WO2022145264A1 - 電解質及び蓄電デバイス - Google Patents
電解質及び蓄電デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022145264A1 WO2022145264A1 PCT/JP2021/046898 JP2021046898W WO2022145264A1 WO 2022145264 A1 WO2022145264 A1 WO 2022145264A1 JP 2021046898 W JP2021046898 W JP 2021046898W WO 2022145264 A1 WO2022145264 A1 WO 2022145264A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0565—Polymeric materials, e.g. gel-type or solid-type
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
- H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/56—Solid electrolytes, e.g. gels; Additives therein
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0568—Liquid materials characterised by the solutes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/002—Inorganic electrolyte
- H01M2300/0022—Room temperature molten salts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0065—Solid electrolytes
- H01M2300/0082—Organic polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0085—Immobilising or gelification of electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0088—Composites
- H01M2300/0091—Composites in the form of mixtures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolyte and a power storage device.
- Patent Document 1 a secondary battery as a power source for a mobile terminal such as a notebook personal computer, a mobile phone, or a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) (for example, Patent Document 1).
- a mobile terminal such as a notebook personal computer, a mobile phone, or a PDA (Personal Digital Assistant) (for example, Patent Document 1).
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 describe a secondary battery provided with an electrolyte using polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder and a separator.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Patent Documents 1 and 2 are all premised on the use of a separator. However, if the electrolyte is strong enough, the separator may not be used. Further, in general, an electrolyte is required to have excellent ionic conductivity. Therefore, it has been desired to develop a technique for an electrolyte having sufficient strength and excellent ionic conductivity.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and can be realized as the following forms.
- an electrolyte is provided.
- This electrolyte is an electrolyte containing an ionic liquid, an inorganic oxide, and a binder.
- the binder is made of a polycarbonate polyol and a polyisocyanate as raw materials, and a bird having 1 to 4 carbon atoms is attached to the end of the binder. It is characterized by having at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of an alkoxysilyl group, an epoxy group, and an oxetanyl group.
- the electrolyte of the above-mentioned form further contains an additive different from the inorganic oxide, and the additive may be at least one of a boron compound and an aluminum compound.
- the additive is the boron compound, and the number of moles of the boron compound may be 0.55 mol / kg or less per 1 kg of the electrolyte.
- the ionic conductivity can be effectively improved with a small amount of additives.
- the additive is the aluminum compound, and the number of moles of the aluminum compound may be 0.05 mol / kg or less per 1 kg of the electrolyte.
- the ionic conductivity can be effectively improved with a small amount of additives.
- the additive may be a boric acid ester.
- the borate ester may be at least one of trimethyl borate and triethyl borate.
- the electrolyte of the above-mentioned form may contain at least one of silicon oxide and aluminum oxide as the inorganic oxide.
- the weight average molecular weight of the binder may be 10,000 or more and 120,000 or less.
- the transport rate can be improved.
- the electrolyte according to the embodiment of the present invention includes an ionic liquid, an inorganic oxide, and a binder.
- the binder is made of a polycarbonate polyol and a polyisocyanate as raw materials, and at the end of the binder, at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a trialkoxysilyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an epoxy group and an oxetanyl group is provided. It is characterized by being prepared. According to this form, it is possible to provide an electrolyte having excellent ionic conductivity and excellent strength.
- the electrolyte of this embodiment is in the form of a pseudo-solid or gel.
- the polycarbonate polyol is not particularly limited, and for example, a polycarbonate polyol generally used in the art can be used.
- examples of the polycarbonate polyol include a carbonate polyol of 1,6-hexanediol, a carbonate polyol of 1,4-butanediol and 1,6-hexanediol, and a carbonate polyol of 1,5-pentanediol and 1,6-hexanediol. , 3-Methyl-1,5-pentanediol and 1,6-hexanediol carbonate polyols and the like.
- the polyisocyanate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include organic polyisocyanates.
- the organic polyisocyanate is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aliphatic polyisocyanates, alicyclic polyisocyanates, aromatic polyisocyanates, and aromatic aliphatic polyisocyanates.
- Aliphatic polyisocyanates include tetramethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate, and 2-methylpentane-1.
- 5-Diisocyanate, 3-methylpentane-1,5-Diisocyanate and the like can be mentioned.
- the alicyclic polyisocyanate include isophorone diisocyanate, hydrogenated xylylene diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, 1,4-cyclohexanediisocyanate, methylcyclohexylene diisocyanate, and 1,3-bis (isocyanatemethyl) cyclohexane. Can be mentioned.
- aromatic polyisocyanate examples include tolylene diisocyanate, 2,2'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, and 4,4'.
- -Diphenylmethane diisocyanate MDI
- 4,4'-dibenzyldiisocyanate 1,5-naphthylenediocyanate
- xylylene diisocyanate 1,3-phenylenediocyanate
- 1,4-phenylenediocyanate and the like can be mentioned.
- aromatic aliphatic polyisocyanate examples include dialkyldiphenylmethane diisocyanate, tetraalkyldiphenylmethane diisocyanate, ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ , ⁇ -tetramethylxylylene diisocyanate and the like.
- polyisocyanate examples include dimers or trimers of these organic polyisocyanates and modified products such as buretted isocyanates. As the polyisocyanate, only one kind may be used, or two or more kinds may be used in combination.
- polyisocyanate aromatic polyisocyanate and alicyclic polyisocyanate are preferable, and alicyclic polyisocyanate is more preferable.
- polyisocyanate 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, isophorone diisocyanate, and hydrogenated diphenylmethane diisocyanate are preferable.
- the terminal of the binder is provided with at least one functional group selected from the group consisting of a trialkoxysilyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an epoxy group, and an oxetanyl group.
- the functional group is provided at the end of the binder on the polyisocyanate side. From the viewpoint of excellent ionic conductivity, it is preferable to provide a trialkoxysilyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms at the terminal of the polyisocyanate.
