WO2022053383A2 - Textile de végétalisation - Google Patents

Textile de végétalisation Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022053383A2
WO2022053383A2 PCT/EP2021/074221 EP2021074221W WO2022053383A2 WO 2022053383 A2 WO2022053383 A2 WO 2022053383A2 EP 2021074221 W EP2021074221 W EP 2021074221W WO 2022053383 A2 WO2022053383 A2 WO 2022053383A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
layer
greening
textile
substrate
layers
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2021/074221
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2022053383A3 (fr
Inventor
Mika Jasmin Plum
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Huesker Synthetic GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Huesker Synthetic GmbH and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Huesker Synthetic GmbH and Co filed Critical Huesker Synthetic GmbH and Co
Publication of WO2022053383A2 publication Critical patent/WO2022053383A2/fr
Publication of WO2022053383A3 publication Critical patent/WO2022053383A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G9/00—Cultivation in receptacles, forcing-frames or greenhouses; Edging for beds, lawn or the like
    • A01G9/02—Receptacles, e.g. flower-pots or boxes; Glasses for cultivating flowers
    • A01G9/022—Pots for vertical horticulture
    • A01G9/025—Containers and elements for greening walls
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01C—PLANTING; SOWING; FERTILISING
    • A01C1/00—Apparatus, or methods of use thereof, for testing or treating seed, roots, or the like, prior to sowing or planting
    • A01C1/04—Arranging seed on carriers, e.g. on tapes, on cords ; Carrier compositions
    • A01C1/044—Sheets, multiple sheets or mats
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
    • A01G—HORTICULTURE; CULTIVATION OF VEGETABLES, FLOWERS, RICE, FRUIT, VINES, HOPS OR SEAWEED; FORESTRY; WATERING
    • A01G20/00—Cultivation of turf, lawn or the like; Apparatus or methods therefor
    • A01G20/20—Cultivation on mats
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P60/00—Technologies relating to agriculture, livestock or agroalimentary industries
    • Y02P60/20—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions in agriculture, e.g. CO2

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a greening textile for the greening of building or site sections according to the preamble of patent claim 1, the use of such a greening textile and a method for producing a greening textile according to the preamble of patent claim 14.
  • Generic greening textiles are used to ecologically upgrade sections of buildings or grounds.
  • the ecological upgrading can take place, for example, through the cultivation of useful plants or through the provision of a new biotope.
  • the new biotope can serve as a habitat for small animals and insects, for example.
  • Greening textiles are also enjoying increasing popularity in light of the increasing shortage of space in urban living spaces.
  • Generic greening textiles are also used in so-called urban agriculture, in which, for example, unused roof and facade areas are used to grow plant-based foods.
  • Such greening textiles are known, for example, from the publications EP 2 809 140 B1 and FR 2 747265 A1.
  • Generic greening textiles can also be used as erosion control or greening mats. Such mats are known, for example, from the publications EP 0 730 821 A1, WO 99/49722 A1 and WO 2005/116345 A1.
  • the greening textiles used hitherto usually have a flat substrate layer which largely consists of a fiber material.
  • the fiber material can include straw, hay, coconut and/or seagrass fibers, for example.
  • the substrate layer formed from fiber material cannot or cannot permanently serve as a breeding ground for the plants developing on the greening textile, so that the known greening textiles do not provide an adequate basis for permanent plant growth.
  • a substrate material for example soil
  • a layer of earth underneath the greening mats is usually used.
  • a bottom-side supply of soil is often used as a nutrient-supplying substrate material for the plants of the greening textile.
  • the object on which the invention is based is therefore to enable the greening of building or site sections without the use of a locally available growth substrate in the vicinity of where the greening textile is to be used.
  • a greening textile of the type mentioned at the outset wherein the substrate material of the greening textile according to the invention comprises granular and free-flowing material and at least one material layer on the front side and at least one layer of material on the back allow the plant seeds and the substrate material to trickle out of the greening textile, in particular from the substrate layer, independently from the orientation of the greening textile.
  • the front layer of material and the back layer of material prevent manual removal of the plant seeds and substrate material from the green cover without damaging and/or destroying the green cover.
  • the front layer of material and the The back layer of material encloses the substrate layer in such a way that manual removal of the plant seeds and substrate material from the green cover fabric requires damage and/or destruction of the green cover fabric.
  • the invention thus allows buildings and grounds to be greened without the need for a locally available growth substrate at the site of use of the greening textile.
  • the plant seeds in the flat substrate layer are directly in a germinable environment. Subsequent seed placement is not necessary.
  • the front and rear layers of material preferably ensure that the flat substrate layer is retained during transport, installation and use of the greening textile, despite the granular and free-flowing substrate material, so that direct access to the ground at the site of use of the greening textile is not necessary.
  • the substrate layer is fixed within the greening textile by the material layer on the front and back.
  • the front and back layers of material also prevent gravitational sagging of the plant seeds and substrate material regardless of the orientation of the green roofing fabric.
  • the front and back layers of material prevent gravitational flow of the plant seeds and substrate material within the vegetation fabric and/or within the substrate layer regardless of the orientation of the vegetation fabric.
  • the greening textile is preferably flexible or deformable, so that the greening textile can be rolled up, for example for the purpose of storage and/or transport.
  • the prevention of the trickling out, sagging and/or material flow of the plant seeds and the substrate material according to the invention does not have to be a total prevention due to production-related tolerances, but that the trickling out, sagging and/or the material flow of the plant seeds and the substrate material in the essentially prevented.
  • the trickling out, the sagging and/or the material flow of the plant seeds and the substrate material can either be completely prevented or be within a tolerance range, with the Tolerance range, for example, trickling out, sagging and/or a material flow of up to 10%, preferably up to 5%, of the mass of the plant seeds and the substrate material.
