WO2023067261A1 - Réacteur tubulaire à lit fixe avec élément filtrant - Google Patents
Réacteur tubulaire à lit fixe avec élément filtrant Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023067261A1 WO2023067261A1 PCT/FR2022/051887 FR2022051887W WO2023067261A1 WO 2023067261 A1 WO2023067261 A1 WO 2023067261A1 FR 2022051887 W FR2022051887 W FR 2022051887W WO 2023067261 A1 WO2023067261 A1 WO 2023067261A1
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- Prior art keywords
- opening
- insert
- wall
- distributing
- reactor
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/008—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction
- B01J8/0085—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction promoting uninterrupted fluid flow, e.g. by filtering out particles in front of the catalyst layer
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0207—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal
- B01J8/0214—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds the fluid flow within the bed being predominantly horizontal in a cylindrical annular shaped bed
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J19/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J19/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J19/248—Reactors comprising multiple separated flow channels
- B01J19/249—Plate-type reactors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/008—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material; Processes to increase or to retard the rate of reaction
- B01J8/009—Membranes, e.g. feeding or removing reactants or products to or from the catalyst bed through a membrane
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/0278—Feeding reactive fluids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J8/00—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes
- B01J8/02—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds
- B01J8/06—Chemical or physical processes in general, conducted in the presence of fluids and solid particles; Apparatus for such processes with stationary particles, e.g. in fixed beds in tube reactors; the solid particles being arranged in tubes
- B01J8/065—Feeding reactive fluids
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
- B01J2208/00884—Means for supporting the bed of particles, e.g. grids, bars, perforated plates
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2208/00—Processes carried out in the presence of solid particles; Reactors therefor
- B01J2208/00796—Details of the reactor or of the particulate material
- B01J2208/00938—Flow distribution elements
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
- B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
- B01J2219/2451—Geometry of the reactor
- B01J2219/2455—Plates arranged radially
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
- B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
- B01J2219/2451—Geometry of the reactor
- B01J2219/2456—Geometry of the plates
- B01J2219/2458—Flat plates, i.e. plates which are not corrugated or otherwise structured, e.g. plates with cylindrical shape
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
- B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
- B01J2219/2469—Feeding means
- B01J2219/247—Feeding means for the reactants
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2219/00—Chemical, physical or physico-chemical processes in general; Their relevant apparatus
- B01J2219/24—Stationary reactors without moving elements inside
- B01J2219/2401—Reactors comprising multiple separate flow channels
- B01J2219/245—Plate-type reactors
- B01J2219/2476—Construction materials
- B01J2219/2477—Construction materials of the catalysts
- B01J2219/2481—Catalysts in granular from between plates
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of reactor-exchangers.
- the present invention relates to the field of catalytic reactor-exchangers using a solid catalyst, and in particular a solid catalyst in powder form, as well as to the field of means for confining such a catalyst.
- the present invention proposes in this respect a catalytic reactor-exchanger capable of implementing exothermic organic synthesis processes.
- These organic compounds may in particular comprise synthetic fuels and fuel.
- Catalytic reactors using solid catalysts are widely used for the synthesis of organic compounds such as synthetic fuels or fuels, among which natural gas substitutes, dimethyl ether or even methanol may be mentioned.
- these reactions can be implemented in a reactor-exchanger of the shell-tube type which comprises a reactive channel provided with the solid catalyst and continuously cooled by a heat transfer fluid.
- the reactive gases circulate axially in the tubes which contain a catalyst, for example in powder form.
- this type of reactor remains sensitive to the heat given off by the reactions occurring in the reactor.
- a hot spot generally observed close to the reactive gas inlet, degrades the solid catalyst, and therefore reduces the performance of the reactor-exchanger.
- reactor-exchangers implementing a distribution of reactants from an annular distribution space.
- these Reactor-exchangers generally cylindrical in shape, comprise, arranged coaxially and from the outside of the reactor, a tube, the annular distribution space, a catalyst charge and a collection space.
- document CN 103990420 A proposes to implement an insert provided with a distribution chamber and a collection chamber, arranged in the center of a tube and defining with the latter an annular space housing the solid catalyst.
- the arrangement proposed in this document does not allow homogeneous distribution within the annular space. More particularly, this arrangement does not make it possible to obtain an optimum temperature profile within the solid catalyst.
- the reactor comprises a catalyst provided in an annular space located between a hollow tube and a hollow insert provided with distribution and collection chambers.