- Examples of the compound having a trialkoxysilyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and an active hydrogen group include an alkoxysilyl compound having a primary amino group and an alkoxysilyl compound having a primary amino group and a secondary amino group. Can be mentioned. Specifically, for example, ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-phenyl- ⁇ .
- -Polypyl silyl group-containing monoamine such as aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N- ⁇ (aminoethyl) ⁇ -aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (N-2- (aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane), N- ⁇ (Aminoethyl) ⁇ -Aminopropyltriethoxysilane (N-2- (aminoethyl) -3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane), N- ⁇ (Aminoethyl) ⁇ -aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane (N-2-( Aminoethyl) -3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane), N- ⁇ (aminoethyl) ⁇ -aminopropylmethyldiethoxysilane (N-2- (aminoethyl) -3-aminopropy
- Examples of the compound having an epoxy group and an active hydrogen group include 2,3-epoxy-1-propanol (glycidol) and 1- [4- (2-hydroxyethyl) phenoxy] -2,3-epoxypropane. be able to.
- Examples of the compound having an oxetanyl group and an active hydrogen group include (3-ethyloxetane-3-yl) methanol, 3-oxetanol and the like.
- a polyol other than the polycarbonate polyol may be further used.
- examples of such polyols include polyolefin polyols, polyhydric alcohols, polyether polyols, polyester polyols, polyether ester polyols, polyacrylic polyols, polyacetal polyols, polysiloxane polyols, fluorine polyols and the like.
- the polyolefin polyol is a polymer or copolymer of a diolefin having 4 to 12 carbon atoms such as butadiene and isoprene, and indicates a compound containing a hydroxyl group.
- the polyolefin polyol is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a copolymer of a diolefin having 4 to 12 carbon atoms and an ⁇ -olefin having 2 to 22 carbon atoms.
- the method of containing a hydroxyl group is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a method of reacting a diene monomer with hydrogen peroxide. Further, the remaining double bond may be hydrogenated to make it saturated aliphatic.
- polyolefin polyols examples include "NISSO-PB G” series manufactured by Nippon Soda Co., Ltd., “Poly bd” series and “Epol (registered trademark)” manufactured by Idemitsu Kosan Co., Ltd., and “Kraysol (registered trademark)” manufactured by CRAY VALLEY. "Series etc. can be mentioned.
- the polyhydric alcohol refers to a polyol having three or more hydroxyl groups in one molecule.
- the polyhydric alcohol is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include polyhydric alcohols such as trimethylolpropane, glycerin, and pentaerythritol, and oxyalkylene derivatives thereof.
- examples of the polyhydric alcohol include ester compounds of these polyhydric alcohols or oxyalkylene derivatives and polyvalent carboxylic acids, polyvalent carboxylic acid anhydrides, or polyvalent carboxylic acid esters. .. Further use of a polyhydric alcohol is preferable because it has excellent film strength.
- the polyether polyol is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include alkylene derivatives of polyhydric alcohols, polytetramethylene glycol, and polythioether polyols.
- the polyester polyol and the polyether ester polyol are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include esterified products of a polyhydric alcohol or a polyether polyol and a polyvalent carboxylic acid or a polyvalent carboxylic acid anhydride.
- Examples of the polyester polyol and the polyether ester polyol include castor oil polyol and polycaprolactone polyol.
- polyether polyols and polyester polyols are preferable.
- Other polyols may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Further, other polyols may be used in combination with a compound having one hydroxyl group.
- the weight average molecular weight of the binder is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5,000 or more and 300,000 or less, and more preferably 10,000 or more and 120,000 or less. Further, the weight average molecular weight of the binder is more preferably 25,000 or more and 100,000 or less, and particularly preferably 33,000 or more and 50,000 or less, from the viewpoint of improving the transport number.
- the weight average molecular weight is a value measured under the following conditions using a GPC column chromatography method.
- the method for producing the binder is not particularly limited, and a known method can be used.
- Examples of the method for producing the binder include the following methods. First, a compound having at least one functional group and an active hydrogen group selected from the group consisting of a trialkoxysilyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, an epoxy group, and an oxetanyl group, a polyisocyanate, a polycarbonate polyol, and the like are added.
- a binder can be obtained by reacting at ° C. to 130 ° C. under reaction conditions of about 0.5 to 10 hours and then cooling to 5 ° C. to 45 ° C., if necessary.
- any organic solvent such as N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) can be used.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- at least one functional group and an active hydrogen group selected from the group consisting of the total isocyanate group equivalent of the polyisocyanate, the polycarbonate polyol, the trialkoxysilyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, the epoxy group, and the oxetanyl group are used.
- the ratio (total isocyanate group equivalent / total active hydrogen group equivalent) of the compound having the compound and other compounds having an active hydrogen group to the total active hydrogen group equivalent is preferably 0.9 to 1.0.
- an active hydrogen group means a hydroxy group, a primary amino group, and a secondary amino group.
- the electrolyte of this embodiment comprises an inorganic oxide.
- the inorganic oxide is not particularly limited, and is, for example, silicon oxide, titanium oxide, aluminum oxide (alumina), zirconium oxide, hafnium oxide, niobium oxide, tantalum oxide, magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, strontium oxide, barium oxide, and oxidation. Examples include tin and lead oxide.
- an oxide-based solid electrolyte SE: Solid Electrolyte
- SE Solid Electrolyte
- the oxide-based solid electrolyte is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include LICGC (registered trademark, composition: Li 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -P 2 O 5 -TiO 2 ) manufactured by OHARA. ..
- LICGC registered trademark, composition: Li 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -P 2 O 5 -TiO 2
- the inorganic oxide silicon oxide and aluminum oxide are preferable, and aluminum oxide is more preferable.
- additives it is preferable to add an additive different from the inorganic oxide to the electrolyte.
