WO2023072902A1 - Procédé de production d'un fil métallique pour le renforcement d'articles de caoutchouc - Google Patents
Procédé de production d'un fil métallique pour le renforcement d'articles de caoutchouc Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023072902A1 WO2023072902A1 PCT/EP2022/079715 EP2022079715W WO2023072902A1 WO 2023072902 A1 WO2023072902 A1 WO 2023072902A1 EP 2022079715 W EP2022079715 W EP 2022079715W WO 2023072902 A1 WO2023072902 A1 WO 2023072902A1
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- Prior art keywords
- wire
- diameter
- metal wire
- producing
- metal
- Prior art date
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC REMOVAL OF MATERIALS FROM OBJECTS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25F3/00—Electrolytic etching or polishing
- C25F3/16—Polishing
- C25F3/22—Polishing of heavy metals
- C25F3/24—Polishing of heavy metals of iron or steel
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B1/00—Constructional features of ropes or cables
- D07B1/06—Ropes or cables built-up from metal wires, e.g. of section wires around a hemp core
- D07B1/0606—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles
- D07B1/0666—Reinforcing cords for rubber or plastic articles the wires being characterised by an anti-corrosive or adhesion promoting coating
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
- D07B2201/201—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
- D07B2201/2011—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising metals
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D07—ROPES; CABLES OTHER THAN ELECTRIC
- D07B—ROPES OR CABLES IN GENERAL
- D07B2201/00—Ropes or cables
- D07B2201/20—Rope or cable components
- D07B2201/2001—Wires or filaments
- D07B2201/201—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating
- D07B2201/2013—Wires or filaments characterised by a coating comprising multiple layers
Definitions
- the present invention relates to the field of processes for the production of a metal wire which can be used for the reinforcement of rubber articles and to the use of such metal wires.
- Rubber articles such as tires, tracks or conveyor belts are reinforced by means of reinforcement plies consisting of metal reinforcements arranged parallel side by side. These metal reinforcements can each consist of a metal wire or an assembly of metal wires. Such reinforcements are, for example and in a non-limiting manner, for tires, metal wires whose diameter can range from 0.15 to 0.5 mm, or assemblies of two or more metal wires, for example for vehicles lightweight an assembly of two metal wires with a diameter of 0.30 mm (“2.30” assembly).
- the drawing process conventionally comprises a first step of drawing in a dry environment, in which a wire rod from the steelworks, with a diameter typically ranging from 4.5 to 6.5 mm, is drawn in a series of dies in a gaseous medium, for example air, up to a diameter typically ranging from 0.6 to 3.0 mm.
- the wire obtained can then undergo a heat treatment in order to adjust the microstructure of the steel, possibly be coated with a metallic coating, for example brass, before being drawn in a humid environment to a final diameter which may range from 0.06mm to 0.4mm.
- wires must have, among other characteristics, sufficient mechanical resistance to correctly reinforce the rubber articles and present a sufficiently regular surface condition to limit the wear of the wire drawing dies, to avoid breakage problems.
- Document US 4,859,289 also aims to improve the surface condition of the wire before its coating, in particular with a view to limiting the separation between the coating and the wire, by applying to the wire an electro-polishing treatment in a bath of sulfuric acid and phosphoric acid.
- the yarn processed in the example has a roughness Ra of 0.9 ⁇ m.
- This treatment has the disadvantage of using acids whose handling and reprocessing can be problematic.
- electro-polishing in an acid bath applied to wires that can be used in the reinforcement of rubber articles does not make it possible to reach very low levels of roughness.
- the invention relates to a process for the production of a steel wire which can be used for the reinforcement of rubber articles, comprising at least the following successive steps: a. A step of electro-polishing a metal wire of diameter dl in which the metal wire passes continuously through a deep eutectic solvent bath while being subjected to an anodic current, the current density being between 10 and 50 A/ dm 2 , the residence time of the wire in the deep eutectic solvent bath being between 10 s and 3 min; b. A step of drawing the metal wire to a diameter d2.
- the invention also relates to the use of a metal wire resulting from the production process according to the invention in a rubber article chosen from pneumatic tires, non-pneumatic tires, caterpillars and conveyor belts.
- the compounds comprising carbon mentioned in the description can be of fossil origin or biobased. In the latter case, they can be, partially or totally, derived from biomass or obtained from renewable raw materials derived from biomass. This concerns in particular polymers, plasticizers, fillers, etc.
- part by weight per hundred parts by weight of elastomer (or phr) is meant within the meaning of the present invention, the part, by mass per hundred parts by mass of elastomer.
- any interval of values denoted by the expression “between a and b” represents the domain of values going from more than a to less than b (i.e. limits a and b excluded) while any interval of values denoted by the expression “from a to b” signifies the range of values going from a to b (that is to say including the strict limits a and b).
