WO2022196620A1 - ペースト組成物、半導体装置、電気部品及び電子部品 - Google Patents
ペースト組成物、半導体装置、電気部品及び電子部品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022196620A1 WO2022196620A1 PCT/JP2022/011246 JP2022011246W WO2022196620A1 WO 2022196620 A1 WO2022196620 A1 WO 2022196620A1 JP 2022011246 W JP2022011246 W JP 2022011246W WO 2022196620 A1 WO2022196620 A1 WO 2022196620A1
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- paste composition
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/14—Solid materials, e.g. powdery or granular
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/052—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/054—Nanosized particles
- B22F1/056—Submicron particles having a size above 100 nm up to 300 nm
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
- B22F1/102—Metallic powder coated with organic material
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/16—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes
- B22F9/18—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds
- B22F9/24—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using chemical processes with reduction of metal compounds starting from liquid metal compounds, e.g. solutions
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering or brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
- B23K35/025—Pastes, creams or slurries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550°C
- B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/36—Selection of non-metallic compositions, e.g. coatings or fluxes; Selection of soldering or welding materials, conjoint with selection of non-metallic compositions, both selections being of interest
- B23K35/365—Selection of non-metallic compositions of coating materials either alone or conjoint with selection of soldering or welding materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/02—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of metals or alloys
- H01B1/026—Alloys based on copper
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2301/00—Metallic composition of the powder or its coating
- B22F2301/10—Copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2304/00—Physical aspects of the powder
- B22F2304/05—Submicron size particles
- B22F2304/054—Particle size between 1 and 100 nm
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2304/00—Physical aspects of the powder
- B22F2304/05—Submicron size particles
- B22F2304/058—Particle size above 300 nm up to 1 micrometer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2999/00—Aspects linked to processes or compositions used in powder metallurgy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
- H10W72/30—Die-attach connectors
- H10W72/351—Materials of die-attach connectors
- H10W72/352—Materials of die-attach connectors comprising metals or metalloids, e.g. solders
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W72/00—Interconnections or connectors in packages
- H10W72/851—Dispositions of multiple connectors or interconnections
- H10W72/874—On different surfaces
- H10W72/884—Die-attach connectors and bond wires
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W90/00—Package configurations
- H10W90/701—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts
- H10W90/731—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of die-attach connectors
- H10W90/736—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of die-attach connectors between a chip and a stacked lead frame, conducting package substrate or heat sink
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10W—GENERIC PACKAGES, INTERCONNECTIONS, CONNECTORS OR OTHER CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF DEVICES COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H10W90/00—Package configurations
- H10W90/701—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts
- H10W90/751—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of bond wires
- H10W90/756—Package configurations characterised by the relative positions of pads or connectors relative to package parts of bond wires between a chip and a stacked lead frame, conducting package substrate or heat sink
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to paste compositions and semiconductor devices, electrical components, and electronic components joined by the paste compositions.
- semiconductor products With the large capacity, high-speed processing, and fine wiring of semiconductor products, semiconductor products generate a large amount of heat during operation. So-called thermal management, which allows heat to escape from semiconductor products, is becoming more and more important. For this reason, semiconductor products generally adopt a method of attaching a heat dissipating member such as a heat spreader or a heat sink. Materials for adhering heat radiating members are desired to have higher thermal conductivity.
- the semiconductor element is adhered to an organic substrate that has a heat dissipation mechanism such as thermal vias.
- the material for bonding the semiconductor element is required to have high thermal conductivity.
- materials for bonding semiconductor elements are widely used in lighting devices such as backlights for full-color liquid crystal screens, ceiling lights, and downlights. Due to the high current input due to the high output of the light emitting element, the adhesive between the light emitting element and the substrate is discolored by heat and light, and the electric resistance value changes with time.
- the adhesive strength of the bonding material decreases at the melting temperature of the solder, causing the bonding material to peel off, leading to non-lighting.
- the structure of the LED and the members used therefor are also required to improve the heat dissipation.
- the paste composition of the present disclosure is a paste composition containing first copper particles, The first copper particles are coated with at least one compound selected from (a) an amine compound and (b) a carboxylic acid amine salt, and are detected in the paste composition.
- the total content of the (a) amine compound and the (b) carboxylic acid amine salt is less than 1% by mass of the entire paste composition.
- a semiconductor device of the present disclosure is formed by bonding using the paste composition described in [1] above.
- An electrical component of the present disclosure is joined using the paste composition described in [1] above.
- An electronic component of the present disclosure is obtained by bonding using the paste composition described in [1] above.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a semiconductor device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an electrical component of one embodiment of the present disclosure
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an electrical component of one embodiment of the present disclosure
- Copper paste using sinterable copper nanoparticles has a longer curing time compared to solder paste due to the principle of bonding. do. In the copper paste using sinterable copper nanoparticles, oxidation of the surfaces of the copper nanoparticles progresses during this waiting time, and joint reliability may decrease.
- the present disclosure is a paste composition that is resistant to oxidation and maintains high sinterability and bondability without being affected by the atmospheric exposure time before curing, and high reliability by using the paste composition.
- the Company provides semiconductor devices, electrical components and electronic components.
- the paste composition of the present embodiment contains first copper particles in which copper particles serving as a base material are coated with at least one compound selected from (a) an amine compound and (b) a carboxylic acid amine salt. and the total content of the (a) amine compound and the (b) carboxylic acid amine salt detected in the paste composition is less than 1% by mass of the entire paste composition.
- the paste composition has low sinterability and bondability, and furthermore, there is a possibility that the sinterability and bondability after exposure to the atmosphere may decrease.
- the total content of the (a) amine compound and the (b) carboxylic acid amine salt may be less than 0.8% by mass, or less than 0.5% by mass. well, it may be less than 0.3% by mass.
- the (a) amine compound and the (b) carboxylic acid amine salt are blended when synthesizing the first copper particles.
- the total content of the (a) amine compound and the (b) carboxylic acid amine salt in the paste composition is determined by a chromatography method represented by gas chromatography and liquid chromatography, or by mass spectrometry. It is possible to measure by a combined method. Specifically, it can be measured by the method described in Examples.
- the first copper particles used in the present embodiment are obtained by coating copper particles as a base material with at least one compound selected from (a) an amine compound and (b) a carboxylic acid amine salt.
- the first copper particles may be coated with (b) a carboxylic acid amine salt from the viewpoint of uniforming the sintering speed and degree of sintering between the inside of the joining layer and the fillet portion and improving the joining characteristics.
