WO2023061337A1 - Pvc地板及其生产线和制备方法 - Google Patents

Pvc地板及其生产线和制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023061337A1
WO2023061337A1 PCT/CN2022/124430 CN2022124430W WO2023061337A1 WO 2023061337 A1 WO2023061337 A1 WO 2023061337A1 CN 2022124430 W CN2022124430 W CN 2022124430W WO 2023061337 A1 WO2023061337 A1 WO 2023061337A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
extrusion
production line
pvc floor
banburying
pvc
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2022/124430
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
陆钉毅
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
WUXI BOYU PLASTIC MACHINERY Co Ltd
Original Assignee
WUXI BOYU PLASTIC MACHINERY Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by WUXI BOYU PLASTIC MACHINERY Co Ltd filed Critical WUXI BOYU PLASTIC MACHINERY Co Ltd
Priority to EP22880274.0A priority Critical patent/EP4417403A4/en
Priority to US18/700,720 priority patent/US20240399636A1/en
Publication of WO2023061337A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023061337A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
    • B29B7/00—Mixing; Kneading
    • B29B7/02—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type
    • B29B7/06—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices
    • B29B7/10—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/18—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/183—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft having a casing closely surrounding the rotors, e.g. of Banbury type
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    • B29B7/10—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary
    • B29B7/18—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft
    • B29B7/20—Mixing; Kneading non-continuous, with mechanical mixing or kneading devices, i.e. batch type with movable mixing or kneading devices rotary with more than one shaft with intermeshing devices, e.g. screws
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2266/00—Composition of foam
    • B32B2266/02—Organic
    • B32B2266/0214—Materials belonging to B32B27/00
    • B32B2266/0221—Vinyl resin
    • B32B2266/0235—Vinyl halide, e.g. PVC, PVDC, PVF, PVDF
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2471/00—Floor coverings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
    • B32B37/14—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers
    • B32B37/16—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating
    • B32B37/20—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the properties of the layers with all layers existing as coherent layers before laminating involving the assembly of continuous webs only
    • B32B37/203—One or more of the layers being plastic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the technical field of floor manufacturing, in particular to a PVC floor and its production line and preparation method.
  • This method has high energy consumption, and the mixing time period is long, and the mixing cost is high. . Furthermore, the material is only plasticized by forced shearing and frictional heat generation by the screw of the extruder. For hard PVC products that do not contain plasticizers, the plasticization effect is not good.
  • the present invention aims to solve at least one of the technical problems existing in the prior art. For this reason, the present invention proposes a PVC floor and its production line and preparation method.
  • the production line can reduce energy consumption, shorten the time for mixing and extruding materials, reduce costs, and optimize the plasticizing effect. It is suitable for PVC without plasticizers. Hard product.
  • the PVC floor production line includes a feeding system, a mixing extrusion device, a calendering and laminating device, a cooling device, a tractor and a cutting machine arranged in sequence along the material conveying direction.
  • the top of the bonding device is provided with a film material unwinding mechanism, and a feeding track is provided between the calendering and bonding device, the cooling device, the tractor and the cutting machine;
  • the mixing and extruding device includes a mixing mechanism, an extrusion Mechanism and hopper,
  • the banburying mechanism includes a banburying chamber, the rear end of the banburying chamber is provided with a first material inlet, the front end is provided with a first outlet, and the banburying chamber is provided with rotor, the extruding mechanism is located below the banburying mechanism, the extruding mechanism includes an extruding chamber, the rear end of the extruding chamber is provided with a second feed port, and the front end is provided with a mold. Screw rods arranged along the front and back are arranged in the discharge chamber, and the hopper is connected between the first discharge port and the second feed port.
  • the rotor is a double-kneading structure, and the rotor includes a rotor shaft, on which the feeding conveying section, the first mixing section, the first screw section, the second Mixing section and the first discharge section.
  • This type of rotor can effectively fill the entire mixing chamber with materials during banburying, with high filling rate and good dispersion. It is suitable for temperature-sensitive raw materials and makes the plasticizing effect of materials good.
  • a second spiral section is further provided between the second mixing section and the first discharge section.
  • the entire rotor is lengthened, which has a good effect on the material discharge. Before the material is discharged, the material is cut from the original block into small loose or large particles, which is convenient for the feeding of the extrusion chamber below. Conveying, in addition, can also improve the plasticizing effect and shorten the time.
