WO2023072499A2 - Système comprenant un extensomètre et un adaptateur - Google Patents

Système comprenant un extensomètre et un adaptateur Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023072499A2
WO2023072499A2 PCT/EP2022/076571 EP2022076571W WO2023072499A2 WO 2023072499 A2 WO2023072499 A2 WO 2023072499A2 EP 2022076571 W EP2022076571 W EP 2022076571W WO 2023072499 A2 WO2023072499 A2 WO 2023072499A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
clamp
adapter
axle
strain sensor
component
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2022/076571
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2023072499A3 (fr
Inventor
Timo Denker
Dirk HILLBRING
Artur KEIL
Philipp Lang
Michael Othmer
Alexander Rodenberg
Axel Stender
Oliver Topic
Jan-Christoph VON DER BEEKE
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ZF CV Systems Europe BV
Original Assignee
ZF CV Systems Europe BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ZF CV Systems Europe BV filed Critical ZF CV Systems Europe BV
Publication of WO2023072499A2 publication Critical patent/WO2023072499A2/fr
Publication of WO2023072499A3 publication Critical patent/WO2023072499A3/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B7/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques
    • G01B7/16—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of electric or magnetic techniques for measuring the deformation in a solid, e.g. by resistance strain gauge
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01B—MEASURING LENGTH, THICKNESS OR SIMILAR LINEAR DIMENSIONS; MEASURING ANGLES; MEASURING AREAS; MEASURING IRREGULARITIES OF SURFACES OR CONTOURS
    • G01B5/00—Measuring arrangements characterised by the use of mechanical techniques
    • G01B5/0025—Measuring of vehicle parts
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
    • G01L1/00—Measuring force or stress, in general
    • G01L1/20—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress
    • G01L1/22—Measuring force or stress, in general by measuring variations in ohmic resistance of solid materials or of electrically-conductive fluids; by making use of electrokinetic cells, i.e. liquid-containing cells wherein an electrical potential is produced or varied upon the application of stress using resistance strain gauges
    • G01L1/2206—Special supports with preselected places to mount the resistance strain gauges; Mounting of supports