- the copper particles that are the base material of the first copper particles are derived from a copper compound.
- the copper compound is not particularly limited as long as it contains a copper atom.
- Examples of copper compounds include copper carboxylate, copper oxide, copper hydroxide, and copper nitride.
- the copper compound may be copper carboxylate from the viewpoint of uniformity during the reaction. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- copper carboxylates examples include copper formate (I), copper acetate (I), copper propionate (I), copper butyrate (I), copper valerate (I), copper caproate (I), copper caprylate (I ), copper (I) caprate, copper (II) formate, copper (II) acetate, copper (II) propionate, copper (II) butyrate, copper (II) valerate, copper (II) caproate, caprylic acid Carboxylic acid copper anhydrides or hydrates, such as copper (II), copper (II) caprate, and copper (II) citrate.
- the copper carboxylate may be copper (II) acetate monohydrate from the viewpoint of productivity and availability. Moreover, these may be used independently and may use 2 or more types together.
- a commercially available copper carboxylate may be used, or one obtained by synthesis may be used.
- Carboxylic acid copper can be synthesized by a known method, for example, it can be obtained by mixing and/or heating copper (II) hydroxide and a carboxylic acid compound.
- Copper oxide includes copper (II) oxide and copper (I) oxide, and may be copper (I) oxide from the viewpoint of productivity.
- Copper hydroxide includes copper (II) hydroxide and copper (I) hydroxide. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- At least one compound selected from (a) the amine compound and (b) the carboxylic acid amine salt may cover a part of the surface of the copper particles that are the base material of the first copper particles. , may cover the whole.
- the first copper particles cover the surface of the copper particles as the base material, and the mass coverage of at least one compound selected from (a) an amine compound and (b) a carboxylic acid amine salt is sinterable and From the viewpoint of bondability, the content may be 0.05% or more, 0.1% or more, 0.2% or more, or 0.5% or more. Also, the upper limit of the mass coverage may be 10%, 7%, 5%, or 3%.
- the mass coverage rate is the mass reduction rate calculated from the mass of the first copper particles before heating and the mass of the first copper particles after heating with an infrared lamp heating device or the like. Specifically, the mass coverage can be measured by the method described in Examples.
- Examples of (a) amine compounds used in the present embodiment include monoamines having one amino group and diamines having two amino groups.
- Examples of monoamines include dipropylamine, butylamine, dibutylamine, hexylamine, cyclohexylamine, heptylamine, octylamine, nonylamine, decylamine, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, dodecylamine, oleylamine, monoethanolamine, 3- Amino-1-propanol, 3-amino-2-propanol and the like can be mentioned.
- Diamines include, for example, ethylenediamine, N,N-dimethylethylenediamine, N,N'-dimethylethylenediamine, N,N-diethylethylenediamine, N,N'-diethylethylenediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 2,2-dimethyl -1,3-propanediamine, N,N-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N,N'-dimethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, N,N-diethyl-1,3-diaminopropane, 1, 4-diaminobutane, 1,5-diamino-2-methylpentane, 1,6-diaminohexane, N,N'-dimethyl-1,6-diaminohexane, 1,7-diaminoheptane, 1,8-diaminooctane etc.
- the (b) carboxylic acid amine salt used in the present embodiment can be obtained from a carboxylic acid compound and an amine compound, and commercially available products may be used. You may use what was obtained by synthesis
- a carboxylic acid amine salt is produced by blending a carboxylic acid compound and an amine compound in an equivalent amount of functional groups in an organic solvent and mixing them under relatively mild temperature conditions of room temperature (25°C) to about 100°C. . It may be taken out from the reaction liquid containing the product by a distillation method, a recrystallization method, or the like.
- the carboxylic acid compound constituting the carboxylic acid amine salt is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having a carboxy group, and examples thereof include monocarboxylic acids, dicarboxylic acids, aromatic carboxylic acids, and hydroxy acids. From the viewpoint of sinterability, the carboxylic acid compound may be a monocarboxylic acid or a dicarboxylic acid. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the carboxylic acid compound constituting the carboxylic acid amine salt may have a thermal decomposition temperature of 200°C or lower, 190°C or lower, or 180°C or lower.
- the boiling point of the carboxylic acid compound constituting the carboxylic acid amine salt is lower than the thermal decomposition temperature, the boiling point may be 280° C. or lower or 260° C. or lower from the viewpoint of sinterability. , 240° C. or lower.
- monocarboxylic acids include formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid (octanoic acid), octylic acid, nonanoic acid, capric acid ( decanoic acid), oleic acid, stearic acid, and isostearic acid. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the monocarboxylic acid may be formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, octylic acid, nonanoic acid, capric acid, valeric acid, caproic acid. , caprylic acid, octylic acid, nonanoic acid, capric acid.
- dicarboxylic acids include oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, diglycolic acid, and the like. mentioned. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the dicarboxylic acid may be oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, or diglycolic acid, or oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, or diglycolic acid.
- aromatic carboxylic acids include benzoic acid, phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, terephthalic acid, salicylic acid, and gallic acid. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the aromatic carboxylic acid may be benzoic acid from the viewpoint of sinterability.
- hydroxy acids include glycolic acid, lactic acid, tartronic acid, malic acid, glyceric acid, hydroxybutyric acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, and isocitric acid. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the hydroxy acid may be glycolic acid, lactic acid, or malic acid from the viewpoint of sinterability.
- the amine compound constituting the carboxylic acid amine salt is not particularly limited as long as it is a compound having an amino group, and examples thereof include alkylmonoamines, alkyldiamines and alkanolamines. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amine compound may be alkylmonoamine or alkanolamine from the viewpoint of enhancing sinterability.
- alkylmonoamines include methylamine, ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, hexylamine, octylamine, decylamine, and dodecylamine. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the alkyl monoamine may be hexylamine, octylamine, or decylamine from the viewpoint of enhancing sinterability.
- alkyldiamines include 1,1-methanediamine, 1,2-ethanediamine, 1,3-propanediamine, 1,4-butanediamine, and 1,6-hexane. diamine, 1,8-octanediamine and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the alkyldiamine may be 1,4-butanediamine or 1,6-hexanediamine from the viewpoint of enhancing sinterability.
- alkanolamines include monoethanolamine, monopropanolamine, monobutanolamine, 2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethanol, 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol, 1-amino-2-propanol, 2-amino-1-propanol, 3-amino-1,2-propanediol and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the alkanolamine may be monoethanolamine, monopropanolamine, monobutanolamine, 1-amino-2-propanol, or 2-amino-1-propanol from the viewpoint of enhancing sinterability.