  • the front and rear layers of material therefore preferably have a retention capacity of at least 90%, preferably at least 95%, in relation to the mass of the plant seeds and the substrate material, so that at least 90%, preferably 95%, of the mass of the plant seeds and the substrate material the front and the back layer of material are held in the greening textile, preferably in the substrate layer, independently of the orientation of the greening textile.
  • the plant seeds of the flat substrate layer can include, for example, lawn seeds, vegetable seeds and/or flower seeds. Furthermore, seed mixtures can be used, in which case meadow vegetation mixtures can be advantageous.
  • the flat substrate layer In order for the granular and free-flowing substrate material and the plant seeds to be held between the front and rear layers of material, the flat substrate layer must be clamped tightly between the layers of material and must not have any cavities.
  • stabilizing material can be inserted into the substrate layer, for example a non-woven fabric.
  • the greening textile has at least two material layers, with at least one of the material layers being a textile material layer.
  • the greening textile can also have several substrate layers. Greening textiles that allow plants to grow on both sides or on both sides can, for example, have two separate substrate layers that are spaced apart from one another. The layers of the greening textile preferably run parallel to one another.
  • the basis weight of the substrate layer is preferably between 10 g/m 2 and 10 kg/m 2 , in particular between 100 g/m 2 and 5 kg/m 2 .
  • a basis weight of the substrate layer between 200 g/m 2 and 3 kg/m 2 is particularly preferred.
  • the thickness of the substrate layer is preferably between 1 mm and 10 mm cm, in particular between 2 mm and 5 cm.
  • a substrate layer thickness of between 0.5 cm and 3 cm is particularly preferred.
  • the volume fraction of the granular and free-flowing material in the substrate layer is at least 50%, preferably at least 75%, in particular at least 90%.
  • the substrate material consists largely of soil material containing soil.
  • the indication "mostly” refers to the volume proportion and relates to a proportion of more than 50%.
  • the substrate material preferably consists of at least 75% by volume, in particular at least 90% by volume, of soil material containing soil.
  • the substrate material supports the growth of the plants and gives the grown plants support and stabilizes them.
  • the substrate material can store both water and nutrients.
  • the substrate material includes a small proportion of fiber material or the substrate material does not include any fiber material.
  • the volume fraction of fiber material can be below 40%, preferably below 20%, in particular below 10%.
  • the substrate material may include organic material.
  • the organic material can be dead organic material or potting soil. Fertilizers and/or natural fibers and/or microorganisms such as bacteria and/or fungus can be added to the substrate material.
  • the fertilizer provides the plants with sufficient nutrients, especially in the initial phases. If no liquid fertilizer is supplied to the greening textile as part of the irrigation, the use of a substrate material containing fertilizer is particularly preferred. Any natural fibers present can serve as long-term fertilizers. The natural fibers decompose over time and release nutrients. Fungus, such as mycorrhiza, and bacteria also serve to ensure that biomass is decomposed more quickly and thus better nutrient uptake by the plants is achieved.
  • the substrate material can consist of between 20% and 80% by volume organic material, between 20% and 80% by volume inorganic material, between 0% and 50% by volume fertilizer and/or between 0% and 50% made of natural fibers.
  • the substrate material preferably has a pH between 3 and 12, preferably between 5 and 9, particularly preferably between 6 and 8.
  • the substrate material comprises inorganic material, with the inorganic material preferably having clay minerals, silt and/or sand.
  • Clay minerals serve to bind water and nutrients and have an advantageous cation exchange capacity. Due to its grain size, sand ensures drainage and thus root aeration. Due to the grain size of the sand, the roots of the plants also have enough space for root growth. In order to avoid excessive drainage of water, it is necessary to choose a suitable proportion of sand. Furthermore, a suitable proportion of clay minerals must be selected in order to avoid the formation of dead water, which cannot be absorbed by the plants. Furthermore, excessive water binding within the substrate material must be prevented, since otherwise there is a risk of waterlogging occurring.
  • the substrate material can also comprise loam, where the loam can have sand, silt and/or clay minerals.
  • Such clay material provides good growing conditions for plants.
  • the proportion by volume of clay minerals in the inorganic material can be at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, in particular at least 30%.
  • the volume fraction of silt in the inorganic material can be at least 10%, preferably at least 30%, in particular at least 50%.
  • the proportion by volume of sand in the inorganic material can be at least 10%, preferably at least 20%, in particular at least 30%.
  • connection area in which the at least one front-side material layer and the at least one rear-side material layer are connected to one another, preferably extends over the entire surface of the substrate layer.
  • the connection points can be evenly or unevenly distributed over the connection area.
  • the one or more connecting elements used to connect the at least one front material layer and the at least one rear material layer thus extend through the substrate layer and thus also through the substrate material and/or the plant seeds.
  • the connecting elements are preferably textile connecting elements, for example threads, fibers, filaments or wires.
  • the surface connection means that the substrate layer is clamped tightly between the material layers, so that the material layers stabilize the substrate layer.
  • the greening textile according to the invention is further advantageously developed in that at least one material layer on the front side and at least one layer of material on the back side are needled or sewn together over a large area in a connection area extending over the substrate layer in such a way that the material layers needled and/or sewn together cover the entire surface of the substrate layer in the connection area stabilize.
  • the distance between the connection points at which the at least one front material layer and the at least one rear material layer are connected to one another is specified by the needle density during needling and by the thread density during sewing.
  • connection points are preferably at a distance of between 3 mm and 100 mm, in particular a distance of between 12 mm and 50 mm, from one another, based on the area, so that the needles during of needling also have this distance from one another.
  • the puncture depth can be in a range between 0.1 mm and 100 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 50 mm, particularly preferably between 4 mm and 25 mm.
