WO2022016801A1 - Système et procédé de pyrolyse de biomasse couplé aux rayonnements micro-ondes - Google Patents

Système et procédé de pyrolyse de biomasse couplé aux rayonnements micro-ondes Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022016801A1
WO2022016801A1 PCT/CN2020/138200 CN2020138200W WO2022016801A1 WO 2022016801 A1 WO2022016801 A1 WO 2022016801A1 CN 2020138200 W CN2020138200 W CN 2020138200W WO 2022016801 A1 WO2022016801 A1 WO 2022016801A1
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Prior art keywords
pyrolysis
radiation
microwave
oil
gas
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English (en)
Chinese (zh)
Inventor
张会岩
李晓迪
张书平
肖睿
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Southeast University
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Southeast University
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B47/00—Destructive distillation of solid carbonaceous materials with indirect heating, e.g. by external combustion
    • C10B47/28—Other processes
    • C10B47/32—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means
    • C10B47/44—Other processes in ovens with mechanical conveying means with conveyor-screws
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B53/00—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form
    • C10B53/02—Destructive distillation, specially adapted for particular solid raw materials or solid raw materials in special form of cellulose-containing material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/005—After-treatment of coke, e.g. calcination desulfurization
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/02—Multi-step carbonising or coking processes
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10B—DESTRUCTIVE DISTILLATION OF CARBONACEOUS MATERIALS FOR PRODUCTION OF GAS, COKE, TAR, OR SIMILAR MATERIALS
    • C10B57/00—Other carbonising or coking processes; Features of destructive distillation processes in general
    • C10B57/08—Non-mechanical pretreatment of the charge, e.g. desulfurization
    • C10B57/10—Drying
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
    • Y02E50/10—Biofuels, e.g. bio-diesel

