WO2022016332A1 - Appareil de transport de matériau, système d'impression 3d et procédé d'alimentation en matériau - Google Patents

Appareil de transport de matériau, système d'impression 3d et procédé d'alimentation en matériau Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022016332A1
WO2022016332A1 PCT/CN2020/103079 CN2020103079W WO2022016332A1 WO 2022016332 A1 WO2022016332 A1 WO 2022016332A1 CN 2020103079 W CN2020103079 W CN 2020103079W WO 2022016332 A1 WO2022016332 A1 WO 2022016332A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
flow channel
feeding
material flow
printing system
feeding device
Prior art date
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Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/103079
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
黄卫东
黄芃
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Meaman Machines Co Ltd
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Meaman Machines Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Meaman Machines Co Ltd filed Critical Meaman Machines Co Ltd
Priority to PCT/CN2020/103079 priority Critical patent/WO2022016332A1/fr
Priority to CN202080085035.3A priority patent/CN114786950B/zh
Priority to CN202121506193.XU priority patent/CN215849701U/zh
Publication of WO2022016332A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022016332A1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00—Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor

Definitions

  • the present application relates to the field of 3D printing, and in particular, to a material conveying device, a 3D printing system and a feeding method applied to the 3D printing system.
  • 3D printing technology based on material extrusion (Material Extrusion), such as fused deposition molding (FDM) technology, usually needs to first transport the material to the print head (or extrusion head) of the 3D printing system, and then transfer the material to the 3D printing system. It is extruded from the discharge port (or extrusion port) of the print head, so that the material is gradually deposited on the working platform, and finally a 3D printed product is formed.
  • FDM fused deposition molding
  • the present application provides a material conveying device, a 3D printing system and a feeding method applied to the 3D printing system, which can improve the controllability of the material conveying process.
  • a material conveying device comprising: a material flow channel, adapted to be installed between a feeding device and a print head of a 3D printing system, for conveying the flowable material output by the feeding device to the The printing head, the material flow channel has a variable volume; the control part is connected with the material flow channel, and is used for adjusting the volume of the material flow channel during the process of conveying the material in the material flow channel.
  • a 3D printing system comprising: a feeding device for outputting flowable materials; a printing head for performing 3D printing with the flowable materials output by the feeding device; and a material flow channel, located at the Between the feeding device and the print head, the flowable material output by the feeding device is transported to the print head, and the material flow channel has a variable volume; the control part is connected with the material flow channel connected, and used for adjusting the volume of the material flow channel during the process of conveying the material in the material flow channel.
  • a feeding method applied to a 3D printing system comprising: using a material flow channel to transport a flowable material to a print head; during the process of conveying the material in the material flow channel, adjusting the flow of the material flow channel volume.
  • the material conveying process can be controlled more flexibly by adjusting the volume of the material channel.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of a traditional 3D printing system.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the material conveying device provided by the first embodiment of the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a material flow channel with variable length in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view in one direction shown in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 5 is an exploded view of the material flow channel shown in FIG. 3 .
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic structural diagram of an implementation manner of a material flow channel with variable width in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the material flow channel shown in FIG. 6 in one direction.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view of the material flow channel shown in FIG. 6 from another direction.
  • FIG. 9 is an exploded view of the material flow channel shown in FIG. 6 .
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of another implementation manner of the material flow channel with variable width in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of the material flow channel shown in FIG. 10 in one direction.
  • FIG. 12 is a cross-sectional view of the material flow channel shown in FIG. 11 from another direction.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a material conveying device with a heating device in the first embodiment.
  • FIG. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of a 3D printing system provided by the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of another 3D printing system provided by the second embodiment.
  • 16 is a schematic structural diagram of the second feeding device in the second embodiment
  • FIG. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of another 3D printing system provided by the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of another 3D printing system provided by the second embodiment.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic flow chart of the feeding method provided by the third embodiment.
  • the 3D printing system 10 includes a feeding device 20 and a printing head 30 .
  • the direction indicated by the arrow is the conveying direction of the material in the 3D printing system 10 .
  • the feeding device 20 delivers the flowable material to the print head 30 , and then the print head 30 extrudes the material through the extrusion port 31 , so that the material is gradually deposited on the working platform 40 , and finally form a 3D print.
  • the feeding device 20 and the printing head 30 are usually connected together through a material flow channel with a fixed volume.
  • the material extrusion flow rate of the 3D printing head may vary, which will lead to different times for the material with different flow rates to pass through the material flow channel, and the entire material conveying process does not have the possibility of control.
  • the uncontrollability of the material conveying process can cause many problems. For example, when the material extrusion varies greatly, the temperature or pressure of the material conveyed to the print head by the 3D printing system will fluctuate significantly.
  • the present application adds a material channel with variable volume to the 3D printing system, so that in the process of conveying the material to the print head, the 3D printing system can adjust the volume of the material flow channel by adjusting the volume of the material flow channel. , flexibly control the conveying process of materials.
  • the first implementation of the present application is an embodiment of a material conveying device, and the material conveying device is suitable for use in a 3D printing system.
  • the material conveying device 50 includes a material flow channel 51 with a variable volume and a control part 52 .
  • the control part 52 is connected with the material flow channel 51 and is used for adjusting the material during the material flow channel 51 conveying the material.
  • the volume of the flow channel 51 is a material flow channel 51 with a variable volume and a control part 52 .
  • the material flow channel 51 has a structure that allows flowable material to flow therethrough, and has a variable volume.
  • the material flow channel 51 can be implemented in many ways, which are not limited in this embodiment of the present application.
  • the material flow channel 51 can be a material with a variable length (the direction in which the material flows in the material flow channel 51 is the length direction of the material flow channel 51, and the size of the material flow channel in this direction is the length of the material channel 51). Therefore, the volume of the material flow channel 51 can be changed by changing the length of the material flow channel 51 .