  • connection points are preferably at a distance of between 3 mm and 100 cm, in particular a distance between 1 cm and 50 cm or a distance between 1.5 cm and 15 cm, from each other, so that the stitches also have this distance to each other during the sewing process.
  • the stitch length can be between 1 mm and 30 mm, preferably between 2 mm and 20 mm, particularly preferably between 3 mm and 10 mm.
  • At least one material layer on the front is designed as a single-layer or multi-layer protective textile layer, which protects the plant seeds and the substrate material from external influences.
  • External influences from which the plant seeds and the substrate material must be protected can be, for example, direct sunlight, severe dehydration or predators.
  • the textile protective layer can therefore serve as a substrate retaining layer, a sun protection layer, a layer to protect against drying out and/or a layer to protect against predators.
  • the protective layer comprises one or more fabric layers, one or more knitted fabric layers, one or more nonwoven fabric layers, one or more knitted fabric layers and/or one or more braided layers.
  • the protective layer has a composite layer made of a woven fabric, a knitted fabric, a nonwoven fabric, a knitted fabric and/or a braid.
  • the protective layer can either be a homogeneous layer or made of consist of several different textile layers.
  • the protective layer may be needled, glued, welded and/or sewn to one or more other front and/or back layers.
  • the stitching can have been produced in a Malimo stitching process, for example, so that the stitching of the protective layer to the one or more front and/or rear layers is a Malimo stitch.
  • the protective layer comprises one or more layers of non-woven fabric, these can consist of natural fibers and/or synthetic fibers.
  • one nonwoven layer may be formed from natural fibers and another nonwoven layer may be formed from synthetic fibers.
  • the protective layer can be a three-layer composite material, for example with a first layer of nonwoven fabric made of natural fibers, a second layer of nonwoven fabric made of synthetic fibers and a third layer of nonwoven fabric made of natural fibers.
  • the fibers of the protective layer can be, for example, synthetic fibers, bio-based fibers, natural fibers or biodegradable fibers.
  • the basis weight of the protective layer is preferably between 20 g/m 2 and 3.5 kg/m 2 , in particular between 100 g/m 2 and 2 kg/m 2 .
  • the basis weight of the protective layer is between 200 g/m 2 and 1 kg/m 2 .
  • the thickness of the protective layer is, for example, between 0.1 mm and 5 cm, preferably between 1 mm and 3 cm.
  • the protective layer thickness is between 1.5 mm and 1.1 cm.
  • the greening textile according to the invention is further advantageously developed in that at least one material layer on the back is designed as a single-layer or multi-layer textile storage layer, which is designed to store liquid and release the stored liquid to the substrate layer.
  • the textile storage layer stores water, in particular, so that the plants in the greening textile always have sufficient water available, even if the drought persists.
  • the textile storage unit enables liquid to be transferred across the textile so that the liquid can reach the substrate material, the plant seeds and the roots of the plants.
  • the textile storage layer can comprise a non-woven fabric or be formed from another liquid-storing textile.
  • the textile storage layer can also be a felt material.
  • the textile storage layer can be made of Natural fibers, bio-based fibers, biodegradable fibers or synthetic fibers may be formed.
  • the basis weight of the dry textile storage layer is between 5 g/m 2 and 2 kg/m 2 , preferably between 20 g/m 2 and 1 kg/m 2 .
  • the dry textile storage layer has a basis weight of between 50 g/m 2 and 600 g/m 2 .
  • the thickness of the textile storage layer is between 0.1 mm and 3 cm, preferably between 0.5 mm and 2 cm.
  • the storage layer thickness is between 1.5 mm and 9 mm.
  • the protective layer is preferably connected to the textile storage layer in a planar connection area.
  • a greening textile according to the invention is also advantageous in which at least one material layer on the back is designed as a single-layer or multi-layer textile irrigation layer into which liquid can be introduced and which is designed to distribute the introduced liquid and release it to the substrate layer or the storage layer.
  • the greening textile can be installed in such a way that raindrops falling from the sky are caught directly by the irrigation layer and/or fed to the irrigation layer.
  • the irrigation layer can also be connected to a supply system via which liquid, in particular water, can be introduced into the irrigation layer.
  • the introduced liquid can be mixed with a liquid fertilizer, so that a sufficient supply of nutrients to the plants of the greening textile is ensured.
  • the irrigation layer comprises a spacer fabric, a spacer fabric and/or a drainage mat.
  • the spacer fabric can consist of a plastic or polymer.
  • the irrigation layer can have a thickness between 0.1 cm and 10 cm, preferably between 0.5 cm and 5 cm.
  • the basis weight of the irrigation layer is preferably between 50 g/m 2 and 3 kg/m 2 , preferably between 100 g/m 2 and 2 kg/m 2 .
  • the protective layer of the greening textile is preferably connected to the textile storage layer. The storage layer is right next to that Spacer fabric, the spacer fabric or the drainage mat of the irrigation layer.
  • the irrigation layer comprises a spacer fabric
  • this preferably has a back surface on which a closing membrane is applied.
  • the closing membrane can be laminated or glued onto the spacer fabric.
  • the closure membrane can be applied to the spacer fabric in a coating process, for example by applying a liquid or powder.
  • the spacer fabric can be a terry cloth fabric.
  • the spacer fabric has pile threads.
  • the pile threads can be internal and/or external pile threads.
  • the pile threads can be arranged between two textile layers of the irrigation layer.
  • the pile threads have a certain stiffness and allow liquid to flow through.
  • the pile threads are protected by a flat fabric from being filled with the granular substrate material from the substrate layer. On the flat side facing the substrate, water can reach the substrate across the textile.
  • the flat side facing the substrate can be designed to be liquid-permeable. Furthermore, the flat side facing the substrate layer can be designed in such a way that root penetration is prevented. In this way, a drainage function is implemented, which avoids damage to the plants due to waterlogging.
