WO2022071101A1 - 電極 - Google Patents
電極 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022071101A1 WO2022071101A1 PCT/JP2021/035024 JP2021035024W WO2022071101A1 WO 2022071101 A1 WO2022071101 A1 WO 2022071101A1 JP 2021035024 W JP2021035024 W JP 2021035024W WO 2022071101 A1 WO2022071101 A1 WO 2022071101A1
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- conductive carbon
- carbon layer
- electrode
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- metal
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N27/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means
- G01N27/26—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of electric, electrochemical, or magnetic means by investigating electrochemical variables; by using electrolysis or electrophoresis
- G01N27/28—Electrolytic cell components
- G01N27/30—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells
- G01N27/308—Electrodes, e.g. test electrodes; Half-cells at least partially made of carbon
Definitions
- the present invention relates to electrodes.
- Patent Document 1 An electrode having a flexible base material, a metal layer, and a conductive carbon layer in order in the thickness direction is known (see, for example, Patent Document 1 below).
- the surface roughness of the conductive carbon layer is set to 2.0 nm or less to suppress noise.
- the present invention provides an electrode that can suppress a decrease in signal intensity while suppressing noise.
- a resin film, a metal base layer, and a conductive carbon layer are provided in order in the thickness direction, and the surface of the conductive carbon layer has an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 1.50 nm or less and 0. Includes electrodes with a skewness Rsk of .00 or greater.
- the electrode according to (1), wherein the conductive carbon layer contains a metal and the proportion of the metal in the conductive carbon layer is 5% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less. include.
- the present invention (3) includes the electrode according to (1) or (2), wherein the metal is titanium.
- the present invention (4) includes the electrode according to any one of (1) to (3), which is an electrode for electrochemical measurement.
- the surface of the conductive carbon layer has an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 1.50 nm or less and a skewness Rsk of 0.00 or more, noise can be suppressed and the signal intensity is also lowered. Can be suppressed.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of the electrode of the present invention.
- the electrode 1 has a thickness.
- the electrode 1 has a film shape (including a sheet shape).
- the electrode 1 includes a resin film 2, a metal base layer 3, and a conductive carbon layer 4 in this order toward one side in the thickness direction.
- the electrode 1 includes only the resin film 2, the metal base layer 3, and the conductive carbon layer 4.
- the resin film 2 has a thickness.
- the resin film 2 is a base film in the electrode 1.
- the material of the resin film 2 is a resin.
- the resin include polyester resin, olefin resin, acetate resin, polyether sulfone resin, polycarbonate resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, polyolefin resin, acrylic resin, polyvinyl chloride resin, polyvinylidene chloride resin, polystyrene resin, and polyvinyl alcohol. Examples thereof include resins, polyarylate resins, and polyphenylene sulfide resins. These can be used alone or in combination.
- a polyester resin is preferable.
- the polyester resin include polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polyethylene naphthalate.
- Preferred examples of the polyester resin include PET.
- the thickness of the resin film 2 is not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the resin film 2 is, for example, 2 ⁇ m or more, preferably 20 ⁇ m or more, and for example, 1000 ⁇ m or less, preferably 500 ⁇ m or less.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra on one side of the resin film 2 in the thickness direction is not particularly limited.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra on one side of the resin film 2 in the thickness direction is, for example, 5 nm or less, preferably 1 nm or less, and for example, 0.1 nm or more, preferably 0.3 nm or more.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra on one side of the resin film 2 in the thickness direction is measured according to JIS B0601: 2013.
- the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of the following layers is also measured by the same method as described above.
- the skewness Rsk on one side of the resin film 2 in the thickness direction is not particularly limited.
- the skewness Rsk on one side of the resin film 2 in the thickness direction is, for example, ⁇ 0.3 or more, preferably ⁇ 0.2 or more, and for example, 1.5 or less, preferably 0.8 or less. be.
- the skewness Rsk on one side of the resin film 2 in the thickness direction is obtained as the skewness of the roughness curve according to JIS B0601: 2013.
- the skewness Rsk of the following layers is also measured by the same method as described above.