- the principle of confinement of the catalyst is not taught and there remains a need to design a solution to this problem of confinement of the bed of catalytic powder.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a fixed-bed tubular reactor allowing a more uniform distribution of the reactants within the solid catalyst.
- Another object of the present invention is also to propose a tubular reactor for which the reliability and the service life are improved with regard to the reactors known from the state of the art.
- Another object of the present invention is to propose a tubular reactor making it possible to optimize (increase) the passage time of the gases in the fixed bed of catalytic powder.
- the invention aims to remedy at least partially the needs and aims mentioned above and the drawbacks relating to the embodiments of the prior art.
- a fixed-bed tubular reactor which extends, along a longitudinal axis, between a first end and a second end, the reactor comprising a bed of confined catalytic powder in an annular space delimited by a first wall of a hollow tube and a second wall of a hollow insert, arranged in the hollow tube and coaxially with the latter, the hollow insert comprising at least one distribution chamber and at at least one collection chamber, separated from each other by a dividing wall, and comprising, respectively, a gas inlet opening at the level of the first end and a gas evacuation opening at the level of the second end, the second wall comprising at least one distributing opening and at least one collecting opening, which extend over a length, the distributing opening allowing the distribution of a gas capable of being admitted by the admission opening of the distribution chamber towards the annular space, and the collecting opening allowing the collection of the gas distributed in the annular space by the collecting chamber, characterized in that the reactor comprises at least one filtering element
- the reactor according to the invention may also comprise one or more of the following characteristics taken individually or in any possible technical combination.
- the reactor according to the present invention is tubular, the hollow tube and the hollow insert are necessarily of cylindrical shape but not necessarily cylindrical of revolution.
- the annular space may have a symmetry of revolution.
- the reactor according to the present invention makes it possible to distribute the reactive gases, due to the extent of the distribution opening, in a relatively homogeneous manner in the annular space. These then react with the catalytic powder bed over the entire section covered by the distribution opening. The products resulting from the reaction of the gases, as well as the unreacted gases are collected at the level of the collection opening and evacuated from the reactor through the evacuation opening opposite the inlet opening.
- This arrangement for which the admission of the gases is done by one end and the evacuation by the other end allows a better distribution of the reactive species (the gases) in the annular space, and consequently a better distribution of the heat likely to be released during the reaction of the reactive species in the annular space.
- the arrangement according to the present invention therefore makes it possible to envisage a more compact reactor, and of improved reliability with regard to the tubular reactors known from the state of the art.
- Said at least one filter element may be at least partly in the form of one or more filter sheets positioned against the outer surface of the second wall of the hollow insert and completely covering said at least one collecting opening and said at least a dispensing opening by bearing on the outer surface of the second wall on either side thereof.
- the filter sheet(s) may comprise a fabric, a felt, for example made of glass fibers, metal fibers, carbon fibers, a metal grid and/or a micro-perforated metal sheet, among others.
- the filter sheet(s) may be in a form that is at least partly cylindrical, in particular in the form of one or more portions of cylindrical shape, matching the cylindrical shape of the outer surface of the second wall of the insert. and fitted onto the insert.
- the filter sheet or sheets can be secured to the insert by spot welding, by brazing and/or by means of at least one ligature around the insert and the filter sheet or sheets, for example one or more wires metal wrapped around them.
- the reactor may comprise at least one compartment at the level of each of said at least one collecting opening and one distributing opening, said at least one filtering element being at least partly housed inside said at least one compartment and said at least one collecting opening and said at least one distributing opening.
- a filtering element can advantageously be introduced inside each compartment, in contact with the internal wall(s) of the compartment.
- Each compartment may include one or more openings allowing the circulation of gases.
- one or more compartments can be formed by means of a local modification, at the level of one or more collecting and distributing openings, of the second wall of the insert.
- One or more compartments can be formed through a cut-out membrane placed in one or more collecting and distributing openings.
- said at least one filter element can come into contact with the hollow tube so as to allow centering of the insert with respect to the hollow tube.
- compartment or compartments and the insert can form a single piece.
- the at least one distribution chamber can be closed off at the second end, and the at least one collection chamber can be closed off at the first end.
- the reactor may comprise at the level of the first end and at the level of the second end, respectively, a distributor space and a collector space between which the insert is placed.
- the catalytic powder can be retained in the annular space by a joint made of fibrous material at the level of each of the ends of the annular space.
- the seal made of fibrous material can be held in compression against the catalytic powder by a spring, the spring being in abutment against a holding plate mechanically linked to the tube.