  • the rotor has a single kneading structure, and the rotor includes a rotor shaft, on which a feeding conveying section, a kneading section and a second discharging section are sequentially arranged.
  • This type of rotor has strong versatility and good stability for conveying materials.
  • a third spiral section is further provided between the mixing section and the second discharge section.
  • the entire rotor is lengthened, which has a good effect on the material discharge. Before the material is discharged, the material is cut from the original block into small loose or large particles, which is convenient for the feeding of the extrusion chamber below. Conveying, in addition, can also improve the plasticizing effect and shorten the time.
  • a forced feeding device is provided in the hopper, and the forced feeding device includes two rotating shafts arranged in parallel, paddles are provided on the rotating shafts, and the two rotating shafts rotate relatively.
  • the two rotating shafts are respectively driven by a driving gear and a driven gear meshing with each other.
  • the screw is a conical twin screw, a single screw or a parallel twin screw.
  • the feeding system includes a vacuum feeder, a loss-in-weight feeder, and a mixing bin connected in sequence, the outlet of the mixing bin is provided with a screw meter, and the outlet of the mixing bin is The feed port is connected with the first feed port.
  • the material is transported to the weightless feeder through the vacuum feeder, and the weightless feeder is used to accurately mix the ingredients.
  • the prepared material is temporarily stored in the mixing chamber, and is fed to the mixer extrusion device by the screw meter. The material directly enters the banburying and extruding device for banburying and extrusion without going through a high-speed mixer.
  • the calendering and bonding device is one of a three-roll calender, a four-roll calender or a five-roll calender.
  • the above calender integrates calendering and film sticking or embossing, which can realize the thickness setting and surface effect treatment of the substrate.
  • the calendering and laminating device is a five-roll calender
  • the five-roll calender includes a set of calibrating rolls, a set of pre-applied rolls, and a set of pressing rolls
  • the set of pressing rolls includes a set of pressing rolls.
  • the embossing roller is provided with a water cooling device.
  • the extruded substrate is calendered by the thickness-setting roller group to obtain the target thickness, and then coated and embossed by the pre-applied roller group and the pressing roller group.
  • the calendering and bonding device may also be a calendering and bonding line composed of a set of calibrating rollers and a plurality of laminating units, and the calendering rollers are located at the end of the calendering and bonding line.
  • a plurality of laminating units are sequentially connected behind the calibrating roller. The number of laminating units increases or decreases according to the demand of the product.
  • the film material unwinding mechanism is located above the laminating unit.
  • the bonding unit includes a preheating roller, a bonding roller, and a roller conveying line for carrying materials. Further, the roller conveying line can be equipped with a preheating system.
  • the end of the calendering and bonding line is also equipped with With embossing rollers.
  • the extruded base material is first calendered by a gauge roll, and then passed through multiple laminating units in sequence to coat the base material with a film, and finally passed through an embossing roll.
  • an automatic plate lifter is further provided after the cutting machine. Used to stack the cut boards.
  • ABA and ABC type composite substrates can be obtained through the co-extrusion process.
  • the present invention also provides a preparation method of PVC floor, which is carried out by using the PVC floor production line, comprising the following steps:
  • the PVC bottom plate enters the calendering and laminating device for thickness setting and film application, then enters the cooling device for cooling, and finally cuts through the cutting machine to obtain The PVC floor.
  • the raw materials include PVC and stone powder, and the mass ratio of PVC and stone powder is 1:(2-5). Further, the raw materials may not contain plasticizers.
  • the raw material further includes a foaming agent, and the density of the obtained PVC floor is 1.3-1.8 g/cm 3 .
  • the film unwinding mechanism uses one or more of LVT coils, glass fiber coils or polymer films according to product requirements, and forms more than two layers of the same film on the PVC base plate. materials or coating layers of different materials.
  • the invention also provides a PVC floor made by the preparation method.
  • the production line of the present invention uses the banburying section of the banburying extrusion device to quickly disperse and plasticize the materials, and the plasticized materials enter directly through the hopper
  • the extrusion section is extruded, and the plasticizing effect is good, which avoids the problem of poor plasticizing effect caused by the traditional extruder's forced plasticizing of PVC hard products without plasticizers, and does not need to pass through a high-speed mixer.
  • Direct extrusion after plasticization shortens the time of mixing and extrusion of materials, reduces energy consumption, and reduces the use of stabilizers and internal and external lubricants in the raw material formula.