- the metal base layer 3 is arranged on one side of the resin film 2 in the thickness direction. Specifically, the metal base layer 3 is in contact with all of one surface of the resin film 2 in the thickness direction.
- the metal base layer 3 has a thickness.
- the material of the metal base layer 3 is metal.
- the metal include titanium, chromium, tungsten, aluminum, copper, silver, gold, molybdenum, tantalum, palladium, silicon, and alloys thereof.
- titanium is preferable.
- the thickness of the metal base layer 3 is not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the metal base layer 3 is, for example, 1 nm or more, preferably 3 nm or more, more preferably 5 nm or more, and for example, 1000 nm or less, preferably 100 nm or less, more preferably 50 nm or less.
- the conductive carbon layer 4 is arranged on one side of the metal base layer 3 in the thickness direction. Specifically, the conductive carbon layer 4 is in contact with all of one surface of the metal base layer 3 in the thickness direction.
- the conductive carbon layer 4 has a thickness.
- the main material of the conductive carbon layer 4 is carbon.
- Carbon has, for example, sp 2 and sp 3 bonds.
- Such carbon has a graphite-type structure and a diamond structure.
- the conductive carbon layer 4 can further contain a metal. If the conductive carbon layer 4 further contains a metal, noise can be further suppressed and a decrease in signal intensity can be further suppressed.
- the metal in the conductive carbon layer 4 may be the same metal as the metal base layer 3 or a metal different from the metal base layer 3. Preferably, the metal in the conductive carbon layer 4 is the same metal as the metal base layer 3.
- the metal examples include titanium, chromium, tungsten, aluminum, copper, silver, gold, molybdenum, tantalum, palladium, silicon, and alloys thereof.
- titanium is preferable. If the metal is titanium, the adhesion between the conductive carbon layer 4 and the underlying metal layer 3 can be further increased.
- the proportion of the metal in the conductive carbon layer 4 is, for example, 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 1% by mass or more, more preferably 5% by mass or more, and for example, 50% by mass or less, preferably 50% by mass or less. , 35% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less.
- the ratio of the metal in the conductive carbon layer 4 is not less than the above-mentioned lower limit and not more than the above-mentioned upper limit, noise can be further suppressed and the decrease in signal intensity can be further suppressed.
- the presence / absence and proportion of metal in the conductive carbon layer 4 can be determined by fluorescent X-ray measurement.
- the conductive carbon layer 4 may further contain a rare gas.
- Noble gases include, for example, helium, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.
- Examples of the method for analyzing the noble gas in the conductive carbon layer 4 include a secondary ion mass spectrometry method, a laser resonance ionization mass spectrometry method, and a fluorescent X-ray analysis.
- the surface resistance value of the conductive carbon layer 4 on one surface in the thickness direction is not particularly limited.
- the surface resistance of the conductive carbon layer 4 on one surface in the thickness direction is, for example, 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the surface resistance is measured by the 4-terminal method according to JIS K 7194.
- the thickness of the conductive carbon layer 4 is not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the conductive carbon layer 4 is, for example, 1 nm or more, preferably 2 nm or more, more preferably 5 nm or more, and for example, 100 nm or less, preferably 70 nm or less, more preferably 50 nm or less. ..
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra described later on one surface in the thickness direction of the conductive carbon layer 4 can be easily set in a desired range.
- the thickness of the conductive carbon layer 4 is equal to or greater than the above-mentioned lower limit, a uniform film formation can be formed in the in-plane direction.
- the in-plane direction is a direction orthogonal to the thickness direction.
- the thickness of the conductive carbon layer 4 is calculated by measuring the X-ray reflectance.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra on one side of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction is 1.50 nm or less.
- One surface of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction in the present embodiment is synonymous with the surface of the conductive carbon layer 4.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra on one side of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction is preferably 1.25 nm or less, more preferably 1.00 nm or less, still more preferably 0.75 nm or less, and particularly preferably 0.75 nm or less. It is 0.70 nm or less. If the arithmetic average roughness Ra on one side of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction exceeds the above-mentioned upper limit, noise cannot be suppressed.