  • the material flow channel 51 may also have a variable width (dimension in the direction perpendicular to the length direction) of the material flow channel, so that the volume of the material flow channel 51 can be changed by changing the width of the material flow channel 51 .
  • the material flow channel 51 can be installed between the feeding device 20 and the print head 30 of the 3D printing system as shown in FIG.
  • the feeding device 20 can be, for example, a screw feeding device (or a screw pump, or a screw extruder), a pneumatic feeding device or a piston feeding device, and the specific form of the feeding device 20 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the feeding device 20 can flexibly control the material conveying process by adjusting the volume of the material channel 51 during the process of conveying the material to the print head 30 .
  • the material flow channel 51 can be a material flow channel with a variable length, so that the control part 52 can adjust the volume of the material flow channel 51 by changing the length of the material flow channel 51 .
  • variable length of the material flow channel 51 There are many ways to realize the variable length of the material flow channel 51 , and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit how to realize the variable length of the material flow channel 51 . A possible implementation is given below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
  • the material flow channel 51 includes a first part 511 and a second part 512 .
  • the second part 512 is the main part of the material flow channel 51 , and a channel 5121 is provided on the second part 512 , and the material flow channel 51 conveys the material through the channel 5121 .
  • the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 4 is the direction in which the material flows through the channel 5121 , that is, the direction in which the material flows in the material flow channel 51 , that is, the length direction of the material flow channel 51 .
  • the first part 511 is inserted into the channel 5121 , is in sealing fit with the inner wall of the channel 5121 , and can slide along the length direction of the material flow channel 51 .
  • the first part 511 is provided with a hole 5111 so that the material can flow out of the channel 5121 through the hole 5111 .
  • the material flows in from the end of the channel 5121 away from the first part 511 and flows out from the hole 5111 .
  • the material can also flow in from the hole 5111 and flow out from the end of the channel 5121 away from the first part 511 .
  • control part can change the length of the material flow channel 51 by controlling the first part 511 to slide relative to the second part 512 , thereby changing the volume of the material flow channel 51 .
  • the material flow channel 51 can also be set as a material flow channel with variable width, so that the control part 52 can adjust the volume of the material flow channel 51 by changing the width of the material flow channel 51 .
  • variable width of the material flow channel 51 There are many ways to realize the variable width of the material flow channel 51 , and the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit how to realize the variable width of the material flow channel 51 .
  • the material flow channel 51 has a first portion 511 and a second portion 512 that define the volume of the material flow channel 51 , and the first portion 511 is connected to the second portion 511 along the width direction of the material flow channel 51 .
  • Section 512 is slidingly connected.
  • the control part 512 is used to control the sliding of the first part 511 relative to the second part 512 to change the width of the material flow channel 51 .
  • the second part 512 can be the main part of the material flow channel 51, and a channel 5121 for conveying the material can be provided thereon.
  • the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 5 is the direction in which the material flows in the channel 5121 , that is, the length direction of the material flow channel 51 .
  • the first part 511 can be, for example, a movable slider, which is embedded in the second part 512 and can slide along the width direction of the material flow channel 51 .
  • the end face of the first portion 511 placed in the channel 5121 constitutes a part of the side wall of the channel 5121 .
  • control part 52 can change the width of the material flow channel 51 by controlling the sliding of the first part 511 relative to the second part 512 .
  • the height of some material channels 51 may be relatively low, and the first part 511 needs to be very thin, which will lead to low strength of the first part 511 and easy to be damaged by sliding for a long time.
  • the contact parts of the first part and the second part may have complementary stepped shapes. This embodiment will be described in detail below with reference to FIGS. 10 to 12 .
  • the material flow channel 51 includes a first part 511 and a second part 512 , and the first part 511 is slidably embedded in the second part 512 .
  • a first step 5112 is provided on one side of the first part 511
  • a second step 5122 is provided on the surface of the second part 512 in contact with the first step 5112 .
  • the first step 5112 , the second step 5122 , the surface of the first part 511 provided with the first step 5112 and the surface of the second part 512 provided with the second step 5122 together form a channel 5121 .
  • the material flow channel 51 conveys the material through the channel 5121 .
  • the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 11 is the direction in which the material flows in the channel 5121, that is, the length direction of the material flow channel.
  • the control part 52 can change the distance between the first step 5112 and the second step 5122 by controlling the sliding of the first part 511 relative to the second part 512, thereby changing the width of the material flow channel.
  • control part 52 can control the time for the material to flow through the material flow channel 51 by adjusting the volume of the material flow channel 51 , thereby controlling the conveying process of the material.
  • control portion 52 may be used to adjust the volume of the material flow channel 51 so that the volume of the material flow channel 51 matches the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel 51 .
  • the volume of the material flow channel 51 has a certain matching relationship with the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel 51, so that the control part 52 can adjust the flow rate of the material flow channel 51 according to the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel 51. volume.
  • the matching relationship may be: the volume of the material flow channel 51 increases with the increase of the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel 51, and decreases with the decrease of the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel 51; or It may be: the volume of the material flow channel 51 decreases as the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel 51 increases, and increases as the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel 51 decreases.
  • the matching relationship between the volume of the material flow channel 51 and the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel 51 is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Adjusting the volume of the material flow channel 51 according to the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel 51 can more accurately control the time required for the material to flow through the material flow channel 51 .
  • control part 52 controls so that when the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel 51 increases, the volume of the material flow channel 51 becomes larger; when the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel 51 decreases, the material The volume of the flow channel 51 is reduced. In this way, the influence of the flow rate change of the material on the time required for the material to flow through the material flow channel 51 can be suppressed, and the fluctuation of the time required for the material to pass through the material flow channel 51 can be reduced.
  • control portion controls such that the volume of the material flow channel 51 is proportional to the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel 51 .
