WO2022077686A1 - 一种电容器及其制备方法和用途 - Google Patents

一种电容器及其制备方法和用途 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2022077686A1
WO2022077686A1 PCT/CN2020/128953 CN2020128953W WO2022077686A1 WO 2022077686 A1 WO2022077686 A1 WO 2022077686A1 CN 2020128953 W CN2020128953 W CN 2020128953W WO 2022077686 A1 WO2022077686 A1 WO 2022077686A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
optionally
positive electrode
lithium
negative electrode
binder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2020/128953
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
卜芳
罗垂意
祝媛
袁中直
刘建华
刘金成
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Eve Hyperpower Batteries Inc
Eve Energy Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Eve Hyperpower Batteries Inc
Eve Energy Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Eve Hyperpower Batteries Inc, Eve Energy Co Ltd filed Critical Eve Hyperpower Batteries Inc
Priority to JP2022575398A priority Critical patent/JP7470822B2/ja
Priority to KR1020227045482A priority patent/KR102700259B1/ko
Priority to EP20957462.3A priority patent/EP4134996A4/en
Priority to US17/928,865 priority patent/US12394576B2/en
Priority to CA3180834A priority patent/CA3180834A1/en
Publication of WO2022077686A1 publication Critical patent/WO2022077686A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/78—Cases; Housings; Encapsulations; Mountings
    • H01G11/80—Gaskets; Sealings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/02—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof using combined reduction-oxidation reactions, e.g. redox arrangement or solion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
    • H01G11/38—Carbon pastes or blends; Binders or additives therein
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/50—Electrodes characterised by their material specially adapted for lithium-ion capacitors, e.g. for lithium-doping or for intercalation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/84—Processes for the manufacture of hybrid or EDL capacitors, or components thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
    • H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/22—Electrodes
    • H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
    • H01G11/32—Carbon-based
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
    • H01G11/78—Cases; Housings; Encapsulations; Mountings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G2/00—Details of capacitors not covered by a single one of groups H01G4/00-H01G11/00
    • H01G2/10—Housing; Encapsulation
    • H01G2/103—Sealings, e.g. for lead-in wires; Covers
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/004—Details
    • H01G9/08—Housing; Encapsulation
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
    • H01G9/00—Electrolytic capacitors, rectifiers, detectors, switching devices, light-sensitive or temperature-sensitive devices; Processes of their manufacture
    • H01G9/004—Details
    • H01G9/08—Housing; Encapsulation
    • H01G9/10—Sealing, e.g. of lead-in wires
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors

Definitions

  • the present application belongs to the technical field of capacitors, and relates to a capacitor and its preparation method and use.
  • capacitor technology "internally crosses" secondary batteries and supercapacitors, which combines high power density and energy density, long cycle life, high charge-discharge efficiency and high safety.
  • capacitor technology “internally crosses” secondary batteries and supercapacitors, which combines high power density and energy density, long cycle life, high charge-discharge efficiency and high safety.
  • people have put forward higher requirements for the energy density, operating temperature range, reliability and safety of capacitors.
  • lithium-ion capacitors have been commercialized, but the energy density is limited, only 8-10Wh/kg, and most lithium-ion capacitors on the market can only achieve -30°C-60°C discharge; in addition, most lithium-ion capacitors
  • the waist structure adopted is prone to leakage when stored at 85°C & 85% RH, which cannot meet the needs of industrial IoT power supplies. Electrode formulation and sealing, as an important link affecting device performance, have become the focus of current research.
  • CN10763957A discloses a preparation method of a lithium ion capacitor and a lithium ion capacitor.
  • the preparation method includes the following steps: making a positive electrode sheet: rolling a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent and a binder into a positive electrode film; The film is combined with the first current collector and dried to form a positive electrode sheet; the production of the negative electrode sheet: the negative electrode active material, the conductive agent and the binder are rolled into a negative electrode film, and then the negative electrode film is combined with the second current collector.
  • presetting lithium source coating the lithium source slurry on the surface of the positive electrode sheet, and sequentially drying, rolling, cutting, and vacuum drying to make a presetting lithium source composite positive electrode sheet;
  • lithium ion Capacitor production The pre-set lithium source composite positive electrode sheet, separator, and negative electrode sheet are made into cells, the cells are put into the shell, and the electrolyte is injected to make lithium ion capacitors;
  • lithium ion capacitor activation lithium ion capacitors are activated. Activated, and left to age, to obtain a Li-Ion capacitor.
  • CN20763945U discloses a highly-sealed supercapacitor, comprising a supercapacitor main body, two external connectors are fixedly connected above the supercapacitor main body, and a protective shell surrounding the four sides of the supercapacitor main body is fixedly installed on the outside of the supercapacitor main body,
  • the protective shell is inlaid and attached with two first buffer plates and two second buffer plates symmetrical about the center line of the protective shell, and the first buffer plates include a hollow plate, an elastic block, a rubber plate, a folding belt and a
  • the first aluminum plate has an elastic block movably installed at the upper end of the hollow plate, and the two elastic blocks are fixedly connected together by a rubber plate.
  • the second buffer plate includes a foam block, a plastic plate, an elastic plate and a second aluminum plate.
  • the first buffer plate and the second buffer plate can reduce the damage of the capacitor to the protective shell when the capacitor is used, so as to improve the sealing performance, and also play a buffering role when the capacitor fails and explodes, but it cannot pass 85 °C&85%RH 192h storage test.
  • CN103078069A discloses a sealing member for lithium ion battery capacitor, which includes an upper pressure ring, a cover plate, an insulating gasket and a tab pressure ring, and also includes a sealant and a cross-shaped pole, an upper pressure ring, a cover plate, and a pole ear
  • Each of the pressure rings is provided with a through hole and the central axes of the three through holes are the same.
  • the sealant and the through hole of the cover plate and the upper and lower surfaces of the cover plate are integral injection molding structures, and the sealant is provided with the same central axis as the through hole of the cover plate.
  • the pole includes a large pole head, a small pole head, and a pole cross plate integrated with the pole large head and the pole small head, and the pole large head penetrates the through hole on the sealant and the upper pressure ring.
  • the through hole is riveted with the upper pressure ring
  • the small end of the pole goes through the through hole on the pole ear pressure ring and is riveted with the pole ear pressure ring
  • the pole cross plate is attached and connected to the bottom surface of the sealant.
  • the present invention seals the cover plate and the pole with sealant, and seals the pole, the upper pressure ring and the cover plate by riveting, so as to achieve full sealing and improve sealing.
  • the sealing effect needs to be strengthened.
  • the purpose of the present application includes providing a capacitor and its preparation method and use.
  • the capacitor has good sealing performance and high energy density, can be discharged at a large rate at -50 to 125° C., and can be stored at 85° C. & 85% RH at the same time, so as to meet the needs of the industrial Internet of Things power supply.
  • the present application provides a capacitor, especially a hybrid capacitor, the capacitor includes a housing, a cell located in the housing, and a sealing device located at the opening of the housing, the sealing device and the cell connect.
  • the sealing device includes a pole, and the outer circumference of the pole is sequentially sleeved with a metal ring and an insulating member from top to bottom.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the pole post is provided with a first annular engaging surface downward from the top; the inner peripheral surface of the metal ring is provided with a second annular engaging surface downward from the top, and the first annular engaging surface is connected to the second annular engaging surface.
  • the annular mating surfaces are mating.
  • the insulating part is radially provided with a groove opening outward, and a cover plate is provided in the groove.
  • the sealing device is provided with a first annular engaging surface on the outer circumference of the pole, and a second annular engaging surface on the inner circumference of the metal ring, which is formed by the mutual cooperation of the first annular engaging surface and the second annular engaging surface.
  • the engaging structure can enhance the sealing effect and improve the sealing performance of the sealing device.
  • the mutual cooperation of the metal ring, the pole, the insulating part and the cover plate improves the sealing performance of the sealing device, and at the same time realizes the full sealing of the capacitor, and the full sealing performance of the capacitor is less than 1.0 ⁇ 10 -6 Pa ⁇ m 2 /s (helium mass spectrometry), can be stored at 85°C & 85%RH, meeting the needs of industrial IoT power supplies.
  • first annular meshing surface and the second annular meshing surface which is optional but not limited to a stepped meshing structure.
  • other forms of meshing structures are also The same applies to the present application, such as: inter-matching curved surface (wave), zigzag and other meshing structures.
  • the type of the capacitor is not specifically limited, and it may be an electric double layer capacitor or a hybrid capacitor, as long as it is a type known to those skilled in the art, it is applicable to this application.
  • the method for setting the grooves is not particularly limited, and may be laser construction or injection molding, as long as it is a method commonly used by those skilled in the art, it is applicable to this application.
  • the material of the pole includes a metal and/or alloy with a higher redox potential than iron, and can be any one of aluminum, molybdenum, aluminum alloy or molybdenum alloy or at least The combination of the two can be further selected as aluminum alloy and/or molybdenum alloy.
  • the electrode post is made of metal and/or alloy material that is resistant to electrolytic corrosion to improve electrical conductivity, and may be further selected from aluminum alloy and/or molybdenum alloy, which belongs to composite electrode post , oxidation resistance, high potential.
  • the material of the insulating component includes any one or a combination of at least two of insulating ceramics, insulating varnish or mica, and may optionally be insulating ceramics.
  • the material of the metal ring includes any one or a combination of at least two of aluminum alloy, stainless steel alloy or molybdenum alloy, and can be any one of 304 stainless steel alloy, 316 stainless steel alloy or 316L stainless steel alloy. one or a combination of at least two.
  • the pole column includes a column body and a base fixed on the bottom of the column body.
  • the column body and the base are integrally formed.
  • the column body and the base are integrally formed in an inverted T shape after being fixed, which can improve the engagement between the pole column, the metal ring and the insulating component, and further improve the sealing performance.
  • the upper end surface of the base is provided with an annular protrusion
  • the lower end surface of the insulating member is provided with an annular groove matching the position of the annular protrusion.
  • the mutual cooperation between the annular protrusion and the annular groove forms a tightly combined meshing structure, which can enhance the sealing effect and further improve the sealing performance between the pole post and the insulating component. It should be noted that the present application does not specifically limit the number of the above-mentioned annular protrusions, and the annular protrusions may be continuous or spaced.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the base is provided with a first annular protrusion on the side close to the insulating member, and a first connecting piece is disposed along the outer circumference of the first annular protrusion, and the base is connected to the base through the first connecting piece.
  • the insulating parts are fixed.
  • the sealing effect between the base and the insulating member can be further improved by arranging the first connecting piece at the connection between the base and the outer edge of the insulating member.
  • the first connector can be optionally welded and fixed, and of course, the base and the insulating member can be directly welded and fixed without using the first connector. If the fixing method of the first connecting piece is adopted, a first annular protrusion structure should be provided at the contact position between the base and the insulating member, and the first connecting piece is arranged around the first annular protrusion.
  • the fixing method of the base and the insulating member includes welding and/or bonding.
  • the base and the insulating part are sealed through multiple connections, which further improves the sealing performance of the capacitor.
  • the lower end surface of the base is connected to the battery core, and the connection method can optionally include any one or a combination of at least two of laser welding, ultrasonic welding or twist welding.
  • the first annular meshing surface and the second annular meshing surface are both stepped structures.
  • the first annular engagement surface and the second annular engagement surface cooperate with each other to form a stepped engagement structure, and the stepped multiple welding can enhance the sealing effect.
  • the order of the first annular engaging surface is greater than or equal to 1, for example, it may be 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, or 10, etc., and may be 1-10.
  • the order of the second annular engaging surface is greater than or equal to 1, for example, it may be 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, or 10, etc., and may be 1-10.
  • the order of the second annular engaging surface is equal to the order of the first annular engaging surface.
  • first annular engaging surface and the second annular engaging surface are fixedly connected by fusion welding after matching and engaging.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the metal ring is provided with a second annular protrusion on the side close to the insulating member, and a second connecting piece is provided along the outer circumference of the second annular protrusion, and the metal ring passes through the second connecting piece.
  • the sealing effect between the metal ring and the insulating member can be further improved by arranging the second connecting piece at the connection between the metal ring and the outer edge of the insulating member.
  • the second connector can be optionally welded and fixed, and of course, the metal ring and the insulating member can be directly welded and fixed without using the second connector. If the fixing method of the second connecting piece is adopted, a second annular projection should be provided at the contact position between the metal ring and the insulating member, and the second connecting piece should be arranged around the second annular projection.
  • the fixed connection manner of the metal ring and the insulating member includes welding.
  • the fixed connection manner of the insulating member and the pole includes welding.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the insulating member is provided with a third annular protrusion on the side close to the cover plate, and a third connecting member is disposed along the outer circumference of the third annular protrusion, and the insulating member is connected to the cover through the third connecting member. plate fixed.
  • connection between the insulating member and the cover plate includes the two side surfaces of the insulating member respectively contacting the upper end surface of the cover plate and the lower end surface of the cover plate.
  • the thickness of the part of the cover plate extending into the groove of the insulating part is greater than the thickness of the remaining part of the cover plate.
  • the sealing effect between the cover plate and the insulating member can be further improved by arranging the third connecting piece at the connection between the cover plate and the outer edge of the insulating member.
  • the third connector may be optionally used for welding and fixing, and of course, the insulating member and the cover plate may be directly welded and fixed without using the third connector. If the fixing method of the third connecting piece is adopted, then a third annular protrusion should be provided at the contact position between the insulating member and the cover plate, and the third connecting piece should be arranged around the third annular protrusion.
  • the fixing method of the cover plate and the insulating member includes welding.
  • the upper end surface of the cover plate is flush with the upper end surface of the casing.
  • a peripheral outer edge of the cover plate is provided with an outer edge folded in the direction of the opening of the casing, and the outer edge is fitted with the opening of the casing.
  • the outer edge of the cover plate can better fit with the opening of the casing, which is beneficial to the improvement of sealing performance, especially the connection by welding.
  • the height of the outer edge is 0.02-0.08mm, such as 0.02mm, 0.04mm, 0.06mm or 0.08mm, etc.
  • the sealing device further includes a dummy cover, the dummy cover is disposed on the upper end face of the pole, and is respectively connected with the pole and the metal ring.
  • the battery cell includes a positive electrode sheet and a negative electrode sheet.
