分を測定することを含む、請求項2に記載の方法。 - 多糖類細胞支持体由来成分、酸、並びに、水酸基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、及びカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる官能基を1つ以上有する芳香族化合物を含む混合物を加熱すること、及び
加熱後の混合物中の反応生成物を定量すること、を含み、
前記混合物において、前記芳香族化合物の質量は、前記多糖類細胞支持体由来成分の質量の少なくとも200倍であり、細胞支持体由来成分を測定することを含む、請求項2に記載の方法。 - 前記反応生成物の定量に蛍光又は吸光分析を用いる、請求項5に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物中の前記芳香族化合物の濃度は、1mg/mL~100mg/mLである、請求項4~6のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 可溶性の細胞支持体の存在下で培養され、細胞支持体の溶解後に回収される細胞を含む細胞懸濁液の評価方法であって、
前記細胞懸濁液から得られる評価用試料を用意すること、
前記評価用試料、酸、並びに、水酸基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、及びカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる官能基を1つ以上有する芳香族化合物を含む混合物を調製すること、
前記混合物を加熱すること、及び
加熱後の混合物中の反応生成物を蛍光又は吸光分析すること、を含み、細胞懸濁液を評価することを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。 - 可溶性の細胞支持体の存在下で培養され、細胞支持体の溶解後に回収される細胞を含む細胞懸濁液の評価方法であって、
前記細胞懸濁液から得られる評価用試料を用意すること、
前記評価用試料、酸、並びに、水酸基、アミノ基、ニトロ基、及びカルボニル基からなる群から選ばれる官能基を1つ以上有する芳香族化合物を含む混合物を調製すること、
前記混合物を加熱すること、及び
加熱後の混合物中の反応生成物を定量すること、を含み、
前記芳香族化合物の質量は、前記細胞支持体から加水分解されて生じる糖類の質量の少なくとも200倍であり、細胞懸濁液を評価することを含む、請求項3に記載の方法。 - 前記反応生成物の定量に蛍光又は吸光分析を用いる、請求項9に記載の方法。
- 前記混合物中の前記芳香族化合物の濃度は、1mg/mL~100mg/mLである、請求項8~10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 細胞を含む細胞懸濁液に、疎水部を有するポリマを染色可能な蛍光色素を添加すること、
前記蛍光色素を添加した細胞懸濁液に励起光を照射して蛍光分析すること、及び
前記蛍光分析から、前記細胞懸濁液を評価することを含み、
細胞懸濁液を評価することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 細胞培養に用いるためのマイクロキャリアと液体を含むか、又は前記マイクロキャリアを処理した後の液体を含む試料を用意すること、
前記試料に、疎水部を有するポリマを染色可能な蛍光色素を添加し蛍光分析すること、及び
前記蛍光分析から、前記マイクロキャリアを評価することを含み、
マイクロキャリアを評価することを含む、請求項1に記載の方法。 - 前記蛍光色素は、ポルフィリン色素、フタロシアニン色素、ポリフェニレンビニレン色素、ピレン色素、キサンテン色素、クマリン色素、及びDCM色素からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種を含む、請求項12又は13に記載の方法。
- 細胞を含み、1μm以下の疎水部を有するポリマの個数は、前記細胞1×104個当たり10個以下である、細胞懸濁液。
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