  • the production line of the invention has a high degree of automation and can realize continuous and efficient production of PVC flooring.
  • Fig. 1 is the overall structure schematic diagram of the embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of a mixing extrusion device 200 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the first structure of the rotor 1000 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 4 is a second structural schematic diagram of the rotor 1000 of the present invention.
  • Fig. 5 is a third structural schematic diagram of the rotor 1000 of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of a fourth structure of the rotor 1000 of the present invention.
  • vacuum feeder 110 loss-in-weight feeder 120, mixing chamber 130, mixer extrusion device 200, mixer mechanism 210, mixer chamber 211, first material inlet 212, first material outlet 213 , extrusion mechanism 220, extrusion chamber 221, second feed port 222, mold 223, screw 224, hopper 230, forced feeding device 231, five-roll calender 300, cooling device 400, tractor 500, cutting machine 600, automatic plate lifting machine 700, membrane material unwinding mechanism 800, feeding track 900, rotor 1000, rotor shaft 1010, feeding conveying section 1020, first mixing section 1030, first spiral section 1040, second mixing Section 1050 , first discharge section 1060 , second spiral section 1070 , mixing section 1080 , second discharge section 1090 , and third spiral section 1100 .
  • a PVC flooring production line is provided with a feeding system, a mixing extrusion device 200, a five-roll calender 300, a cooling device 400, a tractor 500, a cutting machine 600 and an automatic lifting machine in sequence along the material transmission direction.
  • the plate machine 700, the top of the five-roll calender 300 is provided with a film material unwinding mechanism 800, and the five-roll calender 300, the cooling device 400, the tractor 500 and the cutting machine 600 are equipped with a feeding track 900;
  • the feeding system Comprising a vacuum feeder 110, a loss-in-weight feeder 120 and a mixing bin 130 connected in sequence, the outlet of the mixing bin 130 is provided with a screw meter, and the outlet of the mixing bin 130 is connected to the first feed inlet 212;
  • the refining and extruding device 200 includes a banburying mechanism 210, an extruding mechanism 220 and a hopper 230.
  • the banburying mechanism 210 includes a banburying chamber 211.
  • the rear end of the banburying chamber 211 is provided with a first feed port 212, and the front end is provided with a first Outlet 213, the rotor 1000 arranged along the front and rear is arranged in the mixing chamber 211, the extruding mechanism 220 is located under the mixing mechanism 210, the extruding mechanism 220 includes an extruding chamber 221, and the rear end of the extruding chamber 221 is provided with The second feed port 222, the front end is provided with a mold 223, the extrusion chamber 221 is provided with a screw rod 224 arranged along the front and rear, the hopper 230 is connected between the first discharge port 213 and the second feed port 222; in the hopper 230 A forced feeding device 231 is provided, and the forced feeding device 231 includes two rotating shafts arranged in parallel, on which paddles are arranged, and the two rotating shafts rotate relatively, and the two rotating shafts are respectively driven by a driving gear and a driven gear meshing with each other;
  • the rotor 1000 is a double kneading structure, and the rotor 1000 includes a rotor shaft 1010, on which the feeding conveying section 1020, the first kneading section 1030, and the first screw section are sequentially arranged. 1040, the second mixing section 1050 and the first discharge section 1060.
  • This type of rotor can effectively fill the entire mixing chamber with materials during banburying, with high filling rate and good dispersion. It is suitable for temperature-sensitive raw materials and makes the plasticizing effect of materials good.
  • the rotor 1000 is a double kneading structure, and the rotor 1000 includes a rotor shaft 1010, on which the feeding conveying section 1020, the first mixing section 1030, and the first screw section are sequentially arranged. 1040 , the second mixing section 1050 and the first discharge section 1060 , and a second screw section 1070 is also provided between the second mixing section 1050 and the first discharge section 1060 .
  • the entire rotor is lengthened, which has a good effect on the material discharge. Before the material is discharged, the material is cut from the original block into small loose or large particles, which is convenient for the feeding of the extrusion chamber below. Conveying, in addition, can also improve the plasticizing effect and shorten the time.
  • the rotor 1000 is a single kneading structure, and the rotor 1000 includes a rotor shaft 1010, on which a feeding conveying section 1020, a mixing section 1080 and a second discharging section 1090 are sequentially arranged.
  • This type of rotor has strong versatility and good stability for conveying materials.