- the capacitance value becomes excessive. Then, the noise increases. That is, in the present embodiment, since the arithmetic average roughness Ra of one surface of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction is 1.50 nm or less, noise can be suppressed. For example, in the present embodiment, since the capacitance value in cyclic voltammetry can be lowered, the above-mentioned noise suppression is demonstrated (see the example column below). To set the arithmetic average roughness Ra on one side of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction to the above range, for example, the thickness of the conductive carbon layer 4 is adjusted.
- the lower limit of the arithmetic mean roughness Ra on one side of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction is not particularly limited.
- the lower limit of the arithmetic average roughness Ra on one surface of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction is, for example, 0.01 nm, preferably 0.10 nm.
- the skewness Rsk on one side of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction is 0.00 or more.
- the skewness Rsk on one surface of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction is preferably 0.15 or more, more preferably 0.20 or more. If the skewness Rsk on one surface of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction does not meet the above-mentioned lower limit, the signal intensity decreases. Specifically, when cyclic voltammetry is performed using the electrode 1, the redox potential difference ⁇ Ep increases. Then, the signal intensity decreases. In other words, in the present embodiment, since the skewness Rsk on one side of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction is 0.00 or more, it is possible to suppress a decrease in signal intensity.
- the redox potential difference ⁇ Ep (specifically, the ferrician activity value) is low in cyclic voltammetry, demonstrating the suppression of the above-mentioned decrease in signal intensity (see the column of Examples below).
- ⁇ Ep specifically, the ferrician activity value
- the power applied to the target, the pressure during sputtering, and / or the conductive carbon layer Adjust the thickness of 4.
- the skewness Rsk on one side of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction is 0.00 or more, which means that the skewness Rsk is 0 or a positive number.
- the convex portion on one surface of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction is steep and sparse. That is, the distance between the convex portions becomes wide, and the proportion of the concave portions in the space increases. Then, it is presumed that a large amount of the substance to be measured can be accommodated in the concave portion, which can be measured with high sensitivity, and the decrease in signal intensity can be suppressed.
- the upper limit of the skewness Rsk on one surface of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction is not particularly limited.
- the upper limit of the skewness Rsk on one surface of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction is, for example, 1.50.
- the manufacturing method of the electrode 1 will be described.
- the resin film 2 is prepared.
- the metal base layer 3 and the conductive carbon layer 4 are sequentially formed on one side of the resin film 2 in the thickness direction.
- Examples of the method for forming the metal base layer 3 include a dry method and a wet method.
- a dry method is preferable.
- Examples of the dry method include a PVD method (physical vapor deposition method) and a CVD method (chemical vapor deposition method).
- the PVD method is preferably mentioned.
- Examples of the PVD method include a sputtering method, a vacuum vapor deposition method, a laser vapor deposition method, and an ion plating method (arc vapor deposition method).
- the PVD method preferably includes a sputtering method.
- the sputtering method is not particularly limited.
- the sputtering method for example, an unbalanced magnetron sputtering method (UBM sputtering method), a high power pulse sputtering method, an electronic cyclotron resonance sputtering method, an RF sputtering method, a DC sputtering method (DC magnetron sputtering method), a DC pulse sputtering method. , And the ion beam sputtering method.
- UBM sputtering method unbalanced magnetron sputtering method
- a high power pulse sputtering method for example, an electronic cyclotron resonance sputtering method, an RF sputtering method, a DC sputtering method (DC magnetron sputtering method), a DC pulse sputtering method.
- DC magnetron sputtering method DC magnetron sputtering method
- DC pulse sputtering method a DC pulse sputtering method
- a sputtering gas and a target are used.
- the sputtering gas contains a rare gas.
- Noble gases include, for example, helium, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon.
- the target is made of the above-mentioned metal.
- the pressure in sputtering is, for example, 0.01 Pa or more, and for example, 10 Pa or less.
- Examples of the method for forming the conductive carbon layer 4 include the same method as the above-mentioned forming method for the metal base layer 3.
- the method for forming the conductive carbon layer 4 preferably includes a dry method, more preferably a PVD method, further preferably a sputtering method, and particularly preferably a high power pulse sputtering method, and a high power pulse sputtering method. , DC pulse sputtering method.