- FIG.1 There is shown in Figure 1 a diagram of a method of producing a metal wire according to the invention.
- the method for producing a metal wire according to the invention comprises a step a) of electropolishing a metal wire of diameter dl in which the metal wire passes continuously through a deep eutectic solvent bath where it is subjected to a anodic current, in the presence of a current density ranging from 10 to 50 A/dm 2 , the residence time of the metal wire in the deep eutectic solvent bath being between 10 s and 3 min.
- the current density in the bath is expressed in amperes per dm 2 of wire surface immersed in the bath.
- the current density ranges from 10 to 50 A/dm 2 , preferably from 15 and 30 A/dm 2 .
- the electro-polishing step makes it possible to dissolve the roughness peaks of the metallic wire, and thus to reduce the overall roughness of the latter.
- the residence time of the wire in the bath of eutectic solvent must be sufficient for the electro-polishing to be carried out satisfactorily, without being too great for the baths to have a size compatible with the typical running speeds of wire-drawing processes. industrial.
- the residence time of the wire in the deep eutectic solvent bath ranges from 10 s to 3 min, preferably from 20 s to 150 s.
- the diameter d1 ranges from 0.6 to 3.0 mm.
- a deep eutectic solvent is formed by the mixing between two or more compounds in an exact proportion which corresponds to the eutectic point. This mixture behaves like a pure substance.
- the deep eutectic solvent is chosen from an eutectic mixture of choline chloride and ethylene glycol and an eutectic mixture of choline chloride and glycerol.
- HSE risks the health-safety-environment type
- the handling of the solvent is facilitated compared to the use of acids.
- the preferred deep eutectic solvents make it possible to reduce in a particularly effective manner the surface defects of a steel wire intended for the reinforcement of rubber articles, in particular pneumatic tires.
- a deep eutectic solvent prepared by simply mixing the constituent compounds in the right proportions, at a temperature sufficient for all the constituents to be in the liquid phase.
- a deep eutectic solvent consisting of choline chloride and ethylene glycol is prepared by diluting choline chloride powder in ethylene glycol at a temperature of approximately 105°C and then cooling the resulting mixture.
- the solvent obtained has a composition corresponding to the eutectic point, namely an ethylene glycol ⁇ choline chloride molar ratio equal to 2 ⁇ 1.
- the temperature of the deep eutectic solvent bath ranges from 50°C to 100°C, preferably from 50°C to 80°C. Below 50°C, the conductivity of the solvent is lower and the current density necessary to implement the electro-polishing treatment in a satisfactory period of time becomes excessive. By limiting the temperature of the bath, the solvent is allowed to remain below the eutectic point while minimizing the energy cost as well as operational risks such as burns.
- the surface of the metal wire has, at the end of step a), an arithmetic average roughness Ra of less than or equal to 0.3 ⁇ m, Ra being measured according to the ISO4287 standard of 2009.
- the diameter of the metal wire at the end of step a) is 5 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m less than the diameter of the metal wire entering step a). This reduction in diameter is linked to electro-polishing which removes the roughness of the wire.
- the dissolved part of the metal wire precipitates at the bottom of the bath, allowing it to retain its effectiveness over long treatment periods.
- the electro-polishing step can be introduced into a wire-drawing process as well known to those skilled in the art without there being any need to modify the other steps of the process. Its implementation in an industrial scheme is therefore very simple.
- the method according to the invention comprises a step of drawing the metal wire to a diameter d2.
- This step well known to those skilled in the art, is often referred to as “draw drawing in a wet environment”.
- the step of drawing the metal wire to a diameter d2 is carried out by passing the metal wire successively through several dies whose passage diameters are progressively decreasing.
- the number of dies, and consequently the number of successive reductions in diameter is a function of the ductility of the metal wire and of the diameter d2 to be achieved. The lower this is, the greater the number of dies may be.
- Yarn pulling means positioned downstream of each die make it possible to exert a pulling force sufficient to pull the yarn through each die.
- the traction means and the dies are immersed in a liquid bath of drawing lubricant, for example as described in document WO 2008/113481.
- the metal wire circulates in a liquid medium, for example an aqueous solution.
- a liquid medium for example an aqueous solution.
- the drawing lubricant during drawing in a wet environment is in liquid form.
- the traction means for example capstans, are exposed to the liquid medium, for example the aqueous solution.
- the metal wire undergoes from 1 to m drawing operations (m varying for example from 8 to 23) with the aim of reducing the diameter of the metal wire by an intermediate diameter dl or slightly less than dl, the step of electro-polishing that may have led to a slight decrease in the diameter of the metal wire, towards the final diameter d2 as well as to increase the maximum breaking stress of the metal wire.