  • the rotor 1000 is a single kneading structure, and the rotor 1000 includes a rotor shaft 1010, on which a feeding conveying section 1020, a mixing section 1080 and a second discharging section 1090 are sequentially arranged.
  • a third spiral section 1100 is also provided between the mixing section 1080 and the second discharge section 1090 .
  • the entire rotor is lengthened, which has a good effect on the material discharge. Before the material is discharged, the material is cut from the original block into small loose or large particles, which is convenient for the feeding of the extrusion chamber below. Conveying, in addition, can also improve the plasticizing effect and shorten the time.
  • the screw 224 is a conical twin screw, a single screw or a parallel twin screw.
  • a kind of preparation method of PVC floor utilizes above-mentioned PVC floor production line to carry out, comprises the following steps:
  • the PVC bottom board enters the calendering and laminating device for thickness setting and film coating, then enters the cooling device for cooling, and finally cuts through the cutting machine to obtain the PVC floor.
  • the formula of the raw materials is PVC and stone powder with a mass ratio of 1:(2-5), and the raw materials do not contain plasticizers.
  • the raw material further includes a foaming agent, and the density of the obtained PVC floor is 1.3-1.7 g/cm 3 .
  • the film unwinding mechanism uses one or more of LVT coils, glass fiber coils or polymer films according to product requirements, and forms more than two layers of the same or different materials on the PVC base plate. film layer.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
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  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)

Abstract

本发明公开了一种PVC地板及其生产线和制备方法，该生产线包括沿物料传输方向依次设置的上料系统、密炼挤出装置、压延贴合装置、冷却装置、牵引机和裁切机，密炼挤出装置包括密炼机构、挤出机构和料斗。本发明的生产线利用密炼挤出装置的密炼段对物料进行快速的分散和塑化，塑化好的物料直接经料斗进入挤出段进行挤出成型，塑化效果好，避免了传统挤出机对于不含可塑剂的PVC硬质产品进行强制塑化导致塑化效果差的问题，并且无需经过高速混料机，物料塑化后直接挤出，缩短了物料在混料和挤出的时间，降低了能耗，减少了原料配方中稳定剂和内、外润滑剂的使用量。

Description

PVC地板及其生产线和制备方法 技术领域
本发明涉及地板制造技术领域，特别涉及一种PVC地板及其生产线和制备方法。
背景技术