- the first copper particles may have a median diameter (D50) of 50 nm or more and 500 nm or less, or 55 nm or more and 400 nm or less, from the viewpoint of reduction of oxidation and denseness of the bonding layer. It may be 60 nm or more and 300 nm or less, or 60 nm or more and 200 nm or less. The smaller the median diameter, the larger the specific surface area and the easier it is to oxidize.
- the median diameter of the first copper particles was extracted from an image taken with a scanning electron microscope (for example, trade name: JSM-F100; SEM manufactured by JEOL Ltd.) under conditions of an acceleration voltage of 15 kV and a magnification of 50,000. It is calculated as the median value of area equivalent circle diameters of at least 2000 copper particles. Specifically, it can be measured by the method described in Examples.
- the first copper particles may have a crystallite diameter of 30 nm or more and 150 nm or less, more than 50 nm and 120 nm or less, or more than 50 nm and 100 nm or less.
- the crystallite size is calculated by the Scherrer method using the Cu (111) peak obtained by X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurement. Specifically, it can be measured by the method described in Examples.
- the degree of oxidation of the first copper particles may be 0.01% or more and 3.0% or less, may be 0.02% or more and 2.6% or less, or may be 0.05% or more , 2.5% or less, or 0.1% or more and 2.0% or less.
- the degree of oxidation can be quantified, for example, by using an X-ray diffractometer and analyzing the obtained data by the Rietveld method. Specifically, it can be measured by the method described in Examples.
- the content of the first copper particles may be 10% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, or may be 10% by mass or more and 60% by mass or less, relative to the total amount of the paste composition. % or more and 40% by mass or less.
- a copper compound is reduced with a reducing compound in the presence of at least one compound selected from (a) an amine compound and (b) a carboxylic acid amine salt. is mentioned.
- the copper compound (a) the amine compound, and (b) the carboxylic acid amine salt, those described in the section [First copper particles] can be used.
- the reducing compound is not particularly limited as long as it has a reducing power to reduce the copper compound and liberate metallic copper, and examples thereof include hydrazine derivatives.
- hydrazine derivatives include hydrazine monohydrate, methylhydrazine, ethylhydrazine, n-propylhydrazine, i-propylhydrazine, n-butylhydrazine, i-butylhydrazine, sec-butylhydrazine, t-butylhydrazine, n -pentylhydrazine, i-pentylhydrazine, neo-pentylhydrazine, t-pentylhydrazine, n-hexylhydrazine, i-hexylhydrazine, n-heptylhydrazine, n-octylhydrazine, n-nonylhydrazine,
- the copper compound, at least one compound selected from (a) the amine compound and (b) the carboxylic acid amine salt, and the reducing compound may be mixed in an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent can be used without particular limitation as long as it can be used as a reaction solvent that does not impair the properties of the complex or the like produced from the mixture obtained by mixing the raw materials described above. Among them, an alcohol that exhibits compatibility with the reducing compound may be used.
- Examples of the alcohol include 1-propanol, 2-propanol, butanol, pentanol, hexanol, heptanol, octanol, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propanediol, butyl carbitol, butyl carbitol acetate, Ethyl carbitol, ethyl carbitol acetate, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, butyl cellosolve and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the order of mixing the compounds is not particularly limited, and the compounds may be mixed in any order.
- the copper compound is mixed with at least one compound selected from the (a) amine compound and (b) carboxylic acid amine salt, and the mixture is heated at 0° C. or higher and 110° C. or lower for about 5 minutes or longer and 30 minutes or shorter.
- the reducing compound may be added and mixed.
- the amount of at least one compound selected from the copper compound, the (a) amine compound, and (b) carboxylic acid amine salt, and the reducing compound used is the above ( At least one compound selected from a) an amine compound and (b) a carboxylic acid amine salt may be 0.5 mol or more and 10 mol or less, and the reducing compound may be 0.5 mol or more and 5 mol or less. At least one compound selected from amine compounds and (b) carboxylic acid amine salts may be 1 mol or more and 5 mol or less, and the reducing compound may be 0.8 mol or more and 3 mol or less.
- the amount of the organic solvent may be sufficient to allow each component to react sufficiently. 10 volumes or more and 1000 volumes or less may be used.
- the mixture obtained by mixing is sufficiently heated to advance the reduction reaction of the copper compound.
- the heating temperature of the mixture may be 25° C. or higher and 120° C. or lower, 50° C. or higher and 120° C. or lower, or 80° C. or higher and 120° C. or lower.
- the heating time may be 20 minutes or more and 360 minutes or less, 30 minutes or more and 300 minutes or less, or 40 minutes or more and 240 minutes or less.
- the solid precipitated by heating may be separated from excess (a) amine compound and/or (b) carboxylic acid amine salt by centrifugation or the like, washed with an organic solvent, and dried under reduced pressure.
- the first copper particles can be obtained.
- the number of washings, the amount of the organic solvent used, the washing time, etc. can be appropriately adjusted for the washing, and the degree of oxidation of the first copper particles obtained by this can be adjusted within the range described above.
- the number of washings may be, for example, 2 or more and 20 or less, 3 or more and 16 or less, 4 or more and 12 or less, or 5 or more and 10 or less. good too.
- the amount of the organic solvent used may be, for example, 10% volume or more, 100% volume or more, or 1000% volume or more of the first copper particles.
- the washing time may be 1 minute or more and 40 minutes or less, 3 minutes or more and 35 minutes or less, or 5 minutes or more and 30 minutes or less.
- the content of impurities such as (a) amine compound and (b) carboxylic acid amine salt in the paste composition containing the first copper particles is reduced by the washing, but the number of times of washing is increased. Along with this, the degree of oxidation of the first copper particles increases. Therefore, by appropriately adjusting the washing, the total content of (a) the amine compound and (b) the carboxylic acid amine salt in the paste composition is controlled to be less than the above value, and the first copper particles are oxidized. degree should be controlled within the above range.
- the paste composition of the present embodiment may further contain second copper particles having a particle size larger than that of the first copper particles.
- the second copper particles may have a median diameter (D50) of 1 ⁇ m or more and 8 ⁇ m or less, 1.5 ⁇ m or more and 7 ⁇ m or less, or 2 ⁇ m or more and 6 ⁇ m or less.