- the additive is preferably, for example, at least one of a boron compound and an aluminum compound.
- the blending amount of this additive is not particularly limited, but when the additive is a boron compound, it is preferably 0.4 parts by mass or more, and preferably 0.8 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the electrolyte. More preferred.
- the blending amount of this additive is preferably 2.2 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 1.6 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the electrolyte. It is more preferably 1.2 parts by mass or less.
- the additive is an aluminum compound
- the blending amount of this additive is preferably 0.04 part by mass or more, and more preferably 0.08 part by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the electrolyte.
- the blending amount of this additive is preferably 0.4 parts by mass or less, and more preferably 0.32 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the electrolyte. It is more preferably 0.24 parts by mass or less.
- the number of moles of this additive is not particularly limited, but when the additive is a boron compound, it is preferably 0.1 mol / kg or more, and more preferably 0.2 mol / kg or more, per 1 kg of the electrolyte. preferable.
- the number of moles of the additive is preferably 0.55 mol / kg or less, more preferably 0.4 mol / kg or less, and 0. It is more preferably 3 mol / kg or less.
- the additive is an aluminum compound
- the number of moles of the additive is preferably 0.005 mol / kg or more, and more preferably 0.01 mol / kg or more per 1 kg of the electrolyte.
- the number of moles of the additive is preferably 0.05 mol / kg or less, more preferably 0.04 mol / kg or less, and 0. It is more preferably 3.03 mol / kg or less.
- the addition of the aluminum compound tends to improve the ionic conductivity with the addition of a small amount as compared with the case of adding the boron compound.
- the boron compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include boric acid ester, borane compound, boronic acid, and boronic acid anhydride.
- the borate ester is not particularly limited, and is, for example, trimethyl borate (TMB), triethyl borate, tripropyl borate, tributyl borate, triisobutyl borate, tri-t-butyl borate, triphenyl borate. , Tritoluyl borate, trimethoxyboroxin and the like.
- TMB trimethyl borate
- the borane compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include dimethylamine borane, trimethylamine borane, triethylamine borane, and morpholine borane.
- the boronic acid is not particularly limited, but is, for example, propylboronic acid, isopropylboronic acid, butylboronic acid, t-. Examples thereof include butylboronic acid and phenylboronic acid.
- the boronic acid anhydride is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include propyl boronic acid anhydride, isopropyl boronic acid anhydride, butyl boronic acid anhydride, t-butyl boronic acid anhydride, phenyl boronic acid anhydride and the like.
- borate ester is preferable, and trimethyl borate (TMB) and triethyl borate are more preferable.
- the aluminum compound is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aluminum alkoxide.
- the aluminum alkoxide is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include aluminum methoxydo, aluminum ethoxyde, aluminum isopropoxide (AIP), and aluminum sec-butoxide.
- Al compound aluminum isopropoxide (AIP) is preferable.
- the electrolyte of this embodiment contains an ionic liquid.
- the cation of the ionic liquid is not particularly limited, and is, for example, butylpyridinium, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium (EMIm), 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium (BMIm), 1,2-dimethyl3-.
- Propylimidazolium 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidinium, 1-butyl-1-methylpyrrolidinium, N, N-diethyl-N-methyl-N- (2-methoxyethyl) ammonium (DEME), 1 -Methyl-1-propylpyrrolidinium (P13), N-methyl-N-propylpiperidinium (PP13), N-ethyl-N-butylpyrrolidinium (P24) and the like can be mentioned.
- EMIm 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium
- the anion of the ionic liquid is not particularly limited, and is, for example, bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (FSI), bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (TFSI), tris (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) methide, and fluorosulfonyl (trifluoromethanesulfonyl).
- FSI bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide
- TMSI bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide
- tris trifluoromethanesulfonyl methide
- fluorosulfonyl trifluoromethanesulfonyl
- Examples thereof include imide, bis (perfluoroethylsulfonyl) amide (BETI), tetrafluoroborate (BF4), trifluoromethanetrifluoroborate (CF3BF3), pentafluoroethyltrifluoroborate (CF3CF2BF3), hexafluorophosphate (PF6) and the like. ..
- bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (FSI) is preferable because it has excellent electrical characteristics.
- a lithium salt can be mentioned.
- the lithium salt include lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF6), lithium tetrafluoroborate (LiBF4), lithium perchlorate (LiClO4), lithium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide (LiTFSI), and trifluoromethanesulfon.
- lithium acid LiTFS
- lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide LiFSI
- As the electrolyte salt lithium bisfluorosulfonylimide (LiFSI) is preferable because it has excellent electrical characteristics. It is desirable that such a lithium salt is usually contained in the electrolytic solution at a concentration of 0.1 to 2.0 mol / liter, preferably 0.3 to 1.5 mol / liter.
- the concentration of the electrolyte salt is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.5 mol / kg or more per 1 kg of the electrolytic solution, preferably 0.7 mol / kg, from the viewpoint of suppressing an excessive increase in the resistance value during charging and discharging. It is more preferably kg or more, further preferably 1.0 mol / kg or more, and particularly preferably 2.0 mol / kg or more.
- the concentration of the electrolyte salt is not particularly limited, but is preferably 3.5 mol / kg or less per 1 kg of the electrolytic solution, preferably 3.3 mol / kg, from the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in ionic conductivity due to an increase in viscosity. It is more preferably less than or equal to, and even more preferably 3.0 mol / kg or less.
- the blending amount of the inorganic oxide is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 parts by mass or more, more preferably 40 parts by mass or more, and further preferably 43 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the electrolyte. ..
- the blending amount of the inorganic oxide is preferably 55 parts by mass or less, more preferably 53 parts by mass or less, and further preferably 50 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the electrolyte.
- the blending amount of the electrolytic solution using the ionic liquid is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 parts by mass or more, more preferably 40 parts by mass or more, and 43 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the electrolyte. Is even more preferable.