现有的PVC地板生产在挤出阶段先以高速搅拌机搅拌至高温约120℃，再将其排入冷却搅拌机冷却，利用剪切力好的锥形双螺杆挤出机进行强制塑化，此方式浪费能量极大，先需要加热约20-40分钟，在高温时将其冷却，再将其排入加温至190-200℃的挤出机中塑化挤出成板。物料经高速混料机加热至120-135℃，再经冷却搅拌机冷却至50℃左右，中间有70-85℃的温度差，该法能耗高，并且混料时间周期长，混料成本高。再者，物料只经挤出机的螺杆强制剪切及摩擦生热实现塑化，对于不含可塑剂的PVC硬质产品，塑化效果不佳。
发明内容
本发明旨在至少解决现有技术中存在的技术问题之一。为此，本发明提出一种PVC地板及其生产线和制备方法，生产线能够降低能耗，缩短物料在混料和挤出的时间，降低成本，优化塑化效果，适用于不含可塑剂的PVC硬质产品。
根据本发明的第一方面实施例的PVC地板生产线，包括沿物料传输方向依次设置的上料系统、密炼挤出装置、压延贴合装置、冷却装置、牵引机和裁切机，所述压延贴合装置的顶部设有膜材放卷机构，所述压延贴合装置、冷却装置、牵引机和裁切机之间均设有输料轨道；所述密炼挤出装置包括密炼机构、挤出机构和料斗，所述密炼机构包括密炼室，所述密炼室的后端设有第一进料口，前端设有第一出料口，所述密炼室内设有沿前后设置的转子，所述挤出机构位于所述密炼机构的下方，所述挤出机构包括挤出室，所述挤出室的后端设有第二进料口，前端设有模具，所述挤出室内设有沿前后设置的螺杆，所述料斗连接于所述第一出料口与所述第二进料口之间。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述转子为双捏合结构，所述转子包括转子轴，在所述转子轴上依次设有入料输送段、第一混炼段、第一螺旋段、第二混炼段和第一出料段。此类型的转子进行密炼时能有效地将物料充满整个密炼室，填充率高，分散性好，适用于温度敏感型原料，使得物料塑化效果好。
根据本发明的一些优选的实施例，在所述第二混炼段和第一出料段之间还设有第二螺旋段。整个转子加长了一截，从而对物料排出有很好的效果，在出料之前，物料由原先的块状被剪切成小的散状或大颗粒状，这样便于下方挤出室的进料输送，另外，还可以提高塑化效果，缩短时间。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述转子为单捏合结构，所述转子包括转子轴，在所述转子轴上依次设有入料输送段、混炼段和第二出料段。此类型的转子通用性强，输送物料的稳定性好。
根据本发明的一些优选的实施例，在所述混炼段和第二出料段之间还设有第三螺旋段。整个转子加长了一截，从而对物料排出有很好的效果，在出料之前，物料由原先的块状被剪切成小的散状或大颗粒状，这样便于下方挤出室的进料输送，另外，还可以提高塑化效果，缩短时间。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述料斗内设有强制喂料装置，所述强制喂料装置包括两条平行设置的转轴，所述转轴上设有桨叶，两条转轴相对转动。
根据本发明的一些实施例，两条所述转轴分别由互相啮合的主动齿轮和从动齿轮驱动。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述螺杆为锥形双螺杆、单螺杆或平行双螺杆。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述上料系统包括依次连接的真空上料机、失重喂料机和混合仓，所述混合仓的出料口设有螺杆计量器，所述混合仓的出料口与所述第一进料口连接。物料通过真空上料机输送到失重喂料机，利用失重喂料机精确配料，配好的物料暂存在混合仓，由螺杆计量器给料到密炼挤出装置。物料直接进入密炼挤出装置进行密炼和挤出，无需经过高速混料机。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述压延贴合装置为三辊压延机、四辊压延机或五辊压延机中的一种。以上的压延机集压延和贴膜或压纹一体，能够实现基材的定厚和表面效果处理。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述压延贴合装置为五辊压延机，所述五辊压延机包括定厚辊组、预贴辊组和压合辊组，所述压合辊组包括压纹辊，所述压纹辊设有水冷装置。挤出后的基材通过定厚辊组进行压延，获得目标厚度，再经过预贴辊组和压合辊组进行覆膜和压纹处理，利用五辊压延机能简便、迅速将基板层、印刷层及耐磨层压合成型，并可产生清楚、锐利的压纹图案。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述压延贴合装置还可以是由一组定厚辊和多个贴合单元组合成的压延贴合线，所述定厚辊位于所述压延贴合线的前端，定厚辊之后依次连接有多个所述贴合单元，所述贴合单元的数量依据产品的需求增加或减少，所述膜材放卷机构位于所述 贴合单元的上方，所述贴合单元包括预热辊和贴合辊以及用于运载物料的辊道输送线，进一步地，所述辊道输送线可配置预热系统，进一步地，所述压延贴合线的末端还设有压纹辊。挤出后的基材首先经过定厚辊进行压延，再依次经过多个贴合单元，在基材上覆膜，最后经过压纹辊。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述裁切机之后还设有自动抬板机。用于将裁切后的板材进行堆叠。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述密炼挤出装置设有两台以上，形成共挤出系统，可通过共挤出工艺获得ABA、ABC型的复合基材。