- D50 median diameter
- the median diameter is within the above range, the internal shrinkage during sintering is suppressed and the sinterability with the joint interface (dissimilar metal) is improved, thereby improving the joint strength.
- the second copper particles may have a crystallite diameter of 70 nm or more and 140 nm or less, 75 nm or more and 130 nm or less, or 80 nm or more and 120 nm or less.
- the second copper particles may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the median diameter of the second copper particles is based on the number of particles, and can be measured using a laser diffraction scattering particle size distribution analyzer or the like.
- the shape of the second copper particles is not particularly limited, and may be spherical, plate-shaped, flake-shaped, scale-shaped, dendritic, rod-shaped, wire-shaped, or the like.
- the second copper particles commercially available products may be used.
- median diameter 3.9 ⁇ m
- crystallite diameter 102 nm
- the content of the second copper particles may be 10% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less, or may be 10% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less, or 20% by mass with respect to the total amount of the paste composition. % or more and 60% by mass or less.
- the paste composition of the present embodiment may further contain a phosphate ester from the viewpoint of storage stability. Since the phosphate ester has the effect of removing the oxide film on the surface of the first copper particles generated by exposure to the atmosphere during heating, the sinterability of the paste composition is high when the paste composition contains the phosphate ester. Become. Further, if the total content of the (a) amine compound and the (b) carboxylic acid amine salt contained in the paste composition of the present embodiment is less than the above value, the effect of the phosphate ester is reduced. There is no
- Both the acid value and the amine value of the phosphate ester may be 130 mgKOH/g or less, 120 mgKOH/g or less, or 110 mgKOH/g or less.
- the acid value and the amine value of the phosphoric acid ester are the above values or less, the change in the degree of oxidation of the first copper particles can be minimized.
- the acid value (mgKOH/g) can be calculated according to JIS K 0070:1992
- the amine value can be calculated according to JIS K 7237:1995.
- the phosphate ester may have a ratio of acid value to amine value [acid value/amine value] of 0 or more and 1.5 or less, or may be 0 or more and 1.2 or less. When the ratio [acid value/amine value] is within the above range, the change in the degree of oxidation of the first copper particles can be reduced.
- phosphate ester examples include alkyl phosphate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate, and polyoxyethylene alkylphenyl ether phosphate. More specifically, DISPERBYK (registered trademark; hereinafter abbreviated)-102 (acid value: 101 mg KOH / g), DISPERBYK-111 (acid value: 129 mg KOH / g), DISPERBYK-145 (acid value: 76 mg KOH / g , amine value: 71 mgKOH / g), DISPERBYK-180 (acid value: 94 mgKOH / g, amine value: 94 mgKOH / g), DISPERBYK-185 (amine value: 17 mgKOH / g), DISPERBYK-190 (acid value: 10 mgKOH / g ), DISPERBYK-2155 (amine value: 48 mgKOH/g) and the like.
- DISPERBYK
- the content thereof may be 0.01% by mass or more and 2.0% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the paste composition. It may be at least 1.8% by mass, or at least 0.5% by mass and not more than 1.5% by mass.
- the paste composition of this embodiment may contain an organic solvent.
- the organic solvent may be an alcohol, and examples thereof include aliphatic polyhydric alcohols.
- aliphatic polyhydric alcohols include glycols such as ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, propylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, 1,4-butanediol, glycerin and polyethylene glycol. These organic solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the content may be 10 parts by mass or more and 50 parts by mass or less when the first copper particles are 100 parts by mass, or 20 parts by mass. It may be more than or equal to 40 parts by mass or less. When it is 10 parts by mass or more, the viscosity does not become too high, and workability can be improved. can increase
- the paste composition of the present embodiment includes a thermosetting resin, a curing accelerator, a stress reducing agent such as rubber and silicone, and a coupling agent, which are generally blended in this type of composition.
- a thermosetting resin such as acrylic acid
- a curing accelerator such as rubber and silicone
- a stress reducing agent such as rubber and silicone
- a coupling agent which are generally blended in this type of composition.
- antifoaming agents, surfactants, pigments, colorants such as dyes, polymerization inhibitors, antioxidants, and other various additives may be blended as necessary. Each of these additives may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the paste composition of the present embodiment includes the above-described first copper particles, and the second copper particles, phosphate ester, organic solvent, thermosetting resin, coupling agent, etc., which are blended as necessary. After thoroughly mixing the agents and the like, they are further kneaded using a disperse, a kneader, a three-roll mill, or the like, and then defoamed.
- the viscosity of the paste composition of the present embodiment may be 20 Pa ⁇ s or more and 300 Pa ⁇ s or less, or may be 40 Pa ⁇ s or more and 200 Pa ⁇ s or less.
- the bonding strength of the paste composition of the present embodiment may be 25 MPa or more, or may be 30 MPa or more. The viscosity and bonding strength can be measured by the methods described in Examples.
- the paste composition of the present embodiment thus obtained has excellent storage stability and oxidation resistance, and maintains high sinterability and bondability without being affected by the atmospheric exposure time before curing. can be done.
- the semiconductor device, electrical component, and electronic component of the present embodiment are bonded using the paste composition described above, and thus have high reliability.
- the semiconductor device of this embodiment is formed by bonding a semiconductor element onto a substrate that serves as an element supporting member using the paste composition described above. That is, here, the paste composition is used as a die attach paste, and the semiconductor element and the substrate are bonded and fixed via this paste.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the semiconductor device of this embodiment.
- a semiconductor device 10 has a semiconductor element 3 provided on a lead frame 1 with a cured paste composition 2 interposed therebetween. Also, the electrodes 4 on the semiconductor element 3 and the lead portions 5 of the lead frame 1 are connected by bonding wires 6, and these are sealed with a cured product 7 of a sealing resin composition.
- the semiconductor element may be any known semiconductor element, such as a transistor and a diode.
- semiconductor devices include wide bandgap semiconductor devices such as SiC and GaN; and light emitting devices such as LEDs.
- the type of the light-emitting device is not particularly limited, and examples include those in which a nitride semiconductor such as InN, AlN, GaN, InGaN, AlGaN, InGaAlN, etc. is formed as a light-emitting layer on a substrate by the MOBVC method or the like. be done.
- the element support member includes a support member made of a material such as copper, silver-plated copper, PPF (pre-plating lead frame), glass epoxy, ceramics, or the like.
- the paste composition of the present embodiment By using the paste composition of the present embodiment, a semiconductor device with good connection reliability against temperature cycles after mounting can be obtained.