- the target for example, carbon, preferably sintered carbon is used.
- the conductive carbon layer 4 contains a metal, examples thereof include carbon and metal.
- Specific examples thereof include a first target made of carbon (preferably sintered carbon) and a second target made of metal (preferably titanium).
- the first target and the second target are arranged in one film forming chamber independently of each other.
- the ratio of the electric power applied to them is controlled. Thereby, the ratio of the metal contained in the conductive carbon layer 4 is adjusted.
- the pulse width in the DC pulse sputtering method is generally the discharge stop time.
- the pulse width is, for example, 0.5 ⁇ s or more, and is, for example, 1 ms or less.
- the frequency in the DC pulse sputtering method is, for example, 10 kHz or more, and is, for example, 500 kHz or less.
- the pulse width in the high power pulse sputtering method is generally the discharge duration.
- the pulse width is, for example, 10 ⁇ s or more, and is, for example, 3 ms or less.
- the frequency in the high power pulse sputtering method is, for example, 50 Hz or more, and is, for example, 3 kHz or less.
- the electrode 1 including the resin film 2, the metal base layer 3, and the conductive carbon layer 4 in this order is manufactured.
- one surface of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction has an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 1.5 nm or less and a skewness Rsk of 0.0 or more. Therefore, while suppressing noise, it is also possible to suppress a decrease in signal intensity.
- the conductive carbon layer 4 further contains a metal, and if the proportion of the metal in the conductive carbon layer 4 is 5% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, noise can be further suppressed and the signal intensity can be increased. The decrease can be further suppressed.
- the adhesion between the conductive carbon layer 4 and the base metal layer 3 can be further increased.
- the use of the electrode 1 is not particularly limited.
- Examples of the use of the electrode 1 include an electrode for electrochemical measurement. Specifically, it is provided in an electrochemical measurement system including an electrode 1 as a working electrode. In this case, the electrode 1 is used as an electrode for electrochemical measurement. For example, cyclic voltammetry is performed using an electrochemical measurement system.
- Applications of the electrochemical measurement system include, for example, a blood glucose level sensor. The blood glucose level sensor measures the blood glucose level in the blood.
- the electrode 1 of the modified example may further include a metal base layer 3 and a conductive carbon layer 4 which are sequentially arranged toward the other side in the thickness direction of the resin film 2.
- the conductive carbon layer 4, the metal base layer 3, the resin film 2, the metal base layer 3, and the conductive carbon layer 4 are sequentially arranged toward one side in the thickness direction.
- the other surface of the conductive carbon layer 4 arranged on the other side in the thickness direction of the resin film 2 has an arithmetic average roughness Ra of 1.5 nm or less and a skewness Rsk of 0.0 or more.
- one surface and the other surface of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction are examples of the surface of the conductive carbon layer 4, respectively.
- Example 1 A resin film 2 made of 50 ⁇ m polyethylene terephthalate (PET) was prepared.
- the arithmetic average roughness Ra on one side of the resin film 2 in the thickness direction was 0.6 nm.
- the skewness Rsk on one side of the resin film 2 in the thickness direction was ⁇ 0.11.
- a metal base layer 3 made of titanium was formed on one side of the resin film 2 in the thickness direction by a DC sputtering method.
- the thickness of the metal base layer 3 was 7 nm.
- the conditions of the DC sputtering method are as follows.
- Target Titanium Target applied power: 200W
- Target shape and size Cylindrical with a diameter of 2 inches
- Sputtering gas Argon Sputtering chamber pressure: 0.3 Pa
- the conductive carbon layer 4 was formed on one side of the metal base layer 3 in the thickness direction by the DC pulse sputtering method.
- the conditions of the DC pulse sputtering method are described below.
- the conductive carbon layer 4 contained 10% by mass of titanium.
- the titanium content was determined by fluorescent X-ray measurement.
- the peak intensity is such that titanium contained in the conductive carbon layer 4 and titanium used in the base metal layer 3 are mixed. Therefore, by subtracting the peak intensity of the sample in which only the titanium of the base metal layer 3 is previously formed under the same conditions as the sputtering method of the conductive carbon layer 4 from the peak of the conductive carbon layer 4, the conductive carbon layer 4 is formed.