本发明还提供一种PVC地板的制备方法，利用所述的PVC地板生产线进行，包括以下步骤：
S1：将原料置于所述上料系统中，原料经所述密炼挤出装置进行密炼和挤出成型，得到PVC底板；
S2：在所述牵引机的带动下，所述PVC底板进入所述压延贴合装置进行定厚和贴膜处理，再进入所述冷却装置进行冷却，最后经所述裁切机进行切割，即得所述PVC地板。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述原料包括PVC和石粉，所述PVC和石粉的质量比为1:(2-5)，进一步地，原料可不含可塑剂。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述原料还包括发泡剂，所得PVC地板的密度为1.3-1.8g/cm 3。
根据本发明的一些实施例，所述膜材放卷机构依据产品需要使用LVT卷材、玻纤卷材或高分子膜中的一种或几种，在所述PVC底板上形成两层以上同材质或不同材质的覆膜层。
本发明还提供一种PVC地板，由所述的制备方法制得。
根据本发明的一种优选的实施方式，至少具有以下有益效果：本发明的生产线利用密炼挤出装置的密炼段对物料进行快速的分散和塑化，塑化好的物料直接经料斗进入挤出段进行挤出成型，塑化效果好，避免了传统挤出机对于不含可塑剂的PVC硬质产品进行强制塑化导致塑化效果差的问题，并且无需经过高速混料机，物料塑化后直接挤出，缩短了物料在混料和挤出的时间，降低了能耗，减少了原料配方中稳定剂和内、外润滑剂的使用量。本发明的生产线自动化程度高，能够实现PVC地板的连续化高效生产。
附图说明
本发明的上述和/或附加的方面和优点从结合下面附图对实施例的描述中将变得明显和容易理解，其中：
图1为本发明实施例的整体结构示意图；
图2为本发明密炼挤出装置200的结构示意图；
图3为本发明转子1000的第一种结构示意图；
图4为本发明转子1000的第二种结构示意图；
图5为本发明转子1000的第三种结构示意图；
图6为本发明转子1000的第四种结构示意图。
附图标记：真空上料机110、失重喂料机120、混合仓130、密炼挤出装置200、密炼机构210、密炼室211、第一进料口212、第一出料口213、挤出机构220、挤出室221、第二进料口222、模具223、螺杆224、料斗230、强制喂料装置231、五辊压延机300、冷却装置400、牵引机500、裁切机600、自动抬板机700、膜材放卷机构800、输料轨道900、转子1000、转子轴1010、入料输送段1020、第一混炼段1030、第一螺旋段1040、第二混炼段1050、第一出料段1060、第二螺旋段1070、混炼段1080、第二出料段1090、第三螺旋段1100。
具体实施方式
下面详细描述本发明的实施例，所述实施例的示例在附图中示出，其中自始至终相同或类似的标号表示相同或类似的元件或具有相同或类似功能的元件。下面通过参考附图描述的实施例是示例性的，仅用于解释本发明，而不能理解为对本发明的限制。
参照图1-2，一种PVC地板生产线，沿物料传输方向依次设置上料系统、密炼挤出装置200、五辊压延机300、冷却装置400、牵引机500、裁切机600和自动抬板机700，五辊压延机300的顶部设有膜材放卷机构800，五辊压延机300、冷却装置400、牵引机500和裁切机600之间均设有输料轨道900；上料系统包括依次连接的真空上料机110、失重喂料机120和混合仓130，混合仓130的出料口设有螺杆计量器，混合仓130的出料口与第一进料口212连接；密炼挤出装置200包括密炼机构210、挤出机构220和料斗230，密炼机构210包括密炼室211，密炼室211的后端设有第一进料口212，前端设有第一出料口213，密炼室211内设有沿前后设置的转子1000，挤出机构220位于密炼机构210的下方，挤出机构220包括挤出室221，挤出室221的后端设有第二进料口222，前端设有模具223，挤出室221内设有沿前后设置的螺杆224，料斗230连接于第一出料口213与第二进料口222之间；料斗230内设有强制喂料装置231，强制喂料装置231包括两条平行设置的转轴，转轴上设有桨叶，两条转轴相对转动，两条转轴分别由互相啮合的主动齿轮和从动齿轮驱动；五辊压延机300包括定厚辊组、预贴辊组和压合辊组，压合辊组包括压纹辊，压纹辊设有水冷装置。
在其中一些实施例中，参照图3，转子1000为双捏合结构，转子1000包括转子轴1010，在转子轴1010上依次设有入料输送段1020、第一混炼段1030、第一螺旋段1040、第二混炼段1050和第一出料段1060。此类型的转子进行密炼时能有效地将物料充满整个密炼室，填充率高，分散性好，适用于温度敏感型原料，使得物料塑化效果好。