- the blending amount of the electrolytic solution using the ionic liquid is preferably 55 parts by mass or less, more preferably 53 parts by mass or less, and further preferably 50 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the electrolyte. preferable.
- the blending amount of the binder is not particularly limited, but is preferably 2 parts by mass or more, more preferably 3 parts by mass or more, and further preferably 4 parts by mass or more per 100 parts by mass of the electrolyte.
- the blending amount of the binder is preferably 15 parts by mass or less, more preferably 13 parts by mass or less, and further preferably 10 parts by mass or less per 100 parts by mass of the electrolyte.
- additives are not particularly limited, but are, for example, weather resistant agents, antibacterial agents, antifungal agents, pigments, rust preventives, dyes, film-forming aids, inorganic cross-linking agents, organic cross-linking agents, and silane coupling agents.
- the organic cross-linking agent is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a blocked isocyanate-based cross-linking agent, an epoxy-based cross-linking agent, a carbodiimide-based cross-linking agent, an oxazoline-based cross-linking agent, and a melamine-based cross-linking agent.
- the dispersant is not particularly limited, but a known one having a dispersing function can be used, and for example, hydroxymethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, and an alkali metal salt thereof, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose and the like can be used.
- One or more selected from polyurethane, polyester, polyacrylic amide, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, xanthan gum, carrageenan, guar gum, canten, starch and the like can be used.
- carboxymethyl cellulose salt can be preferably used.
- Examples of the power storage device of the present invention include known power storage devices, and examples thereof include, but are not limited to, a lithium secondary battery and a lithium ion capacitor.
- the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment includes a positive electrode and a negative electrode as a pair of electrodes, and also includes an electrolyte held between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode base material and a positive electrode active material layer provided on the surface of the positive electrode base material, and the positive electrode active material layer is in contact with the electrolyte.
- the negative electrode includes a negative electrode base material and a negative electrode active material layer provided on the surface of the negative electrode base material, and the negative electrode active material layer is in contact with the electrolyte.
- the positive electrode base material functions as a current collector that collects electrons generated by the electrochemical reaction of the positive electrode active material layer.
- the negative electrode base material functions as a current collector that collects electrons generated by the electrochemical reaction of the negative electrode active material layer.
- the positive electrode base material and the negative electrode base material are not particularly limited, and known metal plates and metal foils can be used.
- the positive electrode active material used for the positive electrode active material layer of the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment is not particularly limited as long as it is capable of inserting and removing lithium ions.
- Examples include metal oxides such as CuO, Cu 2 O, MnO 2 , V 2 O 5 , CrO 3 , MoO 3 , Fe 2 O 3 , Ni 2 O 3 , CoO 3 , LixCoO 2 , LixNiO 2 , and LixMn 2 .
- Composite oxides of lithium and transition metals such as O 4 , LiFePO 4 , metal chalcogens such as TiS 2 , MoS 2 , NbSe 3 , and conductive polymer compounds such as polyacene, polyparaphenylene, polypyrrole, and polyaniline Can be mentioned.
- a composite oxide of one or more selected from transition metals such as cobalt, nickel, and manganese which is generally called a high voltage system, and lithium is preferable in that lithium ion emission and high voltage can be easily obtained. ..
- a small amount of fluorine, boron, aluminum, chromium, zirconium, molybdenum, iron, and other elements are added to these lithium composite oxides, and the particle surface of the lithium composite oxide is carbon, MgO, and Al 2O . 3.
- Surface-treated products such as SiO 2 can also be used. It is also possible to use two or more kinds of the positive electrode active materials in combination.
- the negative electrode active material used for the negative electrode active material layer of the present embodiment a known active material can be used without particular limitation as long as it is capable of inserting and removing metallic lithium or lithium ions.
- carbon materials such as natural graphite, artificial graphite, non-graphitized carbon, and easily graphitized carbon can be used.
- metal materials such as metallic lithium, alloys and tin compounds, lithium transition metal nitrides, crystalline metal oxides, amorphous metal oxides, silicon compounds, conductive polymers and the like can also be used, as specific examples. , Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 , NiSi 5 C 6 and the like.
- a conductive agent is used for the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the lithium secondary battery of this embodiment.
- the conductive agent any electronically conductive material that does not adversely affect the battery performance can be used without particular limitation.
- carbon black such as acetylene black or ketchin black is used, but natural graphite (scaly graphite, scaly graphite, earthy graphite, etc.), artificial graphite, carbon whiskers, carbon fiber or metal (copper, nickel, aluminum, etc.) (Silver, gold, etc.)
- Conductive materials such as powder, metal fiber, and conductive ceramic material may be used.
- any electron conductor that does not adversely affect the configured battery can be used.
- the current collector for the positive electrode in addition to aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, nickel, calcined carbon, conductive polymer, conductive glass, etc., aluminum is used for the purpose of improving adhesiveness, conductivity, and oxidation resistance.
- a material having a surface such as carbon, nickel, titanium, silver or the like treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver or the like can be used.
- the current collector for the negative electrode includes copper, stainless steel, nickel, aluminum, titanium, calcined carbon, conductive polymer, conductive glass, Al—Cd alloy, etc., as well as adhesiveness, conductivity, and oxidation resistance.
- a copper or the like whose surface is treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver or the like can be used.
- the surface of these current collector materials can also be oxidized.
- a film shape, a sheet shape, a net shape, a punched or expanded product, a lath body, a porous body, a foam body or the like is also used.
- the thickness is not particularly limited, but one having a thickness of 1 to 100 ⁇ m is usually used.
- the electrode of the lithium secondary battery of the present embodiment can be manufactured by mixing the materials constituting the active material layer to prepare an electrode material in the form of a slurry, and applying the electrode material to a base material to volatilize the dispersion medium. can.
- a thickener such as a water-soluble polymer can be used as a viscosity adjusting agent for slurrying.