  • the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector, and a bonding layer and a positive electrode material layer sequentially located on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the bonding layer includes a first binder
  • the positive electrode material layer includes a second binder, a conductive agent, a positive electrode active material and a lithium-rich compound.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer is 0.5-10 ⁇ m, for example, it can be 0.5 ⁇ m, 1 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 6 ⁇ m, 8 ⁇ m, 9 ⁇ m or 10 ⁇ m, etc., and can be 1-5 ⁇ m. . If the thickness is less than 0.5 ⁇ m, the adhesive force of the conductive adhesive layer to the powder is too small, which cannot effectively reduce the resistance of the pole piece and prevent the powder from falling off; if the thickness is greater than 10 ⁇ m, the thickness of the pole piece is too large, which is not conducive to improving the energy of the device. density.
  • the conductive agent includes a first conductive agent and a second conductive agent
  • the first conductive agent includes at least one of graphite powder, conductive carbon black or acetylene black
  • the second conductive agent includes graphite At least one of an olefinic material and a one-dimensional carbon material.
  • a graphene-based material and or a one-dimensional carbon material construct a three-dimensional conductive network, and at least one particle of graphite powder, conductive carbon black or acetylene black is dispersed inside the conductive network and/or On the surface, a perfect conductive system is formed and the conductivity of the material is improved.
  • the positive electrode active material includes a lithium-containing positive electrode active material and a carbon-based positive electrode active material.
  • the lithium-containing positive electrode active material includes lithium cobalt oxide, lithium nickel oxide, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material, nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary material, or nickel-cobalt-manganese-aluminum quaternary material. Any one or a combination of at least two of them can be selected as any one or at least two of lithium nickelate, nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material, nickel-cobalt-aluminum ternary material or nickel-cobalt-manganese-aluminum quaternary material. combination.
  • the carbon-based positive active material includes any one or a combination of at least two of activated carbon, graphene, doped graphene or porous biomass carbon.
  • the carbon-based positive electrode active material has a relatively large specific surface area, generally above 1500m 2 /g, such as 1500m 2 /g, 1600m 2 /g, 1700m 2 /g, 1800m 2 /g, 2000m 2 /g g or 2100m 2 /g, etc.), mixing with lithium-containing cathode active materials can improve the energy density of capacitors.
  • the conductive carbon black includes small particle conductive carbon black with a particle size of 10-200 nm and/or large particle conductive carbon black with a particle size of 1-30 ⁇ m;
  • the particle size of the small particle conductive carbon black can be 10nm, 15nm, 20nm, 50nm, 80nm, 100nm, 120nm, 150nm, 180nm, 190nm or 200nm, etc.
  • the particle size of large particle conductive carbon black can be 1 ⁇ m, 3 ⁇ m, 5 ⁇ m, 10 ⁇ m, 15 ⁇ m, 20 ⁇ m, 25 ⁇ m, 28 ⁇ m or 30 ⁇ m Wait.
  • the graphene-based material includes any one or a combination of at least two of graphene, graphene oxide or doped graphene.
  • the one-dimensional carbon material includes carbon nanotubes and/or carbon fibers.
  • the mass ratio of the graphene-based material and the one-dimensional carbon material is (1-2): (3-6), and a super conductive network is formed in the positive electrode material layer under this optional ratio.
  • the mass ratio can be, for example, 1:3, 1:4, 1:5, 1:6, 2:3, 2:5 or 2:6, etc., if the mass fraction is less than 1 :6, it is difficult to construct a three-dimensional conductive network for the positive electrode; if the mass fraction is greater than 2:3, the dispersion of graphene-like materials is difficult, and the internal resistance of the device increases.
  • the graphene-based material can be a component of the second conductive agent or a component of the carbon-based positive electrode active material, as long as it is located in the positive electrode material layer, it is included in the above content range.
  • the first binder and the second binder are fusible fluorocarbon resins.
  • the first binder and the second binder are independently selected from any one or a combination of at least two of PVDF, PTFE or PFA, wherein a typical but non-limiting combination: PVDF and PFA, PFA and PTFE.
  • the lithium-rich compound includes any one or at least two of Li 2 NiO 2 , Li 5 FeO 4 , Li 3 N, Li 2 O, Li 2 O 2 or M/lithium fluoride composite A combination, wherein M includes any one or a combination of at least two of Co, Ni or Fe, and can be selected from any one or at least two of Li 2 NiO 2 , Li 3 N or M/lithium fluoride composite combination of species.
  • Li 2 NiO 2 and Li 5 FeO 4 Li 3 N and Li 2 O, Li 2 O and Li 2 O 2 , Li 3 N, Li 2 O and Li 2 O 2 , Li 2 Any one or a combination of at least two of NiO 2 and Ni/lithium fluoride complexes, Li 2 NiO 2 , Li 3 N or M/lithium fluoride complexes.
  • the "M/lithium fluoride complex” is a complex of metal M and lithium fluoride.
  • the binder further includes a third conductive agent, and the third conductive agent can be selected as conductive carbon black.
  • the total mass fraction of the first binder and the second binder is 2-10%, for example, 2%, 3% %, 5%, 6%, 8% or 10% etc.
  • the mass fraction of the first conductive agent is 1-6%, such as 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, 5% or 6% etc.
  • the total mass fraction of the graphene-based material and the one-dimensional carbon material is 0.5-3%, such as 0.5%, 1%, 2%, 2.5% or 3% etc. If the mass is lower than 0.5%, the low temperature rate performance of the device is affected; if the mass is higher than 3%, the internal resistance of the device is increased, and the electrical performance is affected. It is easy to understand that the graphene-based material can be a component of the second conductive agent or a component of the carbon-based positive electrode active material, as long as it is located in the positive electrode material layer, it is included in the above content range.
  • the mass ratio of the third conductive agent to the first binder is (1-5):1, such as 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1 or 5:1 etc., optional (2-4):1.
  • the mass fraction of the lithium-containing positive electrode active material is 5-80%, for example, it can be 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% , 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70% or 80% etc.
  • the mass fraction of the carbon-based positive electrode active material is 10-90%, for example, it can be 10%, 20%, 25%, 30% , 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%, 80% or 90% etc.
  • the mass fraction of the positive electrode active material is 85%-95%, such as 85%, 88%, 90%, 92%, 93% or 95% etc.
  • the mass ratio of the lithium-containing positive electrode active material and the carbon-based positive electrode active material is 1:0.5-1.5, such as 1:0.5, 1:0.8, 1:0.9, 1:1, 1:1.2, 1:1: 1.3 or 1:1.5, etc., optional 1:1-1:1.2.
  • the mass fraction of the lithium-rich compound is 2-30%, for example, it can be 2%, 3%, 5%, 10%, 15% , 20%, 25% or 30% etc. If the mass is lower than 2%, the capacity and the median discharge voltage of the device are low; if the mass is higher than 30%, the raw material cost of the device increases.
  • the negative electrode sheet includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode material layer located on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode material layer includes a binder, a conductive agent and a negative electrode active material.
  • the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode material layer includes any one or a combination of at least two of graphite, amorphous carbon, silicon carbon, silicon oxide, lithium titanate, graphene, tin oxide or tin alloy. .
  • the binder in the negative electrode material layer includes any one or a combination of at least two of PVDF, PTFE or acrylonitrile multipolymer.
  • the present application provides a method for preparing a capacitor according to the first aspect, the method comprising the following steps:
  • the conductive agent includes a first conductive agent and a second conductive agent
  • the first conductive agent includes graphite
  • the second conductive agent includes at least one of graphene-based materials and one-dimensional carbon materials
  • step (2) coating the surface of the positive electrode current collector with a dispersion liquid containing a first binder, performing first baking to prepare a bonding layer, and then coating the positive electrode slurry obtained in step (1) on the adhesive layer.
  • the surface of the junction layer is baked for the second time to obtain an intermediate product; the intermediate product is rolled and baked for the third time to obtain a positive electrode sheet;
  • the weak acid includes any one or a combination of at least two of oxalic acid, acetic acid or citric acid;
  • the alcohol includes any one or a combination of at least two of isopropanol, isobutanol or ethylene glycol;
  • the positive electrode sheet and the negative electrode sheet are made into electric cores, put into a casing, injected with an electrolyte, and sealed with a sealing device to obtain the capacitor.
  • the preparation method provided in the present application by coating the surface of the positive electrode current collector with a dispersion liquid containing a first binder, and then rolling and baking, the combination of the positive electrode materials and the current collector is made closer, the internal resistance of the electrode sheet is reduced, and the improvement of High-power charge-discharge performance; the first conductive agent and the second conductive agent can build a three-dimensional conductive network; the lithium-rich oxide and the positive active material provide lithium ions into the negative electrode during the charging process, and perform lithium intercalation behavior, so that the negative electrode can be exempted from The pre-lithiation step simplifies the process, reduces the production cost, and has high application value.
  • the lithium-rich compound and the positive active material in the positive electrode material layer can extract lithium ions into the negative electrode during the charging process, so that the negative electrode can be free from pre-intercalation of lithium, so that the manufacturing process of the hybrid capacitor is simple and the cost is low; meanwhile, the energy density and rate are improved.
  • the rate performance includes room temperature rate performance and low temperature rate performance
  • the rate performance includes room temperature rate performance, high temperature rate performance and low temperature rate performance, which can meet the needs of the Internet of Things power supply.
  • the application does not specifically limit the mixing method of the positive electrode slurry in step (1), which can be one-step mixing or step-by-step mixing, for example, it can be divided into two steps, three steps, and four steps, etc. Preparation is required.
  • dry-mixing gaseous substances other than the graphene-based material to obtain a mixed powder, then mixing the graphene-based material with the mixed powder, and finally adding an organic solvent and mixing to obtain a positive electrode slurry.
  • the type of organic solvent is not specifically limited, as long as it is an organic solvent commonly used by those skilled in the art, it is applicable to this application.
  • the cathode current collector in step (2) includes any one of a corrosion current collector, a coated current collector, a pure current collector or a through-hole current collector.
  • the mass fraction of the binder is 1-10%, such as 1%, 3%, 5%, 8%, 9% or 10%, etc. 2-8%.
  • the dispersion liquid described in step (2) further includes a third conductive agent.
  • the temperature of the first baking in step (2) is 60-180°C, such as 60°C, 70°C, 75°C, 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 100°C, 120°C, 140°C , 160°C, 170°C or 180°C, etc., 80-150°C can be selected; if the temperature is lower than 60°C, the organic solvent cannot be dried; if the temperature is higher than 180°C, the pole piece may crack.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer in step (2) is 0.5-10 ⁇ m, for example, it can be 0.5 ⁇ m, 1 ⁇ m, 2 ⁇ m, 4 ⁇ m, 6 ⁇ m, 8 ⁇ m, 9 ⁇ m or 10 ⁇ m, etc., and can be 1-5 ⁇ m; If the thickness is less than 0.5 ⁇ m, the adhesion of the conductive adhesive layer to the powder is too small, which cannot effectively reduce the resistance of the pole piece and prevent the powder from falling off; if the thickness is greater than 10 ⁇ m, the thickness of the pole piece is too large, which is not conducive to improving the energy density of the device.
  • the temperature of the second baking in step (2) is 80-150°C, such as 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C or 150°C. °C, etc., can be selected as 100-130 °C; the temperature is lower than 80 °C, the residual solvent and moisture of the pole piece cannot be taken away; if the temperature is higher than 150 °C, the pole piece is over-baked, and powder may fall off.
  • 80°C, 85°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C or 150°C. °C, etc. can be selected as 100-130 °C; the temperature is lower than 80 °C, the residual solvent and moisture of the pole piece cannot be taken away; if the temperature is higher than 150 °C, the pole piece is over-baked, and powder may fall off.
  • the rolling speed of step (2) is 2-50m/min, such as 2m/min, 5m/min, 10m/min, 20m/min, 25m/min, 30m/min, 35m/min , 40m/min, 45m/min, 48m/min or 50m/min, etc. If the speed is less than 2m/min, the production efficiency of the pole piece is low; if the speed is greater than 50m/min, the bonding layer and the slurry cannot be well bond.
  • the rolling method in step (2) is cold pressing and/or hot pressing.
  • the temperature of the cold pressing is 0-45°C, for example, 0°C, 5°C, 10°C, 15°C, 20°C, 30°C, 40°C or 45°C, etc.
  • the temperature of the hot pressing is 60-270°C, such as 60°C, 70°C, 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 140°C, 160°C, 180°C , 190°C, 200°C, 230°C, 250°C or 270°C, etc., optional 80-250°C; the temperature is lower than 60°C, the adhesive in the hot-melt adhesive layer cannot be hot-melted, which is not conducive to bonding force; the structure of the adhesive may be damaged when the temperature is higher than 270°C.
  • the manner of the third baking in step (2) includes vacuum baking.
  • the vacuum degree of the vacuum baking is 5-200Pa, such as 5Pa, 10Pa, 15Pa, 20Pa, 50Pa, 80Pa, 100Pa, 150Pa, 180Pa or 200Pa, etc.
  • the temperature of the third baking in step (2) is 80-150°C, such as 80°C, 90°C, 100°C, 110°C, 120°C, 130°C, 135°C, 140°C, 145°C or 150°C, etc.
  • the time of the third baking in step (2) is 10-60min, for example, it can be 10min, 10min, 20min, 30min, 40min, 50min or 60min, etc.
  • the controlled environment temperature is 20-30°C and the humidity is 3-40%, for example, the temperature can be 20°C, 22°C, 25°C, 26°C, 28°C or 30°C etc., the humidity can be 3%, 5%, 8%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% or 40%, etc.
  • the mass fraction of the negative electrode active material is 40-45%, for example, 40%, 41%, 42% or 45%, etc.;
  • the mass fraction of the binder is 1.2-3%, for example, 1.2%, 1.5%, 1.8%, 2%, 2.5% or 3%, etc.;
  • the mass fraction of the conductive agent is 1.5-3%, for example, 1.5%, 1.8 %, 2.1%, 2.4%, 2.7% or 3%, etc.;
  • the mass fraction of weak acid is 0.1-0.2%, for example, 0.1%, 0.12%, 0.14% or 0.2%, etc.;
  • the mass fraction of alcohol is 0.2-0.3%, For example, 0.2%, 0.2%, 0.24% or 0.3%, etc.;
  • the mass fraction of the solvent is 45-60%, for example, 45%, 50%, 5% or 60%, etc.
  • the present application provides a use of the capacitor described in the first aspect in the field of Industrial Internet of Things.
  • the capacitor provided by the present application through the use of the sealing device, achieves a fully-sealed sealing performance of ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 10 -6 Pa ⁇ m 2 /s (helium mass spectrometry), has good sealing performance, and can operate at 85°C & 85°C Storage under %RH conditions;
  • the bonding layer of the positive electrode sheet is arranged to improve the combination of the positive electrode materials and the positive electrode current collector, and the conductive agent can build a three-dimensional conductive network, improve the conductivity, and is conducive to lithium ions
  • the lithium-rich oxide and the positive active material provide lithium ions into the negative electrode during the charging process, and perform lithium intercalation behavior, realizing the negative electrode pre-lithiation-free, high energy density, wide operating temperature range and high-rate charge-discharge performance;
  • alcohol is used in the negative electrode to reduce the polarity of the binder, improve the compatibility of the negative electrode active material and the binder, and at the same time catalyze the network crosslinking of the binder to improve the viscosity
  • the junction strength makes the surface of the prepared capacitor negative electrode evenly dispersed, and the peeling force is high ( ⁇ 0.09N).
  • FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of the structure of the capacitor provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a sealing device for a capacitor provided by the present application.
  • FIG. 3 is an enlarged partial cross-sectional view of a capacitor sealing device provided by the present application.
  • the present application provides a capacitor as shown in FIG. 1 , the capacitor includes a casing 10 , a battery cell located in the casing 10 , and a sealing device located at the opening of the casing 10 , so The sealing device is connected to the cell.
  • the sealing device includes a pole 3, and the outer circumference of the pole 3 is sleeved with a metal ring 4 and an insulating member 5 sequentially from top to bottom.
  • the insulating member 5 is radially provided with a groove opening outward, and the cover plate 1 is provided in the groove.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the pole 3 is provided with a first annular engaging surface from the top downward
  • the inner peripheral surface of the metal ring 4 is provided with a second annular engaging surface downward from the top
  • the first annular engaging surface is matched with the second annular engaging surface. engagement, the first annular engagement surface and the second annular engagement surface are fixedly connected by fusion welding after mating engagement.
  • the meshing structure is formed by the mutual cooperation of the first annular meshing surface and the second annular meshing surface.
  • the metal ring 4, the pole 3, the insulating member 5 and the cover plate 1 cooperate with each other to improve the sealing performance of the sealing device, and at the same time realize the
  • the full sealing of the capacitor, the full sealing performance of the capacitor ⁇ 1.0 ⁇ 10-6Pa ⁇ m 2 /s (helium mass spectrometry), can be stored under the conditions of 85°C & 85%RH, and meets the requirements of the industrial Internet of Things power supply.
  • first annular engaging surface and the second annular engaging surface are both stepped structures. Further, the order of the first annular engaging surface is greater than or equal to 1, and the order of the second annular engaging surface is equal to the order of the first annular engaging surface.
  • the step-type multiple welding can further strengthen the sealing effect and improve the sealing performance of the sealing device.
  • this specific embodiment does not limit the specific shape and structure of the first annular meshing surface and the second annular meshing surface. It is optional but not limited to a stepped meshing structure. Of course, it can be understood that other forms of meshing Structures are also applicable to the present application, such as: inter-matching curved surfaces (wave-shaped), saw-toothed and other meshing structures.
  • the pole 3 includes a cylinder and a base fixed on the bottom of the cylinder, and the pole 3 and the base are integrally formed in an inverted T shape.
  • the upper end surface of the base is provided with an annular protrusion
  • the lower end surface of the insulating member 5 is provided with an annular groove matching the position of the annular protrusion.
  • the mutual cooperation between the annular protrusion and the annular groove forms a tightly combined meshing structure, which can enhance the sealing effect and further improve the sealing performance between the pole 3 and the insulating part 5 .
  • the annular protrusions defined in the present application may be a complete circle of annular protrusions, or may be an annular shape surrounded by several protrusions distributed at intervals.
  • the number of the above-mentioned annular protrusions is not particularly limited, and the annular protrusions may be continuous or spaced.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the base is provided with a first annular protrusion on the side close to the insulating member 5 , and a first connecting piece is disposed along the outer circumference of the first annular protrusion.
  • the base is fixed to the insulating member 5 through the first connecting piece.
  • the first connector is optionally used for welding and fixing.
  • the lower end face of the base is connected to the cell, and the optional connection methods include laser welding, ultrasonic welding or twist welding.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the metal ring 4 is provided with a second annular protrusion on the side close to the insulating member 5 , and a second connecting piece is arranged along the outer circumference of the second annular protrusion.
  • the metal ring 4 is fixedly connected to the insulating member 5 through the second connecting piece.
  • the sealing effect between the metal ring 4 and the insulating member 5 can be further improved by arranging the second connecting piece at the connection between the metal ring 4 and the outer edge of the insulating member 5 .
  • the fixed connection method of the metal ring 4 and the insulating member 5 includes welding.
  • the second connector is optionally used to weld and fix the metal ring 4 and the insulating member 5.
  • the second connector may not be used, and the metal ring 4 and the insulating member 5 can be directly welded;
  • a second annular protrusion should be provided at the contact position, and the second connecting piece should be arranged around the second annular protrusion.
  • the outer peripheral surface of the insulating member 5 is provided with a third annular protrusion on the side close to the cover plate 1, and a third connecting piece is arranged along the outer circumference of the third annular protrusion.
  • the insulating member 5 is fixed to the cover plate 1 through the third connecting piece.
  • the provision of a third connecting piece at the connection between the board 1 and the outer edge of the insulating member 5 can further improve the sealing effect between the cover plate 1 and the insulating member 5 .
  • the fixing method of the cover plate 1 and the insulating member 5 includes welding.
  • the cover plate 1 and the insulating member 5 can be welded and fixed by using the third connecting piece, of course, the cover plate 1 and the insulating member 5 can be welded directly without using the third connecting piece;
  • a third annular projection should be provided at the contact position, and the third connecting piece should be arranged around the third annular projection.
  • first connector the second connector and the third connector are not subject to specific requirements or special restrictions, and can be made of metal.
  • the connector can play a sealing effect, it is commonly used by those skilled in the art. All connectors are applicable to this application.
  • the thickness of the part of the cover plate 1 extending into the groove of the insulating part is greater than that of the rest of the cover plate 1 , and the upper end surface of the cover plate 1 is flush with the upper end surface of the casing 10 .
  • a peripheral edge of the cover plate 1 is provided with an outer edge folded in the direction of the opening of the casing 10 , the outer edge is fitted with the opening of the casing 10 , and the height of the outer edge is 0.02-0.08 mm.
  • the outer edge of the cover plate 1 can better fit with the opening of the casing 10, which is beneficial to the improvement of the sealing performance, especially the connection by welding.
  • the sealing device further includes a dummy cover 2 , which is arranged on the upper end face of the pole 3 and is connected to the pole 3 and the metal ring 4 respectively.
  • the battery core includes a positive electrode sheet 11, a separator 8 and a negative electrode sheet 9, the separator 8 is located between the positive electrode sheet 11 and the negative electrode sheet 9, and the positive electrode sheet 11 includes a positive electrode current collector and a bonding layer and an adhesive layer on the surface of the positive electrode current collector.
  • the positive electrode current collector contains an empty foil area, and the positive electrode tab 6 is welded to the empty foil area.
  • the negative electrode sheet 9 includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode material layer located on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode current collector contains an empty foil area, and the negative electrode tab 7 is welded to the empty foil area.
  • the above-mentioned empty foil regions of the positive and negative current collectors can also be used directly as tabs without the need for additional soldered conductors as tabs.
  • the binder layer includes a first binder
  • the positive electrode material layer includes a second binder, a conductive agent, a positive electrode active material and a lithium-rich compound.
  • the thickness of the adhesive layer can be selected to be 0.5-10 ⁇ m.
  • the conductive agent includes a first conductive agent and a second conductive agent, the first conductive agent includes at least one of graphite powder, conductive carbon black or acetylene black, and the conductive carbon black includes small particle conductive carbon black with a particle size of 10-200nm And/or large particle conductive carbon black with a particle size of 1-30 ⁇ m.
  • the second conductive agent includes at least one of a graphene-based material and a one-dimensional carbon material; wherein the graphene-based material includes any one or a combination of at least two of graphene, graphene oxide, or doped graphene,
  • One-dimensional carbon materials include carbon nanotubes and/or carbon fibers.
  • Positive active materials include lithium-containing positive active materials and carbon-based positive active materials, wherein lithium-containing positive active materials include lithium cobaltate, lithium nickelate, lithium manganate, lithium iron phosphate, nickel-cobalt-manganese ternary material, nickel-cobalt Any one or a combination of at least two of the aluminum ternary material or the nickel-cobalt-manganese-aluminum quaternary material.
  • the carbon-based positive electrode active material includes any one or a combination of at least two of activated carbon, graphene, doped graphene or porous biomass carbon.
  • the mass ratio of the graphene-based material and the one-dimensional carbon material is (1-2):(3-6), and the first binder and the second binder are fusible fluorocarbon resins.
  • the first binder and the second binder are independently selected from any one or a combination of at least two of PVDF, PTFE or PFA;
  • the lithium-rich compound includes Li 2 NiO 2 , Li 5 FeO 4 , Li 3 N, Any one or a combination of at least two of Li 2 O, Li 2 O 2 or M/lithium fluoride composite, wherein M includes any one or a combination of at least two of Co, Ni or Fe, and can be Any one or a combination of at least two of Li 2 NiO 2 , Li 3 N or M/lithium fluoride complex is selected.
  • the adhesive layer further includes a third conductive agent, and the third conductive agent can be selected as conductive carbon black.
  • the total mass fraction of the first binder and the second binder is 2-10% based on the total mass of the bonding layer and the positive electrode material layer as 100%. Based on the total mass of the bonding layer and the positive electrode material layer as 100%, the mass fraction of the first conductive agent is 1-6%. Based on the total mass of the bonding layer and the positive electrode material layer as 100%, the total mass fraction of the graphene-based material and the one-dimensional carbon material is 0.5-3%.
  • the mass ratio of the third conductive agent to the first binder may be (1-5):1.
  • the mass fraction of the lithium-containing positive electrode active material is 5-80%. Based on the total mass of the bonding layer and the positive electrode material layer as 100%, the mass fraction of the carbon-based positive electrode active material is 10-90%. Based on the total mass of the binder and the positive electrode material layer as 100%, the mass fraction of the positive electrode active material is 85%-95%. The mass ratio of the lithium-containing positive electrode active material and the carbon-based positive electrode active material is 1:0.5-1.5. Based on the total mass of the bonding layer and the positive electrode material layer as 100%, the mass fraction of the lithium-rich compound is 2-30%.
  • the negative electrode sheet 9 includes a negative electrode current collector and a negative electrode material layer on the surface of the negative electrode current collector.
  • the negative electrode material layer includes a binder, a conductive agent, and a negative electrode active material.
  • the negative electrode active material in the negative electrode material layer includes any one or a combination of at least two of graphite, amorphous carbon, silicon carbon, silicon oxide, lithium titanate, graphene, tin oxide or tin alloy.
  • the binder in the negative electrode material layer includes any one or a combination of at least two of PVDF, PTFE or acrylonitrile multipolymer.
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing a capacitor according to a specific embodiment, where the capacitor is a hybrid capacitor, and the method includes the following steps:
  • the mass fraction of graphite powder is 4%
  • the mass fraction of activated carbon is 40wt%
  • the mass fraction of lithium cobalt oxide is 45wt%
  • the mass fraction of lithium-rich compound Li 2 NiO 2 is 5%
  • the mass fraction of graphene and carbon nanotubes The total mass fraction is 1%, and the mass ratio of graphene and carbon nanotubes is 1:4;
  • step (1) and step (2) are all carried out at ambient temperature of 25 ° C and humidity of 5%;
  • the intermediate product obtained in the step (2) is controlled at a rolling speed of 2 m/min, and the temperature is 140 ° C for hot pressing, and at 140 ° C, under the condition that the vacuum degree is 5Pa, bake for 30 min to obtain a positive electrode sheet;
  • the mass fraction of amorphous carbon is 42%
  • the mass fraction of PTFE is 1.4%
  • the mass fraction of conductive carbon black is 2.3%
  • the mass fraction of citric acid is 2.3%.
  • the mass fraction of isobutanol is 0.2%
  • ultrapure water is stirred to obtain a negative electrode slurry with a solid content of 45.7% and a viscosity of 4500cp.
  • the negative electrode slurry is coated on the surface of the copper foil at 110 ° C. Bake for 0.5h to obtain the negative electrode sheet 9;
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing a capacitor according to a specific embodiment, where the capacitor is a hybrid capacitor, and the method includes the following steps:
  • the mass fraction of acetylene black is 1%, the mass fraction of lithium manganate is 84.5 wt%, the mass fraction of graphene is 10 wt%, and the mass fraction of lithium-rich compound Li 3 N is 2%.
  • the mass fraction of graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes is 0.5%, and the mass ratio of graphene oxide and carbon nanotubes is 2:3;
  • step (1) and step (2) are all carried out under the environment temperature is 20 °C, and humidity is 3%;
  • the mass fraction of artificial graphite is 42%
  • the mass fraction of PVDF is 1.4%
  • the mass fraction of carbon fiber is 2.3%
  • the mass fraction of oxalic acid is 0.18 %
  • the mass fraction of isopropanol is 0.2%
  • NMP stirring to obtain a negative electrode slurry with a solid content of 45.7% and a viscosity of 4500cp
  • the negative electrode slurry is coated on the surface of the copper foil, and baked at 110 ° C for 0.5h , to obtain the negative electrode sheet 9;
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing a capacitor according to a specific embodiment, where the capacitor is a hybrid capacitor, and the method includes the following steps:
  • the mass fraction of SP is 3wt%
  • the mass fraction of graphene and carbon nanotubes is 1.5wt%
  • the mass ratio of graphene and carbon nanotubes is 2:4
  • the mass fraction of NCM811 is 35wt%
  • the mass fraction of carbon fibers is 45wt%
  • the mass fraction of Li 2 O is 10.5%.
  • step (1) and step (2) are all carried out at ambient temperature of 25 ° C and humidity of 5%;
  • step (3) controlling the rolling speed of the positive electrode sheet obtained in the step (2) at 25 m/min, and performing hot pressing at a temperature of 150° C., and baking at 120° C. under the condition of a vacuum degree of 100 Pa for 20 min to obtain the positive electrode sheet 11;
  • the mass fraction of natural graphite is 42%
  • the mass fraction of LA132 is 1.4%
  • the mass fraction of carbon nanotubes is 2.3%
  • the mass fraction of acetic acid is 0.1%
  • the mass fraction of ethylene glycol is 0.2% and NMP is stirred to obtain a negative electrode slurry with a solid content of 45.7% and a viscosity of 6000cp.
  • the negative electrode slurry is coated on the surface of the copper foil, and baked at 110 ° C for 0.5h to obtain negative electrode sheet 9;
  • the positive electrode sheet 11 and the negative electrode sheet 9 are separated by the separator 8, and the cell is obtained by winding, and then put into the outer casing 10, injected with lithium ion electrolyte, and sealed with a sealing device to obtain the capacitor.