- the content of titanium contained only in was calculated.
- the thickness of the conductive carbon layer 4 was 10 nm. The method for measuring the thickness of the conductive carbon layer 4 will be described later.
- the electrode 1 provided with the resin film 2, the metal base layer 3, and the conductive carbon layer 4 was manufactured.
- Example 2 The electrode 1 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. However, in the formation of the conductive carbon layer 4, the DC pulse sputtering method was changed to the high power pulse sputtering method. The average applied power of the first target was set to 150 W, and no power was applied to the second target. The pulse width when the first target was applied was changed to 30 ⁇ s, and the frequency was changed to 210 Hz. The pressure in the sputtering chamber was changed to 1.0 Pa. The conductive carbon layer 4 did not contain titanium and was substantially composed of carbon. The thickness of the conductive carbon layer 4 was 35 nm.
- Example 3 The electrode 1 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. However, in the formation of the conductive carbon layer 4, no electric power was applied to the second target.
- the conductive carbon layer 4 did not contain titanium and was substantially composed of carbon.
- Comparative Example 1 The electrode 1 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. However, in the formation of the conductive carbon layer 4, no electric power was applied to the second target.
- the conductive carbon layer 4 did not contain titanium and was substantially composed of carbon.
- the thickness of the conductive carbon layer 4 was 100 nm.
- Comparative Example 2 The electrode 1 was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1. However, in the formation of the conductive carbon layer 4, the DC pulse sputtering method was changed to the high power pulse sputtering method. The power applied to the first target was set to 150 W, and no power was applied to the second target. The pulse width when the first target was applied was changed to 30 ⁇ s, and the frequency was changed to 210 Hz. The pressure in the sputtering chamber was changed to 0.6 Pa. The conductive carbon layer 4 did not contain titanium and was substantially composed of carbon. The thickness of the conductive carbon layer 4 was 35 nm.
- Electrode 1 was manufactured by the same treatment as in Example 3. However, the material of the resin film 2 was changed to cycloolefin resin (COP).
- COP cycloolefin resin
- the target thickness of the metal base layer 3, the arithmetic mean roughness Ra of 0.5 nm, and the density of 4.51 g / cm 3 were input as initial values.
- the target thickness of the conductive carbon layer 4, the arithmetic average roughness Ra of 0.5 nm, and the density of 1.95 g / cm 3 were input as initial values. Then, the thickness of the conductive carbon layer 4 was analyzed by performing the minimum self-squared fitting with the measured value.
- Measuring device Powder X-ray diffractometer (Rigaku, "RINT-2000")
- Light source Cu-K ⁇ ray (wavelength: 1,5418 ⁇ ), 40 kV, 40 mA
- Optical system Parallel beam optical system Divergence slit: 0.05 mm
- Light receiving slit 0.05 mm
- Monochromatic / parallelization Multi-layer Goebel mirror is used
- Measurement mode ⁇ / 2 ⁇ Scan mode Measurement range (2 ⁇ ): 0.3 to 2.0 degrees
- the concentration of K 4 [Fe (CN) 6 ] in the solution was 1.0 mol / L.
- the reference electrode (Ag / AgCl) and counter electrode (Pt) were inserted into the potassium chloride solution and connected to the potentiostat. Then, cyclic voltammetry was performed in the potential range of ⁇ 0.1 V to 0.5 V at a scanning speed of 0.1 V / sec. The redox potential difference ⁇ Ep was obtained as the ferrician activity value.
- the signal intensity of the electrode 1 was evaluated by applying the ferrician activity value to the following criteria. ⁇ The ferrician activity value was less than 150 mV. ⁇ The ferrician activity value was 150 mV or more.
- ⁇ Capacitance value measurement> Noise suppression
- An insulating tape was attached to one side of the conductive carbon layer 4 in the thickness direction.
- the insulating tape has a hole with a diameter of 2 mm.
- the electrode area is 0.0314 cm 2 .
- the electrode was manufactured as a working electrode.