- celluloses such as carboxymethyl cellulose salt, methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose; polycarboxylic acid compounds such as polyacrylic acid and sodium polyacrylic acid; vinylpyrrolidone such as polyvinylpyrrolidone.
- Compounds having a structure one or more selected from polyacrylic amide, polyethylene oxide, polyvinyl alcohol, sodium alginate, xanthan gum, carrageenan, guar gum, canten, starch and the like can be used, and carboxymethyl cellulose salt is preferable. ..
- the method and order of mixing the electrode materials are not particularly limited, and for example, the active material and the conductive agent can be mixed in advance and used, and in that case, a mortar, a mill mixer, and a planetary type can be used for mixing.
- a ball mill such as a ball mill or a shaker type ball mill, mechanofusion, or the like can be used.
- the separator may not be used in the lithium secondary battery of this embodiment.
- the separator used in a normal lithium secondary battery can be used without particular limitation, and examples thereof include porous resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyolefin, and polytetrafluoroethylene, ceramics, and non-woven fabrics. ..
- the lithium secondary battery according to this embodiment can be formed into a cylindrical shape, a coin shape, a square shape, or any other shape, and the basic configuration of the battery is the same regardless of the shape, and the design is changed according to the purpose. Can be carried out.
- a wound body in which a negative electrode formed by applying a negative electrode active material to a negative electrode current collector and a positive electrode formed by applying a positive electrode active material to a positive electrode current collector are stored in a battery can. Then, it is obtained by injecting a non-aqueous electrolytic solution and sealing it with insulating plates placed on the top and bottom.
- a disk-shaped negative electrode, an electrolyte, a disk-shaped positive electrode, and a stainless steel plate are stacked and stored in a coin-type battery can, and a non-aqueous electrolyte solution is injected. It is sealed.
- Example 1 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (fluorosulfonyl) imide (EMImFSI, manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd., product name: Elexel IL-110), which is an ionic liquid electrolyte solvent, and lithium bis, which is a lithium salt.
- An electrolytic solution (IL electrolytic solution) in which (fluorosulfonyl) imide (LiFSI, manufactured by Kishida Chemical Co., Ltd., lithium battery grade (LBG)) was dissolved at a ratio of 1.0 mol / kg was prepared. Then, 50 parts by mass of alumina, 45 parts by mass of the electrolytic solution, and 5 parts by mass of the binder 1 (in terms of solid content) were stirred as the inorganic oxide with a rotation / revolution mixer to prepare a coating material.
- EMImFSI 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (fluorosulfonyl)
- the binder 1 was produced by the following production method. First, 77 parts by mass of polycarbonate diol (product name: PCDL T5652, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight 2000), 1 part by mass of trimetylolpropane (molecular weight 134.7), and 14 parts by mass of isophorone diisocyanate (molecular weight 222). ), 140 parts by mass of NMP, and 0.048 parts by mass of Sn catalyst (product name T-320) are added to a separable flask, and then heated and stirred at 80 ° C. for about 2 hours to f-. The reaction was carried out until the NCO reached 1.23%.
- this paint was applied to a stainless steel (SUS) plate as a base material. Then, the solvent was removed by heating and drying, and the cross-linking reaction was allowed to proceed to prepare a test piece. The heat drying was carried out at 80 ° C. for 16 hours.
- Examples other than Example 1 Comparative Example> A test piece was prepared by the same method as described in Example 1 except that the composition was changed to the composition shown in the table described later.
- Example 3 the binder 2 was used instead of the binder 1. Also in Example 17, the binder 2 was used instead of the binder 1.
- the binder 2 was produced by the following production method. First, in a separable flask, 77 parts by mass of polycarbonate diol (product name: ETERNCOLL UH-200, manufactured by Ube Kosan Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight 2000), 1 part by mass of trimetylol propane (molecular weight 134.7), and hydrogenation. After adding 17 parts by mass (molecular weight 262) of MDI, 160 parts by mass of NMP, and 0.048 parts by mass of Sn catalyst (product name: T-320) to a separable flask, about 80 ° C.
- polycarbonate diol product name: ETERNCOLL UH-200, manufactured by Ube Kosan Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight 2000
- trimetylol propane molecular weight 134.7
- Sn catalyst product name: T-320
- a binder 4 was used instead of the binder 1.
- the binder 4 was produced by the following production method. First, 77 parts by mass of polycarbonate diol (product name: PCDL T5652, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight 2000) and 1 part by mass of polyol (product name: DK polyol G-480, manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.). After adding 14 parts by mass (molecular weight 222) of isophoron diisocyanate, 140 parts by mass of NMP, and 0.048 parts by mass of Sn catalyst (product name: T-320) to a separable flask, about 80 ° C.
- PCDL T5652 manufactured by Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight 2000
- DK polyol G-480 manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.
- Sn catalyst product name: T-320
- TMB trimethyl borate
- Examples 8-10 to 15, 17 were stirred after adding trimethyl borate (TMB) as an additive together with an inorganic oxide, a binder and the like.
- TMB trimethyl borate
- Examples 8, 10, 12 to 15, 17 were stirred after adding trimethyl borate (TMB) as an additive together with an inorganic oxide, a binder and the like.
- aluminum isopropoxide (AIP) was added as an additive together with an inorganic oxide, a binder, and the like, and then the mixture was stirred.
- Example 18 aluminum isopropoxide (AIP) was added as an additive together with an inorganic oxide, a binder, and the like, and then the mixture was stirred.
- Example 19 instead of alumina, as an inorganic oxide, an oxide-based solid electrolyte (SE, product name: LICGC (registered trademark), composition: Li 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -P 2 O 5) -TiO 2 , manufactured by OHARA) was used.
- SE oxide-based solid electrolyte
- LICGC registered trademark
- composition Li 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -SiO 2 -P 2 O 5
- -TiO 2 manufactured by OHARA
- Pinder 3 was used instead of Binder 1.