在其中一些实施例中，参照图4，转子1000为双捏合结构，转子1000包括转子轴1010，在转子轴1010上依次设有入料输送段1020、第一混炼段1030、第一螺旋段1040、第二混炼段1050和第一出料段1060，在第二混炼段1050和第一出料段1060之间还设有第二螺旋段1070。整个转子加长了一截，从而对物料排出有很好的效果，在出料之前，物料由原先的块状被剪切成小的散状或大颗粒状，这样便于下方挤出室的进料输送，另外，还可以提高塑化效果，缩短时间。
在其中一些实施例中，参照图5，转子1000为单捏合结构，转子1000包括转子轴1010，在转子轴1010上依次设有入料输送段1020、混炼段1080和第二出料段1090。此类型的转子通用性强，输送物料的稳定性好。
在其中一些实施例中，参照图6，转子1000为单捏合结构，转子1000包括转子轴1010，在转子轴1010上依次设有入料输送段1020、混炼段1080和第二出料段1090，在混炼段1080和第二出料段1090之间还设有第三螺旋段1100。整个转子加长了一截，从而对物料排出有很好的效果，在出料之前，物料由原先的块状被剪切成小的散状或大颗粒状，这样便于下方挤出室的进料输送，另外，还可以提高塑化效果，缩短时间。
在其中一些实施例中，螺杆224为锥形双螺杆、单螺杆或平行双螺杆。
一种PVC地板的制备方法，利用上述PVC地板生产线进行，包括以下步骤：
S1：将原料置于真空上料机中，原料经密炼挤出装置进行密炼和挤出成型，得到PVC底板，原料包括PVC和石粉；
S2：在牵引机的带动下，PVC底板进入压延贴合装置进行定厚和贴膜处理，再进入冷却装置进行冷却，最后经裁切机进行切割，即得PVC地板。
在其中一些实施例中，原料的配方为质量比1:(2-5)的PVC和石粉，原料不含可塑剂。
在其中一些实施例中，原料还包括发泡剂，所得PVC地板的密度为1.3-1.7g/cm 3。
在其中一些实施例中，膜材放卷机构依据产品需要使用LVT卷材、玻纤卷材或高分子膜中的一种或几种，在PVC底板上形成两层以上同材质或不同材质的覆膜层。
上面结合附图对本发明实施例作了详细说明，但是本发明不限于上述实施例，在所述技术领域普通技术人员所具备的知识范围内，还可以在不脱离本发明宗旨的前提下作出各种变 化。

Claims (10)

  1. 一种PVC地板生产线，其特征在于，包括沿物料传输方向依次设置的上料系统、密炼挤出装置、压延贴合装置、冷却装置、牵引机和裁切机，所述压延贴合装置的顶部设有膜材放卷机构，所述压延贴合装置、冷却装置、牵引机和裁切机之间均设有输料轨道；所述密炼挤出装置包括密炼机构、挤出机构和料斗，所述密炼机构包括密炼室，所述密炼室的后端设有第一进料口，前端设有第一出料口，所述密炼室内设有沿前后设置的转子，所述挤出机构位于所述密炼机构的下方，所述挤出机构包括挤出室，所述挤出室的后端设有第二进料口，前端设有模具，所述挤出室内设有沿前后设置的螺杆，所述料斗连接于所述第一出料口与所述第二进料口之间。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的PVC地板生产线，其特征在于，所述上料系统包括依次连接的真空上料机、失重喂料机和混合仓，所述混合仓的出料口设有螺杆计量器，所述混合仓的出料口与所述第一进料口连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的PVC地板生产线，其特征在于，所述压延贴合装置为三辊压延机、四辊压延机或五辊压延机中的一种。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的PVC地板生产线，其特征在于，所述压延贴合装置为五辊压延机，所述五辊压延机包括定厚辊组、预贴辊组和压合辊组，所述压合辊组包括压纹辊，所述压纹辊设有水冷装置。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的PVC地板生产线，其特征在于，所述裁切机之后还设有用于堆叠产品的自动抬板机。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的PVC地板生产线，其特征在于，所述密炼挤出装置设有两台以上，形成共挤出系统。
  7. 一种PVC地板的制备方法，其特征在于，利用权利要求1所述的PVC地板生产线进行，包括以下步骤：
    S1：将原料置于所述上料系统中，原料经所述密炼挤出装置进行密炼和挤出成型，得到PVC底板；
    S2：在所述牵引机的带动下，所述PVC底板进入所述压延贴合装置进行定厚和贴膜处理，再进入所述冷却装置进行冷却，最后经所述裁切机进行切割，即得所述PVC地板。
  8. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述原料还包括发泡剂，所得PVC地板的密度为1.3-1.8g/cm 3。
  9. 根据权利要求7所述的制备方法，其特征在于，所述膜材放卷机构依据产品需要使用 LVT卷材、玻纤卷材或高分子膜中的一种或几种，在所述PVC底板上形成两层以上同材质或不同材质的覆膜层。
  10. 一种PVC地板，其特征在于，由权利要求7-9任一项所述的制备方法制得。
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