- the working electrode was inserted into a 1.0 mol / L potassium chloride solution and connected to a potentiostat (IVIUM, pocket STAT.
- the reference electrode (Ag / AgCl) and counter electrode (Pt) were also potassium chloride. It was inserted into a solution and connected to a potentiostat.
- cyclic voltammetry was performed in a potential range of 0 V to 0.5 V at a scanning speed of 0.01 V / sec.
- the capacitance value was given by the following equation. Obtained by substituting.
- Capacitance value (sum of absolute values of two current values at 0.25V) [A] / 2 ⁇ 0.01 [V / sec] /0.0314 [cm 2 ]
- the unit of the capacitance value is [A] / [V / sec] / [cm 2 ], which is the same as [F / cm 2 ].
- the noise suppression property of the electrode 1 was evaluated by applying the capacitance value to the following criteria. ⁇ The capacitance value was less than 15 ⁇ F / cm 2 . ⁇ The capacitance value was 15 ⁇ F / cm 2 or more.
- Electrodes are used for electrochemical measurements.
- Electrode 2 Resin film 3 Metal base layer 4 Conductive carbon layer
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Abstract
Description
本発明の電極の一実施形態を、図1を参照して説明する。
そして、この電極1では、導電性カーボン層4の厚み方向一方面が、1.5nm以下の算術平均粗さRaと、0.0以上の歪度Rskとを有する。そのため、ノイズを抑制できながら、シグナル強度の低下も抑制できる。
電極1の用途は、特に限定されない。電極1の用途としては、例えば、電気化学測定用の電極が挙げられる。具体的には、電極1を作用電極として含む電気化学測定システムに備えられる。この場合には、電極1は、電気化学測定用の電極として用いられる。電気化学測定システムを用いて、例えば、サイクリックボルタンメトリーを実施する。電気化学測定システムの用途として、例えば、血糖値センサーが挙げられる。血糖値センサーは、血中の血糖値を測定する。
以下の変形例において、上記した一実施形態と同様の部材および工程については、同一の参照符号を付し、その詳細な説明を省略する。また、変形例は、特記する以外、一実施形態と同様の作用効果を奏することができる。さらに、一実施形態およびその変形例を適宜組み合わせることができる。
50μmのポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)からなる樹脂フィルム2を準備した。樹脂フィルム2の厚み方向一方面の算術平均粗さRaは0.6nmであった。樹脂フィルム2の厚み方向一方面の歪度Rskは-0.11であった。
ターゲット:チタン
ターゲット印加電力:200W
ターゲットの形状およびサイズ:直径2インチの円筒形
スパッタリングガス:アルゴン
スパッタリング室の圧力:0.3Pa
第1ターゲット:焼結カーボン
第2ターゲット:チタン
第1ターゲット印加電力:200W
第2ターゲット印加電力:10W
第1ターゲットの形状およびサイズ:直径2インチの円筒形
第2ターゲットの形状およびサイズ:直径2インチの円筒形
スパッタリング室の圧力:0.3Pa
パルス幅:1.5μs
周波数:150kHz
実施例1と同様に処理して電極1を製造した。但し、導電性カーボン層4の形成において、DCパルススパッタリング法を大電力パルススパッタリング法に変更した。第1ターゲット平均印加電力を150Wにし、第2ターゲットには、電力を印加しなかった。第1ターゲット印加時のパルス幅を30μs、周波数を210Hzに変更した。スパッタリング室の圧力を1.0Paに変更した。導電性カーボン層4は、チタンを含有せず、実質的に炭素からなっていた。導電性カーボン層4の厚みは35nmであった。
実施例1と同様に処理して電極1を製造した。但し、導電性カーボン層4の形成において、第2ターゲットには、電力を印加しなかった。導電性カーボン層4は、チタンを含有せず、実質的に炭素からなっていた。
実施例1と同様に処理して電極1を製造した。但し、導電性カーボン層4の形成において、第2ターゲットには、電力を印加しなかった。導電性カーボン層4は、チタンを含有せず、実質的に炭素からなっていた。導電性カーボン層4の厚みは100nmであった。
