WO2022013206A1 - Blocs de culture pressés ou cartouches de culture pour utilisation en tant que substrat de culture de plantes - Google Patents

Blocs de culture pressés ou cartouches de culture pour utilisation en tant que substrat de culture de plantes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022013206A1
WO2022013206A1 PCT/EP2021/069432 EP2021069432W WO2022013206A1 WO 2022013206 A1 WO2022013206 A1 WO 2022013206A1 EP 2021069432 W EP2021069432 W EP 2021069432W WO 2022013206 A1 WO2022013206 A1 WO 2022013206A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
cultivation
pressed
growth
block
plants
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2021/069432
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English (en)
Inventor
Robertus Johannes Hendrikus VAN DER KNAAP
Johannes Petrus Wilhelmus Maria Grootscholten
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
DAMGRO BV
Van Der Knaap Diensten BV
Original Assignee
DAMGRO BV
Van Der Knaap Diensten BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by DAMGRO BV, Van Der Knaap Diensten BV filed Critical DAMGRO BV
Publication of WO2022013206A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022013206A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/20—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor based on or containing natural organic material
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G24/00—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G24/40—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure
    • A01G24/44—Growth substrates; Culture media; Apparatus or methods therefor characterised by their structure in block, mat or sheet form

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to pressed, or compacted, cultivation blocks or cultivation plugs for use as substrate for cultivation of plants and particularly to pressed cultivation blocks or cultivation plugs providing an alternative for pressed, or compacted, cultivation blocks or cultivation plugs based on black peat.
  • the present invention relates to methods for providing the present pressed, or compacted, cultivation blocks or cultivation plugs.
  • Peat is comprised of dried decayed, or partially decayed, organic material and is found in peatlands under a top layer also designated as bolster.
  • a traditional form of peat is black peat present in the lower peat layers.
  • previously frozen black peat is used as growth/cultivation substrate or growth/cultivation plug at a large scale.
  • organic in origin the availability of black peat is limited and the natural sources thereof.
  • a major issue with respect to such an alternative is the cohesion or shape retention thereof.
  • adhesion, bonding, or improving the stickiness is required.
  • chemical bonding agents such as polyurethane, can used, from environmental and food safety aspects, such bonding agents are generally not acceptable nor desired.
  • this object is met by providing pressed cultivation blocks or cultivation plugs suitable to be used as substrate for the cultivation, or growth, of plants, preferably without the requirement of the use of a container, the pressed cultivation blocks or cultivation plugs comprise: a) 9 wt.% to 39 wt.% of a composted organic material; b) 90 wt% to 60 wt% of one or more additional organic materials; c) an additional mineral source comprising sufficient cations for adhesion, or bonding, said pressed cultivation block or cultivation plug; wherein said composted organic material or said one or more additional organic materials are not dried black peat; wherein said composted organic material is subjected to a mechanical size reduction step; and wherein the sufficient amounts of cations in said pressed cultivation block or cultivation plug are at least 12 mmole/kg dry matter of the mixture of compost, organic material and cationic source.
  • preferred amounts (in the total mixture) of cations are in the range of 12 mmole/kg dry matter to 6150 mmole/kg dry matter, such as from 1000 mmole/kg dry matter to 5000 mmole/kg dry matter, from 2000 mmole/kg dry matter to 4000 mmole/kg dry matter, from 3000 mmole/kg dry matter to 4000 mmole/kg dry matter.
  • the present inventors have surpassingly discovered that a combination of size reduction of composted organic material and the additional supplementation of cations sufficiently increases adhesion of pressed cultivation blocks or cultivation plugs such that no additional container, or other restraint, is necessary for allowing shape retention of the pressed cultivation blocks or cultivation plugs during use.
  • the present one or more organic materials are fibrous organic materials. Fibrous materials provide a less dense structure to the substrate blocks or plugs thereby providing controlled access to water and/or nutrients in optimal amounts. Further, fibrous materials improve the structure of the present pressed cultivation, or growth, blocks or cultivation, or growth, plugs.
  • the present one or more organic materials are selected from the group consisting of cocopeat, white peat, wood chips, saw dust, non-treated, such as size reduced, compost, nut shells, cocochips, rice husks, coco doir and wood fiber.
  • White peat such as Baltic peat, is harvested from the upper layers of peat grounds.
  • White peat is characterized by a less (as compared to black peat) dense structure allowing optimized oxygen supplementation.
  • Another beneficial property of white peat is the ability to absorb water 8 times its own weight. Further, white peat is a better water retainer than black peat.
  • Cocopeat is a raw material that is extracted from the coconut husk. It mainly consists of the grit of the coconut husk in combination with fiber occasionally enriched with microorganisms and/or seaweed.
  • cocopeat and white peat are considered and preferred.
  • the present cations are multivalent cations, preferably two valent cations and especially calcium (Ca 2+ ) and/or magnesium (Mg 2+ ) although Al 3+ and similar cations are contemplated.
  • Methods and means for mechanical size reduction of organic materials are commonly known to the skilled person. Examples of mechanical size reduction according to the present invention are grinding, sieving, stamping and combinations thereof.
  • growth promoting agents can be added to the present pressed cultivation blocks or cultivation plugs such as fertilizers, growth promoting agents, growth hormones, pesticides and herbicides.
  • the present invention relates to methods for providing the pressed cultivation blocks or cultivation plugs as defined above, the method comprises the steps of:
  • step (2) 2) adding , optionally before step (1), an additional mineral source comprising sufficient cations for adhesion, or bonding, said pressed cultivation block or cultivation plug;
  • preferred amounts (in the total mixture) of cations are in the range of 12 mmole/kg dry matter to 6150 mmole/kg dry matter, such as from 1000 mmole/kg dry matter to 5000 mmole/kg dry matter, from 2000 mmole/kg dry matter to 4000 mmole/kg dry matter, from 3000 mmole/kg dry matter to 4000 mmole/kg dry matter said pressed cultivation block or cultivation plug.
  • the present invention relates to the use of a composted material for providing pressed cultivation blocks, or cultivation plugs, suitable to be used as substrate for the cultivation, or growth of plants and the use of multivalent, preferably two valent, cations for adhesion, or bonding, of pressed cultivation blocks or cultivation plugs suitable to be used as substrate for the cultivation, or growth of plants without the requirement of a container or other restrain means.
  • Preferred cations are calcium (Ca 2+ ) and/or magnesium (Mg 2+ ).
  • Figure 1 shows the cationic element ratio in percentages of black peat (zwartveen).