- the joint made of fibrous material in combination with the spring or springs makes it possible to better compact the catalytic powder and to prevent the attrition of the latter during handling or transport of the reactor.
- the outer wall may have no opening on a first section and a second section which extend from the first end and the second end respectively, the first section and the second section overlapping the bed of powder over a height H, the height H being between 0.5 times and 10 times, advantageously between 1 time and 2 times, the distance separating a dispensing opening from an immediately adjacent collection opening, and measured along the outer surface of the outer wall.
- the hollow insert can be provided with centering means maintaining the latter in a position coaxial with the hollow tube, advantageously, the centering means comprise bosses formed on the second wall.
- the surface of a section of the distribution chamber according to a sectional plane transverse to the longitudinal axis can decrease from the first end towards the second end, advantageously, said surface is zero at the level of the second end.
- Additive manufacturing methods and in particular 3D manufacturing techniques, make it possible to produce these complex structures in the form of a single piece.
- the surface of a section of the collection chamber along a section plane transverse to the longitudinal axis can increase from the first end towards the second end, advantageously, said surface is zero at the level of the first end.
- the collection opening and the dispensing opening may have a width comprised between 1/100 and 1/2, advantageously comprised between 1/20 and 1/4, of the diameter of the hollow tube.
- the hollow insert can form a single piece.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic representation of a fixed-bed tubular reactor according to a first variant of the present invention, in particular [Fig. 1] shows the reactor according to a longitudinal section plane passing through a longitudinal axis XX' of the reactor; [Fig. 2] is a schematic representation of the reactor of [Fig. 1] along a transverse section plane perpendicular to the longitudinal axis;
- FIG. 3 is a representation of a filtering element, and in particular of a filter formed of four planes of fibers, capable of being implemented in the tubular reactor according to the present invention
- FIG.4], FIG. 5] and [Fig.6] are partial cross-sectional representations of inserts equipped with filter elements in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 7 is a representation in partial cross section of another example of an insert equipped with a compartment with a filtering element in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 8] and FIG. 9] are representations in partial cross section, respectively before and after cutting a membrane, making it possible to illustrate the obtaining of another example of a compartment with a filtering element in accordance with the invention
- FIG. 10 and [Fig. 11] are representations in partial cross section of other embodiments of compartments with filter elements in accordance with the invention positioned in contact with the hollow tube,
- FIG. 12 is a representation of a tubular reactor with a fixed bed according to the first variant of the present invention at the level of the first end illustrating the arrangement of the seal and of the spring retaining the bed of catalytic powder;
- FIG. 13 is a schematic representation of the hollow insert according to section plane AA' of [Fig. 12];
- FIG. 14 is a schematic representation of an insert according to a second variant of the present invention, in particular [Fig. 14] shows the reactor according to a longitudinal section plane passing through a longitudinal axis XX' of the reactor;
- FIG. 15A], FIG. 15B], [Fig. 15C], [Fig. 15D] and [Fig. 15E] are views, respectively, according to section planes A, B, C, D and E of the hollow insert shown in [Fig. 14];
- FIG. 16 is a schematic representation of an insert according to a third variant of the present invention, in particular [Fig. 16] shows the reactor according to a longitudinal section plane passing through a longitudinal axis XX' of the reactor; And [Fig. 17] and [Fig. 18] are views, respectively, according to section planes CC′ and DD′ of the hollow insert shown in [Fig. 16].
- the present invention relates to a tubular reactor-exchanger with a bed of fixed catalytic powder.
- the catalytic powder bed is confined in an annular space delimited by a first wall of a hollow tube and a second wall of a hollow insert placed in the tube and coaxially with the latter.
- the hollow insert according to the present invention is in particular arranged to allow admission of reactive gases along a first end of the reactor into a distribution chamber of the insert. The latter are then distributed over a section of the annular space extended over a length L, through a distribution opening allowing the gases to pass from the distribution chamber to the annular space.
- the products resulting from the reaction between reactive species are then collected, via a collection opening, in a collection chamber of the hollow insert, isolated from the distribution chamber by a dividing wall.
- the evacuation of the products takes place through an evacuation opening of the collection chamber at the level of the second end.
- the tubular reactor 1 comprises a hollow tube 10 which extends along a longitudinal axis XX', between a first end 11 and a second end 12.
- the hollow tube 10 may have a symmetry of revolution around the longitudinal axis XX'.
- the hollow tube 10 can comprise a metal, and in particular a metal chosen from: steel, aluminum alloy, copper, nickel, among others.