  • the liquid can, for example, be introduced into the irrigation layer from above, from below or from the side.
  • One or more irrigation lines for example hoses, can run on or in the spacer fabric, with the irrigation lines preferably not being functional components of the irrigation layer and thus not being taken into account when determining the weight per unit area of the irrigation layer. With the spacer fabric, there is the possibility of introducing an irrigation line, for example a hose, made of a plastic material.
  • the irrigation line can be connected to an irrigation system and used to direct water into deeper areas of the green cover.
  • a water line is particularly advantageous for long and large-area greening textiles that are used in comparatively warm regions.
  • About the Irrigation layer can also drip water into the greening textile.
  • the water supply can be implemented via lines, in particular hoses, or troughs which are connected to the upper end or to supply points of the irrigation layer.
  • fertilizer such as liquid fertilizer
  • the one or more irrigation lines can be completely or segmentally perforated. Perforation in segments allows specific areas of the greening textile to be watered.
  • the one or more irrigation lines can be subsequently inserted into the irrigation layer during installation of the green roofing textile on site, so that the storage and transport of the green roofing textile before installation is simplified.
  • the number and/or size of the holes in the one or more irrigation lines can vary.
  • the one or more irrigation lines can have an outer diameter of between 1 mm and 10 cm, preferably between 2 mm and 6 cm.
  • the outer diameter of the one or more irrigation lines can be between 1 cm and 3 cm, for example.
  • the one or more irrigation lines can have between 10 and 1,000,000 holes per running meter.
  • the hole diameter can be between 0.001 mm and 5 mm, for example.
  • the irrigation layer has a knitted spacer fabric
  • this preferably also consists of a plastic material or a polymer and has a flat rear side on which a closing membrane is applied.
  • the closing membrane can be laminated or glued on.
  • the sealing membrane can be applied to the spacer fabric in a coating process, for example by applying a liquid or powder.
  • the spacer fabric preferably has pile threads.
  • the pile threads can be internal and/or external pile threads.
  • the pile threads can be arranged between two textile layers of the irrigation layer.
  • the pile threads have a certain stiffness and allow water to flow through.
  • the pile threads are protected by the knit from being filled with substrate material from the substrate layer.
  • the planar side facing the substrate layer can be water-permeable.
  • the flat side facing the substrate layer can be designed in such a way that roots are prevented from passing through. In this way, a drainage function is implemented.
  • the irrigation layer has a drainage mat
  • this can be made of a plastic material or polymer.
  • the drainage mat preferably allows liquid to flow through.
  • a closing membrane can be glued or laminated onto the drainage mat.
  • the closure membrane can be applied to the drainage mat in a coating process, for example by applying a liquid or powder.
  • On the other side of the drainage mat it borders either on the textile irrigation layer or on a separating layer.
  • the separating layer preferably consists of a textile which cannot be passed through by the substrate material.
  • the separating layer is a fabric.
  • the fabric can be water permeable while preventing the passage of roots.
  • one or more irrigation lines for example hoses, can be arranged on or in another layer of the greening textile, with the irrigation lines preferably not being functional components of this layer and thus not being taken into account when determining the basis weight of this layer.
  • one or more irrigation lines run through the substrate layer.
  • the greening textile according to the invention is further advantageously developed in that at least one material layer on the back is designed as a closing membrane, which is designed to prevent or at least reduce a rear escape of liquid and/or a rear escape of nutrients.
  • the closing membrane is designed to prevent or at least reduce a rear escape of liquid and/or a rear escape of nutrients.
  • the closure membrane can be water-impermeable or water-permeable.
  • a completely tight sealing membrane can be selected, for example, if the greening textile is to be installed in the area of rear-ventilated facades or on steep slopes in dry areas.
  • a semi-permeable closing membrane for example a water-vapour-permeable closing membrane, enables the greening textile to breathe on the back.
  • the sealing membrane can be open to diffusion. Water vapor can thus migrate through the membrane from the building side towards the plant side of the greening textile and vice versa. Liquid cannot get through because the water molecules are too large to pass through the membrane. With a vapor pressure gradient, high humidity can be equalized either between the wall and the green textile and in front of the green textile, so that there is an equilibrium between the air between the wall and the green textile and the air in front of the green textile. This makes it possible for a vapor balance to develop between the air in the house and the air between the outer wall and the greening textile, so that the building fabric is protected.
  • the closing membrane can be semipermeable. Water vapor or liquid can migrate through the membrane from the building side towards the plant side of the green roofing textile. Conversely, water vapor or liquid cannot migrate from plant side to building side. This allows excess water vapor and liquid to be removed.
  • the closing membrane preferably consists of a plastic material or polymer.
  • the closure membrane is either glued or laminated to the layer adjacent to the closure membrane, or the closure membrane is applied to the layer adjacent to the closure membrane in a coating process, for example by applying a liquid or powder.
  • the liquid can, for example, rolled up by a soaked application roller or a or several spray nozzles are sprayed on.
  • the powder can be sprayed on through one or more spray nozzles.
  • the thickness of the closing membrane is between 0.001 mm and 5 mm, preferably between 0.1 mm and 2 mm.
  • the basis weight of the closing membrane is preferably between 0.1 g/m 2 and 1 kg/m 2 , preferably between 50 g/m 2 and 600 g/m 2
  • One or more layers of the green roof fabric may also include heating filaments.
  • One or more heating threads can run, for example, on or in the irrigation layer and/or the storage layer.
  • the greening textile can also include a heating layer, which includes one or more heating filaments.
  • the temperature of the greening textile or the temperature of individual layers of the greening textile can be controlled by means of the heating filaments, whereby for example the germination or growth process of the plants can be supported.
  • the filaments can be electrically operated filaments, which heat up when energized.