  • Example 1 shows the cationic element ratio in percentages of black peat (zwartveen).
  • Compost i.e. composted vegetable or animal biomass
  • pressed growth blocks used for cohesion, or structural integrity, tests.
  • mixtures of the above materials were prepared.
  • pressed growth block of a mixture of 70% v/v black peat and 30% v/v white peat supplemented with 5.5 grams per liter calcium fertilizer (Dolling) were prepared.
  • Pressed growth blocks of mixtures of 50% v/v compost and 50% cocopeat and 30% v/v compost and 70% cocopeat were also prepared.
  • Determining the ratio of materials used for pressed growth blocks was based on bulk density determination.
  • bulk density determination was performed in accordance with the method Naaldwijk: using the material, a double ring with a known volume was filled and subsequently compressed under 10 kPa during 1 minute. Then, the rings were separated and the weight of the lower ring was determined and expressed in grams per liter. Subsequently, the mixture in the ring was saturated in a pF container during 24 hours and thereafter placed at a pressure height of -31.5 cm during 24 hours. After completion, the mixture was weighed, dried at 105°C and weighed again. This provides determination of the water number, i.e. number of grams water per gram dried material.
  • the materials were sieved using a standard set of sieves and, per fraction, the amounts of organic mater (obtained by incineration) and calcium were assed to determine a deviation from average.
  • the material was resolved in a mixture of strong acids and oxidizers.
  • the total extract obtained was nebulized in a plasma flare resulting in emittance of element characterizing wavelengths.
  • the wavelengths were quantified and qualified using a spectrometer. After correction, the amounts of the elements were obtained except for nitrogen (nitrogen in the air hinders the measurements). Accordingly, nitrogen in the total extract was separately measured using a wet chemical analysis method.
  • the sample was saturated and subsequently supplemented with 1.5 volume demineralized water.
  • the mixed suspension was filtered and the filtered aqueous phase was nebulized in a plasma flare resulting in the emittance of element characterizing wavelengths.
  • the wavelengths were quantified and qualified using a spectrometer. After correction, the amounts of the elements were obtained except nitrogen (nitrogen in the air hinders the measurements). Thus ammonium and nitrate were separately measured using a wet chemical analysis method.
  • Organic matter in soil is mainly comprised of large molecules bonded by carbon atoms. Multiple side chains are generally attached to a carbon backbone. Part of these side chains contain organic acid moieties capable of binding cations. The binding of cations is sufficiently strong to avoid leaching of the cations by water. However, the bonded cations can be exchanged by other cations.
  • the total of negative binding sites of organic mater is designated as the cationic exchange capacity (CEC).
  • the binding strength of cations differs. Smaller cations with a high charge bind better than larger ones with a smaller charge.
  • the preferred order from low to strong binding is Na + ⁇ K + ⁇ Mg 2+ ⁇ Ca 2+ ⁇ Al 3+ . This preferred order is a drawback for farmers and growers because much of Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ is immobilized and adding additional calcium and magnesium generally results in an undesirable release of Na + and K + .
  • CEC is a major issue in horticulture. Firstly, a farmer, or grower, needs to know the amounts of available cations including amounts bound cations in order to optimize cultivation. Secondly, bound cations can cause an unexpected release of generally undesired potassium and sodium. Thirdly, due to the cations, organic matter can bind itself and other charged soil particles such as clay in case a cation binds multiple sites on different surfaces, i.e. electrostatic bridge forming.
  • CEC is measured by saturating a leached sample with barium chloride.
  • the barium will occupy all available binding sites thereby releasing previously bound potassium, sodium, magnesium, calcium and aluminum which can subsequently be measured in solution.
  • the sum of all elements provides the CEC in mmol per gram or charged sites per gram.
  • Element ratio on the exchange complex is often also provided. This is designated as the base saturation and provides the ratios between Na + , K + , Mg 2+ and Ca 2+ .
  • the ratio can be provided as %mol/mol or % occupied binding sites. Because magnesium and calcium are two valent this can result in large differences. Separation through flocculation
  • Hydrophilic organic matter can be stirred in water and remains more than 10 minutes in suspension. Sedimented larger particles allow separation thereof. In case floating organic matter remains, either negatively charged or not, further adding strongly charged positive particles allows flocculation and sedimentation of negatively charged floating organic matter.
  • alum Al 3+ rich was used for flocculation and sedimentation.
  • Structural integrity and cohesion was determined using a universal testing machine (UTM) to test the tensile strength and compressive strength. A blunt blade is lowered at a constant speed until the pressed growth block fractures. The resistance force of the growth block is expressed in Newton. The time point of fracture is influenced by the moisture content.
  • UPM universal testing machine
  • Table 2 shows that hammered compost contains, for plants, useable amounts of potassium, a for plants undesirable excess of sodium (and chloride) and not for plants relevant amounts of calcium, magnesium and other elements.
  • row B the amounts per kilogram are shown after total destruction.
  • row C is provided wherein the amounts are calculated as to amounts per liter allowing a comparison with row A.
  • the material contains large amounts of elements not readily solvable in water.
  • An eight times larger amount of potassium is present in the material which is not solvable in water.
  • a 200 times larger amount is bound with respect to calcium and magnesium and for nitrate this is 400 times.
  • Table 3 shows that hammered compost per kilogram contains 4 times more charged moieties than cocopeat and more than 2 times more than peat. For allowing a comparison, the charged moieties per liter are provided. When these values were calculated, the hammered compost (much more than not hammered compost) contains 20 times more charged moieties than cocopeat and 10 times more than black peat.
  • Table 3 Dry bulk density in kg/m 3 and CEC determination in mmol/kg and in mmol/l.
  • Element ratios are expressed in relation to the total number of cations (100%).
  • Table 4 shows the amounts of cations in grams per liter material.
  • the amounts of calcium in compost are relatively large (42 grams per liter). In the pressed growth blocks, approximately 5.5 grams calcium/magnesium carbonate is added resulting in 1 to 2 grams per liter added.
  • Table 4 Cations in grams per liter
  • Table 5 Water number of pressed growth blocks when pressed and force needed to loose structural integrity.
  • the bonding properties of compost amd black peat appear to be mainly based on the formation, through cations, of electrostatic bridges between organic particles.
  • the total strength of these bridges appears to be dependent on a combination of: a) sufficient availability of cations and particularly two or more valent cations; b) sufficient moisture; c) size reduction of organic materials allowing larger surfaces for interaction an increasing the exposure of charged moieties.
  • cocopeat and white peat can be used for the production of pressed growth blocks