  • control part 52 controls the volume of the material flow channel 51 to increase or decrease in the same proportion.
  • the control part 52 can control the sliding of the first part 511 to make The width of the material flow channel 51 is also correspondingly changed in the range of 1 to 10 times. For example, when the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel 51 is increased from 1 time to 3 times, the control part 52 also adjusts the width of the material flow channel 51 from 1 time to 3 times accordingly; When the flow rate of the material is reduced from 3 times to 2 times, the control part 52 also correspondingly adjusts the width of the material flow channel 51 from 3 times to 2 times.
  • control of the control part 52 makes the materials with different flow rates in the material flow channel 51 pass through the material flow channel 51 within a preset time range.
  • control section 52 controls so that materials of different flow rates in the material flow path 51 pass through the material flow path 51 at substantially the same time.
  • the material flow channel 51 is used to receive material from the feeding device 20;
  • the 3D printing system 10 further includes: a heating device for heating the material in the material flow channel 51 .
  • the heating device may be, for example, a heating tube or a heating sheet. It can be arranged outside the material flow channel 51 or inside the material flow channel 51 .
  • the specific form and location of the heating device are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • the heating device may be a plurality of heating pipes 53 embedded in the second portion 512 of the material flow channel 51 .
  • a plurality of heating pipes 53 can be arranged in parallel along the length direction of the material flow channel 51 to heat the material when the material flow channel 51 conveys the material.
  • the pair of material flow channels 51 can be controlled by adjusting the volume of the material flow channel 51. The heating time of the material.
  • the volume of the material flow channel 51 can be controlled so that the materials with different flow rates can flow through the material flow channel 51 at a similar time, so as to obtain similar heating time.
  • This setting can reduce the influence of the change of the flow rate of the material on the temperature of the material to a small extent, and improve the controllability of the material conveying process.
  • the second embodiment of the present application is an embodiment of a 3D printing system.
  • the 3D printing system is provided with a material flow channel with a variable volume, so that in the process of conveying the material to the print head, the 3D printing system can adjust the material by adjusting the material.
  • the volume of the runner can control the material conveying process more precisely and flexibly.
  • the 3D printing system 10 includes a feeding device 20 , a printing head 30 , a material flow channel 51 and a control part 52 .
  • the direction indicated by the arrow is the flow (or conveying) direction of the material in the 3D printing system 10 .
  • the material can pass through the feeding device 20 , the material flow channel 51 and the printing head 30 in sequence, and finally be deposited on the printing platform 40 .
  • the material of the material printed by the 3D printing system 10 is not specifically limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the 3D printing system 10 can be used to print plastic and any paste-like material that can flow and be extruded.
  • the 3D printing system 10 may be used to print metal paste-like materials (the metal paste-like materials may be formed by adding liquid binders to metal powders), ceramic paste-like materials (the ceramic paste-like materials may be formed by adding liquid binders to metal powders) Add liquid binder to form), organic polymer materials, inorganic paste materials (such as cement, gypsum slurry, mud slurry, etc.).
  • the material that the 3D printing system 10 can use to print can also be cream, chocolate and other paste-like foods. More specifically, in certain embodiments, the 3D printing system 10 may be used to print materials formed from the following materials: polylactic acid (PLA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS), polycarbonate ( PC), nylon-6 (PA6), polyphenylene sulfide (PPS), polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) and polyetheretherketone (PEEK).
  • PLA polylactic acid
  • ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene
  • PC polycarbonate
  • PA6 nylon-6
  • PPS polyphenylene sulfide
  • PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
  • PEEK polyetheretherketone
  • the feeding device 20 is used to output the flowable material.
  • the print head 30 is used for 3D printing using the flowable material output by the feeding device 20 .
  • the material flow channel 51 is located between the feeding device 20 and the printing head 30 , and is used for conveying the flowable material output by the feeding device 20 to the printing head 30 .
  • the flow channel 51 has a variable volume.
  • the control part 52 is connected with the material flow channel 51 and is used for adjusting the volume of the material flow channel 51 during the process of conveying the material in the material flow channel 51 .
  • the feeding device 20 can be, for example, a screw feeding device (or a screw pump, or a screw extruder), a pneumatic feeding device or a piston feeding device, and the specific form of the feeding device 20 is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • Only the material flow channel 51 may be provided between the feeding device 20 and the print head 30, and other devices for conveying materials may also be provided, which is not limited in this application.
  • the 3D printing system can control the material conveying process by adjusting the material channel volume, thereby improving the controllability of the material conveying process.
  • the material flow channel 51 is a material flow channel with a variable length
  • the control part 52 is used to adjust the length of the material flow channel.
  • the material flow channel 51 is a material flow channel with variable width
  • the control part 52 is used to adjust the width of the material flow channel.
  • the material flow channel 51 has a first portion and a second portion that define the volume of the material flow channel 51 , and the first portion is slidably connected with the second portion along the width direction of the material flow channel.
  • the control part 52 is used to control the sliding of the first part relative to the second part to change the width of the material flow channel.
  • the contact portions of the first portion and the second portion are complementary stepped.
  • the time for the material to flow through the material flow channel 51 can be controlled, thereby controlling the material conveying process.
  • control portion 52 is used to adjust the volume of the material flow channel 51 so that the volume of the material flow channel 51 matches the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel 51 .
  • control part 52 controls so that when the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel 51 increases, the volume of the material flow channel 51 becomes larger; when the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel 51 decreases, the material The volume of the flow channel 51 is reduced.
  • control portion controls such that the volume of the material flow channel 51 is proportional to the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel 51 .
  • control of the control part 52 makes the materials with different flow rates in the material flow channel 51 pass through the material flow channel 51 within a preset time range.
  • the material flow channel 51 is used to receive material from the feeding device 20;
  • the 3D printing system 10 further includes: a heating device for heating the material in the material flow channel 51 .