  • Hook-and-loop tapes can also be applied to the protective layer of the greening textile, for example if the protective layer consists of non-woven fabric.
  • Pieces of non-woven fabric can be applied to the Velcro hook tapes. Together with the pieces of non-woven fabric, the Velcro hook tapes form non-woven fabric pockets.
  • the fleece bags can be individually filled and planted.
  • hook and loop tapes can be sewn or welded onto planters so that they can be attached to the protective layer.
  • the Velcro hook tapes have a width of between 0.5 cm and 30 cm, in particular between 1 cm and 10 cm.
  • the nonwoven bags can have a width of between 5 cm and 100 cm and/or a height of between 5 cm and 100 cm, for example.
  • the object on which the invention is based is also achieved by using a greening textile according to one of the embodiments described above as a hanging greening curtain for greening a building facade.
  • the greening textile is used in a vertical orientation.
  • the greening textile can be attached to the building facade or the building roof, for example will.
  • the greening textile can be fixed or fastened to the building facade both at the outer edges and in the interior area.
  • the greening textile can be hung up at certain points on eyelets, hooks, loops or similar fastening elements.
  • the eyelets are, for example, at a distance of between 5 cm and 5 m, preferably at a distance of between 50 cm and 2.5 m.
  • the eyelets or hooks are fixed to the facade.
  • the eyelet openings can be reinforced.
  • the greening textile can be fixed flat by means of hemstitches. Ropes, belts, rods, tubes, slats or other supporting elements can be inserted into the hollow seams. These support elements can then be attached to the building, for example to the building facade or the building roof.
  • the greening textile can be fixed flat by attaching piping to the greening textile and installing a piping guide on the building.
  • the piping cores can have a thickness between 0.1 cm and 10 cm, preferably between 0.5 cm and 3 cm.
  • the welt cores can be welded on and/or welded in, glued on or sewn on.
  • Fastening elements can be fastened to individual layers of the greening textile or to the entire greening textile.
  • the fastening elements are preferably attached to the closing membrane and/or the irrigation layer and/or the protective layer.
  • the edges of the greening textile can be sewn or welded.
  • several lengths of greening textile can be hung one above the other or one below the other.
  • the webs can be connected to one another with the fastening elements mentioned.
  • the solutions already mentioned can be used to hang several greening textiles next to each other.
  • a multiple keder rail for example a double keder rail, can also be used to attach the greening textile webs, such as hooks, eyelets and/or straps.
  • the total weight of the dry greening textile is preferably between 40 g/m 2 and 20 kg/m 2 , preferably between 250 g/m 2 and 10 kg/m 2 .
  • the individual layers of the greening textile can have different basis weights.
  • the greening textile is preferably used as a delivered in rolls.
  • the greening textile is therefore designed to be flexible.
  • Fastening elements can be anchored in a building wall or in a building roof, wherein the fastening elements can be hooks or piping rails, for example.
  • the greening textile is lifted by a crane, for example, and hooked into the fastening elements, for example into the hooks or piping rails. It is then rolled out downwards or upwards and attached to other fasteners.
  • greening textile rolled out next to or next to each other can then be fastened to one another.
  • the greening textile can already be guided in the rails when it is raised or lowered.
  • the greening textile can be unrolled on the ground or in the air during installation.
  • the greening textile can be connected to a water supply, for example to a water rail or to water hoses.
  • a collection container for draining water can be located at the lower end of the greening textile.
  • hooks are first attached to the wall or facade of a building. After the hooks have been installed, a crane then lifts the greening textile and hangs the greening textile in the hooks. After hooking in, the greening textile is unrolled, whereby the greening textile can be unrolled from bottom to top or from top to bottom on the facade. A further fixation then takes place at the unrolled end of the greening textile, for example by means of further hooks. Further fastening hooks can be present between the upper and the lower end of the greening textile. After the greening textile has been unrolled and secured, an irrigation and/or nutrient supply system is then connected. The greening textile is then watered.
  • the object on which the invention is based is also achieved by using a greening textile according to one of the embodiments described above as a lying greening mat for greening an embankment.
  • a natural or an artificial embankment can be greened by means of the greening textile.
  • the greening textile can also be used to green plastic reinforced soil (CBE).
  • CBE green plastic reinforced soil
  • the object on which the invention is based is also achieved by a method for producing a greening textile of the type mentioned at the outset, in which, within the scope of the method according to the invention, a planar connection of the front material layer and the rear material layer is carried out at a large number of connection points in a connection region extending over the substrate layer in such a way takes place that the material layers connected to one another in the connection area press flatly onto the substrate layer.
  • a greening textile according to one of the embodiments described above is produced by means of the method.
  • the plant seeds and substrate material are applied to the material layer by a technical sprinkler system, with the material layer being preferably conveyed through the sprinkler system during the application of the plant seeds and the substrate material and moving under a trickle outlet of the sprinkler system, via which the Plant seeds and the substrate material are trickled onto the layer of material, moved through.
  • the material layer is preferably conveyed through the trickling system by means of a conveyor belt.
  • the surface connection of the front material layer and the rear material layer takes place by needling or sewing using a technical needling or sewing plant, the trickle plant and the needling or sewing plant preferably forming a plant unit.
  • FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention having a substrate layer in a schematic representation
  • FIG. 3 shows another exemplary embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention, having a substrate layer, in a schematic representation
  • FIG. 4 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention, having a substrate layer, in a schematic representation
  • FIG. 5 shows an embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention having two substrate layers in a schematic representation
  • FIG. 6 shows a further exemplary embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention, having two substrate layers, in a schematic representation
  • FIG. 7 shows an embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention having a substrate layer in a schematic representation; 8 four different embodiments of a protective layer of a greening textile according to the invention in a schematic representation;
  • FIG. 9 shows a schematic sectional illustration of a greening textile according to the invention.