実施例1と同様に処理して電極1を製造した。但し、導電性カーボン層4の形成において、DCパルススパッタリング法を大電力パルススパッタリング法に変更した。第1ターゲット印加電力を150Wにし、第2ターゲットには、電力を印加しなかった。第1ターゲット印加時のパルス幅を30μs、周波数を210Hzに変更した。スパッタリング室の圧力を0.6Paに変更した。導電性カーボン層4は、チタンを含有せず、実質的に炭素からなっていた。導電性カーボン層4の厚みは35nmであった。
実施例3と同様に処理して電極1を製造した。但し、樹脂フィルム2の材料をシクロオレフィン樹脂(COP)に変更した。
以下の項目を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
X線反射率法を測定原理とし、粉末X線回折装置(リガク社製、「RINT-2200」)を用いて、下記の<測定条件>にてX線反射率を測定し、データを解析ソフト(リガク社製、「GXRR3」)で解析することで、導電性カーボン層4の厚みを算出した。解析については、下記の<解析条件>にて、PETからなる樹脂フィルム2と、チタンからなる金属下地層3と、導電性カーボン層4との3層モデルを採用した。金属下地層3の狙い厚みと算術平均粗さRa0.5nmと密度4.51g/cm3とを初期値として入力した。導電性カーボン層4の狙い厚みと算術平均粗さRa0.5nmと密度1.95g/cm3とを初期値として入力した。その後、実測値との最小自乗フィッティングを実施することによって、導電性カーボン層4の厚みを解析した。
測定装置:粉末X線回折装置(リガク社製、「RINT-2000」)
光源:Cu-Kα線(波長:1,5418Å)、40kV、40mA
光学系:平行ビーム光学系
発散スリット:0.05mm
受光スリット:0.05mm
単色化・平行化:多層ゲーベルミラー使用
測定モード:θ/2θスキャンモード
測定範囲(2θ):0.3度~2.0度
解析ソフト:リガク社製、「GXRR3」
解析手法:最小自乗フィッティング
解析範囲(2θ):2θ=0.3~2.0°
原子間力顕微鏡(AFMブルカージャパン社製、製品名:MultiMode8)を用いて、JIS R1683:2014に準拠して、導電性カーボン層4の厚み方向一方面の形状を観察した。観察結果から、導電性カーボン層4の厚み方向一方面について、JIS B0601:2013に定められた算術平均粗さRaと歪度Rskとをそれぞれ求めた。
<フェリシアン活性値測定>
(シグナル強度の低下の抑制性)
導電性カーボン層4の厚み方向一方面に、絶縁テープを貼り付けた。絶縁テープは、直径2mmの穴を有している。これにより、電極面積は0.0314cm2である。これにより、電極を作用電極として作製した。作用電極を、K4[Fe(CN)6]を溶解した塩化カリウム溶液中に挿入し、ポテンシオスタット(IVIUM社、pocketSTAT)に接続した。溶液における塩化カリウムの濃度は、1.0mol/Lであった。溶液におけるK4[Fe(CN)6]の濃度は、1.0mol/Lであった。上記と同様にして、参照電極(Ag/AgCl)および対極(Pt)を塩化カリウム溶液に挿入し、ポテンシオスタットに接続した。その後、-0.1Vから0.5Vの電位範囲で、走査速度0.1V/secで、サイクリックボルタンメトリーを実施した。酸化還元電位差ΔEpをフェリシアン活性値として取得した。
○ フェリシアン活性値が150mV未満であった。
× フェリシアン活性値が150mV以上であった。
(ノイズの抑制性)
導電性カーボン層4の厚み方向一方面に、絶縁テープを貼り付けた。絶縁テープは、直径2mmの穴を有している。これにより、電極面積は0.0314cm2である。これにより、電極を作用電極として作製した。作用電極を、1.0mol/L塩化カリウム溶液中に挿入し、ポテンシオスタット(IVIUM社、pocketSTATに接続した。また、同様に、参照電極(Ag/AgCl)および対極(Pt)についても塩化カリウム溶液中に挿入し、ポテンシオスタットに接続した。次に、0Vから0.5Vの電位範囲で、走査速度0.01V/secで、サイクリックボルタンメトリーを実施した。キャパシタンス値は、以下の式に代入して求めた。
○ キャパシタンス値が15μF/cm2未満であった。
× キャパシタンス値が15μF/cm2以上であった。
2 樹脂フィルム
3 金属下地層
4 導電性カーボン層
Claims (8)
- 樹脂フィルムと、金属下地層と、導電性カーボン層とを厚み方向に順に備え、
前記導電性カーボン層の表面は、1.50nm以下の算術平均粗さRaと、0.00以上の歪度Rskとを有する、電極。 - 前記導電性カーボン層は、金属を含有し、
前記導電性カーボン層における金属の割合が、5質量%以上、50質量%以下である、請求項1に記載の電極。 - 前記金属が、チタンである、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 前記金属が、チタンである、請求項2に記載の電極。
- 電気化学測定用の電極である、請求項1に記載の電極。
- 電気化学測定用の電極である、請求項2に記載の電極。
- 電気化学測定用の電極である、請求項3に記載の電極。
- 電気化学測定用の電極である、請求項4に記載の電極。
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| JP2022553891A JP7658980B2 (ja) | 2020-09-30 | 2021-09-24 | 電極 |