- the copper particles are less oxidized and the sinterability is stable, so there is an advantage that even when driven for a long time, the change in output over time is small and the life is long.
- the electric component and electronic component of the present embodiment are formed by bonding a heat-generating member to a heat-radiating member using the paste composition. That is, here, the paste composition is used as a material for bonding heat dissipating members, and the heat dissipating member and the heat generating member are bonded and fixed via the paste composition.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of the electrical component of this embodiment.
- the electric component 20 has a heat-generating member 13 provided on a heat-dissipating member 11 via a cured paste composition 12 .
- the heat-generating member may be the semiconductor element or a member having the semiconductor element, or may be another heat-generating member. Examples of heat-generating members other than semiconductor elements include optical pickups and power transistors. Moreover, a heat sink, a heat spreader, etc. are mentioned as a thermal radiation member.
- the heat-generating member and the heat-dissipating member may be directly bonded via a paste composition, or may be indirectly bonded with another member having high thermal conductivity interposed therebetween.
- hydrazine monohydrate as a reducing compound (manufactured by Fuji Film Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., trade name: hydrazine monohydrate) was added to 3 mL of 1-propanol. ) was added to the copper precursor solution in the sample bottle and stirred for 5 minutes.
- the mixture was heated and stirred again for 1 hour with an aluminum block type heating stirrer at 90°C. After cooling to room temperature (25° C.), centrifugation (5000 rpm, 5 minutes) was performed to obtain a copper cake.
- 30 mL of ethanol (manufactured by Kanto Kagaku Co., Ltd., special grade) was added to the copper cake, and redispersion by shaking and centrifugation (5000 rpm, 5 minutes) were performed, and this was repeated four times. After that, the same operation was repeated twice except that ethanol was changed to diethylene glycol (manufactured by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) to obtain a solid substance.
- the resulting solid was dried under reduced pressure to obtain powdery copper particles 1 having a copper luster (yield: 0.31 g, yield: 97.8%).
- the obtained copper particles 1 were analyzed and found to have an oxidation degree of 1.6%, a median diameter of 95 nm, a crystallite diameter of 51 nm, and a mass coverage of 1.9%.
- Examples 1 to 8 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 Each component of the type and compounding amount shown in Table 1 was mixed and kneaded with a roll to obtain a paste composition.
- the copper cake obtained in each synthesis example was coated on glass so as to have a thickness of 500 ⁇ m, and a scanning electron microscope (manufactured by JEOL Ltd., trade name: JSM-F100; SEM) was observed at an acceleration voltage of 15 kV and a magnification of 50,000. It was calculated as the median value of the area circle equivalent diameter of 2000 copper particles extracted from the image taken under the conditions of .
- the paste composition was applied to a glass substrate (thickness 1 mm) by a screen printing method so as to have a thickness of 25 ⁇ m, and was cured at 200° C. for 60 minutes.
- the volume resistivity ( ⁇ cm) of the obtained sintered film was measured by the four-probe method using Loresta GP (trade name, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytic Co., Ltd.). Incidentally, the smaller the volume resistivity ( ⁇ cm), the better the sinterability.