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing a capacitor according to a specific embodiment, where the capacitor is a hybrid capacitor, and the method includes the following steps:
  • the mass fraction of acetylene black is 2%
  • the mass fraction of porous biomass carbon is 10wt%
  • the mass fraction of LiNi 0.85 Al 0.075 Mn 0.075 O 2 is 50 wt%
  • the mass fraction of lithium-rich compound Co/lithium fluoride composite is 25%
  • the mass fraction of graphene and carbon nanotubes is 2%
  • the mass ratio of graphene and carbon nanotubes is 1:6;
  • step (1) Coat the surface of the current collector with a dispersion of 3% PTFE and acetylene black, bake at 180° C. to prepare an adhesive layer, and control the thickness of the adhesive layer to be 3 ⁇ m, and then step (1)
  • the positive electrode slurry obtained in the process is coated on the surface of the bonding layer, and baked at 150 ° C to obtain an intermediate product;
  • step (1) and step (2) are all carried out under the environment temperature is 30 °C, and humidity is 40%;
  • step (3) controlling the rolling speed of the positive electrode sheet obtained in the step (2) at 50 m/min, at a temperature of 200° C. to perform hot pressing, and at 150° C., under the condition of a vacuum of 60 Pa, bake for 10 min to obtain a positive electrode sheet;
  • the mass fraction of artificial graphite is 42 wt %
  • the mass fraction of PVDF is 1.42 wt %
  • the mass fraction of carbon fiber is 2.3 wt %
  • the mass fraction of oxalic acid is 2.3 wt %.
  • 0.18wt% and the mass fraction of isopropanol is 0.2wt% and NMP
  • the positive electrode sheet 11 and the negative electrode sheet 9 are separated by the separator 8, and the cell is obtained by winding, and then put into the outer casing 10, injected with lithium ion electrolyte, and sealed with a sealing device to obtain the capacitor.
  • This embodiment provides a method for preparing a capacitor according to a specific embodiment, where the capacitor is a hybrid capacitor, and the method includes the following steps:
  • the mass fraction of SP is 1%
  • the mass fraction of LiNi 0.85 Al 0.075 Mn 0.075 O 2 is 5 wt %
  • the mass fraction of porous biomass carbon is 87 wt %
  • the mass fraction of lithium-rich compounds is 3 wt %
  • graphene and carbon The mass fraction of nanotubes is 1wt%, and the mass ratio of graphene and carbon nanotubes is 2:5;
  • step (1) Coat the surface of the current collector with a dispersion liquid of PTFE and SP with a mass fraction of 1%, bake at 180° C. to prepare an adhesive layer, and control the thickness of the adhesive layer to be 10 ⁇ m, and then add the step (1) in step (1).
  • the obtained positive electrode slurry is coated on the surface of the adhesive layer, and baked at 150° C. to obtain an intermediate product;
  • step (1) and step (2) are all carried out under the environment temperature is 30 °C, and humidity is 40%;
  • step (3) controlling the rolling speed of the positive electrode sheet obtained in the step (2) at 50 m/min, at a temperature of 270° C. to perform hot pressing, and at 150° C., under the condition of a vacuum degree of 180 Pa, bake for 10 min to obtain a positive electrode sheet;
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the hot pressing in step (3) is replaced by cold pressing at 5°C.
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the hot pressing in step (3) is replaced by cold pressing at 40°C.
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the total mass ratio of lithium cobalt oxide and activated carbon is the same as that of Example 1, which is 85%, and the mass ratio of lithium cobalt oxide to activated carbon is 2.5:1.
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the total mass ratio of lithium cobalt oxide and activated carbon is the same as that of Example 1, which is 85%, and the mass ratio of lithium cobalt oxide to activated carbon is 2:8.
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that in the preparation method provided in this example, the lithium-rich compound Li 2 NiO 2 is not added, and the mass ratio of the remaining substances in the positive electrode material layer is kept unchanged.
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the preparation method provided in this example does not add activated carbon, but replaces it with an equivalent amount of lithium cobalt oxide.
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the preparation method provided in this example does not add a mixture of graphene and carbon nanotubes, but replaces it with an equivalent amount of graphite powder.
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the difference is that no binder layer is provided, and the content of binder in the positive electrode material layer is kept the same as the total amount of the first binder and the second binder in Example 1.
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that oxalic acid is not used in step (4).
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that no isopropanol is used in step (4).
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that oxalic acid and isopropanol are not used in step (4).
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the sealing device 3 of CN103078069A is used as the sealing device of the capacitor.
  • Example 1 Compared with Example 1, the only difference is that the sealing device of the capacitor uses the sealing device of the traditional sealing design.
  • the capacitors of the above-mentioned embodiments and comparative examples were tested for sealing, energy density, and -50°C low temperature, and the test methods were as follows:
  • Rate test Put the hybrid capacitor in an environment of 25°C, charge the Xinwei 5V5A precision discharge cabinet with 5mA constant current and constant voltage to 3.68V, and the cut-off current is 0.5mA; leave it for 5min, 500C rate, pulse discharge for 1s, record the lowest voltage, and end.
  • -50°C low temperature test put the hybrid capacitor in the environment of -50°C, charge the 5V5A precision discharge cabinet with 5mA constant current and constant voltage to 3.68V, and the cut-off current is 0.5mA; transfer the hybrid capacitor to the high and low temperature box and let it stand at -50°C for 6h , 150C rate pulse for 0.1s, record the lowest voltage, end.
  • the negative electrode sheet 9 in each embodiment and the comparative example is tested for peeling force and film resistivity, and the test method is as follows:
  • Negative strip peeling force test Fix the pole piece of a certain size on the stainless steel plate with 3M double-sided tape, in which the pressure-sensitive 3M-VHB double-sided tape is attached to the surface of the electrode, and the other side is attached to the stainless steel plate.
  • the fluid was fixed on the two clamps of the tensile tester, and then a 180-degree peel test was performed at a speed of 10 mm/min and a load of 10 N, until the current collector was completely peeled off and the test was stopped.
  • Negative sheet membrane resistivity test The membrane resistance of each of the above examples and comparative examples was tested by the four-probe method, wherein the coating thickness was uniformly controlled at 40 ⁇ m.
  • the voltage of 25°C&500C indicates the lowest voltage tested under the condition of 25°C and the current of 500C
  • the voltage of -50°C&150C indicates the lowest voltage of the test under the condition of -50°C and the current of 150C.
  • the batteries prepared in the examples and comparative examples of the present application are of the same model (15500), and the higher the capacity, the higher the energy density.