  • the screw feeding device usually includes a feeding section, a melting section (or compression section) and a metering section.
  • the feeding section is used to receive the solid material
  • the melting section is used to convert the solid material into a flowable state
  • the metering section is used to quantitatively output the flowable material to the print head. If the flow rate of the material changes dynamically, then the rotational speed of the screw feeder also changes dynamically. In this way, the pressure, flow and temperature of the flowable material output from the melting section will fluctuate. Affected by the fluctuation of the flowable material output by the melting section, it is difficult for the metering section to deliver the material to the print head accurately and quantitatively.
  • the present application assigns the two tasks of the state transition of the material and the metering output of the material to two different feeding devices, and buffers the material between the two feeding devices to shield the output of the first feeding device The impact of fluctuations on the second feeding device.
  • the 3D printing system 10 includes a feeding device 20 , a buffer device 60 , a printing head 30 , a material flow channel 51 and a control part 52 .
  • the feeding device 20 includes a first feeding device 21 and a second feeding device 22
  • the buffer device 60 is located between the first feeding device 21 and the second feeding device 22 .
  • the direction indicated by the arrow in FIG. 15 is the direction of material flow (or material conveyance). It can be seen from the direction indicated by the arrow that in the 3D printing system 10 , the material can pass through the first feeding device 21 , the buffer container 60 , the second feeding device 22 and the printing head 30 in sequence.
  • the first feeding device 21 is used to convert solid materials into flowable materials (also referred to as molten materials).
  • the buffer container 60 is used for storing the flowable material output by the first feeding device 21 .
  • the second feeding device 40 is used for feeding the flowable material in the buffer container 60 to the print head 30 . That is to say, the first feeding device 21 is used to realize the conversion of the material from solid state to fluid state, and the second feeding device is used to realize the metering output to the print head.
  • the first feeding device 20 may be a screw feeding device (or a screw pump, or a screw extruder), or a pneumatic feeding device or a piston feeding device.
  • the second feeding device 21 may also be various implementation manners of the second feeding device 21 , which are not limited in the embodiments of the present application.
  • a melt pump (gear pump), a piston pump or a screw feeding device (also referred to as a screw pump) can be used for feeding.
  • the buffer container 60 can isolate the possible adverse effects of the output fluctuation of the first feeding device 21 on the second feeding device 22 .
  • the fluctuation output by the first feeding device 21 includes at least one of the following fluctuations: pressure fluctuation, flow fluctuation and temperature fluctuation.
  • the isolation of the buffer container 60 from the fluctuations output by the first feeding device 21 is beneficial for the second feeding device 22 to precisely control the flow rate of the material.
  • the buffer container 60 can reduce the requirement for cooperative control between the first feeding device 21 and the second feeding device 22 .
  • the buffer container 60 can smooth the fluctuation of the output of the first feeding device 21 and ensure that the material is supplied to the subsequent second feeding device 22 in a stable state.
  • the buffer container 60 Due to the existence of the buffer container 60, the difficulty of coordinating the two stages of material state transformation and metering output is reduced, thereby facilitating the realization of stable metering output of materials.
  • the material flow channel 51 may be provided between the first feeding device 21 and the buffer container 60 , or may be provided between the second feeding device 22 and the print head 30 . Of course, material flow channels 51 may also be provided between the first feeding device 21 and the buffer container 60 and between the second feeding device 22 and the print head 30 , respectively.
  • the first feeding device 21 usually has a larger adjustable range of the material conveying flow rate.
  • the material conveying flow rate of the first feeding device 21 changes greatly in a short period of time, it will cause significant fluctuations in the material temperature.
  • a temperature control unit may be provided in the buffer container 60 to control the temperature of the flowable material stored in the buffer container 60 , to a certain extent, the temperature fluctuation of the material conveyed by the first feeding device 21 is suppressed.
  • the buffer container 60 needs to have an overflow effect when the material conveying flow rate of the first feeding device 21 is greater than the material conveying flow rate of the second feeding device 22, its volume cannot be too small. Therefore, for materials with low thermal conductivity, before the materials are conveyed to the second feeding device 22 , the buffer volume 60 may not have time to control the materials to the set temperature.
  • Disposing the material flow channel 51 with the heating device between the first feeding device 21 and the buffer can better shield temperature fluctuations.
  • the control part 52 can control the volume of the material flow channel 51 to change, so that no matter how the material conveying flow rate of the first feeding device 21 changes, the material is It can pass through the material flow channel 51 at a similar time, so as to obtain a similar heating time.
  • This arrangement enables the materials to have similar temperatures before entering the buffer container, thereby better shielding the temperature fluctuations of the materials output from the first feeding device 21 .
  • the second feeding device 22 may be a screw feeding device.
  • Screw feeders can be either single-screw or twin-screw designs.
  • the screw of the screw feeder can have a single thread or multiple threads.
  • the screw of the screw feeding device can be a horizontal screw or a vertical screw, and the screw groove can be of equal depth or deeper.
  • the screw feeding device 22 may include a screw 221 .
  • the screw feeding device 22 may further include a motor 222 and a reducer 223 .
  • the motor 222 can be used to control the rotation of the screw 221 .
  • the speed reducer 223 can be used to match the speed between the motor 222 and the screw 221 .
  • the 3D printing system may further include temperature control devices 224 , 32 .
  • the temperature control devices 224 and 32 are used to control the temperature of the screw feeding device 22 and the printing head 30 , so that the temperature of the printing head 30 is higher than the temperature of the material in the screw feeding device 22 .
  • the technical solution can effectively reduce the problems of backflow and leakage, and the reasons are discussed as follows.