- Total content of (a) amine compound and (b) carboxylic acid amine salt After separating the paste composition into a liquid component and a solid component by centrifugation, the liquid component is analyzed by an internal standard method using a gas chromatography mass spectrometer (product name: GCMS QP-2010, manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation). A quantitative value was obtained.
- Examples 1 to 8 in which the total content of the (a) amine compound and the (b) carboxylic acid amine salt detected in the paste composition is less than 1% by mass, have high oxidation resistance, and It can be seen that high sinterability and bondability can be maintained without being affected by the air exposure time before curing.
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Abstract
Description
ところで、銀粒子は導電性が非常に高いが、価格が高いこと及びマイグレーションの問題から、他の金属への代替が検討されている。そこで、銀粒子と比較して安価で、マイグレーション耐性のある銅粒子に注目が集まっている。
銅ナノ粒子と、銅マイクロ粒子もしくは銅サブマイクロ粒子、あるいはそれら両方を含む接合材が提案されている(例えば、特許文献2参照)。
前記第1の銅粒子は、母材となる銅粒子を(a)アミン化合物、及び(b)カルボン酸アミン塩から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物によって被覆されてなり、ペースト組成物中から検出される前記(a)アミン化合物、及び前記(b)カルボン酸アミン塩の合計含有量がペースト組成物全体の1質量%未満である。
[2]本開示の半導体装置は、上記[1]に記載のペースト組成物を用いて接合されてなる。
[3]本開示の電気部品は、上記[1]に記載のペースト組成物を用いて接合されてなる。
[4]本開示の電子部品は、上記[1]に記載のペースト組成物を用いて接合されてなる。
本実施形態のペースト組成物は、母材となる銅粒子が(a)アミン化合物、及び(b)カルボン酸アミン塩から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物によって被覆されてなる第1の銅粒子を含有し、ペースト組成物中から検出される前記(a)アミン化合物、及び前記(b)カルボン酸アミン塩の合計含有量がペースト組成物全体の1質量%未満である。
前記(a)アミン化合物、及び前記(b)カルボン酸アミン塩は、第1の銅粒子の合成時に配合される。第1の銅粒子表面を被覆するが、完全に被覆されずにペースト組成物中に遊離して存在することがある。また、還元剤としてアミン化合物を添加することもある。前記ペースト組成物中の前記(a)アミン化合物、及び前記(b)カルボン酸アミン塩の合計含有量が前記値以上であると、ペースト組成物の硬化時に、前記(a)アミン化合物、及び前記(b)カルボン酸アミン塩が、ペースト組成物中で偏在し、第1の銅粒子の焼結性が低下する。これにより、大気曝露後の第1の銅粒子の安定性が低下する。
前記ペースト組成物中の前記(a)アミン化合物、及び前記(b)カルボン酸アミン塩の合計含有量は、ガスクロマトグラフィー及び液体クロマトグラフィーなどに代表されるクロマトグラフィー法、あるいはこれに質量分析を組み合わせる方法により測定することが可能である。具体的には実施例に記載の方法により測定することができる。
本実施形態で用いられる第1の銅粒子は、母材となる銅粒子を(a)アミン化合物、及び(b)カルボン酸アミン塩から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物によって被覆されてなる。前記第1の銅粒子は、接合層内部とフィレット部との焼結速度および焼結度を均一化し、接合特性を改善する観点から(b)カルボン酸アミン塩で被覆されていてもよい。
これらは単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
前記第1の銅粒子は、母材である銅粒子の表面を覆う(a)アミン化合物、及び(b)カルボン酸アミン塩から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物による質量被覆率が、焼結性及び接合性の観点から、0.05%以上であってもよく、0.1%以上であってもよく、0.2%以上であってもよく、0.5%以上であってもよい。また、前記質量被覆率の上限値は10%であってもよく、7%であってもよく、5%であってもよく、3%であってもよい。前記質量被覆率が10%以下であると、第1の銅粒子を含むペースト組成物中から検出される(a)アミン化合物、及び(b)カルボン酸アミン塩の含有量をペースト組成物全体の1質量%未満にしやすくなる。
なお、本開示において、加熱前の第1の銅粒子の質量及び赤外線ランプ加熱装置等により加熱した後の第1の銅粒子の質量から算出される質量減少率を質量被覆率とした。前記質量被覆率は、具体的には実施例に記載の方法により測定することができる。
前記第1の銅粒子のメジアン径は、走査電子顕微鏡(例えば、日本電子(株)製、商品名:JSM-F100;SEM)による加速電圧15kV、5万倍の条件で撮影した画像より抽出した少なくとも2000個の銅粒子の面積円相当径の中央値として算出する。具体的には実施例に記載の方法により測定することができる。
本開示において、結晶子径は、X線回折(XRD)測定により得られるCu(111)ピークを用いてシェラー(Scherrer)法によって算出する。具体的には実施例に記載の方法により測定することができる。
前記酸化度は、例えば、X線回折装置を用いて、得られるデータをリートベルト法によって解析することで定量することができる。具体的には実施例に記載の方法により測定することができる。
第1の銅粒子の製造方法としては、例えば、銅化合物を、(a)アミン化合物、及び(b)カルボン酸アミン塩から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物の存在下、還元性化合物によって還元する方法が挙げられる。
前記銅化合物、(a)アミン化合物、及び(b)カルボン酸アミン塩は、それぞれ上記〔第1の銅粒子〕の項で説明したものを用いることができる。
前記有機溶剤は、上述の各原料を混合して得られる混合物から生成する錯体等の性質を阻害しない反応溶媒として用いることができるものであれば、特に限定されずに使用できる。中でも、前記還元性化合物に対して相溶性を示すアルコールであってもよい。
前記有機溶剤は各成分が十分に反応を行うことができる量であればよく、例えば、前記(a)アミン化合物、及び(b)カルボン酸アミン塩から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物100体積に対して10体積以上、1000体積以下程度用いればよい。
前記混合物の加熱温度は25℃以上120℃以下であってもよく、50℃以上120℃以下であってもよく、80℃以上120℃以下であってもよい。また、加熱時間は20分以上360分以下であってもよく、30分以上300分以下であってもよく、40分以上240分以下であってもよい。前記加熱温度、及び加熱時間が前記範囲内であると得られる第1の銅粒子の酸化度を前述の範囲内に制御しやすくなる。
前記洗浄は、洗浄回数、有機溶剤の使用量、及び洗浄時間等によって適宜調整することができ、これにより得られる第1の銅粒子の酸化度を前述の範囲内に調整してもよい。