  • Example 1 It can be seen from Example 1, Example 8 and Example 9 that the addition amount of lithium-containing positive electrode active material and carbon-based active material has an important influence on the capacity, room temperature rate performance and low temperature rate performance of the material, and lithium-containing
  • the mass ratio of the positive electrode active material and the carbon-based positive electrode active material is in the optional range of 1:0.5-1.5, which can better take into account the effects of the above two aspects;
  • Example 10 Combining Example 1 and Example 10, it can be seen that the positive electrode of Example 10 does not contain Li 2 NiO 2 , and the capacity, room temperature rate performance and low temperature rate performance all decrease. , which helps to improve the energy density, room temperature rate performance (25°C&500C voltage (V)) and low temperature rate performance (-50°C&150C voltage) of hybrid capacitors.
  • V room temperature rate performance
  • 50°C&150C voltage 50°C&150C voltage
  • Example 11 (4) Combining Example 1 and Example 11, it can be seen that the positive active materials of Example 11 are all lithium cobalt oxide, although the capacity is high, but the rate performance is poor, which shows that the positive electrode contains activated carbon and lithium cobalt oxide. , which is helpful for hybrid capacitors to have good energy density, room temperature rate performance and low temperature rate performance.
  • Example 12 It can be seen from the synthesis of Example 1 and Example 12 that the positive electrode of Example 12 does not contain a mixture of graphene and carbon nanotubes, but is replaced by graphite powder, resulting in a decrease in capacity, room temperature rate performance and low temperature rate performance, which is determined by This shows that the positive electrode contains a mixture of graphene and carbon nanotubes, which helps to improve the energy density, room temperature rate capability, and low temperature rate capability of the hybrid capacitor.
  • Example 13 Combining Example 1 and Example 13, it can be seen that the bonding layer is not provided in Example 13, which leads to a decrease in the rate performance at room temperature and the rate performance at low temperature. This shows that the bonding between the positive electrode material layer and the current collector The layer helps to improve the room temperature rate capability and low temperature rate capability of the hybrid capacitor.
  • Example 1 Combining Example 1 and Examples 14-16, it can be seen that an appropriate amount of weak acid and alcohol is added to the negative electrode of Example 1, which improves the peeling force of the negative electrode and reduces the resistivity of the negative electrode sheet. This is because the weak acid strengthens the electrode material.
  • the bonding effect with the current collector reduces the internal resistance of the pole piece; the alcohol improves the compatibility of the negative electrode active material and the binder, and at the same time catalyzes the network cross-linking of the binder to improve the bonding strength, and the surface of the negative electrode piece is obtained. evenly dispersed;
  • Example 1 is better than that of Comparative Examples 1-2. This is because the sealing cover group designed in the present application is adopted, and the stepped multi-welding improves the sealing performance. performance.
  • the capacitor provided by the present application through the use of the sealing device, achieves full sealing, the sealing performance is less than 1.0 ⁇ 10 -6 Pa ⁇ m 2 /s (helium mass spectrometry), has good sealing performance, and can be stored at 85° C. & Storage under 85%RH conditions; the preparation method of the capacitor provided by this application improves the extreme working temperature performance of the capacitor through the improvement of the positive electrode and/or the negative electrode, and can discharge at a large rate at -50 ⁇ 125 °C, so that the prepared Capacitors have high energy density and wide operating temperature range to meet the needs of the Industrial Internet of Things.

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Abstract

电容器及其制备方法和用途，电容器包括外壳（10）、位于外壳（10）内的电芯以及位于外壳（10）开口处的密封器件，密封器件与电芯连接并包括极柱（3），极柱（3）外周由上至下依次套设有金属圆环（4）和绝缘部件（5）；极柱（3）的外周面由顶部向下设置有第一环形啮合面；金属圆环（4）的内周面由顶部向下设置有第二环形啮合面，第一与第二环形啮合面匹配啮合；绝缘部件（5）沿径向设置有开口向外的凹槽，凹槽内设置有盖板（1）。

Description

一种电容器及其制备方法和用途 技术领域
本申请属于电容器技术领域，涉及一种电容器及其制备方法和用途。
背景技术
随着化学电源技术的发展，电容器技术将二次电池和超级电容器进行“内部交叉”，兼具功率密度和能量密度高、循环寿命长、充放电效率高和安全性高等特性。但是随着社会的发展，人们对电容器的能量密度、工作温度范围、可靠性和安全性提出了更高的要求。
目前，锂离子电容器已实现商业化，但是能量密度受限，只有8-10Wh/kg，并且市场上绝大多数锂离子电容只能实现-30℃-60℃放电；此外，大多数锂离子电容器采用的束腰结构，在85℃&85％RH条件下储存易发生泄露，不能满足工业物联网电源的需求。电极配方和密封性作为影响器件性能的重要环节，成为目前研究的重点。
CN10763957A公开了一种锂离子电容器的制备方法及锂离子电容器，制备方法包括如下步骤：正极片的制作：将正极活性物质、导电剂、粘结剂，并压延成正极电极膜，再将正极电极膜与第一集流体复合并干燥，形成正极片；负极片的制作：将负极活性物质、导电剂、粘结剂，并压延成负极电极膜，再将负极电极膜与第二集流体复合并干燥，形成负极片；预置锂源：将锂源浆料涂覆于正极片表面，并依次经烘干、碾压、裁片、真空干燥，制作成预置锂源复合正极片；锂离子电容器的制作：将预置锂源复合正极片、隔离膜、负极片制成电芯，将电芯装入壳体，注入电解液，制成锂离子电容器；锂离子电容器激活：将锂离子电容器激活，并搁置老化，获得锂离子电容器。该发明虽然提高锂离子电容器的能量密度，但是工艺复杂，制造成本高。
CN20763945U公开了一种高密封型超级电容器，包括超级电容器主体，所述超级电容器主体上方固定连接有两个外接头，所述超级电容器主体外部固定安装有包围超级电容器主体四个面的保护壳，所述保护壳镶嵌安装且粘接有关于保护壳中心线对称的两个第一缓冲板和两个第二缓冲板，所述第一缓冲板包括中空板、弹性块、橡胶板、折叠带和第一铝板，所述中空板上端活动安装有弹性块，两个弹性块之间通过橡胶板固定连接为一体，所述第二缓冲板包括泡沫块、塑料板、弹性板和第二铝板。该高密封型超级电容器，第一缓冲板和第二缓冲板在电容器使用时，可降低电容器对保护壳的损坏，以提高密封性，电容器故障爆炸时还起到缓冲作用，但是其不能通过85℃&85％RH 192h存储测试。
CN103078069A公开了一种锂离子电池电容器用密封件，包括上压环、盖板、绝缘垫片 以及极耳压环，还包括密封胶与十字形的极柱，上压环、盖板、极耳压环各设置有一个通孔且三个通孔的中心轴相同，密封胶与盖板的通孔及盖板上下表面为注塑一体结构，且密封胶设置有与盖板的通孔中心轴相同的通孔，极柱包括极柱大头，极柱小头、以及与极柱大头、极柱小头为一体结构的极柱横板，极柱大头贯穿密封胶上的通孔以及上压环上的通孔，并与上压环铆接，极柱小头贯穿、极耳压环上的通孔并与极耳压环铆接，极柱横板与密封胶的底面贴附连接。本发明用密封胶密封盖板与极柱，并利用铆接方式将极柱与上压环、盖板密封，从而实现全密封，提高密封性，然而在现实使用过程中，其密封效果有待加强。
基于上述文献的研究，如何开发一种满足工业物联网电源应用，密封性能好、能量密度高、倍率性能好、工作温度范围宽的电容器，成为亟待解决的问题。
发明内容
本申请的目的包括提供一种电容器及其制备方法和用途。所述电容器的密封性能好，能量密度高，能够在-50～125℃下大倍率放电，同时能够在85℃&85％RH条件下储存，满足工业物联网电源的需求。
为达此目的，本申请采用以下技术方案：
第一方面，本申请提供一种电容器，尤其是一种混合电容器，所述电容器包括外壳、位于所述外壳内的电芯以及位于所述外壳开口处的密封器件，所述密封器件与电芯连接。
所述密封器件包括极柱，所述极柱外周由上至下依次套设有金属圆环和绝缘部件。
所述极柱的外周面由顶部向下设置有第一环形啮合面；所述金属圆环的内周面由顶部向下设置有第二环形啮合面，所述第一环形啮合面与第二环形啮合面匹配啮合。
所述绝缘部件沿径向设置有开口向外的凹槽，所述凹槽内设置有盖板。
本申请中，所述密封器件在极柱外周设置有第一环形啮合面，在金属圆环内周设置有第二环形啮合面，通过第一环形啮合面和第二环形啮合面的相互配合形成啮合结构，从而加强密封效果，提升所述密封器件的密封性。所述金属圆环、极柱、绝缘部件和盖板的相互配合，提升密封器件的密封性能，同时实现所述电容器的全密封，所述电容器的全密封性＜1.0×10 -6Pa·m 2/s(氦质谱)，能够在85℃&85％RH条件下储存，满足工业物联网电源的需求。
需要说明的是，本申请不限定第一环形啮合面和第二环形啮合面的具体形状结构，可选地但不限于为阶梯形的啮合结构，当然可以理解的是，其他形式的啮合结构也同样适用于本申请，例如：相互配合的曲面形(波浪式)，锯齿形等啮合结构。
本申请中，对所述电容器的种类不作具体的限定，可以是双电层电容器，也可以是混合电容器，只要是本领域技术人员公知的种类，均适用于本申请。
本申请中，对凹槽的设置方法不作特殊的限定，可以是激光构造，也可以是注塑成型，只要是本领域技术人员常用的方法，均适用于本申请。
作为本申请一种可选的技术方案，所述极柱的材质包括氧化还原电位比铁高的金属和/或合金，可选为铝、钼、铝合金或钼合金中的任意一种或至少两种的组合，进一步可选为铝合金和/或钼合金。
在本申请中，所述极柱采用耐电解腐蚀的金属和/或合金材质，提高电导率，进一步可选为铝合金和/或钼合金，所述铝合金和/或钼合金属于复合极柱，耐氧化，电位高。
可选地，所述绝缘部件的材质包括绝缘陶瓷、绝缘漆或云母中的任意一种或至少两种的组合，可选为绝缘陶瓷。
可选地，所述金属圆环的材质包括铝合金、不锈钢合金或钼合金中的任意一种或至少两种的组合，可选为304不锈钢合金、316不锈钢合金或316L不锈钢合金中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
作为本申请一种可选的技术方案，所述极柱包括柱体以及固定于所述柱体底部的底座。
可选地，所述的柱体与底座一体成型。
在本申请中，柱体与底座固定后呈倒T形一体成型，能够提高极柱与金属圆环、绝缘部件之间的啮合，进一步提升密封性能。
可选地，所述底座的上端面设置有环形凸起，所述绝缘部件的下端面设置有与所述环形凸起位置匹配的环形凹槽。
在本申请中，环形凸起与环形凹槽的相互配合，形成紧密结合的啮合结构，可以加强密封效果，进一步提升极柱与绝缘部件之间的密封性能。需要说明的是，本申请对上述环形凸起的个数不做特别的限定，同时该环形凸起可以是连续的也可以是间隔设置。
可选地，所述的底座外周面靠近绝缘部件一侧设置有第一环形凸起，沿第一环形凸起外周设置有第一连接件，所述的底座通过所述的第一连接件与绝缘部件固定。
在本申请中，通过在底座与绝缘部件外边缘的连接处设置第一连接件能够进一步提升底座与绝缘部件之间的密封效果。需要说明的是，本申请可选采用第一连接件焊接固定，当然也可以不采用第一连接件，直接将底座与绝缘部件焊接固定。如果采用第一连接件的固定方式，那么应在底座与绝缘部件的接触位置设置第一环形凸起结构，第一连接件围绕第一环形凸起设置。
可选地，所述底座与绝缘部件的固定方式包括焊接和/或粘接。
在本申请中，底座与绝缘部件通过多重连接实现密封，进一步提升电容器的密封性能。
可选地，所述底座的下端面与电芯连接，所述连接方式可选包括激光焊接、超声焊接或扭曲焊接中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
作为本申请一种可选的技术方案，所述的第一环形啮合面和第二环形啮合面均为阶梯形结构。
在本申请中，第一环形啮合面和第二环形啮合面相互配合后形成阶梯形啮合结构，台阶式的多重焊接可以加强密封效果。