  • the extrusion flow rate of the screw feeder can be calculated by the following formula:
  • Q represents the extrusion flow (or flow rate) of the material
  • D represents the outer diameter of the screw 221
  • H represents the depth of the screw groove
  • n represents the screw speed
  • P represents the extrusion pressure of the extrusion port 31
  • Pmax represents the maximum extrusion pressure of the screw 221
  • L represents the length of the screw 221
  • ⁇ represents the gap between the screw 221 and the barrel
  • e represents the screw The normal width of the edge
  • ⁇ represents the viscosity of the material in the groove
  • ⁇ 1 represents the viscosity of the material in the gap ⁇ .
  • the above-mentioned difference setting of material viscosity can greatly reduce the problem of backflow and leakage of the screw feeding device 22, and even reduce the backflow and leakage to a negligible level compared with the positive flow. In this way, the screw feeding The device 22 can then provide an accurate metered output.
  • the inventors also found that reducing the extrusion pressure P of the extrusion port 31 can significantly reduce the power consumption of the screw feeding device 22, thereby reducing the material conveying cost of the 3D printing system.
  • a lower temperature can increase the viscosity of the material, and a higher temperature can reduce the viscosity of the material
  • setting a lower temperature at the screw 221 can increase the viscosity of the material, and setting a higher temperature at the extrusion port 31.
  • the temperature can reduce the viscosity of the material at the extrusion port 31 . Therefore, by setting the temperature of the print head 30 to be higher than the temperature of the material in the screw feeder 22 through the temperature control devices 224 , 32 , the problems of backflow and leakage can be effectively reduced, and the performance of the screw feeder 22 can be significantly reduced. power consumption.
  • the temperature control devices 224 , 32 may include a first heater 224 and a second heater 32 .
  • the first heater 224 is configured to heat the screw 221 .
  • the second heater 32 is configured to heat the extrusion port 31 .
  • the heating temperature of the second heater 32 is higher than the heating temperature of the first heater 224 .
  • the temperature difference between the screw 221 and the extrusion port 31 can be increased as much as possible. This requires that, in the process of conveying the material from the outlet position of the screw feeding device 22 to the extrusion port 31, the material with a lower temperature at the outlet position of the screw feeding device 22 is heated to a higher temperature.
  • the material delivery flow rate of the screw feeder 22 is dynamically varied.
  • the material conveying flow rate of the screw feeding device 22 When the material conveying flow rate of the screw feeding device 22 is low, the material will stay for a long time between the outlet of the screw feeding device 22 and the print head, and staying at a high temperature for a long time will cause the material to face a relatively long time. High risk of degradation. On the contrary, when the material conveying flow rate of the screw feeding device 22 is high, the long residence time of the material between the outlet of the screw feeding device 22 and the print head will be shortened, which will result in the material temperature being too late to pass from the low temperature state of the outlet of the screw feeding device 22. It is heated to a predetermined high temperature state of the extrusion port 31 .
  • a material flow channel 51 with a heating device is provided between the screw feeding device 22 and the print head 30, which can effectively solve this problem.
  • the control part 52 can control the volume of the material flow channel 51, so that no matter how the material conveying flow rate of the screw feeding device 22 changes, the material can be A similar time flows through the material flow channel 51, thereby obtaining a similar heating time. In this way, the influence of the change of the material conveying flow rate of the screw feeding device 22 on the heating of the material can be reduced to a lower level, thereby solving the above problems.
  • the material conveying flow rate of the second feeding device 22 needs to vary within a relatively large range.
  • the 3D printing system 10 needs to adjust the material extrusion flow rate of the print head 30 according to the actual demand to adjust the printing efficiency of the 3D printing system.
  • the adjustable range of the material conveying flow rate is limited.
  • the material conveying flow rate of the second feeding device 22 is required to vary within a large range, it is more difficult for a single feeding device to realize.
  • the second feeding device 22 can be set as a feeding device composed of a plurality of feeding mechanisms with different adjustable ranges of material conveying flow rates.
  • the 3D printing system 10 is substantially the same as the 3D printing system 10 shown in FIG. 15 , and the difference is only the second feeding device 22 .
  • the similarities will not be repeated.
  • the second feeding device 22 of the 3D printing system 10 includes a plurality of feeding mechanisms 225 (the plurality of feeding mechanisms 225 can be connected in parallel) and a control unit 226 .
  • a plurality of feeding mechanisms 225 can be used for conveying the material of the same article, and different feeding mechanisms 225 in the plurality of feeding mechanisms 225 have different adjustable ranges of material conveying flow rates.
  • the multiple feeding mechanisms 225 may be respectively connected with the buffers 60 , so that the buffers 60 can respectively transport materials to the multiple feeding mechanisms 225 .
  • the feeding mechanism 225 can be a screw-type feeding device (or a screw pump, or a screw extruder), or a pneumatic feeding device or a piston-type feeding device.
  • the different feeding mechanisms 225 can be the same kind of feeding devices, for example, they can all be screw-type feeding devices. Different feeding mechanisms 225 may also be different types of feeding devices, for example, some feeding mechanisms 225 are screw-type feeding devices, and other feeding mechanisms 225 are piston-type feeding devices.
  • Only one material flow channel 51 may be provided between the feeding device 22 and the print head 30 , so that multiple feeding mechanisms 225 can feed materials to the print head 30 through the same material flow channel 51 .
  • a plurality of material flow channels 51 may also be disposed between the second feeding device 22 and the print head 30 , so that different feeding mechanisms 225 can convey materials to the print head 30 through different material flow channels 51 .
  • the number of the material flow channels 51 between the second feeding device and the print head is not limited in the embodiment of the present application.
  • the number of print heads 30 can be one, so that multiple feeding mechanisms 225 can deliver materials to the same print head 30 of the 3D printing system. Obviously, in some embodiments, multiple print heads 30 may also be provided corresponding to multiple feed mechanisms 225, so that multiple feed mechanisms 225 can respectively deliver materials to different print heads 30 of the 3D printing system.