- the diameter d2 ranges from 0.06 to 0.4 mm.
- a yarn can be used for the reinforcement of a rubber article, for example a rubber article chosen from pneumatic tires, non-pneumatic tires, caterpillars and conveyor belts.
- non-pneumatic tire is meant a tire whose shape is maintained by a means other than a gas, for example air, pressurized.
- a non-pneumatic tire can be kept in shape using semi-rigid stays.
- such a yarn can be used as such, or in the form of an assembly of several yarns. The assembly can be carried out by any method known to those skilled in the art such as cabling, twisting or other.
- we can cite conventionally used assemblies such as assemblies 2.30 (two wires of 30 hundredths) or 19.18 (cable with three layers comprising a core wire, a second layer of 6 wires and a third layer of 12 wires ).
- the drawing operations form an uninterrupted series of drawing operations in a wet environment of the wire from the intermediate diameter d1 to the final diameter d2.
- Each operation 1 to m is a drawing operation in a wet environment in which the metal wire is passed through a die of diameter smaller than the diameter of the wire upstream of the die.
- the metal wire has a diameter downstream of the die that is smaller than the diameter upstream of the die.
- the diameter of each downstream die is less than the diameter of the die located upstream.
- uninterrupted series of wire-drawing operations it is meant that the metal wire makes a series of successive passes through several wire-drawing dies, each pass through each wire-drawing die corresponding to a wire-drawing operation. Apart from the last pass, each pass in a die is followed directly by a pass in the die which succeeds it.
- the metal wire does not undergo any operation, in particular heat treatment or coating, other than a drawing operation. In other words, the metal wire does not undergo any operation, in particular heat treatment or coating, between two directly successive series drawing operations.
- Step ab) of forming a metallic coating Preferably, the process for producing a metal wire according to any one of the preceding claims comprising, between step a) of electro-polishing and step b) of drawing, a step ab) of forming, at the surface of the metal wire from step a), a metal coating selected from the group formed by copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, tin, iron, aluminum, manganese, a alloy of two of these metals and an alloy of three of these metals, preferably chosen from the group formed by an alloy of copper and zinc, an alloy of copper and tin, and a ternary alloy formed by copper, zinc , and a metal selected from nickel, cobalt, tin and iron.
- a metal coating selected from the group formed by copper, zinc, nickel, cobalt, tin, iron, aluminum, manganese, a alloy of two of these metals and an alloy of three of these metals, preferably chosen from the group formed by an alloy of copper and zinc, an alloy of copper and
- This step is well known to those skilled in the art and can be carried out, for example and when the coating is brass, by successive operations of copper deposition, zinc deposition, then thermal diffusion.
- the method according to the invention preferably comprises, prior to step a), a step pa) of reducing the diameter of the metal wire from a diameter d to a diameter dl.
- the diameter d preferably ranges from 4.5 to 6.5 mm.
- This step can be carried out according to any method known to those skilled in the art.
- this step can be carried out by rolling, by passing the metal wire through a succession of pairs of rollers, each pair being oriented at an angle with respect to the preceding pair, for example oriented perpendicularly.
- this step is carried out by drawing.
- This wire drawing step well known to those skilled in the art, is often referred to as “dry wire drawing”. It typically includes several operations.
- a metal wire of initial diameter d ranging from 4.5 to 6.5 mm, preferably made of steel and having a maximum breaking stress of between 300 MPa and 700 MPa is unwound.
- the wire, called wire rod is stored in the form of a bundle on a reel from which it is unwound using automated unwinding means, for example an unwinder.
- the micro-structure of the steel is then ferritic-pearlitic.
- the wire rod is passed through several successive pulleys and through two straighteners each formed by several pulleys, the pulleys of each straightener being mounted in rotation along an axis perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the pulleys of the other straightener.
- the wire rod is coated with a layer of a drawing lubricant before starting the actual drawing, in n drawing operations, n possibly varying from 6 to 12, for example.
- the purpose of the n drawing operations is to reduce the diameter of the metal wire from the initial diameter d to an intermediate diameter d1.
- the drawing operations preferably form an uninterrupted series of drawing operations in a dry environment of the metal wire from the initial diameter d to the intermediate diameter d1.
- Each drawing operation is a drawing operation in a dry environment in which the metal wire is passed through a die of diameter smaller than the diameter of the wire upstream of the die.
- the metal wire has a diameter downstream of the die that is smaller than the diameter upstream of the die.
- the diameter of each die is smaller than the diameter of the die located upstream.
- Means for pulling the metal wire positioned downstream of each die make it possible to exert a pulling force sufficient to pull the wire through each die.
- a wire-drawing lubricant in powder form is used.