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  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)
  • Fertilizers (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne des blocs de culture ou des cartouches de culture pressés ou compactés pour utilisation en tant que substrat pour la culture de plantes, de façon à fournir une alternative pour des blocs de culture ou des cartouches de culture pressés ou compactés à base de tourbe noire. La présente invention concerne en outre des procédés pour fournir les présents blocs de culture ou cartouches de culture pressés ou compactés. Spécifiquement, la présente invention concerne des blocs de culture ou des cartouches de culture pressés adaptés pour être utilisés en tant que substrat pour la culture, ou la croissance de plantes, les blocs de culture pressés ou les cartouches de culture comprenant : a) 9 % en poids à 39 % en poids d'un matériau organique composté ; b) 90 % en poids à 60 % en poids d'un ou plusieurs matériaux organiques supplémentaires et c) une source minérale supplémentaire comprenant suffisamment de cations pour l'adhésion ou la liaison dudit bloc de culture ou de ladite cartouche de culture pressé.
PCT/EP2021/069432 2020-07-13 2021-07-13 Blocs de culture pressés ou cartouches de culture pour utilisation en tant que substrat de culture de plantes Ceased WO2022013206A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL2026050 2020-07-13
NL2026050A NL2026050B1 (nl) 2020-07-13 2020-07-13 Geperste teeltblokken of teeltpluggen voor gebruik als substraat voor het kweken van planten en werkwijze voor het verschaffen daarvan