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system with a strain sensor and an adapter for connecting the strain sensor to a component that is exposed to dynamic loads.
  • the invention relates to a use of the system, an axle and a vehicle.
  • Strain gauges or other strain sensors can be used to measure mechanical deformations on components, for example also on components of vehicles.
  • Commercial vehicles in particular, including trailer vehicles and buses, can have axles or axle tubes, depending on their design, whose deformation that occurs in practice can be easily measured with strain sensors.
  • Of particular interest is the determination of axle loads, axle deflections or axle torsions.
  • Strain gauges and similar sensors are usually glued to a surface of a component to be checked. To do this, the surface must be prepared and the strain gauge in question must be handled very carefully. This is difficult in ongoing production and especially when retrofitting a vehicle.
  • a sensor carrier for a commercial vehicle chassis part and for accommodating a load sensor is known from EP 3 483 576 A2.
  • the sensor carrier is a rectangular plate slotted in two places, which is to be mounted at its ends on carrier feet. The carrier feet must be connected to the chassis part.
  • US Pat. No. 4,102,031 discloses an adapter with strain gauges lying on the top and bottom.
  • the adapter is intended for mounting on a leaf spring and on a front axle. It is attached using a screw connection.
  • the object of the present invention is to create a system with which a strain sensor can be connected to a component which is exposed to dynamic loads as simply and securely as possible.
  • the system should be suitable for attachment to an axle or an axle tube of a vehicle.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by a system having the features of claim 1 .
  • the system has at least one clamp for fastening the adapter to the component. Clamps are tried and tested, inexpensive fasteners that are available in all variations. Adapter and clamp can be adapted to each other independently of the design of the strain sensor.
  • the tensioning clamp can be designed in multiple parts with clamp sections that follow one another in the circumferential direction and are connected to one another in the region of connection points. As a result, the clamp can be more flexibly adapted to the shape of the component.
  • the clamp sections can be tensioned against one another at least in the area of a connection point. This allows the effective length or the effective scope of the clamp to be adapted to the component.
  • the clip sections can be provided with a joint at least in the area of a connection point and can be angled in relation to one another. This makes it easier to mount the clamp on the component.
  • the clamp sections can be separable from one another at least in the area of a connection point. This also facilitates the assembly of the clamp on the component.
  • two clamp halves can be provided as clamp sections and with two connection points. With more clamp sections in the circumferential direction, the production costs for the clamp increase without any particular additional benefit.
  • the clamp halves can be clamped against one another and separated from one another in the region of their connection points. This simplifies the design of the clamp halves as such while at the same time providing the best possible overall flexibility of the clamp.
  • the clamp can be designed with only one clamp section, the ends of which can be clamped against one another in the region of a connection point.
  • the clamp is the simplest and most economical.
  • At least one clamp section can be a full-surface strip of material.
  • a full-surface clamp section enables good contact with the component, provided the shape of the clamp section is adapted to the surface of the component.
  • At least one clamp section can have, at least in sections, two parallel clamp section strips, between which a recess is provided.
  • the recess is preferably so wide or designed in such a way that the adapter is partially visible through the recess and is otherwise held by the two parallel clamp section strips. This allows the adapter to be connected to the component with a single clamp.
  • two clamps can be provided for fastening the adapter to the component.
  • the adapter can be firmly and intimately connected to the component.
  • the clamp sections can be made of metal. The metallic training enables a stable and durable design.
  • undersides of the clamp sections can have rough surfaces with a surface roughness of at least 0.01 mm.
  • the rough surfaces enable a particularly intimate and non-slip connection between the clamp sections and the adapter and/or between the clamp sections and the component.
  • a layer can be provided on the underside of the adapter for contact with a substrate, with the layer being made of a softer material than the adapter.
  • the layer is part of the system and is intended to ensure even better contact between the adapter and the substrate.
  • the substrate is the surface of the component.
  • the layer can consist of one of the following materials:
  • the materials described are each softer than typical clamps made of steel or another alloy.
  • At least one strain sensor can be printed, glued or welded onto the adapter.
  • the connection of the strain sensor to the adapter is independent of the connection between the adapter and the clamp or the adapter and the component.