  • FIG. 11 shows a fastening variant of a greening textile according to the invention in a schematic representation
  • FIG. 13 shows a guide rail of a greening textile according to the invention in a schematic representation
  • FIG. 16 shows an exemplary embodiment of the greening textile according to the invention, having a plurality of pockets, in a schematic representation
  • FIG. 17 shows a pocket of a greening textile according to the invention in a detailed representation.
  • FIG. 1 shows a three-layer greening textile 10.
  • the greening textile 10 is used as a hanging greening curtain for greening the housing section 200.
  • the building section 200 is a building facade.
  • the greening textile 10 is aligned vertically and arranged at a distance from the building section 200 .
  • the greening textile 10 has a flat substrate layer 14 which includes plant seeds and substrate material.
  • the substrate material allows the plant seeds to germinate and serves as a breeding ground for the plants that develop from the plant seeds.
  • the substrate material of the flat substrate layer 14 comprises granular and free-flowing material.
  • the substrate material consists largely of an earthy soil material and allows the growth of the plants arising from the plant seeds and allows the rooting of the plant roots.
  • the substrate material can store water and nutrients.
  • the plant seeds are thus directly in a germinable environment. Subsequent introduction of seeds is not necessary.
  • the plant seeds can include, for example, lawn seeds or flower seeds.
  • the front material layer 16 is a protective textile layer which protects the plant seeds and the substrate material of the substrate layer 14 from external influences. Consequently, the plant seeds and the substrate material of the substrate layer 14 are held back by the textile protective layer 16 and at the same time protected by the textile protective layer 16 from direct sunlight, severe dehydration and from predators.
  • the substrate layer 14 is in planar contact with a material layer 12 on the rear side.
  • the backing material layer 12 is a textile irrigation layer. Liquid, for example water, can be introduced into the textile irrigation layer 12 .
  • the irrigation layer 12 is designed to distribute the introduced liquid and deliver it to the substrate layer 14 .
  • the irrigation layer 12 can be connected to a supply system, for example, which the irrigation layer 12 with water supplied.
  • the water fed into the irrigation layer 12 can be mixed with liquid fertilizer, for example, so that an adequate supply of water and nutrients to the flat substrate layer 14 is ensured.
  • the front material layer 16 and the rear material layer 12 prevent the plant seeds and the substrate material from trickling out of the substrate layer 14, regardless of the orientation of the greening textile 10.
  • the greening textile 10 can therefore also be used in places where there is no local growth substrate, for example topsoil Available.
  • the substrate layer 14 is clamped tightly between the material layers 12 and 16, so that the substrate layer 14 is stabilized.
  • the front material layer 16 and the rear material layer 12 are connected to one another over a large area in a connecting region extending over the substrate layer 14 in such a way that the material layers 12, 16 connected to one another press flatly onto the substrate layer 14 in the connecting region.
  • the front-side material layer 16 and the rear-side material layer 12 are needled together over a large area in the connection area such that the material layers needled together stabilize the substrate layer 14 over a large area in the connection area.
  • the material layers 12, 16 can also be sewn together over their entire surface.
  • FIG. 2 shows a greening textile 10 which, in addition to the material layers 12, 14, 16 shown in FIG. 1, comprises a further material layer 18 on the back.
  • the rear material layer 18 is designed as a closing membrane and is in planar contact with the irrigation layer 12 .
  • the closure membrane 18 prevents or reduces the escape of liquid and nutrients from the rear of the greening textile 10 .
  • the closure membrane 18 can be glued or laminated onto the irrigation layer 12 .
  • the closing membrane 18 can represent a coating of the irrigation layer 12 .
  • the closing membrane 18 is made of a plastic and is completely watertight and vapor-tight. Such a Closing membrane 18 is particularly suitable for ventilated facades.
  • the closing membrane 18 can also be permeable to water vapor, so that the greening textile 10 allows water vapor to escape from the rear.
  • FIG. 3 shows a greening textile 10 which has a textile storage layer 20 in addition to the material layers 12, 14, 16 shown in FIG.
  • the textile storage layer 20 is arranged between the irrigation layer 12 and the substrate layer 14 .
  • the textile storage layer stores liquid and releases the stored liquid to the substrate layer 14 .
  • the storage layer 20 is supplied with liquid by the irrigation layer 12 .
  • the textile storage layer 20 thus allows liquid to be passed on from the irrigation layer 12 to the substrate layer 14 transversely to the greening textile 10.
  • the liquid introduced into the irrigation layer 12 thus reaches the substrate material and the plant seeds of the substrate layer 14 via the textile storage layer 20.
  • the textile storage layer 20 can be a nonwoven fabric include or be formed from another liquid-storing textile.
  • the textile storage layer includes natural fibers, bio-based fibers, biodegradable fibers or synthetic fibers.
  • the textile storage layer 20 is needled to the protective layer 16 in a planar connection area in such a way that the storage layer 20 and the protective layer 16 press flatly onto the substrate layer 14 in the connection area.
  • FIG. 4 shows a greening textile 10 which, in addition to the material layers 12, 14, 16, 20 shown in FIG. 3, comprises a closing membrane 18.
  • the closing membrane 18 is again used to prevent or reduce the escape of liquid and nutrients from the rear of the greening textile 10.
  • greening textiles 10 which allow plants to grow on both sides.
  • the greening textiles 10 each have two substrate layers 14a, 14b.
  • Textile protective layers 16a, 16b which protect the plant seeds and the substrate material in the substrate layers 14a, 14b from direct sunlight and drying out.
  • the greening textiles 10 shown in FIGS. 5 and 6 each have a central irrigation layer 12 into which liquid, for example water, can be introduced.