可选地，所述的第一环形啮合面的阶数≥1，例如可以是2、3、4、6、8或10等，可选为1-10。
可选地，所述的第二环形啮合面的阶数≥1，例如可以是2、3、4、6、8或10等，可选为1-10。
可选地，所述第二环形啮合面的阶数与所述第一环形啮合面的阶数相等。
可选地，所述的第一环形啮合面与第二环形啮合面匹配啮合后通过熔融焊接的方式固定连接。
可选地，所述的金属圆环外周面靠近绝缘部件一侧设置有第二环形凸起，沿第二环形凸起外周设置有第二连接件，所述的金属圆环通过第二连接件与绝缘部件固定连接。
在本申请中，通过在金属圆环与绝缘部件外边缘的连接处设置第二连接件能够进一步提升金属圆环与绝缘部件之间的密封效果。需要说明的是，本申请可选采用第二连接件焊接固定，当然也可以不采用第二连接件，直接将金属圆环与绝缘部件焊接固定。如果采用第二连接件的固定方式，那么应在金属圆环与绝缘部件的接触位置设置第二环形凸起，第二连接件围绕第二环形凸起设置。
可选地，所述金属圆环与绝缘部件的固定连接方式包括焊接。
可选地，所述绝缘部件与极柱的固定连接方式包括焊接。
可选地，所述的绝缘部件外周面靠近盖板一侧设置有第三环形凸起，沿第三环形凸起外周设置有第三连接件，所述的绝缘部件通过第三连接件与盖板固定。
需要说明的是，绝缘部件与盖板的连接包括绝缘部件的两侧面分别与盖板上端面和盖板下端面接触。
可选地，伸入所述绝缘部件凹槽内的部分盖板的厚度大于其余部分盖板的厚度。
在本申请中，通过在盖板与绝缘部件外边缘的连接处设置第三连接件能够进一步提升盖板与绝缘部件之间的密封效果。需要说明的是，本申请可选采用第三连接件焊接固定，当然也可以不采用第三连接件，直接将绝缘部件与盖板焊接固定。如果采用第三连接件的固定方 式，那么应在绝缘部件与盖板的接触位置设置第三环形凸起，第三连接件围绕第三环形凸起设置。
需要说明的是，本申请对第一连接件、第二连接件和第三连接件的材质不作具体的限定，可以是金属材质，只要能够起到密封效果的连接件，是本领域技术人员常用的连接件，均适用于本申请。
可选地，所述盖板与绝缘部件的固定方式包括焊接。
可选地，所述盖板的上端面与外壳的上端面平齐。
可选地，所述盖板的周向外缘处设置有向外壳开口方向翻折的外沿，所述的外沿与外壳开口处贴合。
在本申请中，通过设置外沿，能够使盖板外缘更好地与外壳开口贴合，有利于密封性能的提升，尤其是方便采用焊接方式的连接。
可选地，所述外沿的高度为0.02-0.08mm，例如可以是0.02mm、0.04mm、0.06mm或0.08mm等。
可选地，所述密封器件还包括假盖，所述假盖设置于极柱的上端面，分别与极柱和金属圆环连接。
作为本申请一种可选的技术方案，所述电芯包括正极片和负极片。
可选地，所述正极包括正极集流体，以及依次位于正极集流体表面的粘结层和正极材料层。
可选地，所述粘结层包括第一粘结剂，所述正极材料层中包括第二粘结剂、导电剂、正极活性物质和富锂化合物。
作为本申请一种可选的技术方案，所述粘结层的厚度为0.5-10μm，例如可以是0.5μm、1μm、2μm、4μm、6μm、8μm、9μm或10μm等，可选为1-5μm。所述厚度小于0.5μm，导电粘结层对粉料的粘结力偏小，不能有效减小极片电阻和防止粉料脱落；厚度大于10μm，则极片厚度偏大，不利于提升器件能量密度。
可选地，所述导电剂中包括第一导电剂和第二导电剂，所述第一导电剂包括石墨粉、导电碳黑或乙炔黑中的至少一种，所述第二导电剂包括石墨烯类材料以及一维碳材料中的至少一种。
在本申请提供的正极材料层中，石墨烯类材料和或一维碳材料构建三维立体导电网络，石墨粉、导电碳黑或乙炔黑中的至少一种粒子分散在导电网络的内部和/或表面，形成完善的导电体系，提升材料的电导率。
可选地，所述正极活性物质包括含锂正极活性物质和碳类正极活性物质。
可选地，所述含锂正极活性物质包括钴酸锂、镍酸锂、锰酸锂、磷酸亚铁锂、镍钴锰三元材料、镍钴铝三元材料或镍钴锰铝四元材料中的任意一种或至少两种的组合，可选为镍酸锂、镍钴锰三元材料、镍钴铝三元材料或镍钴锰铝四元材料中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
可选地，所述碳类正极活性物质包括活性炭、石墨烯、掺杂石墨烯或多孔生物质碳中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
本申请中，所述碳类正极活性物质具有较大的比表面积，一般在1500m 2/g以上，例如1500m 2/g、1600m 2/g、1700m 2/g、1800m 2/g、2000m 2/g或2100m 2/g等)，与含锂正极活性物质混合可实现电容器能量密度的提升。
可选地，所述导电碳黑包括粒径为10-200nm的小颗粒导电碳黑和/或粒径为1-30μm的大颗粒导电碳黑；例如，小颗粒导电碳黑的粒径可以是10nm、15nm、20nm、50nm、80nm、100nm、120nm、150nm、180nm、190nm或200nm等；大颗粒导电碳黑的粒径可以是1μm、3μm、5μm、10μm、15μm、20μm、25μm、28μm或30μm等。
本申请中，对小颗粒导电碳黑或大颗粒导电碳黑的种类，不做具体的限定，可以是SP，只要是本领域技术人员常用的物质，均适用于本申请。
可选地，所述石墨烯类材料包括石墨烯、氧化石墨烯或掺杂石墨烯中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
可选地，所述一维碳材料包括碳纳米管和/或碳纤维。
可选地，所述正极材料层中，石墨烯类材料和一维碳材料的质量比为(1-2):(3-6)，在此可选比率下正极材料层内形成超级导电网络进而获得优异的电导率，所述质量比例如可以是1:3、1:4、1:5、1:6、2:3、2:5或2:6等，若所述质量分数小于1:6，正极构建三维导电网络困难；质量分数大于2:3，石墨烯类材料的分散困难，器件内阻增大。容易理解的是，石墨烯类材料可以是第二导电剂的组成部分，也可以是碳类正极活性物质的组成部分，只要是位于正极材料层中，即计入上述的含量范围内。
可选地，所述第一粘结剂和第二粘结剂为可熔性氟碳树脂。
可选地，所述第一粘结剂和第二粘结剂独立地选自PVDF、PTFE或PFA中的任意一种或至少两种的组合，其中典型但非限制性组合：PVDF和PFA，PFA和PTFE。
可选地，所述富锂化合物包括Li 2NiO 2、Li 5FeO 4、Li 3N、Li 2O、Li 2O 2或M/氟化锂复合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合，其中，M包括Co、Ni或Fe中的任意一种或至少两种的组合，可选为Li 2NiO 2、Li 3N或M/氟化锂复合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。其中典型 但非限制性组合：Li 2NiO 2和Li 5FeO 4，Li 3N和Li 2O，Li 2O和Li 2O 2，Li 3N、Li 2O和Li 2O 2，Li 2NiO 2和Ni/氟化锂复合物，Li 2NiO 2、Li 3N或M/氟化锂复合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
所述“M/氟化锂复合物”为金属M和氟化锂的复合物。
作为本申请一种可选的技术方案，所述粘结剂中还包括第三导电剂，所述第三导电剂可选为导电碳黑。
可选地，以粘结层和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，所述第一粘结剂和第二粘结剂的总质量分数为2-10％，例如可以是2％、3％、5％、6％、8％或10％等。
对于第一粘结剂和第二粘结剂的配比无特定限定，本领域技术人员可根据需要进行选择。
可选地，以粘结层和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，所述第一导电剂的质量分数为1-6％，例如可以是1％、2％、3％、4％、5％或6％等。
可选地，以粘结层和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，所述石墨烯类材料和一维碳材料的总质量分数为0.5-3％，例如可以是0.5％、1％、2％、2.5％或3％等。若所述质量低于0.5％，器件的低温倍率性能受影响；质量高于3％，器件的内阻增大，电性能受影响。容易理解的是，石墨烯类材料可以是第二导电剂的组成部分，也可以是碳类正极活性物质的组成部分，只要是位于正极材料层中，即计入上述的含量范围内。
可选地，所述第三导电剂与第一粘结剂的质量比为(1-5):1，例如可以是1:1、2:1、3:1、4:1或5:1等，可选为(2-4):1。
可选地，以粘结层和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，所述含锂正极活性物质的质量分数为5-80％，例如可以是5％、10％、15％、20％、30％、40％、50％、60％、70％或80％等。
可选地，以粘结层和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，所述碳类正极活性物质的质量分数为10-90％，例如可以是10％、20％、25％、30％、40％、50％、60％、70％、80％或90％等。
可选地，以粘结剂和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，所述正极活性物质的质量分数为85％-95％，例如85％、88％、90％、92％、93％或95％等。
可选地，所述含锂正极活性物质和碳类正极活性物质的质量比为1:0.5-1.5，例如1:0.5、1:0.8、1:0.9、1:1、1:1.2、1:1.3或1:1.5等，可选为1:1-1:1.2。
可选地，以粘结层和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，所述富锂化合物的质量分数2-30％，例如可以是2％、3％、5％、10％、15％、20％、25％或30％等。若所述质量低于2％，器件的容量和放电中值电压偏低；质量高于30％，器件原材料成本增加。
作为本申请一种可选的技术方案，所述负极片包括负极集流体和位于负极集流体表面的负极材料层。
可选地，所述负极材料层包括粘结剂、导电剂和负极活性物质。
可选地，所述负极材料层中的负极活性物质包括石墨、无定形碳、硅碳、硅氧、钛酸锂、石墨烯、氧化锡或锡合金中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
可选地，所述负极材料层中的粘结剂包括PVDF、PTFE或丙烯腈多元共聚物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
第二方面，本申请提供了一种第一方面所述的电容器的制备方法，所述方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将第二粘结剂、导电剂、正极活性物质和富锂化合物混合，得到正极浆料，所述导电剂包括第一导电剂和第二导电剂，所述第一导电剂包括石墨粉、导电碳黑或乙炔黑中的至少一种，所述第二导电剂包括石墨烯类材料以及一维碳材料中的至少一种；
(2)向正极集流体表面涂覆含有第一粘结剂的分散液，进行第一次烘烤，制备粘结层，再将步骤(1)中得到的正极浆料涂覆于所述粘结层表面，进行第二次烘烤，得到中间产品；中间产品进行碾压，第三次烘烤，得到正极片；
(3)将负极活性物质、溶剂、粘结剂、导电剂、弱酸和醇混合，得到负极浆料，向负极集流体表面涂覆负极浆料，烘烤，得到负极片；
所述弱酸包括乙二酸、乙酸或柠檬酸中的任意一种或至少两种的组合；
所述醇包括异丙醇、异丁醇或乙二醇中的任意一种或至少两种的组合；
(4)将所述正极片和负极片制成电芯，装入外壳，注入电解液，使用密封器件进行密封，得到所述的电容器。
本申请提供的制备方法，通过在正极集流体表面涂覆含有第一粘结剂的分散液，然后碾压、烘烤使得正极各物质与集流体的结合更紧密，降低极片内阻，提升大功率充放电性能；第一导电剂和第二导电剂可构建三维立体导电网络；富锂氧化物和正极活性物质在充电过程中提供锂离子进入负极，进行嵌锂行为，使得负极可免于预锂化步骤，简化工艺，降低生产成本，具有较高的应用价值。正极材料层中的富锂化合物和正极活性物质可在充电过程中锂离子脱出进入负极，实现负极免预嵌锂，使得所述混合电容器的制作工艺简单，成本较低；同时提高能量密度和倍率性能，所述倍率性能包括室温倍率性能和低温倍率性能，所述倍率性能包括室温倍率性能、高温倍率性能和低温倍率性能，能够满足物联网电源的需求。
本申请对步骤(1)所述正极浆料的混合方法不作具体限定，可以是一步混合，也可以是 分步混合，例如可以分两步、三步和四步等，本领域技术人员可根据需要进行制备。可选将石墨烯类材料以外的气体物质干混，得到混合粉末，然后将石墨烯类材料与所述混合粉末混合，最后加入有机溶剂混匀，得到正极浆料。本申请中，对有机溶剂的种类不作具体限定，只要是本领域技术人员常用的有机溶剂均适用于本申请。
可选地，步骤(2)所述正极集流体包括腐蚀集流体、涂覆集流体、纯集流体或通孔集流体中的任意一种。
可选地，步骤(2)所述的分散液中，粘结剂的质量分数为1-10％，例如1％、3％、5％、8％、9％或10％等，可选为2-8％。
可选地，步骤(2)所述的分散液中，还包括第三导电剂。
可选地，步骤(2)所述第一次烘烤的温度60-180℃，例如可以是60℃、70℃、75、80℃、85℃、90℃、100℃、120℃、140℃、160℃、170℃或180℃等，可选为80-150℃；所述温度低于60℃，不能将有机溶剂烘干；温度高于180℃，极片可能开裂。
可选地，步骤(2)所述粘结层的厚度为0.5-10μm，例如可以是0.5μm、1μm、2μm、4μm、6μm、8μm、9μm或10μm等，可选为1-5μm；所述厚度小于0.5μm，导电粘结层对粉料的粘结力偏小，不能有效减小极片电阻和防止粉料脱落；厚度大于10μm，则极片厚度偏大，不利于提升器件能量密度。
可选地，步骤(2)所述第二次烘烤的温度80-150℃，例如可以是80℃、85℃、90℃、100℃、110℃、120℃、130℃、140℃或150℃等，可选为100-130℃；所述温度低于80℃，不能将极片残留的溶剂和水分带走；温度高于150℃，极片烘烤过度，可能掉粉。
可选地，步骤(2)所述碾压的速率2-50m/min，例如可以是2m/min、5m/min、10m/min、20m/min、25m/min、30m/min、35m/min、40m/min、45m/min、48m/min或50m/min等，若所述速度小于2m/min，极片生产效率低；速度大于50m/min，不能很好地将粘结层和浆料粘结。
可选地，步骤(2)所述碾压的方式为冷压和/或热压。
可选地，所述冷压的温度0-45℃，例如可以是0℃、5℃、10℃、15℃、20℃、30℃、40℃或45℃等。
可选地，所述热压的温度60-270℃，例如可以是60℃、70℃、80℃、90℃、100℃、110℃、120℃、130℃、140℃、160℃、180℃、190℃、200℃、230℃、250℃或270℃等，可选为80-250℃；所述温度低于60℃，无法热熔粘结层中的粘结剂，不利于产生粘结力；温度高于270℃，粘结剂的结构可能被破坏。
可选地，步骤(2)所述第三次烘烤的方式包括真空烘烤。
可选地，所述真空烘烤的真空度为5-200Pa，例如可以是5Pa、10Pa、15Pa、20Pa、50Pa、80Pa、100Pa、150Pa、180Pa或200Pa等。
可选地，步骤(2)所述第三次烘烤的温度为80-150℃，例如可以是80℃、90℃、100℃、110℃、120℃、130℃、135℃、140℃、145℃或150℃等。
可选地，步骤(2)所述第三次烘烤的时间为10-60min，例如可以是10min、10min、20min、30min、40min、50min或60min等。
可选地，步骤(1)和(2)过程中控制环境温度为20-30℃，湿度3-40％，例如温度可以是20℃、22℃、25℃、26℃、28℃或30℃等，湿度可以是3％、5％、8％、10％、15％、20％、25％、30％、35％或40％等。
可选地，步骤(3)中以所述负极浆料的总质量为100％计，负极活性物质的质量分数为40-45％、例如，40％、41％、42％或45％等；粘结剂的质量分数为1.2-3％，例如，1.2％、1.5％、1.8％、2％、2.5％或3％等；导电剂的质量分数为1.5-3％，例如，1.5％、1.8％、2.1％、2.4％、2.7％或3％等；弱酸的质量分数为0.1-0.2％，例如，0.1％、0.12％、0.14％或0.2％等；醇的质量分数为0.2-0.3％，例如，0.2％、0.2％、0.24％或0.3％等；溶剂的质量分数为45-60％，例如，45％、50％、5％或60％等。
第三方面，本申请提供了一种第一方面所述的电容器在工业物联网领域的用途。
与现有技术相比，本申请至少有以下有益效果：
(1)本申请提供的电容器，通过所述密封器件的使用，实现全密封密封性＜1.0×10 -6Pa·m 2/s(氦质谱)，具有良好的密封性能，能够在85℃&85％RH条件下储存；
(2)本申请提供的电容器的制备方法，通过正极片中粘结层的设置，提高正极各物质和正极集流体的结合，导电剂可构建三维立体导电网络，提高导电性，有利于锂离子的传输，富锂氧化物和正极活性物质在充电过程中提供锂离子进入负极，进行嵌锂行为，实现负极免预锂化，能量密度高，工作温度范围宽和大倍率充放电性能；
(3)本申请提供的电容器的制备方法，负极中使用醇减小粘结剂的极性，提高负极活性物质和粘结剂的相容性，同时催化粘结剂网状交联，提高粘结强度，使得制备得到的电容器负极片表面分散均匀，剥离力高(≥0.09N)；正极片和/或负极片的使用，改善电容器的极限工作温度性能，能够在-50～125℃下大倍率放电，其中，在-50℃下，150C倍率脉冲0.1s，最低电压在1.9V以上，具有长寿命、工作温度范围宽的特性，可满足工业物联网对电源的需求。