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a pyrolysis system and method, in particular to a material radiation microwave coupled pyrolysis system and method.
  • Biomass mainly refers to lignocellulose such as straws and trees other than grains and fruits in the process of agricultural and forestry production, scraps of agricultural products processing industry, agricultural and forestry wastes, and livestock manure and waste in the process of animal husbandry production. It is the fourth largest energy source in the world. The utilization of biomass energy involves not only energy-related issues, but also environmental-related issues such as solid waste disposal.
  • Biomass pyrolysis refers to the process in which biomass is heated and heated in an anaerobic or hypoxic environment to cause internal decomposition to form biochar, bio-oil and pyrolysis gas. Pyrolysis is an important method for efficient utilization of biomass energy, but there are still many problems in the practical utilization of biomass pyrolysis, mainly including the following: traditional internal thermal pyrolysis furnace products have low output, poor quality, and low energy utilization efficiency ;External thermal pyrolysis furnace requires nitrogen or inert gas as carrier gas, the equipment is complex and the cost is high; Microwave pyrolysis has the advantages of no carrier gas, uniform heating, etc., but requires a large amount of electrical energy input to convert into microwave energy, while biomass raw materials microwave The absorption capacity is low, resulting in poor energy utilization; the biomass distribution is scattered, and the bulk density of the raw materials is low, and the transportation cost is high, making it difficult for large-scale centralized processing; the biomass raw materials generally have high moisture content, and the drying process consumes a lot of
  • the present invention aims to provide a biomass radiation microwave coupled pyrolysis system and method with no carrier gas and high energy utilization rate.
  • a biomass radiation microwave coupled pyrolysis system including a feeding system, an oil and gas separation system, and a radiation pyrolysis device and a microwave pyrolysis device arranged between the feeding system and the oil and gas separation system; the radiation
  • the inlet of the pyrolysis device is connected to the outlet of the feeding system.
  • the device is in the shape of a sleeve.
  • the outer layer circulates flue gas, and the inner layer conveys the feeding material.
  • the inner layer pyrolysis gas outlet and the radiation pyrolysis material outlet are respectively connected to the oil and gas separation system and the microwave pyrolysis system.
  • the device, the pyrolysis gas outlet and the microwave pyrolysis material outlet of the microwave pyrolysis device are respectively connected to the oil and gas separation system and the carbon condensation device.
  • the microwave pyrolysis device includes a microwave generator and a waveguide arranged at the central axis of the device. Equipped with a feeder port.
  • the biomass radiation microwave coupled pyrolysis method of the present invention comprises the following steps:
  • the material is fluidized and dried in a fluidized bed, and sent to a radiation pyrolysis device for low-temperature pyrolysis after cyclone separation;
  • the radiation pyrolysis device uses the heat of the flue gas generated by the combustion of the non-condensable gas after the oil and gas separation of the system for pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis temperature is 340 ° C ⁇ 360 ° C, and the product after the material pyrolysis is separated from oil and gas;
  • the material that has undergone radiation pyrolysis enters the microwave pyrolysis device for rapid pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis temperature is 600°C to 620°C, and the remaining solid material after pyrolysis is cooled.
  • the radiation low temperature pyrolysis of the present invention adopts high temperature flue gas to carry out radiation heat exchange on biomass, realizes pyrolysis without carrier gas, and can be directly connected with the microwave pyrolysis section, and the flue gas after heat exchange is further dried in the fluidized bed. materials to achieve gradient utilization of heat.
  • the energy consumption of low-temperature pyrolysis in the radiation pyrolysis section of the present invention accounts for more than 80% of the total energy consumption of biomass pyrolysis, and the microwave pyrolysis section only needs to input a small amount of electric energy to perform deep pyrolysis on biomass and obtain high-quality heat. After preheating and decomposing, the biomass absorption capacity is enhanced, the microwave energy consumption is reduced, the energy utilization efficiency is improved, and the high-quality oil and carbon co-production can be realized.
  • the present invention adopts the bubbling fluidization drying process in which biomass and gas are fully contacted, with high heat exchange efficiency and uniform heating;
  • the device of the present invention is small in size, can be arranged in a small space, can be used as a mobile device, and overcomes the limitation of biomass distribution and dispersion.
  • Fig. 1 is the structural representation of the system of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the microwave pyrolysis device of the present invention.
  • the system of the present invention includes a feeding system, an oil-gas separation system, a radiation pyrolysis device and a microwave pyrolysis system arranged between the feeding system and the oil-gas separation system.
  • the feeding system consists of a fluidized bed 2, a cyclone separator 3 located at the top outlet of the fluidized bed 2, a screw feeding device 1 located at the inlet of the fluidized bed, an air supply system 31 located at the bottom of the fluidized bed, and
  • the air lock 4 is arranged between the cyclone separator 3 and the radiation pyrolysis device 5 .
  • the radiation pyrolysis device 5 is a horizontally arranged casing structure, the outer layer is a high-temperature flue gas layer, and is provided with a flue gas inlet 8 and a flue gas outlet 30 .