- the diameter of the internal surface of the hollow tube 10 can be between 5 mm and 100 mm.
- the wall, called the first wall, forming the hollow tube 10 can have a thickness of between 0.5 mm and 10 mm.
- the hollow tube 10 can have a length of between 10 times and 200 times its internal diameter.
- the tubular reactor 1 also comprises a hollow insert 20 which also extends along the longitudinal axis XX' and has a cylindrical external shape.
- the hollow insert 20 can be a single piece.
- the hollow insert 20 is in particular housed in the volume V of the hollow tube 10 coaxially with the latter.
- the insert 20 comprises a wall, called second wall 21, which delimits with the first wall of the hollow tube an annular space 30.
- the annular space 30 is, in this respect, filled with a catalytic powder which will be the seat of the reactions of conversion of reactive gases likely to pass through the tubular reactor 1.
- the annular space 30 may have a thickness, defined as the distance between the first wall and the second wall, of between 2% and 20% of the internal diameter of the first wall.
- the hollow insert 20 can be provided with centering means maintaining the latter in a position coaxial with the hollow tube 10.
- the centering means comprise bosses 22 formed on the second wall 21.
- centering means 22 make it possible in particular to consider a hollow insert 20 with a length at least 20 times greater than the diameter of said insert. Furthermore, these centering means 22 also make it possible to facilitate the assembly of the tubular reactor 1.
- the hollow insert 20 also comprises at least one distribution chamber
- the hollow insert 20 can include between one and four distribution chambers 40, and between one and four collection chambers 50.
- the distribution chambers 40 and the collection chambers 50 are advantageously arranged alternately, extend over the entire length of the hollow insert 20 and are separated from each other by separating walls 60.
- the dividing walls 60 extend over the entire length of the hollow insert 20 in the volume defined by the hollow insert 20.
- the at least one distribution chamber 40 comprises an admission opening 41 at the level of one end of the insert 20 through which one or more reactive gases are likely to be admitted.
- the at least one collection chamber 50 comprises an evacuation opening 51 at the level of the other end of the hollow insert 20 and through which one or more gases are likely to be evacuated.
- the hollow insert 20 is also provided with at least one distributor opening 42, or distribution, and at least one collecting opening 52, or collection.
- the distribution opening 42 forms a passage permeable to the reactive gases from the distribution chamber 40 towards the annular space 30.
- the collection opening 52 forms a passage permeable to the gases from the annular space 30 towards the collection chamber 50.
- the distribution 42 and collecting 52 openings extend over a length L.
- the length L is greater than half, advantageously three quarters of the length of extension along the longitudinal axis XX' of the annular space 30.
- the at least one distribution chamber 40 is closed at the level of the second end 12, while the at least one collection chamber 50 is closed at the level of the first end 11.
- the distribution chamber 40 is closed by a distribution wall 43, while the collection chamber 50 is closed by a collection wall 53.
- the tubular reactor 1 can comprise at the level of the first end 11 and at the level of the second end 12, respectively, a distributor space 13 and a collector space 14 between which the hollow insert 20 is arranged.
- the collection opening 42 and the distribution opening 52 have a width comprised between 1/100 and 1/2, advantageously comprised between 1/20 and 1/4, of the diameter of the hollow tube 10.
- each collection opening 52 and each distribution opening 42 are also associated with one or more filter elements 61 preventing the passage of catalytic powder into one or the other of the collection 50 or distribution chambers. 40.
- this or these filtering elements 61 make it possible to confine the catalyst in the annular space 30 due to their impermeability to the catalyst.
- a filter element 61 may be in the form of a filter, in particular a filter sheet, which may comprise a plurality of planes 61a, 61b, 61c and 61d comprising fibers.
- the example illustrated in FIG. 3 comprises in particular four planes, each provided with rectangular or round fibers and inclined at more or less 45° with respect to the longitudinal axis XX'. More particularly, the fibers of two successive planes are oriented at two different angles, and are in particular perpendicular from one plane to the other.
- FIGS 4 to 11 illustrate different embodiments of one or more filter elements 61 that can be used in any type of reactor 1 according to the invention.
- This filtering element or elements 61 are positioned at the level of each collecting opening 52 between a collecting chamber 50 and the annular space 30, as well as at the level of each distributing opening 42 between a distributing chamber 40 and the annular space 30. They advantageously make it possible to confine the catalyst in the annular space 30 and therefore to prevent the passage of catalytic powder from the annular space 30 towards the collection chambers 50 and the distribution chambers 40.