  • the number of print heads 30 is not specifically limited in this application.
  • the control unit 226 is used to select a corresponding feeding mechanism from the plurality of feeding mechanisms 225 to transport the material according to the demand for the variation range of the material conveying flow rate of the part to be printed during the process of printing the same item (eg, the same part).
  • a plurality of feeding mechanisms 225 can work at the same time, and can also work in time division. Multiple feed mechanisms 225 may print different parts (or different structures) of the same item, such as printing different parts (or different regions) in the same layer. For example, a feeding mechanism with a lower adjustable range of material conveying flow rate can be used for high-precision printing of fine structures of an item; a feeding mechanism with a higher adjustable range of material conveying flow rate can be used for high-precision printing of thick and large structures of an item. Efficient printing.
  • the use of multiple feeding mechanisms with different adjustable ranges of material conveying flow rates to cooperate to transport materials can reduce the difficulty of implementing each feeding mechanism.
  • the adjustable range feeding mechanism feeds the material to the print head.
  • the second feeding device can be configured to include two feeding mechanisms: a first feeding mechanism and a second feeding mechanism.
  • the adjustable range of the material conveying flow rate of the first feeding mechanism is 1-100 mm 3 /s
  • the adjustable range of the material conveying flow rate of the second feeding mechanism is 100-10000 mm 3 /s.
  • the two feeding mechanisms cooperate with each other, and the material conveying flow rate can be adjusted within 1 ⁇ 10000mm 3 /s, but each of the two feeding mechanisms only needs to satisfy the material conveying flow rate within the range of 1 ⁇ 100 times. It can be adjusted, and it does not need to be adjusted within 1 to 10,000 times, thereby simplifying the realization difficulty of the feeding mechanism.
  • the embodiment of the present application does not specifically limit the setting manner of the adjustable ranges of the material conveying flow rates of the plurality of feeding mechanisms 225 .
  • the adjustable range of the material conveying flow rate of the first feeding mechanism can be [Q 1 , Q 2 ], and the material conveying flow rate of the second feeding mechanism
  • the adjustable range of the flow rate can be [Q 3 , Q 4 ], where Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , and Q 4 are all positive numbers, and Q 1 is less than Q 3 , Q 4 is greater than Q 2 , and Q 2 is greater than Q 3 .
  • the adjustable range of the material conveying flow rate of the first feeding mechanism is smaller than the adjustable range of the material conveying flow rate of the second feeding mechanism, and the two ranges at least partially overlap.
  • the first feeding mechanism and the second feeding mechanism cooperate with each other, so that the continuous adjustment of the material conveying flow rate within a larger range (ie [Q 1 , Q 4 ]) can be realized.
  • control unit 226 may be configured to: when the demand for the material to be printed portion of the delivery flow rate variation range is smaller than Q 3, controls the first feed mechanism feeding; when part of the material to be printed conveyed When the demand for the variation range of the flow rate is greater than Q 2 , the second feeding mechanism is controlled to feed; when the demand for the variation range of the material conveying flow rate of the part to be printed is between Q 2 and Q 3 , the first feeding mechanism is controlled to feed or The second feeding mechanism feeds the material.
  • the material conveyed by the first feeding mechanism is extruded through the first extrusion port of the print head of the 3D printing system, and the material conveyed by the second feeding mechanism passes through the second extrusion port of the print head of the 3D printing system.
  • the widths of the first extrusion port and the second extrusion port are both continuously adjustable, and the thickness of the first extrusion port is smaller than the thickness of the second extrusion port.
  • the adjustable range of the material conveying flow rate of the first feeding mechanism is smaller than the adjustable range of the material conveying flow rate of the second feeding mechanism, then the first feeding mechanism can be configured with an extrusion port with a smaller thickness (extrusion port The smaller the thickness of the outlet, the higher the printing accuracy of the extrusion port), so that the first feeding mechanism is applied to high-precision printing.
  • a thicker extrusion port is configured for the second feeding mechanism (the greater the thickness of the extrusion port, the higher the printing efficiency of the extrusion port), so that the second feeding mechanism is applied to high-efficiency printing.
  • multiple feeding mechanisms 225 deliver materials to the same print head 30, in order to avoid the transmission of materials and pressure between different feeding mechanisms 225, in some embodiments of the present application, referring to FIG. 17 again, multiple feeding mechanisms A one-way valve 70 may be disposed between any one of the feeding mechanisms 225 and the print head 30 .
  • the one-way valve 70 may be arranged between the feeding mechanism 225 and the material flow channel 51, or may be arranged in the material flow channel 51. Between lane 51 and print head 30 . In the embodiment in which multiple feeding mechanisms 225 deliver materials to the print head 30 through the same material flow channel 51 , the one-way valve 70 is installed between the feeding mechanism 225 and the material flow channel 51 .
  • the transfer of materials and pressure between different feeding mechanisms 225 is effectively prevented, and the operation stability of the 3D printing system 10 is improved.
  • control unit 226 may also be used to control the multiple feeding mechanisms 225 to work at different times during the process of printing the same article.
  • control unit 226 controls a certain feeding mechanism to work, and can control other feeding mechanisms to stop working. In this way, when a certain feeding mechanism is working, the material conveyed by the feeding mechanism may leak through the material passage between other feeding mechanisms and the print head.
  • a feeding mechanism with a higher adjustable range that can control the material conveying flow rate works, so that the thick part can be printed efficiently; when a local fine part of the part needs to be printed
  • the feeding mechanism with a lower adjustable range that can control the material conveying flow rate works, the local fine part can be printed with high precision.
  • a corresponding print head 30 can be configured for each of the multiple feeding mechanisms 225 , and the multiple feeding mechanisms 225 can be controlled to print at the same time different parts of the same item.