  • liquid for example water
  • the liquid introduced into the irrigation layer 12 is first passed on to the storage layers 20a, 20b arranged on both sides of the irrigation layer 12.
  • the irrigation layer 12 and the storage layers 20a, 20b are consequently arranged backwards with respect to the substrate layers 14a, 14b.
  • the storage layers 20a, 20b store the liquid imbibed by the irrigation layer 12 and deliver the stored liquid to the substrate layers 14a, 14b.
  • the storage layers 20a, 20b are omitted.
  • the liquid introduced into the irrigation layer 12 is thus delivered directly from the irrigation layer to the substrate layers 14a, 14b.
  • the substrate layer 14 is arranged between two protective layers 16a, 16b, which are in planar contact with the substrate layer 14.
  • the greening textile 10 has no irrigation layer and no storage layer.
  • layer 16a may be the face or back layer of material.
  • layer 16b can also be the front or back material layer.
  • one or more irrigation lines for example perforated hoses, can run through the substrate layer 14 so that adequate irrigation of the substrate layer 14 is ensured.
  • FIG. 8 shows four possible embodiments of the textile protective layer 16, which is intended to protect the plant seeds and the substrate material of the substrate layer from external influences.
  • the protective layer can have one or more nonwoven layers 22, 22a, 22b, 24, 24a, 24b.
  • the Protective layer 16 may be needled, bonded, welded or sewn to one or more other front or back layers of greening textile 10 .
  • the protective layer 16 can, for example, be in two layers, with one nonwoven layer 22 consisting of natural fibers and another nonwoven layer 24 consisting of synthetic fibers. Either the non-woven fabric layer 22 made of natural fibers or the non-woven fabric layer 24 made of synthetic fibers can be on the outside.
  • the protective layer 16 can be formed in three layers.
  • a non-woven fabric layer 24 made of synthetic fibers can be arranged between two non-woven fabric layers 22a, 22b made of natural fibers.
  • a non-woven fabric layer 22 made of natural fibers can be arranged between two non-woven fabric layers 24a, 24b made of synthetic fibers.
  • the protective layer 16 can have a thickness between 0.1 mm and 5 cm. Protective layers 16 with a thickness between 2 mm and 1.5 cm are particularly preferred.
  • a protective layer 16 is arranged on the front side of a substrate layer 14 comprising plant seeds and the substrate material.
  • an irrigation layer 12 is initially arranged on the back of the substrate layer 14.
  • a closing membrane 18 is located on the back of the irrigation layer 12.
  • the irrigation layer 12 has a spacer fabric 26 .
  • the spacer fabric is formed from a polymeric fiber material.
  • the spacer fabric 26 has pile threads on the inside, which are arranged between two textile layers of the watering layer 12 and ensure the desired layer rigidity.
  • the planar side of the irrigation layer 12 that faces the substrate layer 14 is liquid-permeable and thus allows liquid to pass through from the irrigation layer 12 to the substrate layer 14. Furthermore, the planar side of the irrigation layer that faces the substrate layer 14 can be designed in such a way that the passage of plant roots is prevented.
  • irrigation lines 28a, 28b which are designed as hoses.
  • the irrigation lines 28a, 28b can be connected to an irrigation system and are used to transport water into deeper areas of the greening textile 10.
  • the irrigation lines 28a, 28b can be perforated in segments or continuously, so that liquid can escape into the spacer fabric 26.
  • the irrigation layer 12 can also comprise a spacer fabric and/or a drainage mat.
  • FIG. 10 shows a production plant 100 which can be used to produce a greening textile 10 .
  • an irrigation layer 12 onto which a closing membrane 18 has been laminated on one side, is moved in the conveying direction F by means of a conveyor system 102.
  • the conveyor system 102 can, for example, comprise a conveyor belt on which the layered composite of irrigation layer 12 and closing membrane 18 rests.
  • Plant seeds 30 and substrate material 32 are sprinkled onto the irrigation layer 12 by means of a technical sprinkler system 104 , so that a flat substrate layer 14 resting on the irrigation layer 12 is produced, which includes plant seeds 30 and substrate material 32 .
  • the trickle system 104 includes a trickle outlet 106, under which the irrigation layer 12 together with the closing membrane 18 is moved through.
  • a protective layer 16 is then applied to the substrate layer 14 produced.
  • the protective layer 16 is unrolled from a roll of material 34 . After the protective layer 16 has been applied, the substrate layer 14 is located between the irrigation layer 12 and the protective layer 16.
  • the layers 12, 14, 16, 18 are then fed to a needling system 108.
  • the material layer 16 on the front side and the material layer 12 on the rear side are joined together in a planar manner in a connecting region extending over the substrate layer 14 needled so that the material layers 12, 16 needled together press flatly onto the substrate layer 14 in the connection area.
  • the greening textile 10 produced can subsequently be wound onto a material roll or material drum and transported to the installation site.
  • the 11 shows a greening textile 10 which is attached to a vertical wall.
  • the greening textile 10 has a plurality of eyelets 36a-36e.
  • the greening textile 10 can be hung on hooks 38a-38e via the eyelets 36a-36e, with the hooks 38a-38e being anchored, for example, in a building facade.
  • the germination process of the plant seeds in the substrate layer 14 can be triggered by watering the greening textile 10 for the first time.
  • the 12 shows the installation of a greening textile 10 using guide rails 42a, 42b.
  • the guide rails 42a, 42b can be designed, for example, as piping rails.
  • the greening textile 10 is wound onto a rolling body 44, for example a mandrel.
  • outside guide members 40a, 40b of the greening textile 10 are inserted into the guide rails 42a, 42b, so that the greening textile 10 is guided during unrolling.
  • the outside guide members 40a, 40b can be piping, for example.
  • FIG. 13 shows a greening textile 10 into which a piping 40 is incorporated on the outside.