- the filter element(s) 61 may be in the form of one or more filter sheets 61 positioned bearing against the outer surface of the second wall 21 of the hollow insert 20. They then completely cover the collecting openings 52 and the distributing openings 42 by bearing on the external surface of the second wall 21 on either side of these.
- the filter sheet(s) 61 can be similar to one or more filters wrapped around the insert 20 and covering the collecting openings 52 and the distributing openings 42.
- This or these filtering sheets 61 can for example comprise a fabric, a felt, for example made of glass fibers, metal fibers, carbon fibers, a grid and/or a microperforated metal or ceramic sheet.
- a fabric for example made of glass fibers, metal fibers, carbon fibers, a grid and/or a microperforated metal or ceramic sheet.
- the size of the meshes or of the porosities is smaller than the diameter of the catalyst particles.
- a thin fabric or grid comparable to the size of the particles, typically between 20 ⁇ m and 1 mm, positioned with a minimum of clearance with respect to the surface of the insert 20 are preferred in order to not to favor the circulation of the gas in the thickness of the filter sheet(s) 61, or between these and the insert 20, which would prevent the gas from coming into contact with the catalyst (and therefore would limit the reaction) , and so as not to thermally insulate the catalyst from the wall of the insert 20, which would limit the homogenization of the temperature in the reactor 1 and would promote the appearance of hot spots if the reaction is exothermic for example.
- one or more filter elements 61 in the form of one or more filter sheets 61 makes it possible to use a very simple form of insert 20, typically with a circular section, and in particular with a convex-shaped outline. so as not to create a space between the insert 20 and the filter sheet(s) 61.
- a filtering sheet 61 can be provided, this covering all the collecting 52 and distributing 42 openings without however covering the entire external surface of the second wall 21.
- the filtering sheet 61 can be in an open cylindrical shape, or else in the shape of an open tube, and can be fitted around the insert 20 like a sock. The perimeter of the insert 20 is not completely covered by the filter sheet 61.
- the filter sheet 61 may also completely cover the circumference of the insert 20, so as to be rolled up all around the insert 20, and be closed on itself at a superposition zone ZS of the ends of the filter sheet 61.
- the periphery of the insert 20 is entirely covered by the filter sheet 61.
- the attachment of the filtering sheet(s) 61, directly to the external surface of the second wall 21 of the insert 20 and/or at the level of the superposition zone ZS, can be done by spot welding or even by brazing. It is also possible to hold the filtering sheet or sheets 61 in place on the insert 20 by means of a ligature, for example composed of one or more metal wires wound around the insert 20 and the filtering sheet or sheets. 61.
- the filter element(s) 61 may still be housed at least partly inside a collecting opening 52 or a distributing opening 42.
- the reactor 1 can comprise a compartment 80 at the level of each of the collecting 52 and distributing 42 openings. inside a collecting opening 52 or a distributing opening 42.
- the filter element(s) 61 placed in a compartment 80 are in contact with the internal wall(s) of the compartment 80.
- Each compartment 80 can be formed continuously over all or part of the length of the insert 20 along the longitudinal axis XX'. It is advantageously fitted to the filter element(s) 61 that it must receive so as to retain the catalyst in the annular space 30.
- Each compartment 80 further comprises one or more openings 81, identified in Figures 7, 9, 10 and 11, allowing the circulation of gases through or around the filter element(s) 61, between the collection chambers 50 and the distribution chambers. 40 and the annular space 30 containing the catalyst.
- the opening or openings are identified in Figures 7, 9, 10 and 11, allowing the circulation of gases through or around the filter element(s) 61, between the collection chambers 50 and the distribution chambers. 40 and the annular space 30 containing the catalyst.
- the opening or openings 81 identified in Figures 7, 9, 10 and 11, allowing the circulation of gases through or around the filter element(s) 61, between the collection chambers 50 and the distribution chambers. 40 and the annular space 30 containing the catalyst.
- the opening or openings are identified in Figures 7, 9, 10 and 11, allowing the circulation of gases through or around the filter element(s) 61, between the collection chambers 50 and the distribution chambers. 40 and the annular space 30 containing the catalyst.
- the porosity of the filtering element(s) 61 is smaller than the size of the particles of the catalyst. It performs the separation function between the gases and the catalyst.