  • the flue gas inlet 8 is connected to the burner 11, and the flue gas outlet 30 is connected to the air supply system 31 of the feeding system.
  • the inner layer is the material layer, and the inner layer is connected with the radiant pyrolysis gas outlet 6 .
  • the radiant pyrolysis gas outlet 6 is connected to the first heat exchanger of the oil-gas separation system.
  • the central axis of the radiation pyrolysis device 27 is provided with a spiral auger 7 driven by a motor, which is responsible for the conveying of materials.
  • the microwave pyrolysis device 27 is provided with a microwave pyrolysis gas outlet 19 and a microwave pyrolysis material outlet.
  • the material outlet of the microwave pyrolysis device 27 is connected to the carbon condensation device 23, and the microwave pyrolysis gas outlet 19 is connected to the second heat exchange of the oil-gas separation system. device.
  • the central axis of the radiation pyrolysis device 27 is also provided with a spiral auger driven by a motor, which is responsible for the conveying of materials. As shown in FIG.
  • a waveguide 25 is provided on the central axis of the radiation pyrolysis device 27, and a plurality of feed ports 26 are arranged on the waveguide 25.
  • the microwaves enter the radiation pyrolysis device from the feed ports through the waveguide. It can ensure the integrity of the resonant cavity in the microwave pyrolysis device, reduce the difficulty of sealing, and make the microwave radiation more uniform.
  • the charcoal condensation device 23 is in the shape of a casing, and the outer layer of the device circulates cooling water, and the outer layer is provided with a cooling water inlet and a cooling water outlet.
  • the central axis of the inner layer of the device is provided with a spiral auger driven by a motor, and the outlet of the device is connected to the carbon storage tank 22 .
  • the oil and gas separation system includes a primary oil and gas separation device 12, a first heat exchanger, a second heat exchanger, and a secondary oil and gas separation device 17.
  • the first heat exchanger and the second heat exchanger are respectively connected to the outlets of the radiation pyrolysis device and the microwave pyrolysis device.
  • the separation device 12 is connected in parallel with the secondary oil and gas separation device 17 .
  • a vacuum pump 15 is provided in front of the inlet of the secondary oil and gas separation device 17 , and the outlet of the secondary oil and gas separation device 17 is connected to a gas storage tank 14 for storing non-condensable gas.
  • Both the primary and secondary oil and gas separation devices include an oil storage tank arranged below the separation chamber, a non-condensable gas outlet and a pyrolysis gas inlet arranged above the separation chamber.
  • the gas storage tank 14 is connected to the burner 11, and the burner 11 is also provided with a blower.
  • the burner burns the stored non-condensable gas to generate high-temperature flue gas, which is passed into the outer layer of the radiation pyrolysis device 5 to provide radiation pyrolysis heat.
  • the fluidized bed 2 , the microwave pyrolysis device 5 and the radiation pyrolysis device 27 are all provided with thermal insulation layers.
  • biomass passes through screw feeding device 1 and enters fluidized bed 2 for drying. 250°C. After drying, the biomass is separated by the cyclone 3, and the discharge temperature is 110-130 °C. After passing through the air lock 4, it enters the radiation pyrolysis device 5 for low-temperature pyrolysis, and the pyrolysis temperature is 340-360 °C.
  • the biomass is transported by the motor-driven auger 7, and the vacuum pump 15 evacuates the lining of the device, so that the interior is in a vacuum state.
  • the pyrolysis gas phase product enters the primary oil and gas separation device 12 through the first heat exchanger through the pyrolysis gas outlet 6 of the radiation pyrolysis section for gas-liquid separation, and the tar enters the low temperature pyrolysis oil storage tank 10 .
  • the high-temperature flue gas that provides the heat source for radiation pyrolysis is produced by the combustion of non-condensable gas in the burner 1, and enters the outer layer of the radiation pyrolysis device 5 through the flue gas inlet 8.
  • the heat is mainly radiative heat exchange, and the temperature of the flue gas after heat exchange is 750-800 ° C. After mixing with the cold air through the flue gas outlet 30, it is sent to the drying device by the fluidized bed air supply system 31 for further use.
  • the biomass After the biomass undergoes low-temperature pyrolysis, it then enters the microwave pyrolysis device 27 for rapid pyrolysis.
  • the device is evacuated by the vacuum pump 15, and microwaves are generated by the microwave generator 20. Rapid pyrolysis is performed in the microwave pyrolysis device 27.
  • the temperature is 600-620°C, and the auger is driven by the motor 28 to push the biomass.
  • the pyrolysis solid product enters the charcoal cooling device 23 , the cooling water enters from the water inlet 21 , and is discharged from the water outlet 24 for countercurrent heat exchange, and the biomass pyrolysis product biochar is collected by the carbon storage tank 22 .
  • the pyrolysis gas product is sent to the first and second heat exchangers through the pyrolysis gas outlet 19 of the microwave pyrolysis section, separated by the first-stage oil and gas separation device 12, and the liquid phase enters the rapid pyrolysis oil storage tank 16.
  • the gas products of the latter radiation pyrolysis stage are combined, and continue to enter the secondary oil and gas separation device 17 through the vacuum pump 15 to complete the separation of non-condensable gas and light oil, and are respectively sent to the gas storage tank 14 and the light oil tank 18.
  • the non-condensable gas is sent into the burner 11 from the gas storage tank 14, and the air is sent into the air by the blower 13 to supply oxygen and adjust the air excess coefficient to control the temperature of the flue gas.
  • the fluidized bed 2 , the radiation pyrolysis device 5 and the microwave pyrolysis device are covered with an insulating layer 29 to reduce heat dissipation.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)