洗浄回数は、例えば2回以上20回以下であってもよく、3回以上16回以下であってもよく、4回以上12回以下であってもよく、5回以上10回以下であってもよい。
有機溶剤の使用量は、例えば、第1の銅粒子に対して体積比で10%体積以上であってもよく、100%体積以上であってもよく、1000%体積以上であってもよい。
洗浄時間は、1分以上40分以下であってもよく、3分以上35分以下であってもよく、5分以上30分以下であってもよい。
本実施形態のペースト組成物は、保存安定性の観点から、さらに前記第1の銅粒子よりも粒径の大きい第2の銅粒子を含んでもよい。
前記第2の銅粒子は、メジアン径(D50)が1μm以上、8μm以下であってもよく、1.5μm以上、7μm以下であってもよく、2μm以上、6μm以下であってもよい。前記メジアン径が前記範囲内にあると焼結時の内部収縮が抑制され、接合界面(異種金属)との焼結性が向上するため、接合強度が向上する。
前記第2の銅粒子は、1種を用いてもよく、2種以上を併用してもよい。
なお、前記第2の銅粒子のメジアン径は個数基準であり、レーザー回折散乱式粒度分布測定装置等を用いて測定することができる。
本実施形態のペースト組成物は、保存安定性の観点から、さらにリン酸エステルを含んでもよい。リン酸エステルは加熱時に大気曝露によって生成する第1の銅粒子表面の酸化被膜を除去する作用を有するため、前記ペースト組成物がリン酸エステルを含むことで該ペースト組成物の焼結性が高くなる。また、本実施形態のペースト組成物中に含まれる前記(a)アミン化合物、及び前記(b)カルボン酸アミン塩の合計含有量が前記値未満であれば前記リン酸エステルの作用を低下させることがない。
本実施形態のペースト組成物は、上述した第1の銅粒子、及び必要に応じて配合される、第2の銅粒子、リン酸エステル、有機溶剤、熱硬化性樹脂、カップリング剤等の添加剤等を十分に混合した後、さらにディスパース、ニーダー、3本ロールミル等により混練処理を行い、次いで、脱泡することにより、調製することができる。
また、本実施形態のペースト組成物の接合強度は、25MPa以上であってもよく、30MPa以上であってもよい。
なお、前記粘度及び接合強度は、実施例に記載の方法により測定することができる。
本実施形態の半導体装置、電気部品及び電子部品は、上述のペースト組成物を用いて接合されてなることから、信頼性が高い。
また、素子支持部材としては、銅、銀メッキ銅、PPF(プリプレーティングリードフレーム)、ガラスエポキシ、セラミックス等の材料で形成された支持部材が挙げられる。
発熱部材としては、前記半導体素子又は該半導体素子を有する部材でもよいし、それ以外の発熱部材でもよい。半導体素子以外の発熱部材としては、光ピックアップ、パワートランジスタ等が挙げられる。また、放熱部材としては、ヒートシンク、ヒートスプレッダー等が挙げられる。
[調製例1]
ノナン酸(東京化成工業(株)製、商品名:ノナン酸)40mmolと、ヘキシルアミン(東京化成工業(株)製、商品名:ヘキシルアミン)40mmolとを、50mLのサンプルビンに入れ、アルミブロック式加熱撹拌機中、60℃で15分間撹拌、混合した後、室温(25℃)まで冷却し、ノナン酸ヘキシルアミン塩(収量10.3g、収率99.2%)を得た。
オクタン酸(東京化成工業(株)製、商品名:オクタン酸)40mmolと、2-アミノ-1-プロパノール(東京化成工業(株)製、商品名:2-アミノ-1-プロパノール)40mmolとを、50mLのサンプルビンに入れ、アルミブロック式加熱撹拌機中、60℃で15分間撹拌、混合した後、室温(25℃)まで冷却し、オクタン酸2-アミノプロパノール塩(収量8.7g、収率98.7%)を得た。
デカン酸(東京化成工業(株)製、商品名:デカン酸)40mmolと、オクチルアミン(東京化成工業(株)製、商品名:n-オクチルアミン)40mmolとを、50mLのサンプルビンに入れ、アルミブロック式加熱撹拌機中、60℃で15分間撹拌、混合した後、室温(25℃)まで冷却し、デカン酸オクチルアミン塩(収量12.01g、収率99.6%)を得た。
[合成例1]
銅化合物として酢酸銅(II)一水和物(東京化成工業(株)製、商品名:酢酸銅(II)一水和物)20mmolと、調製例1で得たノナン酸ヘキシルアミン塩40mmolと、有機溶剤として1-プロパノール(東京化成工業(株)製)3mLとを50mLのサンプルビンに入れ、アルミブロック式加熱撹拌機中、90℃で5分間混合し、銅前駆体溶液とした。該銅前駆体溶液を室温(25℃)まで冷却した後、1-プロパノール3mLに、還元性化合物としてヒドラジン一水和物(富士フイルム和光純薬(株)製、商品名:ヒドラジン一水和物)20mmolを溶解させた溶液を、サンプルビンの銅前駆体溶液に加え、5分間撹拌した。
酢酸銅(II)一水和物を酸化銅(I)(古河ケミカルズ(株)製、商品名:R)に変更及びノナン酸へキシルアミン塩を調製例2で得たオクタン酸2-アミノプロパノール塩に変更した以外は合成例1と同一の方法で銅粒子2(収量0.30g、収率94.6%)を得た。得られた銅粒子2を分析したところ、酸化度0.9%、メジアン径105nm、結晶子径56nm、質量被覆率1.9%であった。
ヒドラジン一水和物を加えた後の90℃で加熱する時間を1時間から10分間に変更した以外は合成例1と同一の方法で銅粒子3(収量0.26g、収率82.0%)を得た。得られた銅粒子3を分析したところ、酸化度1.9%、メジアン径80nm、結晶子径39nm、質量被覆率2.5%であった。
有機溶剤を1,3-プロパンジオール(東京化成工業(株)製)に変更及びヒドラジン一水和物を加えた後の90℃で1時間加熱する条件を110℃で3時間に変更した以外は合成例1と同一の方法で銅粒子4(収量0.31g、収率97.8%)を得た。得られた銅粒子4を分析したところ、酸化度0.7%、メジアン径115nm、結晶子径90nm、質量被覆率2.2%であった。
エタノール及びジエチレングリコールによる振盪分散時に窒素パージした以外は合成例1と同一の方法で銅粒子5(収量0.31g、収率97.8%)を得た。得られた銅粒子5を分析したところ、酸化度0.02%、メジアン径95nm、結晶子径51nm、質量被覆率2.1%であった。
エタノール及びジエチレングリコールによる振盪分散前にそれぞれ1分間の空気バブリングをした以外は合成例1と同一の方法で銅粒子6(収量0.31g、収率97.8%)を得た。得られた銅粒子6を分析したところ、酸化度2.8%、メジアン径95nm、結晶子径51nm、質量被覆率2.2%であった。
エタノールによる洗浄を2回に変更した以外は合成例1と同一の方法で銅粒子7(収量0.31g、収率97.8%)を得た。得られた銅粒子7を分析したところ、酸化度1.1%、メジアン径95nm、結晶子径51nm、質量被覆率5.2%であった。
ノナン酸へキシルアミン塩を調製例3で得たデカン酸オクチルアミン塩に変更した以外は合成例1と同一の方法で銅粒子8(収量0.30g、収率94.6%)を得た。得られた銅粒子8を分析したところ、酸化度7.5%、メジアン径30nm、結晶子径15nm、質量被覆率6.8%であった。
表1に記載の種類及び配合量の各成分を混合し、ロールで混練し、ペースト組成物を得た。
(第1の銅粒子)
・銅粒子1:合成例1で得られた銅粒子(酸化度1.6%、メジアン径95nm、結晶子径51nm)
・銅粒子2:合成例2で得られた銅粒子(酸化度0.9%、メジアン径105nm、結晶子径56nm)
・銅粒子3:合成例3で得られた銅粒子(酸化度1.9%、メジアン径80nm、結晶子径39nm)
・銅粒子4:合成例4で得られた銅粒子(酸化度0.7%、メジアン径115nm、結晶子径90nm)
・銅粒子5:合成例5で得られた銅粒子(酸化度0.02%、メジアン径95nm、結晶子径51nm)
・銅粒子6:合成例6で得られた銅粒子(酸化度2.8%、メジアン径95nm、結晶子径51nm)
・銅粒子7:合成例7で得られた銅粒子(酸化度1.1%、メジアン径95nm、結晶子径51nm)
・銅粒子8:合成例8で得られた銅粒子(酸化度7.5%、メジアン径30nm、結晶子径15nm)
・銅粒子9:1300Y(製品名、三井金属鉱業(株)製;メジアン径:3.9μm、結晶子径:102nm)
・リン酸エステル1:共重合物(製品名 DIPERBYK(登録商標)-102、ビックケミー社製;酸価:101mgKOH/g)
・リン酸エステル2:共重合物のアルキロールアンモニウム塩(製品名 DIPERBYK(登録商標)-180、ビックケミー社製;アミン価:94mgKOH/g、酸価:94mgKOH/g)