- This porosity is either a component of a porous material used in the filter element(s) 61, such as a fibrous material, wool, braid, foam, sintered material, silica ceramic or metal, steel or carbon, and the gases then circulate preferentially through the filtering element(s) 61, or created by a space provided between the filtering element(s) 61 and the compartment 80, the gases then circulating preferentially around the filtering element(s) 61.
- the gas circulation space may for example be a clearance for mounting the filter element(s) 61 in their compartment 80, or created by a surface roughness of the compartment 80 or of the filter element(s) 61, for example a threaded rod or a steel cable.
- the dimension of the section of the filter element(s) 61 and of the compartment 80 is typically between 1 mm and 5 mm.
- the section of the filtering element(s) 61 can be round, square or rectangular, or even any other shape provided that it is adapted to the compartment 80 and does not allow the catalyst particles to migrate towards the distribution chambers 40 and collection 50.
- the use of such compartments 80 each associated with one or more filter elements 61 makes it easier to put them into place in the insert 20, like a seal placed in a groove.
- the filter elements 61 can be held in position by friction with the wall or walls of the compartment 80 so that any other fixing means can be avoided, such as welding, soldering or ligature.
- the absence of a filtering element 61 over the entire outer surface of the second wall 21 of the insert 20 can make it possible to free this surface to attach other elements to it, for example intended to ensure centering with respect to the tube 10.
- the absence of filter element 61 on the external surface of the second wall 21 of the insert 20 can allow better heat transfer between the catalytic powder bed and the insert 20.
- the compartments 80 are formed by means of a local modification of the second wall 21 of the insert 20 at the level of each collecting opening 52 and each distributing opening 42.
- a compartment 80 is formed at the level of a collecting 52 or distributing 42 opening by modifying the second wall 21, in particular by protruding from the wall 21 towards the collecting chamber 50 or distribution 40 to form a compartment 80 of cylindrical shape, open to the collecting 52 or distributing 42 opening and open to the collecting 50 or distributing 40 chamber through a longitudinal opening 81.
- the compartment 80 can be made along with the insert 20 and be integral with it. It should be noted that the compartment 80 can also be formed by an element attached to the wall 21.
- the filter element 61 is in the form of a steel cable.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 illustrate the case of a compartment 80 formed by means of a cut-out membrane 82 located in the collecting 52 or distributing 42 opening.
- This membrane 82 can be attached or formed at the same time as the wall 21.
- the collecting 52 or distributing 42 opening comprises a membrane 82, as visible in FIG. Figure 9.
- the manufacturing process can make it possible to provide such a membrane 82 of material making it possible to initially obstruct the collecting 52 or distributing 42 opening.
- the passage of a blade can then make it possible to create the opening 81 which will leave one or two parts of membrane, as shown, making it possible to form, with the edges of the wall 21 in the opening 42 or 52, the compartment 80 containing the filter element 61.
- the compartment 80 is formed by a local modification of the second wall 21 consisting of a protrusion of the latter on either side of the collecting opening 52 or distributing 42 within the annular space 30.
- the bottom of the collecting 52 or distributing 42 opening is also pierced to form the opening 81 allowing the passage of gas flows F.
- FIG. 11 shows a compartment 80 formed by a widening in the second wall 21 on either side of the collecting 52 or distributing 42 opening to receive the filtering element 61, here under threaded rod shape.
- the collecting 52 or distributing 42 opening is then partly formed by the compartment 80 which comprises an opening 81 for the passage of the gases F.
- the filter element 61 is advantageously in contact with the hollow tube 10. It is therefore blocked between the hollow tube 10 and the compartment 80. In this way, it may be possible to achieve centering of the insert 20 with respect to the hollow tube 10. Indeed, it is necessary to control the thickness of the annular space 30 filled with catalyst. This function, instead of being ensured by an element attached to the surface of the insert 20 such as that of the element 22 described below with reference to FIG. 14, can be directly ensured by the compartment 80 or the filter element 61.
- the compartment 80 and/or the filter element 61 protrude from the external surface of the insert 20 and are inscribed in a circle of radius slightly smaller than that of the internal wall of the hollow tube 10.
- the difference between the two radii is less than one-fifth of the thickness of the annular space 30 referred to.
- the insert 20 comprises for example six chambers, only three can be equipped with a compartment 80 and a filter element 61 of this type, which is enough to center the insert 20.
- one or more reactive gases are admitted into the distribution chamber 40 through the admission opening 41. These gases then pass through the distribution opening 42 and flow into the space ring 30 in order to be brought into contact with the catalytic powder bed.
- the reactant gases are converted, at least in part, into products.