  • the adapter can have two fastening areas and a receiving area in between, the tops of the fastening areas having contact surfaces for the at least one clamp, and the receiving area having a receiving surface for the strain sensor. This ensures that the strain sensor is not affected by the attachment of the adapter using the clamps.
  • undersides of the fastening areas can have contact surfaces for contact with the component, with the contact surfaces underside lying under the contact surfaces of the top sides and not laterally offset thereto.
  • the contact surfaces of the upper sides come to lie directly above the contact surfaces of the undersides and the pressure forces occurring through the assembly of the clamps act directly on the component in the area of the contact surfaces of the undersides.
  • the upper sides of the fastening areas can be formed at least partially convexly curved for the attachment of the at least one tensioning clamp.
  • the clamps are particularly effective when their specified shape is and remains as round as possible. This is supported by the convex curvature of the upper sides of the fastening areas.
  • undersides of the fastening areas can be at least partially concavely curved for fastening on a convexly curved surface of the component.
  • the undersides of the fastening areas are adapted to the outer shape of the axle tube and the curvature of the surface of the axle tube.
  • the receiving surface for the strain sensor can be non-curved, that is to say planar. This makes it easier to mount the strain sensor on the mounting surface.
  • the receiving surface for the strain sensor can be curved in such a way that the curvature of the receiving surface changes when the adapter is stretched. This measure can enhance the function of the strain sensor.
  • the upper sides of the fastening areas can have elevations next to the contact surfaces for the clamp, at least on one side next to the contact surfaces.
  • the surveys act as lateral limitations for the clamp during assembly of the same.
  • the upper sides of the fastening areas can have elevations on both sides next to each contact surface. This makes it impossible to loosen the clamps by slipping off the adapter.
  • the upper sides of the fastening areas can be recessed in order to form laterally limited contact surfaces.
  • the clamps come to rest in the indentations.
  • the indentations extend in the circumferential direction of the clamps. A relative movement of the clamps against the contact surfaces transverse to the circumferential direction of the clamps is not possible.
  • the two fastening areas can laterally delimit a space under the receiving area.
  • a free space is created under the receiving area and at the same time between the receiving area and the component.
  • a strain sensor can also be arranged on an underside of the receiving area. The free space can also compensate for any curvature of the component.
  • a strain gauge can be applied to the adapter as a strain sensor. Strain gauges are known in all possible variations and are available at low cost.
  • the invention also relates to a system with a strain sensor, an adapter for connecting the strain sensor to a component that is exposed to dynamic loads, and with screw connections for fastening the adapter to the component, the screw connections each having a disc with a hole between the adapter and the component have, and wherein the disc has a structured surface on one or both sides with depressions or elevations of at least 0.01 mm depth or height.
  • the arrangement of the disk between the adapter and the component enables a defined area between the adapter and disk on the one hand and the disk and component on the other.
  • the material of the disc is preferably harder than the material of the adapter.
  • the structured surface interlocks particularly well with the adapter.
  • the material of the disk is also harder than the material of the component.
  • the bolted system for attaching the adapter may also include some or all of the features of the inventive system discussed above, except for the clamps.
  • the discs of the screw connections can be toothed. These are then so-called toothed discs. These are available in all variations and at low prices.
  • the invention also relates to a system with a strain sensor and an adapter for connecting the strain sensor to a component that is exposed to dynamic loads, the adapter having two fastening areas and a receiving area in between, and the receiving area having a receiving surface for the strain sensor, and the adapter has a recess in each fastening area for receiving and guiding a clamp.
  • this system is intended for connection with clamps.
  • the clamps are not a mandatory part of this system.
  • the strain sensor and adapter system may also include some or all of the features of the inventive systems previously discussed.
  • the invention also relates to the use according to the invention of one of the systems according to the invention discussed above, namely on an axis and for at least one of the following measurements:
  • the invention also relates to an axle for a vehicle, in particular a commercial vehicle, with at least one of the systems according to the invention.
  • the axle can have an axle tube to which at least one of the systems according to the invention is attached.
  • At least one system can be arranged in at least one of the following positions:
  • Axle load can also be measured using strain sensors at both ends of the axle.