附图说明
图1是本申请提供的电容器的结构剖面图。
图2是本申请提供的一种电容器的密封器件剖面图。
图3是本申请提供的一种电容器密封器件的剖面局部放大图。
其中，1-盖板；2-假盖；3-极柱；4-金属圆环；5-绝缘部件；6-正极耳；7-负极耳，8-隔膜，9-负极片，10-外壳，11-正极片。
具体实施方式
需要理解的是，在本申请的描述中，术语“中心”、“纵向”、“横向”、“上”、“下”、“前”、“后”、“左”、“右”、“竖直”、“水平”、“顶”、“底”、“内”、“外”等指示的方位或位置关系为基于附图所示的方位或位置关系，仅是为了便于描述本申请和简化描述，而不是指示或暗示所指的装置或元件必须具有特定的方位、以特定的方位构造和操作，因此不能理解为对本申请的限制。此外，术语“第一”、“第二”等仅用于描述目的，而不能理解为指示或暗示相对重要性或者隐含指明所指示的技术特征的数量。由此，限定有“第一”、“第二”等的特征可以明示或者隐含地包括一个或者更多个该特征。在本申请的描述中，除非另有说明，“多个”的含义是两个或两个以上。
需要说明的是，在本申请的描述中，除非另有明确的规定和限定，术语“设置”、“相连”、“连接”应做广义理解，例如，可以是固定连接，也可以是可拆卸连接，或一体连接；可以是机械连接，也可以是电连接；可以是直接相连，也可以通过中间媒介间接相连，可以是两个元件内部的连通。对于本领域的普通技术人员而言，可以通过具体情况理解上述术语在本申请中的具体含义。
下面结合附图并通过具体实施方式来进一步说明本申请的技术方案。
在一个具体实施方式中，本申请提供了一种如图1所示的电容器，所述电容器包括外壳10、位于所述外壳10内的电芯以及位于所述外壳10开口处的密封器件，所述密封器件与电芯连接。密封器件包括极柱3，极柱3外周由上至下依次套设有金属圆环4和绝缘部件5。绝缘部件5沿径向设置有开口向外的凹槽，凹槽内设置有盖板1。
极柱3的外周面由顶部向下设置有第一环形啮合面，金属圆环4的内周面由顶部向下设置有第二环形啮合面，第一环形啮合面与第二环形啮合面匹配啮合，第一环形啮合面与第二环形啮合面匹配啮合后通过熔融焊接的方式固定连接。
通过第一环形啮合面和第二环形啮合面的相互配合形成啮合结构，同时，金属圆环4、极柱3、绝缘部件5和盖板1的相互配合，提升密封器件的密封性能，同时实现所述电容器的全密封，所述电容器的全密封性＜1.0×10-6Pa·m 2/s(氦质谱)，能够在85℃&85％RH条件下储存，满足工业物联网电源的需求。
具体地，第一环形啮合面和第二环形啮合面均为阶梯形结构。进一步地，第一环形啮合面的阶数≥1，第二环形啮合面的阶数与所述第一环形啮合面的阶数相等。
台阶式的多重焊接可以进一步加强密封效果，提升所述密封器件的密封性。
需要说明的是，本具体实施方式不限定第一环形啮合面和第二环形啮合面的具体形状结构，可选地但不限于为阶梯形的啮合结构，当然可以理解的是，其他形式的啮合结构也同样适用于本申请，例如：相互配合的曲面形(波浪式)，锯齿形等啮合结构。
极柱3包括柱体以及固定于柱体底部的底座，极柱3与底座呈倒T形一体成型。底座的上端面设置有环形凸起，绝缘部件5的下端面设置有与环形凸起位置匹配的环形凹槽。环形凸起与环形凹槽的相互配合，形成紧密结合的啮合结构，可以加强密封效果，进一步提升极柱3与绝缘部件5之间的密封性能。需要说明的是，本申请限定的环形凸起可以是完整的一圈环形凸起，也可以是间隔分布的若干凸起围成的环形。当然，对上述环形凸起的个数不做特别的限定，同时该环形凸起可以是连续的也可以是间隔设置。
所述的底座外周面靠近绝缘部件5一侧设置有第一环形凸起，沿第一环形凸起外周设置有第一连接件，所述的底座通过第一连接件与绝缘部件5固定。在本具体实施方式中，可选地采用第一连接件焊接固定，当然也可以不采用第一连接件，直接将底座与绝缘部件5焊接；如果采用第一连接件的固定方式，那么应在接触位置设置第一环形凸起，将第一连接件围绕第一环形凸起设置。
底座的下端面与电芯连接，可选的连接方式包括激光焊接、超声焊接或扭曲焊接。
金属圆环4外周面靠近绝缘部件5一侧设置有第二环形凸起，沿第二环形凸起外周设置有第二连接件，金属圆环4通过第二连接件与绝缘部件5固定连接。通过在金属圆环4与绝缘部件5外边缘的连接处设置第二连接件能够进一步提升金属圆环4与绝缘部件5之间的密封效果。进一步地，金属圆环4与绝缘部件5的固定连接方式包括焊接。在本具体实施方式中，可选地采用第二连接件焊接固定金属圆环4与绝缘部件5，当然也可以不采用第二连接件，直接将金属圆环4与绝缘部件5焊接；如果采用第二连接件的固定方式，那么应在接触位置设置第二环形凸起，将第二连接件围绕第二环形凸起设置。
绝缘部件5外周面靠近盖板1一侧设置有第三环形凸起，沿第三环形凸起外周设置有第三连接件，绝缘部件5通过第三连接件与盖板1固定，通过在盖板1与绝缘部件5外边缘的连接处设置第三连接件能够进一步提升盖板1与绝缘部件5之间的密封效果。进一步地，盖板1与绝缘部件5的固定方式包括焊接。在本具体实施方式中，可选地采用第三连接件焊接固定盖板1与绝缘部件5，当然也可以不采用第三连接件，直接将盖板1与绝缘部件5焊接； 如果采用第三连接件的固定方式，那么应在接触位置设置第三环形凸起，将第三连接件围绕第三环形凸起设置。
需要说明的是，第一连接件、第二连接件和第三连接件的材质均不作具体要求和特殊限定，可以是金属材质，只要能够起到密封效果的连接件，是本领域技术人员常用的连接件，均适用于本申请。
伸入绝缘部件凹槽内的部分盖板1的厚度大于其余部分盖板1的厚度，盖板1的上端面与外壳10的上端面平齐。
可选地，盖板1的周向外缘处设置有向外壳10开口方向翻折的外沿，所述的外沿与外壳10开口处贴合，外沿的高度为0.02-0.08mm。通过设置外沿，能够使盖板1外缘更好地与外壳10开口贴合，有利于密封性能的提升，尤其是方便采用焊接方式的连接。
密封器件还包括假盖2，假盖2设置于极柱3的上端面，分别与极柱3、金属圆环4连接。
电芯包括正极片11、隔膜8和负极片9，所述隔膜8位于所述正极片11和负极片9之间，正极片11包括正极集流体和依次位于正极集流体表面的粘结层和正极材料层，正极集流体含有空箔区，空箔区焊接有正极耳6。负极片9包括负极集流体和位于负极集流体表面的负极材料层，负极集流体含有空箔区，空箔区焊接有负极耳7。当然，上述的正负集流体的空箔区也可以直接作为极耳使用，而不需要额外焊接导体作为极耳。
粘结层包括第一粘结剂，正极材料层中包括第二粘结剂、导电剂、正极活性物质和富锂化合物。粘结层的厚度可选为0.5-10μm。
导电剂中包括第一导电剂和第二导电剂，第一导电剂包括石墨粉、导电碳黑或乙炔黑中的至少一种，导电碳黑包括粒径为10-200nm的小颗粒导电碳黑和/或粒径为1-30μm的大颗粒导电碳黑。第二导电剂包括石墨烯类材料以及一维碳材料中的至少一种；其中，石墨烯类材料包括石墨烯、氧化石墨烯或掺杂石墨烯中的任意一种或至少两种的组合，一维碳材料包括碳纳米管和/或碳纤维。
正极活性物质包括含锂正极活性物质和碳类正极活性物质，其中，含锂正极活性物质包括钴酸锂、镍酸锂、锰酸锂、磷酸亚铁锂、镍钴锰三元材料、镍钴铝三元材料或镍钴锰铝四元材料中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。碳类正极活性物质包括活性炭、石墨烯、掺杂石墨烯或多孔生物质碳中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
正极材料层中，石墨烯类材料和一维碳材料的质量比为(1-2):(3-6)，第一粘结剂和第二粘结剂为可熔性氟碳树脂。第一粘结剂和第二粘结剂独立地选自PVDF、PTFE或PFA中的任意一种或至少两种的组合；富锂化合物包括Li 2NiO 2、Li 5FeO 4、Li 3N、Li 2O、Li 2O 2或M/氟化锂 复合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合，其中，M包括Co、Ni或Fe中的任意一种或至少两种的组合，可选为Li 2NiO 2、Li 3N或M/氟化锂复合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
粘结层中还包括第三导电剂，第三导电剂可选为导电碳黑。以粘结层和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，第一粘结剂和第二粘结剂的总质量分数为2-10％。以粘结层和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，第一导电剂的质量分数为1-6％。以粘结层和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，石墨烯类材料和一维碳材料的总质量分数为0.5-3％。第三导电剂与第一粘结剂的质量比可选为(1-5):1。以粘结层和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，含锂正极活性物质的质量分数为5-80％。以粘结层和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，碳类正极活性物质的质量分数为10-90％。以粘结剂和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，正极活性物质的质量分数为85％-95％。含锂正极活性物质和碳类正极活性物质的质量比为1:0.5-1.5。以粘结层和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，所述富锂化合物的质量分数2-30％。
负极片9包括负极集流体和位于负极集流体表面的负极材料层。负极材料层包括粘结剂、导电剂和负极活性物质。负极材料层中的负极活性物质包括石墨、无定形碳、硅碳、硅氧、钛酸锂、石墨烯、氧化锡或锡合金中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。负极材料层中的粘结剂包括PVDF、PTFE或丙烯腈多元共聚物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
实施例1
本实施例提供了一种具体实施方式所述的电容器的制备方法，所述电容器为混合电容器，所述方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将石墨粉、PVDF、活性炭、钴酸锂和Li 2NiO 2干混3h后，加入石墨烯和碳纳米管的混合物，搅拌混合2h，然后加入NMP搅拌4h，得到正极浆料；
其中，石墨粉的质量分数为4％，活性炭的质量分数为40wt％，钴酸锂的质量分数为45wt％，富锂化合物Li 2NiO 2的质量分数为5％；石墨烯和碳纳米管的总质量分数为1％，石墨烯和碳纳米管的质量比为1:4；
(2)向集流体表面涂覆质量分数为3％的PTFE分散液，PVDF和PTFE总质量分数为5wt％，在90℃下烘烤，制备导电粘结层，控制粘结层的厚度在1μm，再将步骤(1)中得到的正极浆料涂覆于所述粘结层表面，在85℃下烘烤，得到中间产品；
其中，步骤(1)和步骤(2)均在环境温度为25℃，湿度为5％下进行；
(3)将步骤(2)中得到的中间产品控制辊压速度2m/min，温度140℃进行热压，在140℃，在真空度为5Pa的条件下，烘烤30min，得到正极片；
(4)以所述负极浆料的总质量为100％计，无定形碳的质量分数为42％、PTFE的质量 分数为1.4％、导电碳黑的质量分数为2.3％、柠檬酸的质量分数为0.18％、异丁醇的质量分数为0.2％和超纯水，搅拌，得到固含量为45.7％、粘度为4500cp的负极浆料，将负极浆料涂覆在铜箔表面，在110℃下烘烤0.5h，得到所述的负极片9；
(5)将正极片11和负极片9用隔膜8隔开，进行卷绕得到电芯，然后装入外壳10，注入锂离子电解液，使用实施例1中的密封器件进行密封，得到所述的电容器。
实施例2
本实施例提供了一种具体实施方式所述的电容器的制备方法，所述电容器为混合电容器，所述方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将乙炔黑、PTFE、氧化石墨烯、锰酸锂和Li 3N干混1h后，加入石墨烯和碳纳米管的混合物，搅拌混合2h，然后加入NMP搅拌5h，得到正极浆料；
乙炔黑的质量分数为1％，锰酸锂的质量分数为84.5wt％，石墨烯的质量分数为10wt％；富锂化合物Li 3N的质量分数为2％。氧化石墨烯和碳纳米管的质量分数为0.5％，氧化石墨烯和碳纳米管的质量比为2:3；
(2)向集流体表面涂覆质量分数为8％的PVDF分散液，PTFE和PVDF的总质量分数为2wt％，在60℃下烘烤，制备粘结层，控制粘结层的厚度为0.5μm，再将步骤(1)中得到的正极浆料涂覆于所述粘结层表面，在80℃下烘烤，得到中间产品；
其中，步骤(1)和步骤(2)均在环境温度为20℃，湿度为3％下进行；
(3)将步骤(2)中得到的正极片控制辊压速度2m/min，温度90℃进行热压，在80℃，在真空度为200Pa的条件下，烘烤30min，得到所述的正极；
(4)以所述负极浆料的总质量为100％计，人造石墨的质量分数为42％、PVDF的质量分数为1.4％、碳纤维的质量分数为2.3％、乙二酸的质量分数为0.18％、异丙醇的质量分数为0.2％和NMP，搅拌，得到固含量为45.7％、粘度为4500cp的负极浆料，将负极浆料涂覆在铜箔表面，在110℃下烘烤0.5h，得到所述的负极片9；
(5)将正极片11和负极片9用隔膜8隔开，进行卷绕得到电芯，然后装入外壳10，注入锂离子电解液，使用实施例2中的密封器件进行密封，得到所述的电容器。
实施例3
本实施例提供了一种具体实施方式所述的电容器的制备方法，所述电容器为混合电容器，所述方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将SP、PFA、碳纤维、NCM811和Li 2O干混2h后，加入石墨烯和碳纳米管的混合物，搅拌混合3h，然后加入NMP搅拌5h，得到正极浆料；
其中，SP的质量分数为3wt％，石墨烯和碳纳米管的质量分数为1.5wt％，石墨烯和碳纳米管的质量比为2:4，NCM811的质量分数为35wt％，碳纤维的质量分数为45wt％，Li 2O的质量分数为10.5％。
(2)向集流体表面涂覆质量分数为4％的PFA分散液，在120℃下烘烤，制备粘结层，控制粘结层的厚度为5μm，再将步骤(1)中得到的正极浆料涂覆于所述粘结层表面，在120℃下烘烤，得到中间产品；
其中，步骤(1)和步骤(2)均在环境温度为25℃，湿度为5％下进行；
(3)将步骤(2)中得到的正极片控制辊压速度25m/min，温度150℃进行热压，在120℃，在真空度为100Pa的条件下，烘烤20min，得到正极片11；
(4)以负极浆料的总质量为100％计，天然石墨的质量分数为42％、LA132的质量分数为1.4％、碳纳米管的质量分数为2.3％、乙酸的质量分数为0.1％、乙二醇的质量分数为0.2％和NMP，搅拌，得到固含量为45.7％、粘度为6000cp的负极浆料，将负极浆料涂覆在铜箔表面，在110℃下烘烤0.5h，得到负极片9；
(5)将正极片11和负极片9用隔膜8隔开，进行卷绕得到电芯，然后装入外壳10，注入锂离子电解液，使用密封器件进行密封，得到所述的电容器。
实施例4
本实施例提供了一种具体实施方式所述的电容器的制备方法，所述电容器为混合电容器，所述方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将乙炔黑、PVDF、多孔生物质碳、LiNi 0.85Al 0.075Mn 0.075O 2和Co/氟化锂复合物干混2h后，加入石墨烯和碳纳米管的混合物，搅拌混合3h，然后加入NMP搅拌6h，得到正极浆料；
其中，乙炔黑的质量分数为2％，多孔生物质碳的质量分数为10wt％，LiNi 0.85Al 0.075Mn 0.075O 2的质量分数为50wt％，富锂化合物Co/氟化锂复合物的质量分数为25％，石墨烯和碳纳米管的质量分数为2％，石墨烯和碳纳米管的质量比为1:6；
(2)向集流体表面涂覆质量分数为3％的PTFE和乙炔黑的分散液，在180℃下烘烤，制备粘结层，控制粘结层的厚度为3μm，再将步骤(1)中得到的正极浆料涂覆于所述粘结层表面，在150℃下烘烤，得到中间产品；
其中，步骤(1)和步骤(2)均在环境温度为30℃，湿度为40％下进行；
(3)将步骤(2)中得到的正极片控制辊压速度50m/min，温度200℃进行热压，在150℃，在真空度为60Pa的条件下，烘烤10min，得到正极片；
(4)以所述负极浆料的总质量为100％计，人造石墨的质量分数为42wt％，PVDF的质量分数为1.42wt％、碳纤维的质量分数为2.3wt％、乙二酸的质量分数为0.18wt％和异丙醇的质量分数为0.2wt％和NMP，搅拌，得到固含量为45.72％、粘度为4500cp的负极浆料，将负极浆料涂覆在铜箔表面，在110℃下烘烤0.5h，得到负极片9；
(5)将正极片11和负极片9用隔膜8隔开，进行卷绕得到电芯，然后装入外壳10，注入锂离子电解液，使用密封器件进行密封，得到所述的电容器。
实施例5
本实施例提供了一种具体实施方式所述的电容器的制备方法，所述电容器为混合电容器，所述方法包括以下步骤：
(1)将SP、PVDF、多孔生物质碳、LiNi 0.85Al 0.075Mn 0.075O 2和Ni/氟化锂复合物干混2h后，加入石墨烯和碳纳米管的混合物，搅拌混合3h，然后加入NMP搅拌6h，得到正极浆料；
其中，SP的质量分数为1％，LiNi 0.85Al 0.075Mn 0.075O 2的质量分数为5wt％，多孔生物质碳的质量分数为87wt％，富锂化合物的质量分数为3wt％，石墨烯和碳纳米管的质量分数为1wt％，石墨烯和碳纳米管的质量比为2:5；
(2)向集流体表面涂覆质量分数为1％的PTFE和SP的分散液，在180℃下烘烤，制备粘结层，控制粘结层的厚度为10μm，再将步骤(1)中得到的正极浆料涂覆于所述粘结层表面，在150℃下烘烤，得到中间产品；