- the products and unreacted reactant gases thus collected are then discharged through the discharge opening 51.
- the extent of the distribution openings 42 over the length L makes it possible to distribute the reactive gases in the annular space 30 over said length L.
- this arrangement makes it possible to distribute the quantity of heat likely to be produced during the conversion of the reactive gases into products over the entire length L.
- This arrangement thus makes it possible to limit the increase in local temperature of the catalytic powder bed.
- the extension over the length L of the collection openings 52 makes it possible, according to an equivalent principle, to limit heating of the catalytic powder bed.
- the arrangement of the inlet 41 and outlet 51 openings on opposite ends of the hollow insert 20 also contributes to a better distribution of the reactants within the annular space 30 and consequently to a better homogenization of the temperature of the catalytic powder bed.
- the catalytic powder is retained in the annular space 30 by a gasket 31 made of fibrous material at each of the ends of the annular space 30.
- a gasket 31 made of fibrous material at each of the ends of the annular space 30.
- the fibrous material may in this respect comprise at least one of the elements chosen from: glass fibers, ceramic fibers, metal fibers, carbon fibers, fibers of polymer material, among others.
- the seal 31 can in particular be in the form of a braid, a sheath, a cord or simply comprise a stuffing of the fibrous material.
- the fibrous material is advantageously a thermal insulator and has a thermal conductivity substantially equivalent to that of the catalyst used (0.2 W/m/K to 10 W/m/K).
- the seal 31 made of fibrous material is held in compression against the catalytic powder by a spring 32.
- the spring 32 is in abutment against a holding plate 33 mechanically linked to the tube 10 by a ring 34 .
- the joint 31 made of fibrous material in combination with the spring or springs 32 makes it possible to better compact the catalytic powder and to prevent the attrition of the latter during handling or transport of the reactor.
- the reactive gases can enter the annular space directly without passing through the distribution chamber 40.
- FIG. 12 it is particularly advantageous to provide an arrangement of the hollow insert 20 making it possible to impose on this reactive gas a predetermined travel path in the annular space 30 in order to promote its conversion on contact catalytic powder bed.
- This predetermined path has a length of between 0.2 times and 10 times, advantageously between 1 time and 2 times, the distance Di (FIG. 13) separating a distribution opening 42 from an immediately adjacent collection opening 52, and measured along the outer surface of the second wall 21 of the insert 20.
- the second wall 21 can be devoid of opening on a first section 21a and a second section which extend from, respectively, the first end 11 and the second end 12.
- the first section 21a and the second section overlap with the powder bed over a height H1.
- the height H1 being between 0.5 times and 10 times, advantageously between once and twice, the distance Di separating a distribution opening 42 from an immediately adjacent collection opening 52, and measured along the outer surface of the second wall 21.
- FIG. 14 illustrates a second variant of the present invention which essentially repeats the characteristics of the first variant.
- the hollow insert 20 relating to this second variant is advantageously manufactured using an additive manufacturing technique.
- the distribution chamber 40 has a convergent profile from the first end 11 towards the second end 12.
- the surface S40 of a section of the distribution chamber 40 along a section plane transverse to the longitudinal axis XX' decreases from the first end 11 towards the second end 12 (FIGS. 15A to 15E), advantageously, the surface is zero at the level of the second end 12.
- the surface S50 of a section of the collection chamber 50 according to a sectional plane transverse to the longitudinal axis XX' increases from the first end 11 towards the second end 12, advantageously, the surface is zero at the level from the first end 11.
- This arrangement of the distribution 40 and collection 50 chambers makes it possible to minimize the pressure drops linked to the circulation of the gases. Flow inhomogeneities in the annular space 30 are thus reduced.
- FIG. 16 represents a hollow insert 20 capable of being implemented according to a third variant of the present invention.
- This third variant essentially takes up the characteristics relating to the first and to the second variant.
- the insert 20 relating to this second variant can be manufactured by machining, by cutting, by spark erosion, by extrusion, among others.
- the insert 20 comprises according to this variant a main body 20a interposed between two end bodies 20b, 20c, and assembled by means of a joint 20d.
- the two terminal bodies 20b, 20c, illustrated in FIG. 16, comprise a cylindrical wall not permeable to gas reproducing the first section 21a described within the framework of the first variant, and comprises distribution openings 42 (or collection 52).