  • the torsion is preferably measured with strain sensors at the ends of the axle.
  • the system in question is preferably arranged on the axle tube of the axle.
  • a surface of the axle in the area of the clamp can have a surface roughness of at least 0.01 mm.
  • At least one strain sensor based on an outer circumference of the axle, can be arranged at at least one of the following positions:
  • the system is arranged on the axle so that at least one strain sensor is positioned as described.
  • it makes sense to fasten the adapter and strain sensor where the deformation to be measured occurs.
  • Fastening in the upper position protects against stone chipping.
  • the arrangement in the lower position facilitates assembly and maintenance. Both enable the detection of axle deflection due to the mass of the vehicle.
  • the arrangement in the lateral position enables detection of axle deflection during braking.
  • the arrangement in a position between the side and the top or between the side and the bottom is possible at least for measuring the axle torsion.
  • the invention also relates to a vehicle with an axle according to the invention.
  • the invention can be used in particular in the vehicle sector, preferably with non-driven axles and/or braked axles. In addition or as an alternative, use on driven axles is envisaged.
  • 1 is a side view of an adapter with strain gauges attached to an axle tube
  • FIG. 2 shows the components according to FIG. 1 in a plan view
  • FIG. 3 shows a view as in FIG. 1, but with a different fastening means
  • FIG. 4 shows a view as in FIG. 1, but with two strain sensors (top and bottom),
  • FIG. 5 shows a view as in FIG. 1 , but with a screw connection as the
  • FIG. 6 shows a view as in FIG. 1, but with a curved receiving area of the adapter
  • Fig. 7 shows a cross section through a connection area between the adapter and
  • FIG. 8 shows a representation as in FIG. 7, but with the fastening area pressed against the layer and the substrate,
  • Fig. 10 is a perspective view of the adapter in Fig. 9, obliquely from below,
  • Fig. 11 is a side view of the adapter in Fig. 9,
  • Fig. 12 is a plan view of the adapter in Fig. 9,
  • Fig. 13 shows a cross section through the adapter in Fig. 11, along the line A-A,
  • FIG. 14 shows a view of a running gear for a semi-trailer provided as a trailer vehicle
  • FIG. 16 shows the clamp according to FIG. 15 in an axial top view
  • FIG. 17 shows a further embodiment of a clamping clip in a perspective representation.
  • an adapter 20 is attached to an axle tube 21 and is provided with a strain sensor 22 .
  • the adapter 20 is made in one piece Unit, ie formed in one piece, but has a central receiving area 23 and attachment areas 24, 25 at the ends.
  • the receiving area 23 is designed here in the manner of a flat plate.
  • the fastening areas 24, 25 are each L-shaped, namely with a horizontal leg 26 and a vertical leg 27. The latter is also a space-increasing area, so that an underside 28 of the receiving area is at a clear distance from a surface 29 of the axle tube 21.
  • the surface 29 is also the base for the adapter 20.
  • the strain sensor 22 is glued to an upper side 30 of the receiving area 23 .
  • the top 30 has the function of a receiving surface for the strain sensor 22.
  • the adapter 20 is non-positively fastened to the axle tube 21 with suitable fastening means.
  • suitable fastening means 1, 2, 4, 6, circumferential clamps 31, 32 are provided as fastening means, which rest on the horizontal legs 26 and thus press the fastening areas 24, 25 against the axle tube 21 in a non-positive manner.
  • the clamps 31, 32 are designed in particular in the manner of hose clamps, with a self-locking, adjustable length, or as hinge pin clamps.
  • the strain sensor 22 is arranged exclusively on the upper side 30 of the receiving area 23.
  • strain sensors 22, 33 can be mounted on top 30 and under bottom 28, see Figs. 4 and 5.
  • a strain sensor 33 can be provided only on the underside 28 (not shown).
  • the adapter 20 can also be fastened to the axle tube 21 by means of a very wide clamp 34, which has a cutout 35 for the receiving area 23 in the middle in sections.
  • the adapter 20 can also be fastened to the axle tube 21 with screws 36, 37.
  • the screws 36, 37 extend through the horizontal legs 26 and preferably engage in matching threads 38, 39 in the axle tube 21.
  • a disk 84 with a surface structured on one or both sides, in particular a toothed disk.
  • a more intimate connection between the adapter 20 and the axle tube 21 can be achieved by the washers 84 , while at the same time the size of the connecting surfaces is defined, which results from the surfaces of the washers 84 resting on the adapter 20 and the axle tube 21 .
  • the receiving area 23 can be pre-curved in such a way that the curvature becomes smaller in the direction of the double arrow D when deformation occurs.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 A special feature is shown in FIGS. 7 and 8. Between the surface 29 of the axle tube 21 and an underside 40 of the fastening area 25, a thin layer 41 made of a material is provided which is softer than the material of the fastening area 25 and the axle tube 21 the fastening areas 24, 25 or even the adapter 20 are made entirely of steel or aluminum, while the axle tube 21 is made of steel with an anodised surface.
  • the layer 41 is preferably made of copper or plastic or another material that is relatively softer than steel or aluminum.