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| WO2023053905A1 (ja) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-04-06 | 日東電工株式会社 | 電極 |
| JP2023174057A (ja) * | 2022-05-27 | 2023-12-07 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | ダイヤモンド電極およびダイヤモンド電極の製造方法ならびに電気化学測定装置 |
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| WO2010004690A1 (ja) * | 2008-07-09 | 2010-01-14 | 日本電気株式会社 | 炭素電極、電気化学センサ、および炭素電極の製造方法 |
| JP2019105637A (ja) | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-27 | 日東電工株式会社 | 電極フィルムおよび電気化学測定システム |
| JP6752432B1 (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-09-09 | 日東電工株式会社 | 電極および電気化学測定システム |
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| US20090214954A1 (en) * | 2004-08-30 | 2009-08-27 | Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation | Negative electrode material for nonaqueous secondary cells, negative electrode for nonaqueous secondary cells, and nonaqueous secondary cell |
| KR101364250B1 (ko) * | 2012-03-06 | 2014-02-18 | 서강대학교산학협력단 | 과산화수소 검출용 센서 |
| US10156539B2 (en) * | 2016-08-22 | 2018-12-18 | King Fahd University Of Petroleum And Minerals | Graphite electrode comprising electrochemically reduced graphene oxide and methods thereof |
| JP2018156921A (ja) * | 2017-03-21 | 2018-10-04 | 日本軽金属株式会社 | アルミ導電部材の製造方法及びアルミ導電部材 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2010004690A1 (ja) * | 2008-07-09 | 2010-01-14 | 日本電気株式会社 | 炭素電極、電気化学センサ、および炭素電極の製造方法 |
| JP2019105637A (ja) | 2017-12-11 | 2019-06-27 | 日東電工株式会社 | 電極フィルムおよび電気化学測定システム |
| JP6752432B1 (ja) * | 2019-03-28 | 2020-09-09 | 日東電工株式会社 | 電極および電気化学測定システム |
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| WO2023053905A1 (ja) * | 2021-09-30 | 2023-04-06 | 日東電工株式会社 | 電極 |
| JP2023174057A (ja) * | 2022-05-27 | 2023-12-07 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | ダイヤモンド電極およびダイヤモンド電極の製造方法ならびに電気化学測定装置 |
| JP7840048B2 (ja) | 2022-05-27 | 2026-04-03 | 国立研究開発法人産業技術総合研究所 | ダイヤモンド電極およびダイヤモンド電極の製造方法ならびに電気化学測定装置 |
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| EP4224157A4 (en) | 2024-10-23 |
| JPWO2022071101A1 (ja) | 2022-04-07 |
| EP4224157A1 (en) | 2023-08-09 |
| US20240019394A1 (en) | 2024-01-18 |
| CN116457655A (zh) | 2023-07-18 |
| JP7658980B2 (ja) | 2025-04-08 |
| TW202223383A (zh) | 2022-06-16 |
| TWI890866B (zh) | 2025-07-21 |
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