- the binder 3 was manufactured by the following manufacturing method. First, 77 parts by mass of polycarbonate diol (product name: PCDL T5652, manufactured by Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd., weight average molecular weight 2,000), 1 part by mass of trimethylolpropane (molecular weight 134.7), and 14 parts by mass of isophorone diisocyanate (molecular weight 134.7). A molecular weight of 222), 140 parts by mass of NMP, and 0.048 parts by mass of a Sn catalyst (product name T-320) were added to a separable flask, and then heated and stirred at 80 ° C. for about 2 hours.
- Binder 3 was obtained by adding 660 parts by mass of NMP to the obtained reactive polyurethane solution (solid content concentration 33% by mass) and diluting to a solid content concentration of 10% by mass.
- the weight average molecular weights of the binders 1, 2 and 3 were all 30,000.
- the weight average molecular weight of the binder 4 was 35,000.
- Comparative Example 2 a binder having a mixing ratio (mass conversion) of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) of 95: 5 was used as the binder. Also in Comparative Example 3, a binder having a mixing ratio (mass conversion) of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and hexafluoropropylene (HFP) of 95: 5 was used as the binder.
- TMB trimethyl borate
- tLi indicates the lithium ion transport number
- V indicates the applied voltage
- I0 indicates the initial current
- ISS indicates the steady state current
- R0 indicates the initial resistance
- RSS indicates the steady state resistance.
- Lithium ion conductivity Lithium ion conductivity was calculated for the electrolytes obtained in each Example or Comparative Example (unit: mS / cm). The lithium ion conductivity was calculated by multiplying the above-mentioned value of ion conductivity by the value of transport number.
- the electrolyte of this embodiment can be used for a power storage device (for example, an electrode for a lithium secondary battery, etc.).
- the obtained power storage devices are various portable devices such as mobile phones, notebook computers, personal digital assistants (PDAs), video cameras, digital cameras, and medium-sized or large power storage devices mounted on electric bicycles, electric vehicles, and the like. Can be used for.
- the present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and can be realized with various configurations within a range not deviating from the gist thereof.
- the embodiments corresponding to the technical features in each of the embodiments described in the column of the outline of the invention, the technical features in the examples are for solving a part or all of the above-mentioned problems, or the above-mentioned effects. It is possible to replace or combine as appropriate to achieve some or all of the above. Further, if the technical feature is not described as essential in the present specification, it can be appropriately deleted.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の実施形態である電解質は、イオン液体と、無機酸化物と、バインダーと、を含む。バインダーは、ポリカーボネートポリオールとポリイソシアネートとを原料とし、バインダーの末端には、炭素数1~4のトリアルコキシシリル基と、エポキシ基と、オキセタニル基とからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの官能基を備えることを特徴とする。この形態によれば、イオン伝導度に優れるとともに、強度に優れる電解質を提供できる。本実施形態の電解質は、擬固体状またはゲル状である。
(ポリカーボネートポリオール)
ポリカーボネートポリオールとしては、特に限定されないが、例えば、当該技術分野で一般的に使用されるポリカーボネートポリオールを使用することができる。ポリカーボネートポリオールとしては、例えば、1,6-ヘキサンジオールのカーボネートポリオール、1,4-ブタンジオール及び1,6-ヘキサンジオールのカーボネートポリオール、1,5-ペンタンジオール及び1,6-ヘキサンジオールのカーボネートポリオール、3-メチル-1,5-ペンタンジオール及び1,6-ヘキサンジオールのカーボネートポリオール等が挙げられる。より具体的には、旭化成社製のPCDL T-6001、T-6002、T-5651、T-5652、T-5650J、T-4671、T-4672や、クラレ社製のクラレポリオールC-590、C-1050、C-1050R,C-1090,C-2050、C-2050R,C-2070、C-2070R、C-2090、C-2090R、C-3090、C-3090R、C-4090、C-4090R、C-5090、C-5090R、C-1065N、C-2065N、C-1015N、C-2015Nや、宇部興産社製のETERNACOLL(登録商標) UH-50、UH-100、UH-200、UH-300、UM-90(3/1)、UM-90(1/1)、UM-90(1/3)、UC-100等が挙げられる。