Abstract

La présente invention concerne un procédé et un système de pyrolyse de biomasse couplé aux rayonnements micro-ondes. Le système comprend un appareil de pyrolyse par rayonnements (5) et un système de pyrolyse par micro-ondes, qui sont disposés entre un système d'alimentation de matériau et un système de séparation huile-gaz, et est caractérisé en ce que : l'appareil de pyrolyse par rayonnements (5) se présente sous une forme d'un manchon et comprend une couche extérieure pour la circulation du gaz de combustion dans celle-ci et une couche intérieure pour le transport et l'alimentation d'un matériau, une sortie de l'appareil de pyrolyse par rayonnements (5) étant respectivement connectée au système de séparation huile-gaz et au système de pyrolyse par micro-ondes ; et le système de pyrolyse par micro-ondes comprend un appareil de pyrolyse par micro-ondes (27) et un appareil de condensation de carbone (23), une sortie de l'appareil de pyrolyse par micro-ondes (27) étant respectivement reliée à l'appareil de condensation de carbone (23) et au système de séparation huile-gaz, l'appareil de pyrolyse par micro-ondes (27) comprenant un générateur de micro-ondes (20) et un tube de guide d'ondes (25) disposé au niveau de l'axe central interne de celui-ci, et un orifice d'alimentation en ondes (26) étant prévu sur le tube de guide d'ondes (25). Dans la pyrolyse par rayonnement, le transfert de chaleur par rayonnement s'effectue sur la biomasse à l'aide d'un gaz de combustion à haute température, de telle sorte qu'une pyrolyse exempte de gaz porteur est réalisée ; une section de pyrolyse par micro-ondes peut être directement reliée, et un matériau dans un lit fluidisé (2) est ultérieurement séché à l'aide du gaz de combustion qui a été soumis au transfert de chaleur, de telle sorte qu'une utilisation de gradient de chaleur est mise en œuvre.
PCT/CN2020/138200 2020-07-23 2020-12-22 Système et procédé de pyrolyse de biomasse couplé aux rayonnements micro-ondes Ceased WO2022016801A1 (fr)

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CN202010716614.5 2020-07-23

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CN114853309A (zh) * 2022-03-09 2022-08-05 广州晟启能源设备有限公司 一种污泥处理系统及污泥处理方法
CN114853310A (zh) * 2022-03-09 2022-08-05 广州晟启能源设备有限公司 一种污泥处理系统及污泥处理方法
CN115197727A (zh) * 2022-08-12 2022-10-18 昆明理工大学 一种生物质热解炭化修复污染土壤的处理方法及处理装置
CN117102215A (zh) * 2023-09-27 2023-11-24 北京华能长江环保科技研究院有限公司 叶片用链板热解装置

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CN111978967A (zh) * 2020-07-23 2020-11-24 东南大学 一种生物质辐射微波耦合热解系统及方法
CN113457575B (zh) 2021-06-07 2022-08-12 东南大学 一种微波连续热解制碳纳米纤维及氢气的系统及方法
CN113862013A (zh) * 2021-10-15 2021-12-31 上海金匙环保科技股份有限公司 一种热解单元、热解系统和热解方法
CN117106469A (zh) * 2023-09-11 2023-11-24 同济大学 一种高热解传热效率的固废处理系统
CN117186912B (zh) * 2023-10-17 2025-04-11 东南大学 生物质梯级热解-微波气化碳氢联产一体化装置与方法

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CN114853309A (zh) * 2022-03-09 2022-08-05 广州晟启能源设备有限公司 一种污泥处理系统及污泥处理方法
CN114853310A (zh) * 2022-03-09 2022-08-05 广州晟启能源设备有限公司 一种污泥处理系统及污泥处理方法
CN115197727A (zh) * 2022-08-12 2022-10-18 昆明理工大学 一种生物质热解炭化修复污染土壤的处理方法及处理装置
CN115197727B (zh) * 2022-08-12 2024-01-16 昆明理工大学 一种生物质热解炭化修复污染土壤的处理方法及处理装置
CN117102215A (zh) * 2023-09-27 2023-11-24 北京华能长江环保科技研究院有限公司 叶片用链板热解装置

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