  • a feeding mechanism with a higher adjustable range that can control the material conveying flow rate can efficiently print thick parts of the part, while a feeding mechanism with a lower adjustable range that can control the material conveying flow rate works on local fine parts of the part High-precision printing.
  • the plurality of feeding mechanisms 225 are a plurality of screw-type feeding devices.
  • the screw feeder when the screw feeder conveys the material, it needs to heat the material so that the material is in a flowing state.
  • the screw feeding device When a single screw feeding device is used to convey materials to the print head, in order to achieve a large adjustable range for the printing efficiency of the 3D printing system, the screw feeding device needs to have a correspondingly large adjustable material conveying flow rate. Scope.
  • the adjustable range of the material conveying flow rate of a single screw feeding device is too large, which will cause the material to stay in the screw feeding device for too long when the material conveying flow rate is low, which increases the risk of degradation.
  • the residence time of the material in the screw feeding device is too short and the heating is insufficient, so that the temperature of the material cannot be accurately controlled.
  • the screw feeder with an appropriate output flow rate can be selected to operate according to actual needs, thereby effectively avoiding the above problems.
  • the print head 30 may have an extrusion port 31 with a continuously adjustable width.
  • the extrusion port with continuously adjustable width is applied in some advanced 3D printing technologies.
  • Some of these 3D printing systems require the width of the extrusion port to be controlled so that the width of the extrusion port varies with the filling area of the material.
  • the cross-sectional contour line is changed (or, the width of the extrusion port is matched with the length of the sectional line segment of the cross-sectional contour line of the material-filled area), so as to achieve ultra-high-efficiency printing.
  • the first feeding device 21 , the buffer container 60 , the second feeding device 22 and the print head 30 can be regarded as four functional sections of the entire 3D printing system 10 , and each functional section can be based on its own Precise temperature control is required.
  • the first feeding device 21 may control the temperature to be suitable for the material to be converted from a solid state to a flowable state.
  • the buffer container 60 can control the temperature at a target value, and the target value can be determined according to the working temperature of the second feeding device 21 , for example, can be slightly higher than the working temperature of the second feeding device 21 .
  • the temperature of the second feeding device 21 and the print head 30 can be controlled by the above-mentioned temperature difference control method.
  • the material flow channel 51 is arranged between the functional segments, which helps each functional segment to perform precise temperature control, thereby improving the printing quality of the 3D printing system.
  • the multi-feeding mechanism scheme is described in detail by taking the second feeding device 22 including multiple feeding mechanisms 225 as an example, but the application scenario of the multi-feeding mechanism scheme is not limited to the scene shown in FIG. 17 .
  • the feeding mechanism 20 in FIG. 14 can also be replaced with multiple feeding mechanisms to directly feed the print head, thereby omitting the first feeding device and the buffer container.
  • the second embodiment is an apparatus embodiment
  • the third embodiment is a method embodiment.
  • FIG. 19 is a schematic flowchart of a feeding method applied to a 3D printing system provided by the third embodiment of the present application.
  • the method S1900 of FIG. 19 may be performed by the aforementioned 3D printing system 10 .
  • Method S1900 includes steps S1910 and S1920.
  • step S1910 the flowable material output by the feeding device is delivered to the print head by using a material flow channel with a variable volume.
  • step S1920 in the process of conveying the material in the material flow channel, the volume of the material flow channel is adjusted.
  • step S1920 may include: controlling the time for the material to flow through the material flow channel by adjusting the volume of the material flow channel.
  • step S1920 may include: adjusting the volume of the material flow channel so that the volume of the material flow channel matches the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel.
  • step S1920 may include: adjusting the volume of the material flow channel, so that when the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel increases, the volume of the material flow channel becomes larger; when the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel decreases, The volume of the material flow channel becomes smaller.
  • step S1920 may include: adjusting the volume of the material flow channel so that the volume of the material flow channel is proportional to the flow rate of the material in the material flow channel; or, making the materials with different flow rates in the material flow channel all within the Through the material flow channel within a preset time frame.
  • step S1920 may include: adjusting the volume of the material flow channel so that the volume of the material flow channel matches the rate of material input into the material flow channel.
  • the material flow channel may be a material flow channel with a variable width; step S1920 may include: adjusting the volume of the material flow channel by adjusting the width of the material flow channel.
  • the material flow channel may have a first part and a second part defining the volume of the material flow channel, and the first part is slidably connected with the second part along the width direction of the material flow channel; step S1920 may include: by controlling the first part One part slides relative to the second part to change the width of the material flow channel, thereby adjusting the volume of the material flow channel.
  • the contact portions of the first and second portions are complementary stepped.
  • the method S1900 may further include: heating the material in the material flow channel.
  • the feeding device includes a first feeding device and a second feeding device
  • the 3D printing system further includes a buffer container located between the first feeding device and the second feeding device
  • the method S1900 may further include: using the first feeding device The device converts solid materials into flowable materials; uses the buffer container to store the materials output by the first feeding device; uses the second feeding device to transport the materials in the buffer container to the print head; wherein, the material flow channel is arranged in the first feeding device Between the device and the buffer container, and/or, the material flow channel is provided between the second feeding device and the print head.
  • the second feeding device is a screw feeding device
  • the method S1900 may further include: performing temperature control on the screw feeding device and the print head, so that the temperature of the printing head is higher than the material in the screw feeding device temperature.
  • the second feeding device includes a plurality of feeding mechanisms, and the adjustable ranges of the material conveying flow rates of the plurality of feeding mechanisms are different; the method S1900 further includes: in the process of printing the same article, according to the part to be printed, the material is According to the requirements of the changing range of the conveying flow rate, the corresponding feeding mechanism is selected from multiple feeding mechanisms to transport the material.
  • multiple feed mechanisms are used to print different portions of the same layer of the article.
  • multiple feed mechanisms deliver material to the same print head of the 3D printing system.