ポリイソシアネートとしては、特に限定されないが、例えば、有機ポリイソシアネート等が挙げられる。有機ポリイソシアネートとしては、特に限定されないが、例えば、脂肪族ポリイソシアネート、脂環族ポリイソシアネート、芳香族ポリイソシアネート、芳香脂肪族ポリイソシアネート等を挙げることができる。脂肪族ポリイソシアネートとしては、テトラメチレンジイソシアネート、ドデカメチレンジイソシアネート、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、2,2,4-トリメチルヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、2,4,4-トリメチルヘキサメチレンジイソシアネート、リジンジイソシアネート、2-メチルペンタン-1,5-ジイソシアネート、3-メチルペンタン-1,5-ジイソシアネート等を挙げることができる。脂環族ポリイソシアネートとしては、イソホロンジイソシアネート、水素添加キシリレンジイソシアネート、4,4’-ジシクロヘキシルメタンジイソシアネート、1,4-シクロヘキサンジイソシアネート、メチルシクロヘキシレンジイソシアネート、1,3-ビス(イソシアネートメチル)シクロヘキサン等を挙げることができる。芳香族ポリイソシアネートとしては、トリレンジイソシアネート、2,2’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート、2,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート、4,4’
-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)、4,4’-ジベンジルジイソシアネート、1,5-ナフチレンジイソシアネート、キシリレンジイソシアネート、1,3-フェニレンジイソシアネート、1,4-フェニレンジイソシアネート等を挙げることができる。芳香脂肪族ポリイソシアネートとしては、ジアルキルジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート、テトラアルキルジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート、α,α,α,α-テトラメチルキシリレンジイソシアネート等を挙げることができる。また、ポリイソシアネートとしては、これらの有機ポリイソシアネートの2量体又は3量体や、ビュレット化イソシアネート等の変性体を挙げることができる。ポリイソシアネートは、一種のみを使用してもよく、二種以上を併用してもよい。
-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン等のアルコキシシリル基含有モノアミン、N-β(アミノエチル)γ-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン(N-2-(アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン)、N-β(アミノエチル)γ-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン(N-2-(アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン)、N-β(アミノエチル)γ-アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン(N-2-(アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン)、N-β(アミノエチル) γ-アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン(N-2-(アミノエチル)-3-アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン)等が挙げられる。
・ポンプ:島津製作所社製LC-20AD
・カラム:昭和電工社製Shodex OH pak SB-806M(8.0mmφ×300mm)×2本
・移動相:50mmol/L 臭化リチウム含有N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド
・流量:0.5mL/分
・温度:50℃
・カラムヒーター:島津製作所社製CTO-20A
・検出器:示差屈折計(RI)島津製作所社製RID-20A
・注入量:100μL
・オートサンプラー:島津製作所社製SIL-20AHT
バインダーの製造方法としては、特に限定されず、公知の方法を用いることができる。バインダーの製造方法としては、例えば、以下の方法が挙げられる。まず、炭素数1~4のトリアルコキシシリル基と、エポキシ基と、オキセタニル基とからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの官能基および活性水素基を有する化合物と、ポリイソシアネートと、ポリカーボネートポリオール等を30℃~130℃で0.5時間~10時間程度の反応条件で反応させた後、必要に応じてこれを5℃~45℃に冷却することにより、バインダーを得ることができる。尚、溶媒として、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)などの任意の有機溶媒を使用することができる。この場合、ポリイソシアネートの全イソシアネート基当量と、ポリカーボネートポリオール、炭素数1~4のトリアルコキシシリル基と、エポキシ基と、オキセタニル基とからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの官能基および活性水素基を有する化合物、およびその他の活性水素基を有する化合物の全活性水素基当量との比(全イソシアネート基当量/全活性水素基当量)は、0.9~1.0が好ましい。なお、本明細書において、活性水素基とは、ヒドロキシ基、1級アミノ基、2級アミノ基を示す。
本実施形態の電解質は、無機酸化物を備える。無機酸化物としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、酸化ケイ素、酸化チタン、酸化アルミニウム(アルミナ)、酸化ジルコニウム、酸化ハフニウム、酸化ニオブ、酸化タンタル、酸化マグネシウム、酸化カルシウム、酸化ストロンチウム、酸化バリウム、酸化錫、酸化鉛等が挙げられる。また、無機酸化物として、酸化物系固体電解質(SE:Solid Electrolyte)を用いてもよい。酸化物系固体電解質としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、OHARA社製のLICGC(登録商標、組成:Li2O-Al2O3-SiO2-P2O5-TiO2)等が挙げられる。無機酸化物としては、酸化ケイ素、酸化アルミニウムが好ましく、酸化アルミニウムがより好ましい。
電解質には、無機酸化物とは異なる添加剤を加えることが好ましい。この添加剤としては、例えば、ホウ素化合物とアルミニウム化合物との少なくとも一方であることが好ましい。この添加剤を電解質に加えることによって、バインダーの末端の上記官能基とこの添加剤とが結合すると考えられ、この結果として、イオン伝導度がさらに向上すると考えられる。
ブチルボロン酸、フェニルボロン酸等が挙げられる。ボロン酸無水物としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、プロピルボロン酸無水物、イソプロピルボロン酸無水物、ブチルボロン酸無水物、t-ブチルボロン酸無水物、フェニルボロン酸無水物等が挙げられる。ホウ素化合物としては、ホウ酸エステルが好ましく、ホウ酸トリメチル(TMB)とホウ酸トリエチルとがより好ましい。
本実施形態の電解質は、イオン液体を含む。イオン液体のカチオンとしては、特に限定されないが、例えば、ブチルピリジニウム、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム(EMIm)、1-ブチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム(BMIm)、1、2-ジメチル3-プロピルイミダゾリウム、1-メチル-1-プロピルピペリジニウム、1-ブチル-1-メチルピロリジニウム、N,N-ジエチル-N-メチル-N-(2-メトキシエチル)アンモニウム(DEME)、1-メチル-1-プロピルピロリジニウム(P13)、N-メチル-N-プロピルピペリジニウム(PP13)、N-エチル-N-ブチルピロリジニウム(P24)等が挙げられる。イオン液体のカチオンとしては、1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウム(EMIm)が電気特性に優れるので好ましい。