  • the greening textile 10 can be guided in a keder rail during the installation process by means of the keder cross section shown.
  • the greening textile can also be installed from below.
  • outside guide members 40a, 40b of the greening textile 10 are inserted from below into guide rails 42a, 42b, so that a vertical arrangement of the greening textile by a The greening textile can be pulled up along the guide rails 42a, 42b.
  • Greening textiles 10a-10d each have a plurality of irrigation lines 28a-28m, with the irrigation lines 28a-28m being connected to a distribution line 46.
  • the distribution line 46 is part of an irrigation system, via which the irrigation layers 12 of the greening textiles 10a-10d can be supplied with water.
  • FIG. 16 shows that pockets 48a-48c can be applied to the outer protective layer 16 of a greening textile 10.
  • the pockets 48a-48c are formed from pieces of textile 52a-52c, which are fixed to the protective layer 16 of the greening textile 10 via fixing straps 50a-50c.
  • the pockets 48a-48c can be individually filled and planted by the user of the greening textile 10.
  • the fixing strap 50 can be a Velcro strap which has Velcro hooks on the front and on the back. If the protective layer 16 is formed from a non-woven fabric, the fixing straps 50 designed as Velcro hook strips can be fixed to the protective layer in a non-destructive and reversibly detachable manner. If the piece of textile 52 is also a non-woven fabric, it can then also be attached non-destructively and reversibly detachably to the fixing strap 50 designed as a Velcro strap in order to form the pocket 48 . reference sign

Landscapes

  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental Sciences (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Pretreatment Of Seeds And Plants (AREA)
  • Cultivation Of Plants (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un textile de végétalisation (10, 10a-10d) pour végétaliser des parties de bâtiment ou de terrain (200), comprenant au moins une couche de substrat (14, 14a, 14b) plane qui contient des graines végétales (30) et un matériau de substrat (32), ce matériau de substrat (32) étant conçu pour permettre aux graines végétales (30) de germer et pour servir de milieu de culture aux plantes obtenues à partir des graines végétales (30), une ou plusieurs couches de matériau côté face avant (16, 16a, 16b) qui sont disposées sur une face avant de la couche de substrat (14, 14a, 14b) et une ou plusieurs couches de matériau côté face arrière (12, 16, 16a, 16b, 18, 20, 20a, 20b) qui sont disposées sur une face arrière de la couche de substrat (14, 14a, 14b).
PCT/EP2021/074221 2020-09-10 2021-09-02 Textile de végétalisation Ceased WO2022053383A2 (fr)

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DE102020123619.0A DE102020123619A1 (de) 2020-09-10 2020-09-10 Begrünungstextil
DE102020123619.0 2020-09-10

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WO2022053383A3 WO2022053383A3 (fr) 2023-01-19

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US12507638B2 (en) * 2022-07-20 2025-12-30 Habitat Horticulture LLC Living wall system
DE102024108744A1 (de) * 2024-03-27 2025-10-02 Huesker Synthetic Gmbh Verbundmatte
EP4706378A1 (fr) * 2024-09-06 2026-03-11 Green Mama Solutions GmbH Dispositif pour végétaliser une paroi
DE102024125613A1 (de) * 2024-09-06 2026-03-12 Green Mama Solutions Gmbh Vorrichtung zur Begrünung einer Wand

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EP0730821A1 (fr) 1995-03-07 1996-09-11 Peter Dipl.-Ing. Reither Natte de verdissement
FR2747265A1 (fr) 1996-04-11 1997-10-17 Blanc Patrick Dispositif pour la culture sans sol de plantes sur une surface sensiblement verticale
WO1999049722A1 (fr) 1998-03-27 1999-10-07 Walter Schober Natte d'engazonnement pour la consolidation de pentes
WO2005116345A1 (fr) 2004-05-28 2005-12-08 Colbond B.V. Tapis de protection contre l'erosion a matrice fibreuse cellulosique et procede pour fabriquer des tapis de protection contre l'erosion a matrice fibreuse cellulosique
EP2809140B1 (fr) 2012-02-02 2016-09-14 Vertical Ecosystem Sprl Systeme pour former un element textile vegetalise

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BE1007122A3 (nl) 1992-06-03 1995-04-04 Vervaeke Fibre Naamloze Vennoo Zaaimat en werkwijze voor het vervaardigen van zulke zaaimat.
DE29904660U1 (de) 1998-09-21 1999-06-17 Tolksdorf, Jürgen, 24326 Kalübbe Vegetationselement
GB2520510B (en) * 2013-11-21 2015-11-11 Designlaw Ltd A layered façade panel comprising foamed metal
CN106561318A (zh) * 2016-09-14 2017-04-19 山东科技大学 一种可自动灌溉的垂直绿化体系及施工方法
DE202018002767U1 (de) 2018-06-12 2018-07-11 Claudia Lüling Fassadenelement aus Abstandstextilien, begrünt

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0730821A1 (fr) 1995-03-07 1996-09-11 Peter Dipl.-Ing. Reither Natte de verdissement
FR2747265A1 (fr) 1996-04-11 1997-10-17 Blanc Patrick Dispositif pour la culture sans sol de plantes sur une surface sensiblement verticale
WO1999049722A1 (fr) 1998-03-27 1999-10-07 Walter Schober Natte d'engazonnement pour la consolidation de pentes
WO2005116345A1 (fr) 2004-05-28 2005-12-08 Colbond B.V. Tapis de protection contre l'erosion a matrice fibreuse cellulosique et procede pour fabriquer des tapis de protection contre l'erosion a matrice fibreuse cellulosique
EP2809140B1 (fr) 2012-02-02 2016-09-14 Vertical Ecosystem Sprl Systeme pour former un element textile vegetalise

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DE102020123619A1 (de) 2022-03-10

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