  • FIG. 7 roughnesses of the underside 40 and the surface 29 are exaggerated.
  • the adapter 20 is not yet connected to the axle tube 21.
  • FIG. 8 the adapter 20 is attached to the axle tube 21 so that the horizontal leg 26 is pressed against the axle tube 21 and the layer 41 is pressed both into the underside 40 and into the surface 29 .
  • the adapter 20 is connected to the axle tube 21 in a particularly intimate and immovable manner.
  • a peak-to-valley height of the mentioned roughness of surface 29 and underside 40 is preferably more than 0.1 millimeter.
  • An embodiment is also possible in which either the surface 29 or the underside 40 is designed to be rough in this way, while the other surface (or underside) is significantly less rough.
  • the layer 41 is preferably between 0.5 and 2 millimeters thick.
  • FIGS. 9 to 13 A somewhat different design of an adapter 42 is shown in FIGS. 9 to 13.
  • Fastening areas 43, 44 are U-shaped, with an inner vertical leg 45, an outer vertical leg 46 and a horizontal leg 47 lying in between.
  • a receiving area 48 extends between the two inner vertical legs 45, 46, each adjoining this at the top. In this way, a free space 49 is formed below the receiving area 48, which defines a distance from the axle tube (not shown here).
  • the receiving area has a flat upper side 50 as a receiving surface and a flat underside 51 .
  • Inner vertical leg 45 and outer vertical leg 46 each have the same height.
  • the horizontal legs 47 are curved on the top and bottom, see FIGS. 11 and 13, parallel to the surface 29 of the axle tube 21, which is not shown here.
  • the receiving area 48 is designed to be narrower in the transverse direction according to arrow 52 in FIG. 12 than the fastening areas 43, 44, so that a waisted shape with a reduced cross section Q results in the top view according to FIG.
  • horizontal leg 47 and vertical leg 45, 46 form a wide, slot-shaped depression with a longitudinal extent (arrow 52) transverse to the longitudinal extent (double arrow D) of adapter 42.
  • the depression is intended to accommodate the respective clamp 31, 32.
  • the horizontal legs 47 are provided with a convexly curved upper side 63.
  • the respective clamp 31, 32 On the top 63 comes the respective clamp 31, 32 to lie.
  • the curvature of the upper side 63 is adapted to the orientation and curvature of the clamp 31 , 32 .
  • underside 64 On the underside, vertical legs 45, 46 and horizontal legs 47 form a common underside 64, which rests on the surface 29 or comes to rest on the axle tube 21.
  • the underside 64 is concavely curved.
  • a chassis 53 for a trailer has three axles 54, 55, 56 which are held on longitudinal beams 57, 58.
  • the axles 54 to 56 are not powered and are provided with wheel brakes 59 and 60 wheels.
  • the axles 54 to 56 are held on trailing arms 61 and are sprung with air spring bellows 62 .
  • the trailing arms 61 have the function of an axle suspension.
  • Each axle 54 to 56 has an axle tube 21 . This is provided on the one hand between trailing arm 61 and wheel brake 59 and on the other hand in the middle with adapters 20, 42 with a strain sensor. In FIG. 14, the strain sensor is not shown for the sake of simplicity. Only the locations of the adapters 20, 42 can be seen. Depending on the location of the adapter and/or orientation and selection of the strain sensor, axle load and/or axle torsion can be measured.
  • the adapters 20, 42 are preferably arranged centrally on the axle 54 to 56 for an axle load measurement in the axial direction, in particular on or below the same, and for a torsion measurement between the trailing arm 61 and the wheel brake 59. In this case, centered means an arrangement between the trailing arms 61. However, the axle load can also be measured with strain sensors between trailing arms 61 and wheel brakes 59 .
  • the adapters with strain sensors can also be arranged on the surfaces of other components to be tested.
  • the components to be tested can also be parts of other vehicles or devices.
  • clamps 65 for clamping the adapter 42 are designed in a special way. In Fig. 15 only one clamp 65 is shown. In fact, two clamps 65 are provided.
  • the clamp 65 consists of a clamp section 66 extending in the circumferential direction with ends 67, 68 which can be connected to one another in the region of a connection point 69 and clamped against one another.
  • axis-parallel pivot bolts 70, 71 are mounted and can be adjusted by a substantially tangentially directed clamping bolt 72 at a distance from one another.
  • the pivot bolt 70 has a sufficiently dimensioned, simple bore 73, while the pivot bolt 71 is provided with a threaded bore 74 which interacts with a thread 75 of the clamping bolt 72, not shown in detail.
  • a sleeve 77 that widens the cross section is pushed on.
  • the width of the clamp section 66 is just such that it comes to rest on the top side 63 of the adapter 42 between the outer vertical leg 46 and the inner vertical leg 45 with almost no play.
  • the upper side 63 and the vertical leg 45, 46 form a recess 78 for receiving the clamp section 66.
  • the clamp 65 and adapter 42 are thus secured against relative movement in the axial direction—perpendicular to the plane of the drawing in FIG.
  • connection points 82, 83 are designed as in Fig. 16, see there connection point 69.
  • the clamps 65, 79 are designed in the manner of hinge pin clamps. Other versions are possible, such as a hose clamp, clamping jaw clamp or quick-release clamp. List of reference numbers as part of the description