  • a one-way valve is disposed between any one of the plurality of feeding mechanisms and the print head.
  • the method S1900 further includes: during the process of printing the same article, controlling multiple feeding mechanisms to work at different times.
  • multiple feed mechanisms deliver material to different print heads of the 3D printing system.
  • the method S1900 further includes: during the process of printing the same article, controlling the plurality of feeding mechanisms to work simultaneously.
  • the plurality of feeding mechanisms include a first feeding mechanism and a second feeding mechanism
  • the adjustable range of the material conveying flow rate of the first feeding mechanism is [Q 1 , Q 2 ]
  • the material conveying flow rate of the second feeding mechanism The adjustable range of flow rate is [Q 3 , Q 4 ], where Q 1 , Q 2 , Q 3 , and Q 4 are all positive numbers, and Q 1 is less than Q 3 , Q 4 is greater than Q 2 , and Q 2 is greater than Q 3 .
  • the material conveyed by the first feeding mechanism is extruded through the first extrusion port of the print head of the 3D printing system
  • the material conveyed by the second feeding mechanism is extruded through the second extrusion port of the print head of the 3D printing system
  • the widths of the first extrusion port and the second extrusion port are both continuously adjustable, and the thickness of the first extrusion port is smaller than the thickness of the second extrusion port.
  • the first feeding mechanism is controlled to feed; when the demand of the print head of the 3D printing system for the extrusion flow rate of the material is greater than Q 2 , control the feeding of the second feeding mechanism; when the demand of the print head of the 3D printing system for the extrusion flow rate of the material is between Q 2 and Q 3 , control the feeding of the first feeding mechanism or the feeding of the second feeding mechanism.
  • the plurality of feeding mechanisms are a plurality of screw-type feeding devices.
  • the printhead has an extrusion port of continuously adjustable width.
  • the method S1900 may further include: controlling the width of the extrusion port, so that the width of the extrusion port varies with the change of the cross-sectional contour of the material filling area.
  • the computer program product includes one or more computer instructions.
  • the computer may be a general purpose computer, special purpose computer, computer network, or other programmable device.
  • the computer instructions may be stored in or transmitted from one computer-readable storage medium to another computer-readable storage medium, for example, the computer instructions may be downloaded from a website site, computer, server, or data center Transmission to another website site, computer, server, or data center by wire (eg, coaxial cable, optical fiber, digital subscriber line, DSL) or wireless (eg, infrared, wireless, microwave, etc.).
  • the computer-readable storage medium may be any available medium that can be accessed by a computer or a data storage device such as a server, data center, etc. that includes an integration of one or more available media.
  • the usable media may be magnetic media (eg, floppy disk, hard disk, magnetic tape), optical media (eg, digital video disc (DVD)), or semiconductor media (eg, solid state disk (SSD)), etc. .
  • the disclosed system, apparatus and method may be implemented in other manners.
  • the apparatus embodiments described above are only illustrative.
  • the division of the units is only a logical function division. In actual implementation, there may be other division methods.
  • multiple units or components may be combined or Can be integrated into another system, or some features can be ignored, or not implemented.
  • the shown or discussed mutual coupling or direct coupling or communication connection may be through some interfaces, indirect coupling or communication connection of devices or units, and may be in electrical, mechanical or other forms.
  • the units described as separate components may or may not be physically separated, and components displayed as units may or may not be physical units, that is, may be located in one place, or may be distributed to multiple network units. Some or all of the units may be selected according to actual needs to achieve the purpose of the solution in this embodiment.
  • each functional unit in each embodiment of the present application may be integrated into one processing unit, or each unit may exist physically alone, or two or more units may be integrated into one unit.

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  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
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Abstract

La présente invention concerne un appareil de transport de matériau (50) comprenant : un canal d'écoulement de matériau (51), qui est conçu pour être installé entre un appareil d'alimentation en matériau (20) et une tête d'impression (30) d'un système d'impression 3D, et est utilisé pour transporter un matériau fluide fourni par l'appareil d'alimentation en matériau à la tête d'impression, le canal d'écoulement de matériau ayant un volume variable ; et une partie de commande (52), qui est raccordée au canal d'écoulement de matériau et qui est utilisée pour régler le volume du canal d'écoulement de matériau pendant le processus de transport d'un matériau au moyen du canal d'écoulement de matériau. La présente invention concerne également un système d'impression 3D et un procédé d'alimentation en matériau appliqué à un système d'impression 3D. Du fait de la présence d'un canal d'écoulement de matériau ayant un volume variable, dans le processus de transport d'un matériau vers une tête d'impression, le système d'impression 3D peut commander de manière plus flexible le processus de transport de matériau au moyen de l'ajustement du volume du canal d'écoulement de matériau.
PCT/CN2020/103079 2020-07-20 2020-07-20 Appareil de transport de matériau, système d'impression 3d et procédé d'alimentation en matériau Ceased WO2022016332A1 (fr)

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PCT/CN2020/103079 WO2022016332A1 (fr) 2020-07-20 2020-07-20 Appareil de transport de matériau, système d'impression 3d et procédé d'alimentation en matériau
CN202080085035.3A CN114786950B (zh) 2020-07-20 2020-07-20 物料输送装置、3d打印系统及送料方法
CN202121506193.XU CN215849701U (zh) 2020-07-20 2021-07-02 容积可调的物料输送装置及3d打印系统

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WO2022016332A1 (fr) * 2020-07-20 2022-01-27 苏州美梦机器有限公司 Appareil de transport de matériau, système d'impression 3d et procédé d'alimentation en matériau
CN115091677B (zh) * 2022-06-30 2024-02-02 深圳市鸿富诚新材料股份有限公司 一种压延挡板机构、压延设备及压延方法
CN115674667A (zh) * 2022-11-14 2023-02-03 苏州美梦机器有限公司 3d打印系统及其控制方法

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