必要に応じて、一般的に使用される各種添加剤をさらに使用することができる。このような添加剤としては、特に限定されないが、例えば、耐候剤、抗菌剤、抗カビ剤、顔料、防錆剤、染料、造膜助剤、無機架橋剤、有機架橋剤、シランカップリング剤、ブロッキング防止剤、粘度調整剤、レベリング剤、消泡剤、分散剤、光安定剤、酸化防止剤、紫外線吸収剤、無機充填剤、有機充填剤、可塑剤、滑剤、帯電防止剤等が挙げられる。
層が電解質と接する。同様に、負極は、負極基材と、負極基材の表面に設けられた負極活物質層とを備え、負極活物質層が電解質と接する。
イオン液体系の電解液溶媒である1-エチル-3-メチルイミダゾリウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド(EMImFSI,第一工業製薬社製、製品名:エレクセルIL-110)に、リチウム塩であるリチウムビス(フルオロスルホニル)イミド(LiFSI,キシダ化学社製、リチウムバッテリーグレード(LBG))を1.0mol/kgの割合で溶解させた電解液(IL電解液)を用意した。その後、無機酸化物としてアルミナを50質量部と、電解液を45質量部と、バインダー1(固形分換算)を5質量部と、を自転公転ミキサーで攪拌することにより、塗料を調製した。
名:PCDL T5652、旭化成社製、重量平均分子量2000)を77質量部と、トリメチロールプロパンを1質量部(分子量134.7)と、イソホロンジイソシアネートを14質量部(分子量222)と、NMPを140質量部と、Sn触媒(製品名T-320)を0.048質量部とを、セパラブルフラスコに加えた後、80℃で約2時間加熱撹拌することにより、f-NCOが1.23%となるまで反応させた。続いて、3-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシランを5質量部(製品名:KBM-903、信越化学製、分子量179.3)と、NMPを72質量部とをセパラブルフラスコに加えた後、室温下で約1時間撹拌することにより反応させた。得られた反応性ポリウレタン溶液(固形分濃度33質量%)にNMPを660質量部添加することにより、固形分濃度10質量%まで希釈することにより、バインダー1を得た。バインダー1の末端には、トリメトキシシリル基を備える。
後述する表の組成に変更した以外は実施例1記載の方法と同様の方法で試験片を作製した。
リメチル(TMB)を添加した後に攪拌した。実施例8,10,12~15、17においても、無機酸化物やバインダー等と一緒に、添加剤としてホウ酸トリメチル(TMB)を添加した後に攪拌した。実施例6では、無機酸化物やバインダー等と一緒に、添加剤としてアルミニウムイソプロポキシド(AIP)を添加した後に攪拌した。実施例18においても、無機酸化物やバインダー等と一緒に、添加剤としてアルミニウムイソプロポキシド(AIP)を添加した後に攪拌した。
(イオン伝導度)
各実施例または各比較例で得られた電解質について、その厚さ(膜厚)を測定した。その後、この試験片について、バイオロジック社(Bio-Logic SAS)製インピーダンスアナライザー(製品名:SP-150)を用いて、周波数1MHz~0.1Hzの条件で電気化学インピーダンス(EIS)測定することにより、バルク抵抗値を得た。そして、電解質の膜厚をバルク抵抗値で除算することにより、イオン伝導度を算出した(単位:mS/cm)。算出した値が大きいほど、イオン伝導度に優れる。
各実施例または各比較例で得られた電解質について、2枚のリチウム箔で挟み、リチウム対称セルを作製した。そして、リチウム対称セルに対するインピーダンスおよびインプット電圧に対して、経時的に低下する電流値(current decay)を測定した。その後、下記式(1)を用いて、リチウムイオン輸率を求めた。
各実施例または各比較例で得られた電解質について、リチウムイオン伝導度を算出した(単位:mS/cm)。リチウムイオン伝導度は、上述のイオン電導度の値に輸率の値を乗じることによって算出した。
各実施例または各比較例で得られた電解質の膜について、基材から手で剥がせるかどうかを確認した。剥がせる場合、膜強度に優れる。
〇:剥がせる
×:剥がせない
Claims (9)
- イオン液体と、無機酸化物と、バインダーと、を含む電解質であり、
前記バインダーは、ポリカーボネートポリオールとポリイソシアネートとを原料とし、
前記バインダーの末端には、炭素数1~4のトリアルコキシシリル基と、エポキシ基と、オキセタニル基とからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一つの官能基を備えることを特徴とする、
電解質。 - 請求項1に記載の電解質であって、さらに、
前記無機酸化物とは異なる添加剤を含み、
前記添加剤は、ホウ素化合物とアルミニウム化合物との少なくとも一方であることを特徴とする、 電解質。 - 請求項2に記載の電解質であって、
前記添加物は、前記ホウ素化合物であり、
前記ホウ素化合物のモル数は、前記電解質1kgあたり、0.55mol/kg以下であることを特徴とする、
電解質。 - 請求項2に記載の電解質であって、
前記添加物は、前記アルミニウム化合物であり、
前記アルミニウム化合物のモル数は、前記電解質1kgあたり、0.05mol/kg以下であることを特徴とする、
電解質。 - 請求項2または請求項3に記載の電解質であって、
前記添加剤は、ホウ酸エステルであることを特徴とする、
電解質。 - 請求項5に記載の電解質であって
前記ホウ酸エステルは、ホウ酸トリメチルとホウ酸トリエチルとの少なくとも一方であることを特徴とする、
電解質。 - 請求項1から6までのいずれか1項に記載の電解質であって、
前記無機酸化物として、酸化ケイ素と酸化アルミニウムとの少なくとも一方を含むことを特徴とする、
電解質。 - 請求項1から7までのいずれか1項に記載の電解質であって、
前記バインダーの重量平均分子量は、10,000以上120,000以下であることを特徴とする、
電解質。 - 請求項1から8までのいずれか1項に記載の電解質を備えることを特徴とする、
蓄電デバイス。
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| US18/268,093 US20240047742A1 (en) | 2020-12-28 | 2021-12-20 | Electrolyte and storage device |
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| JP7440697B1 (ja) | 2023-11-13 | 2024-02-28 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | 非水電解液用添加剤、非水電解液、及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| WO2024154747A1 (ja) * | 2023-01-20 | 2024-07-25 | 三菱瓦斯化学株式会社 | ポリカーボネート樹脂を含む電解液及びそれから得られる電解質 |
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| JP7440697B1 (ja) | 2023-11-13 | 2024-02-28 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | 非水電解液用添加剤、非水電解液、及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
| WO2025105074A1 (ja) * | 2023-11-13 | 2025-05-22 | 第一工業製薬株式会社 | 非水電解液用添加剤、非水電解液、及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
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| US20240047742A1 (en) | 2024-02-08 |
| EP4270430A1 (en) | 2023-11-01 |
| JPWO2022145264A1 (ja) | 2022-07-07 |
| EP4270430A4 (en) | 2025-06-25 |
| KR20230125773A (ko) | 2023-08-29 |
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