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Clamps And Clips (AREA)
  • Force Measurement Appropriate To Specific Purposes (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un système comprenant un extensomètre (22) et un adaptateur (20), servant à relier l'extensomètre (22) à un composant (21) qui est exposé à des contraintes dynamiques, et au moins un collier de serrage (31, 32) pour fixer l'adaptateur (20) sur le composant (21).
PCT/EP2022/076571 2021-10-26 2022-09-23 Système comprenant un extensomètre et un adaptateur Ceased WO2023072499A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102021127727.2 2021-10-26
DE102021127727.2A DE102021127727A1 (de) 2021-10-26 2021-10-26 System mit Dehnungssensor und Adapter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2023072499A2 true WO2023072499A2 (fr) 2023-05-04
WO2023072499A3 WO2023072499A3 (fr) 2023-06-22

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WO (1) WO2023072499A2 (fr)

Cited By (1)

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CN116678278A (zh) * 2023-05-17 2023-09-01 西北工业大学 一种确定导管应变片粘贴位置的定位尺及方法

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DE102023208358A1 (de) 2023-08-31 2025-03-06 Robert Bosch Gesellschaft mit beschränkter Haftung Prüfsystem zum Überprüfen von lokalen Materialsteifigkeiten
DE102023131335A1 (de) * 2023-11-10 2025-05-15 Amazonen-Werke H. Dreyer SE & Co. KG Landwirtschaftliche Maschine und Verfahren zum Erfassen des Maschinengewichts

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US4102031A (en) 1975-09-29 1978-07-25 Structural Instrumentation, Inc. Method of installing a transducer on a structural member
EP3483576A2 (fr) 2017-11-08 2019-05-15 BPW-Hungária Kft. Dispositif de détection de charge, de préférence de charges de pression, de traction et / ou de torsion sur une partie de châssis de véhicule utilitaire

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4102031A (en) 1975-09-29 1978-07-25 Structural Instrumentation, Inc. Method of installing a transducer on a structural member
EP3483576A2 (fr) 2017-11-08 2019-05-15 BPW-Hungária Kft. Dispositif de détection de charge, de préférence de charges de pression, de traction et / ou de torsion sur une partie de châssis de véhicule utilitaire

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN116678278A (zh) * 2023-05-17 2023-09-01 西北工业大学 一种确定导管应变片粘贴位置的定位尺及方法

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WO2023072499A3 (fr) 2023-06-22

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