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WO2022013206A1 true WO2022013206A1 (fr) 2022-01-20

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Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005070852A1 (fr) * 2004-01-26 2005-08-04 Zander Corporation Ltd. Substrat de croissance
US20130019813A1 (en) * 2004-11-19 2013-01-24 Rubin Patti D Burrow Filling Compressed Growing Medium
WO2015044526A1 (fr) * 2013-09-26 2015-04-02 Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Structures de milieu de croissance à base de mousse de sphagnum et procédé de fabrication associé
WO2016097301A1 (fr) * 2014-12-19 2016-06-23 Damgro B.V. Substrat pour la croissance de plantes
WO2018140607A1 (fr) * 2017-01-26 2018-08-02 Jiffy International As Fibres de bois pour une liaison améliorée dans des milieux de culture

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2005070852A1 (fr) * 2004-01-26 2005-08-04 Zander Corporation Ltd. Substrat de croissance
US20130019813A1 (en) * 2004-11-19 2013-01-24 Rubin Patti D Burrow Filling Compressed Growing Medium
WO2015044526A1 (fr) * 2013-09-26 2015-04-02 Teknologian Tutkimuskeskus Vtt Structures de milieu de croissance à base de mousse de sphagnum et procédé de fabrication associé
WO2016097301A1 (fr) * 2014-12-19 2016-06-23 Damgro B.V. Substrat pour la croissance de plantes
WO2018140607A1 (fr) * 2017-01-26 2018-08-02 Jiffy International As Fibres de bois pour une liaison améliorée dans des milieux de culture

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