其中，步骤(1)和步骤(2)均在环境温度为30℃，湿度为40％下进行；
(3)将步骤(2)中得到的正极片控制辊压速度50m/min，温度270℃进行热压，在150℃，在真空度为180Pa的条件下，烘烤10min，得到正极片；
(4)以所述负极浆料的总质量为100％计，天然石墨的质量分数为45％、LA132的质量分数为3％、碳纳米管的质量分数为3％、乙酸的质量分数为0.2％和乙二醇的质量分数为0.3％和去离子水，搅拌，得到固含量为51％、粘度为6000cp的负极浆料，将负极浆料涂覆在铜箔表面，在110℃下烘烤0.5h，得到负极片9。
实施例6
与实施例1相比，区别仅在于，将步骤(3)中的热压替换为5℃冷压。
实施例7
与实施例1相比，区别仅在于，将步骤(3)中的热压替换为40℃冷压。
实施例8
与实施例1相比，区别仅在于，钴酸锂和活性炭的总质量占比与实施例1相同，均为 85％，且钴酸锂与活性炭的质量之比为2.5:1。
实施例9
与实施例1相比，区别仅在于，钴酸锂和活性炭的总质量占比与实施例1相同，均为85％，且钴酸锂与活性炭的质量之比为2:8。
实施例10
与实施例1相比，区别仅在于，本实施例提供的制备方法中不加入富锂化合物Li 2NiO 2，而保持正极材料层中其余物质之间的质量比不变。
实施例11
与实施例1相比，区别仅在于，本实施例提供的制备方法中不加入活性炭，而用等量的钴酸锂替换。
实施例12
与实施例1相比，区别仅在于，本实施例提供的制备方法中不加入石墨烯和碳纳米管的混合物，而用等量的石墨粉替换。
实施例13
与实施例1相比，区别在于，未设置粘结层，且保持正极材料层中粘结剂的含量与实施例1中第一粘结剂和第二粘结剂的总量相同。
实施例14
与实施例1相比，区别仅在于，步骤(4)中不使用乙二酸。
实施例15
与实施例1相比，区别仅在于，步骤(4)中不使用异丙醇。
实施例16
与实施例1相比，区别仅在于，步骤(4)中不使用乙二酸和异丙醇。
对比例1
与实施例1相比，区别仅在于，电容器的密封器件使用CN103078069A中的密封器件3。
对比例2
与实施例1相比，区别仅在于，电容器的密封器件使用传统密封设计的密封器件。
电容器性能的评价：
将上述各实施例和对比例的电容器，进行密封性、能量密度、-50℃低温测试，测试方法如下：
密封性能测试：将混合电容器置于氦质谱检漏仪中进行测试。
能量密度测试：将混合电容器置于25℃的环境，搁置5min，5mA恒流恒压充电至3.9V，截止电流为0.5mA；搁置5min，5mA恒流放电至2.2V，结束。
倍率测试：将混合电容器置于25℃的环境，新威5V5A精密放电柜5mA恒流恒压充电至3.68V，截止电流0.5mA；搁置5min，500C倍率，脉冲放电1s，记录最低电压，结束。
-50℃低温测试：将混合电容器置于-50℃的环境，5V5A精密放电柜5mA恒流恒压充电至3.68V，截止电流0.5mA；混合电容器转移至高低温箱中-50℃环境静置6h，150C倍率脉冲0.1s，记录最低电压，结束。
将各实施例和对比例中的负极片9，进行剥离力和膜片电阻率的测试，测试方法如下：
负极片剥离力测试：将一定尺寸的极片用3M双面胶固定在不锈钢板上，其中压敏3M-VHB双面胶贴在电极表面，另一面贴在不锈钢板上，将不锈钢板和集流体固定在拉力测试仪的两个夹具上，然后以10mm/min的速度，10N的载荷进行180度剥离测试，直至集流体完全被剥离下来时停止测试。
负极片膜片电阻率测试：采用四探针法测试上述各实施例和对比例的膜片电阻，其中涂层厚度统一控制在40μm。
测试结果如表1所示。
表1
Figure PCTCN2020128953-appb-000001
Figure PCTCN2020128953-appb-000002
注：表中，25℃&500C电压表示在25℃，电流为500C的条件下，测试的最低电压；-50℃&150C电压表示在-50℃，电流为150C的条件下，测试的最低电压。
25℃&500C电压越高，表明材料的室温倍率性能越好；-50℃&150C电压越高，表明材料的低温倍率性能越好。
本申请各实施例和对比例制备的电池为相同型号(15500)，容量越高，代表能量密度越高。
通过表1可以看出以下几点：
(1)综合实施例1-16可以看出，实施例1-16制备的电容器，具有良好的密封性能。
(2)综合实施例1、实施例8和实施例9可以看出，含锂正极活性物质和碳类活性物质的添加量对于材料的容量、室温倍率性能和低温倍率性能有重要影响，含锂正极活性物质和碳类正极活性物质的质量比在1:0.5-1.5的可选范围内可以更好地兼顾上述两方面的效果；
(3)综合实施例1和实施例10可以看出，实施例10的正极不含Li 2NiO 2，容量、室温倍率性能和低温倍率性能均有下降，由此说明，正极含有Li 2NiO 2，有助于提高混合电容器的能量密度、室温倍率性能(25℃&500C电压(V))和低温倍率性能(-50℃&150C电压)。
(4)综合实施例1和实施例11可以看出，实施例11的正极活性物质全部为钴酸锂，虽然容量较高，但是倍率性能较差，由此说明，正极含有活性炭和钴酸锂，有助于混合电容器兼顾良好的能量密度、室温倍率性能和低温倍率性能。
(5)综合实施例1和实施例12可以看出，实施例12的正极不含石墨烯和碳纳米管的混合物，而由石墨粉代替，导致容量、室温倍率性能和低温倍率性能下降，由此说明，正极含有石墨烯和碳纳米管的混合物，有助于提高混合电容器的能量密度、室温倍率性能和低温倍率性能。
(6)综合实施例1和实施例13可以看出，实施例13未设置粘结层，导致室温倍率性能和低温倍率性能下降，由此说明，正极材料层和集流体之间设置的粘结层有助于提高混合电 容器的室温倍率性能和低温倍率性能。
(7)综合实施例1和实施例14-16可以看出，实施例1负极添加了适量的弱酸和醇，提升了负极剥离力、减小了负极片电阻率，这是因为弱酸增强电极材料与集流体的粘结作用，降低极片的内阻；醇提高了负极活性物质和粘结剂的相容性，同时催化粘结剂网状交联，提高粘结强度，得到的负极片表面分散均匀；
(8)综合实施例1和对比例1-2可以看出，实施例1密封性能优于对比例1-2，这是因为采用了本申请设计的密封盖组，台阶式多重焊接提升了密封性能。
综上，本申请提供的电容器，通过所述密封器件的使用，实现全密封，密封性＜1.0×10 -6Pa·m 2/s(氦质谱)，具有良好的密封性能，能够在85℃&85％RH条件下储存；本申请提供的电容器的制备方法，通过对正极和/或负极的改进，改善电容器的极限工作温度性能，能够在-50～125℃下大倍率放电，使得制备得到的电容器具有较高的能量密度和较宽的工作温度范围，满足工业物联网的需求。
申请人声明，本申请通过上述实施例来说明本申请的详细结构特征，但本申请并不局限于上述详细结构特征，即不意味着本申请必须依赖上述详细结构特征才能实施。

Claims (13)

  1. 一种电容器，其包括外壳、位于所述外壳内的电芯以及位于所述外壳开口处的密封器件，所述密封器件与电芯连接；
    所述密封器件包括极柱，所述极柱外周由上至下依次套设有金属圆环和绝缘部件；
    所述极柱的外周面由顶部向下设置有第一环形啮合面；所述金属圆环的内周面由顶部向下设置有第二环形啮合面，所述第一环形啮合面与第二环形啮合面匹配啮合；
    所述绝缘部件沿径向设置有开口向外的凹槽，所述凹槽内设置有盖板。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的电容器，其中，所述极柱包括柱体以及固定于所述柱体底部的底座。
  3. 根据权利要求2所述的电容器，其中，所述底座的上端面设置有环形凸起，所述绝缘部件的下端面设置有与所述环形凸起位置匹配的环形凹槽。
  4. 根据权利要求2或3所述的电容器，其中，所述的柱体与底座一体成型；
    可选地，所述的底座外周面靠近绝缘部件一侧设置有第一环形凸起，沿第一环形凸起外周设置有第一连接件，所述的底座通过所述的第一连接件与绝缘部件固定；
    可选地，所述底座与绝缘部件的固定方式包括焊接和/或粘接；
    可选地，所述底座的下端面与电芯连接，所述连接方式可选包括激光焊接、超声焊接或扭曲焊接中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4中任一项所述的电容器，其中，所述极柱的材质包括氧化还原电位比铁高的金属和/或合金，可选为铝、钼、铝合金或钼合金中的任意一种或至少两种的组合，进一步可选为铝合金和/或钼合金；
    可选地，所述绝缘部件的材质包括绝缘陶瓷、绝缘漆或云母中的任意一种或至少两种的组合，可选为绝缘陶瓷；
    可选地，所述金属圆环的材质包括铝合金、不锈钢合金或钼合金中的任意一种或至少两种的组合，可选为304不锈钢合金、316不锈钢合金或316L不锈钢合金中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一项所述的电容器，其中，所述的第一环形啮合面和第二环形啮合面均为阶梯形结构；
    可选地，所述的第一环形啮合面的阶数≥1，可选为1-10；
    可选地，所述的第二环形啮合面的阶数≥1，可选为1-10；
    可选地，所述第二环形啮合面的阶数与所述第一环形啮合面的阶数相等；
    可选地，所述的第一环形啮合面与第二环形啮合面匹配啮合后通过熔融焊接的方式固定 连接；
    可选地，所述的金属圆环外周面靠近绝缘部件一侧设置有第二环形凸起，沿第二环形凸起外周设置有第二连接件，所述的金属圆环通过第二连接件与绝缘部件固定连接；
    可选地，所述金属圆环与绝缘部件的固定连接方式包括焊接；
    可选地，所述绝缘部件与极柱的固定连接方式包括焊接；
    可选地，所述的绝缘部件外周面靠近盖板一侧设置有第三环形凸起，沿第三环形凸起外周设置有第三连接件，所述的绝缘部件通过第三连接件与盖板固定；
    可选地，伸入所述绝缘部件凹槽内的部分盖板的厚度大于其余部分盖板的厚度；
    可选地，所述盖板与绝缘部件的固定方式包括焊接；
    可选地，所述盖板的上端面与外壳的上端面平齐；
    可选地，所述盖板的周向外缘处设置有向外壳开口方向翻折的外沿，所述的外沿与外壳开口处贴合；
    可选地，所述外沿的高度为0.02-0.08mm；
    可选地，所述密封器件还包括假盖，所述假盖设置于极柱的上端面，分别与极柱和金属圆环连接。
  7. 根据权利要求1-6任一项所述的电容器，其中，所述电芯包括正极片和负极片；
    可选地，所述正极包括正极集流体，以及依次位于正极集流体表面的粘结层和正极材料层；
    可选地，所述粘结层包括第一粘结剂，所述正极材料层中包括第二粘结剂、导电剂、正极活性物质和富锂化合物。
  8. 根据权利要求1-7任一项所述的电容器，其中，所述粘结层的厚度为0.5-10μm，可选为1-5μm；
    可选地，所述导电剂中包括第一导电剂和第二导电剂，所述第一导电剂包括石墨粉、导电碳黑或乙炔黑中的至少一种，所述第二导电剂包括石墨烯类材料以及一维碳材料中的至少一种；
    可选地，所述正极活性物质包括含锂正极活性物质和碳类正极活性物质；
    可选地，所述含锂正极活性物质包括钴酸锂、镍酸锂、锰酸锂、磷酸亚铁锂、镍钴锰三元材料、镍钴铝三元材料或镍钴锰铝四元材料中的任意一种或至少两种的组合，可选为镍酸锂、镍钴锰三元材料、镍钴铝三元材料或镍钴锰铝四元材料中的任意一种或至少两种的组合；
    可选地，所述碳类正极活性物质包括活性炭、石墨烯、掺杂石墨烯或多孔生物质碳中的任意一种或至少两种的组合；
    可选地，所述导电碳黑包括粒径为10-200nm的小颗粒导电碳黑和/或粒径为1-30μm的大颗粒导电碳黑；
    可选地，所述石墨烯类材料包括石墨烯、氧化石墨烯或掺杂石墨烯中的任意一种或至少两种的组合；
    可选地，所述一维碳材料包括碳纳米管和/或碳纤维；
    可选地，所述正极材料层中，石墨烯类材料和一维碳材料的质量比为(1-2):(3-6)；
    可选地，所述第一粘结剂和第二粘结剂为可熔性氟碳树脂；
    可选地，所述第一粘结剂和第二粘结剂独立地选自PVDF、PTFE或PFA中的任意一种或至少两种的组合；
    可选地，所述富锂化合物包括Li 2NiO 2、Li 5FeO 4、Li 3N、Li 2O、Li 2O 2或M/氟化锂复合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合，其中，M包括Co、Ni或Fe中的任意一种或至少两种的组合，可选为Li 2NiO 2、Li 3N或M/氟化锂复合物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
  9. 根据权利要求1-8任一项所述的电容器，其中，所述粘结层中还包括第三导电剂，所述第三导电剂可选为导电碳黑；
    可选地，以粘结层和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，所述第一粘结剂和第二粘结剂的总质量分数为2-10％；
    可选地，以粘结层和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，所述第一导电剂的质量分数为1-6％；
    可选地，以粘结层和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，所述石墨烯类材料和一维碳材料的总质量分数为0.5-3％；
    可选地，所述第三导电剂与第一粘结剂的质量比为(1-5):1，可选为(2-4):1；
    可选地，以粘结层和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，所述含锂正极活性物质的质量分数为5-80％；
    可选地，以粘结层和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，所述碳类正极活性物质的质量分数为10-90％；
    可选地，以粘结剂和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，所述正极活性物质的质量分数为85％-95％；
    可选地，所述含锂正极活性物质和碳类正极活性物质的质量比为1:0.5-1.5，可选为 1:1-1:1.2；
    可选地，以粘结层和正极材料层的总质量为100％计，所述富锂化合物的质量分数2-30％。
  10. 根据权利要求1-9任一项所述的电容器，其中，所述负极片包括负极集流体和位于负极集流体表面的负极材料层；
    可选地，所述负极材料层包括粘结剂、导电剂和负极活性物质；
    可选地，所述负极材料层中的负极活性物质包括石墨、无定形碳、硅碳、硅氧、钛酸锂、石墨烯、氧化锡或锡合金中的任意一种或至少两种的组合；
    可选地，所述负极材料层中的粘结剂包括PVDF、PTFE或丙烯腈多元共聚物中的任意一种或至少两种的组合。
  11. 一种权利要求1-10任一项所述的电容器的制备方法，其包括以下步骤：
    (1)将第二粘结剂、导电剂、正极活性物质和富锂化合物混合，得到正极浆料，所述导电剂包括第一导电剂和第二导电剂，所述第一导电剂包括石墨粉、导电碳黑或乙炔黑中的至少一种，所述第二导电剂包括石墨烯类材料以及一维碳材料中的至少一种；
    (2)向正极集流体表面涂覆含有第一粘结剂的分散液，进行第一次烘烤，制备粘结层，再将步骤(1)中得到的正极浆料涂覆于所述粘结层表面，进行第二次烘烤，得到中间产品；中间产品进行碾压，第三次烘烤，得到正极片；
    (3)将负极活性物质、溶剂、粘结剂、导电剂、弱酸和醇混合，得到负极浆料，向负极集流体表面涂覆负极浆料，烘烤，得到负极片；
    所述弱酸包括乙二酸、乙酸或柠檬酸中的任意一种或至少两种的组合；
    所述醇包括异丙醇、异丁醇或乙二醇中的任意一种或至少两种的组合；
    (4)将所述正极片和负极片制成电芯，装入外壳，注入电解液，使用密封器件进行密封，得到所述的电容器。
  12. 根据权利要求11所述的电容器的制备方法，其中，步骤(2)所述正极集流体包括腐蚀集流体、涂覆集流体、纯集流体或通孔集流体中的任意一种；
    可选地，步骤(2)所述的分散液中，粘结剂的质量分数为1-10％，可选为2-8％；
    可选地，步骤(2)所述的分散液中，还包括第三导电剂；
    可选地，步骤(2)所述第一次烘烤的温度60-180℃，可选为80-150℃；
    可选地，步骤(2)所述粘结层的厚度为0.5-10μm，可选为1-5μm；
    可选地，步骤(2)所述第二次烘烤的温度80-150℃，可选为100-130℃；
    可选地，步骤(2)所述碾压的速率2-50m/min；
    可选地，步骤(2)所述碾压的方式为冷压和/或热压；
    可选地，所述冷压的温度0-45℃；
    可选地，所述热压的温度60-270℃，可选为80-250℃；
    可选地，步骤(2)所述第三次烘烤的方式包括真空烘烤；
    可选地，所述真空烘烤的真空度为5-200Pa；
    可选地，步骤(2)所述第三次烘烤的温度为80-150℃；
    可选地，步骤(2)所述第三次烘烤的时间为10-60min；
    可选地，步骤(1)和(2)过程中控制环境温度为20-30℃，湿度3-40％；
    可选地，步骤(3)中以所述负极浆料的总质量为100％计，负极活性物质的质量分数为40-45％、粘结剂的质量分数为1.2-3％、导电剂的质量分数为1.5-3％、弱酸的质量分数为0.1-0.2％、醇的质量分数为0.2-0.3％和溶剂的质量分数为45-60％。
  13. 一种权利要求1-10任一项所述的电容器在工业物联网领域的用途。
PCT/CN2020/128953 2020-10-16 2020-11-16 一种电容器及其制备方法和用途 Ceased WO2022077686A1 (zh)

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