- the tubular reactor according to the present invention is advantageously implemented for the synthesis of methane, methanol, dimethyl ether or else for implementing the Fisher-Tropsch synthesis.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2024523494A JP2024539677A (ja) | 2021-10-19 | 2022-10-06 | フィルタリング要素を備えた固定床を有する管状反応器 |
| EP22814473.9A EP4419244A1 (fr) | 2021-10-19 | 2022-10-06 | Réacteur tubulaire à lit fixe avec élément filtrant |
| CA3234944A CA3234944A1 (fr) | 2021-10-19 | 2022-10-06 | Reacteur tubulaire a lit fixe avec element filtrant |
| US18/702,030 US20240408562A1 (en) | 2021-10-19 | 2022-10-06 | Tubular reactor having a fixed bed with a filtering element |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2111097 | 2021-10-19 | ||
| FR2111097A FR3128133B1 (fr) | 2021-10-19 | 2021-10-19 | Réacteur tubulaire à lit fixe avec élément filtrant |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023067261A1 true WO2023067261A1 (fr) | 2023-04-27 |
Family
ID=78828141
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/FR2022/051887 Ceased WO2023067261A1 (fr) | 2021-10-19 | 2022-10-06 | Réacteur tubulaire à lit fixe avec élément filtrant |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20240408562A1 (fr) |
| EP (1) | EP4419244A1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP2024539677A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA3234944A1 (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3128133B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023067261A1 (fr) |
Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2997374A (en) | 1958-03-13 | 1961-08-22 | California Research Corp | Radial flow reactor |
| US3758279A (en) | 1971-04-26 | 1973-09-11 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Radial flow reactor |
| US4374094A (en) | 1981-10-29 | 1983-02-15 | Chevron Research Company | Method and apparatus for uniform flow through radial reactor centerpipes |
| EP0560157A1 (fr) | 1992-03-12 | 1993-09-15 | Bayer Ag | Réacteurs à lit fixe avec lit de catalyseur court dans la direction d'écoulement |
| US20110165483A1 (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2011-07-07 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Reformer |
| CN103990420A (zh) | 2013-02-20 | 2014-08-20 | 上海融熠投资管理有限公司 | 列管式固定床反应器及其应用 |
| EP3827895A1 (fr) | 2019-11-28 | 2021-06-02 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Réacteur tubulaire à lit fixe |
| WO2022069817A1 (fr) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-04-07 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Reacteur tubulaire a lit fixe |
| WO2022069816A1 (fr) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-04-07 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Reacteur tubulaire a lit fixe |
-
2021
- 2021-10-19 FR FR2111097A patent/FR3128133B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-10-06 CA CA3234944A patent/CA3234944A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-10-06 US US18/702,030 patent/US20240408562A1/en active Pending
- 2022-10-06 WO PCT/FR2022/051887 patent/WO2023067261A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-10-06 EP EP22814473.9A patent/EP4419244A1/fr active Pending
- 2022-10-06 JP JP2024523494A patent/JP2024539677A/ja active Pending
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2997374A (en) | 1958-03-13 | 1961-08-22 | California Research Corp | Radial flow reactor |
| US3758279A (en) | 1971-04-26 | 1973-09-11 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Radial flow reactor |
| US4374094A (en) | 1981-10-29 | 1983-02-15 | Chevron Research Company | Method and apparatus for uniform flow through radial reactor centerpipes |
| EP0560157A1 (fr) | 1992-03-12 | 1993-09-15 | Bayer Ag | Réacteurs à lit fixe avec lit de catalyseur court dans la direction d'écoulement |
| US20110165483A1 (en) * | 2008-09-08 | 2011-07-07 | Honda Motor Co., Ltd. | Reformer |
| CN103990420A (zh) | 2013-02-20 | 2014-08-20 | 上海融熠投资管理有限公司 | 列管式固定床反应器及其应用 |
| EP3827895A1 (fr) | 2019-11-28 | 2021-06-02 | Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives | Réacteur tubulaire à lit fixe |
| WO2022069817A1 (fr) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-04-07 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Reacteur tubulaire a lit fixe |
| WO2022069816A1 (fr) * | 2020-09-29 | 2022-04-07 | Commissariat A L'energie Atomique Et Aux Energies Alternatives | Reacteur tubulaire a lit fixe |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20240408562A1 (en) | 2024-12-12 |
| JP2024539677A (ja) | 2024-10-29 |
| FR3128133A1 (fr) | 2023-04-21 |
| FR3128133B1 (fr) | 2024-10-04 |
| CA3234944A1 (fr) | 2023-04-27 |
| EP4419244A1 (fr) | 2024-08-28 |
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