・リン酸エステル3:共重合物(製品名 DIPERBYK(登録商標)-111、ビックケミー社製;酸価:129mgKOH/g)
・ジエチレングリコール:東京化成工業(株)製
<銅粒子の評価方法>
[結晶子径]
各合成例で得られた銅ケークをガラス上に厚み500μmとなるように塗布し、X線回折装置(製品名:SmartLab SE、(株)リガク製)を用いて、CuKα線を線源とした集中法によって、面指数(111)面ピークに対して、Scherrerの式より計算した。なお、Scherrer定数は1.33を用いた。
各合成例で得られた銅ケークをガラス上に厚み500μmとなるように塗布し、走査電子顕微鏡(日本電子(株)製、商品名:JSM-F100;SEM)による加速電圧15kV、5万倍の条件で撮影した画像より抽出した2000個の銅粒子の面積円相当径の中央値として算出した。
各合成例で得られた銅ケークをガラス上に厚み500μmとなるように塗布し、X線回折装置(製品名:SmartLab SE、(株)リガク製)を用いて、CuKα線を線源とした集中法によって得られたデータをリートベルト法によって解析することで定量値を得た。
銅粒子1~8の質量被覆率は以下の操作により測定した。
銅粒子をエタノールで4回洗浄した後、得られた銅ケークの質量を測定し、これを加熱前の銅粒子の質量(M1)とした。次いで、前記銅ケークを赤外線ランプ加熱装置(製品名:MIRA-700AR、アドバンス理工(株)製)で窒素雰囲気下、600℃まで加熱し、加熱後の銅ケークの質量を測定した。これを加熱後の銅粒子の質量(M2)とし、下記式(1)より、質量被覆率を算出した。
質量被覆率(%)=(M1-M2)/M1×100 (1)
[粘度(初期粘度)]
E型粘度計(東機産業(株)製、製品名:VISCOMETER-TV22、適用コーンプレート型ロータ:3°×R17.65)を用いて、25℃、5rpmでの値を測定した。
25℃の恒温槽内にペースト組成物を放置した時の粘度が初期粘度の0.7倍以上増粘するまでの日数を測定した。
ペースト組成物を、ガラス基板(厚み1mm)にスクリーン印刷法により厚み25μmとなるように塗布し、200℃、60分間で硬化した。得られた焼結膜をロレスタGP(商品名、(株)三菱ケミカルアナリティック製)を用い四端針法にて体積抵抗率(Ω・cm)を測定した。なお、体積抵抗率(Ω・cm)は小さいほど焼結性に優れる。
厚み500μmの塗膜状にスキージしたペースト組成物を25℃のインキュベータ内に24時間保管した後、窒素(3%水素)雰囲気下、200℃で1時間の条件で焼成し、ロレスタGP(三菱ケミカルアナリテック製)を用いて四端針法にて体積抵抗率(Ω・cm)を測定した。なお、体積抵抗率(Ωcm)は小さいほど焼結性に優れる。
ペースト組成物を遠心分離法によって液状成分と固形成分に分離した後、液状成分をガスクロマトグラフィー質量分析装置(製品名:GCMS QP-2010、(株)島津製作所製)を用いて内標準法より定量値を得た。
[接合強度試験片の作製]
2mm×2mmの接合面に金スパッタ層を設けたシリコンチップを、ペースト組成物を用いて無垢の銅フレーム及びPPF(Ni-Pd/Auめっきした銅フレーム)にマウントし、窒素(3%水素)雰囲気下、200℃、60分間の条件で硬化した。このとき、マウント後直ちに硬化したものと、大気曝露を24時間行った後に硬化したものとを作製した。
マウント後直ちに硬化したものについて、硬化後及び吸湿処理(85℃、相対湿度85%、72時間)後、それぞれについてDAGE 4000Plus(製品名、ノードソン(株)製)を用い、室温(25℃)におけるダイシェア強度を測定した。また、大気曝露を24時間行った後に硬化したものについて、上記同様にダイシェア強度を測定した。
20 電気部品
1 リードフレーム
2、12 ペースト組成物の硬化物
3 半導体素子
4 電極
5 リード部
6 ボンディングワイヤ
7 封止用樹脂組成物の硬化物
11 放熱部材
13 発熱部材
Claims (10)
- 第1の銅粒子を含有するペースト組成物であって、
前記第1の銅粒子は、母材となる銅粒子を(a)アミン化合物、及び(b)カルボン酸アミン塩から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物によって被覆されてなり、
ペースト組成物中から検出される前記(a)アミン化合物、及び前記(b)カルボン酸アミン塩の合計含有量がペースト組成物全体の1質量%未満であることを特徴とするペースト組成物。 - 前記第1の銅粒子は、メジアン径が50nm以上、500nm以下であり、かつ、結晶子径が30nm以上、150nm以下である請求項1に記載のペースト組成物。
- 前記第1の銅粒子は、酸化度が0.01%以上、3.0%以下である請求項1又は2に記載のペースト組成物。
- さらに、メジアン径が1μm以上、8μm以下であり、かつ、結晶子径が70nm以上、140nm以下である第2の銅粒子を含む請求項1~3のいずれかに記載のペースト組成物。
- さらに、リン酸エステルを含む請求項1~4のいずれかに記載のペースト組成物。
- 前記リン酸エステルの酸価、及びアミン価がいずれも130mgKOH/g以下である請求項5に記載のペースト組成物。
- 前記リン酸エステルの酸価とアミン価との比〔酸価/アミン価〕が0以上、1.5以下である請求項5又は6に記載のペースト組成物。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のペースト組成物を用いて接合されてなる半導体装置。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のペースト組成物を用いて接合されてなる電気部品。
- 請求項1~7のいずれかに記載のペースト組成物を用いて接合されてなる電子部品。
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| EP22771366.6A EP4309828A4 (en) | 2021-03-17 | 2022-03-14 | Paste composition, semiconductor device, electrical component and electronic component |
| US18/281,698 US20240157483A1 (en) | 2021-03-17 | 2022-03-14 | Paste composition, semiconductor device, electrical component and electronic component |
| CN202280020590.7A CN116963855A (zh) | 2021-03-17 | 2022-03-14 | 膏组合物、半导体装置、电气部件和电子部件 |
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| JP2020080317A (ja) * | 2015-06-05 | 2020-05-28 | Dowaエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 銀微粒子分散液 |
| JP2017123326A (ja) * | 2016-01-04 | 2017-07-13 | 古河電気工業株式会社 | 金属粒子の分散溶液 |
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| WO2025182843A1 (ja) * | 2024-02-29 | 2025-09-04 | 京セラ株式会社 | 銅粒子、ペースト組成物、半導体装置、電気部品及び電子部品 |
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| JP7731972B2 (ja) | 2025-09-01 |
| EP4309828A4 (en) | 2025-03-05 |
| US20240157483A1 (en) | 2024-05-16 |
| JPWO2022196620A1 (ja) | 2022-09-22 |
| EP4309828A1 (en) | 2024-01-24 |
| CN116963855A (zh) | 2023-10-27 |
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