- the metal wire circulates in a gaseous medium, for example ambient air.
- the wire-drawing lubricant during wire-drawing in a dry environment is in powder form.
- the traction means for example capstans, are exposed to the gaseous environment, for example ambient air.
- uninterrupted series of wire-drawing steps it is meant that the metal wire performs a series of successive passes through several wire-drawing dies, each pass through each wire-drawing die corresponding to a wire-drawing operation. Apart from the last pass, each pass in a die is followed directly by a pass in the die which succeeds it.
- the metal wire does not undergo any other operation, in particular heat treatment or coating, than a drawing operation. In other words, the metal wire does not undergo any operation, in particular heat treatment or coating, between two directly successive wire drawing operations in the series.
- the metal wire can optionally be wound on a reel during a winding operation, prior to its treatment in the subsequent stages of the method according to the invention.
- the coiling can be used to store the metal wire temporarily, or to transport it to the place of implementation of the other steps of the method according to the invention.
- the metal wire is then then unwound in an unwinding operation before feeding the next step of the method according to the invention.
- the metal wire is subjected to a heat treatment operation. If a winding operation is implemented after the drawing operations in a dry environment, the heat treatment operation is implemented after the unwinding operation.
- the heat treatment operation makes it possible to modify the metallographic structure of the metal wire of intermediate diameter dl to regenerate the structure of the wire rod.
- a person skilled in the art knows how to find the various parameters of this step, for example in “The basic principles of the heat treatment of steels”, André Constant and Guy Henry, ISBN 2-85330-083-8.
- the metal wire of intermediate diameter d1 is heated to a temperature greater than or equal to the austenitization temperature of the steel, here greater than or equal to 850°C.
- the austenitization temperature it must reach.
- the austenitization is not sufficient, non-recrystallized bands remain and the austenite obtained is not homogeneous, which is detrimental to subsequent drawing.
- the austenitization is too high, the microstructure obtained during subsequent cooling is an acicular ferrite (known as Windmanstatten) and not a ferrito-pearlitic structure.
- the metal wire of intermediate diameter d1 is then cooled so as to impart to the steel a pearlitic or ferrito-pearlitic microstructure.
- the metal wire is cooled to prevent the formation of a microstructure other than a pearlitic, ferritic or ferrito-pearlitic structure. Too fast a cooling rate would lead to an acicular, bainitic or martensitic ferritic microstructure.
- a person skilled in the art knows how to determine the cooling rate as a function of the chemical composition steel, the austenitization temperature using charts available in particular in the document "Atlas of transformation curves for French-made steels", IRDIS, 1974.
- metal wire is meant an object having a very long length relative to its section, this section being observed along a plane perpendicular to the longest length of the wire.
- the section of the metal wire can be circular, oval or polygonal, for example square or rectangular, the angles being able, in the case of a polygonal shape, to be rounded.
- the shape of the section of the wire is conferred on the one hand by during step pa) of reduction in diameter when this is implemented, and on the other hand during step b) of wire drawing metallic.
- the section of the metal wire is circular, oval or rectangular.
- diameter of the wire is meant the greatest length of the section of the wire.
- the metal wire is a steel wire.
- Suitable steel is any steel usable for the reinforcement of rubber articles selected from pneumatic tires, non-pneumatic tires, caterpillars and conveyor belts. Such a steel must in particular be able to be drawn to diameters ranging from 0.6 mm to 2.5 mm, in particular for use as "rod wire", or even to be able to be drawn to diameters ranging from 0 0.06 to 0.4 mm to be used, alone or in assembly, as a reinforcing element in rubber articles, for example in carcass plies or crown plies.
- a carbon steel when a carbon steel is used, its carbon content (% by weight of steel) is within a range of 0.1% to 1.1%, its silicon content (% by weight of steel) is within a range of 0% to 1%, its chromium content (% by weight of steel) is within a range of 0% to 1%, the contents of elements Mn, Cu, Mo, Al, P and S each being less than 1% (% by weight of steel), the rest of the composition of the steel being iron and the inevitable impurities.
- the invention applies in particular to steel cord type steels with normal resistance (called “NT” for “Normal Tensile”), high resistance (called “HT” for “High Tensile”), very high resistance (called “ST” for “Super Tensile”) and ultra high resistance (called “UT” for “Ultra Tensile”), the resistances NT, HT, ST and UT being defined in accordance with the ISO 17832:2018 _ 05 standard.
- the total elongation at break (At) of the wire once drawn, sum of the elastic elongation and the plastic elongation is preferably greater than 2.0%.
- the depths of hollows of a carbon steel wire for tire reinforcement with a diameter of 1.75 mm, comprising 0.86% by mass of carbon and a mechanical strength of 1300 MPa, are measured.
- the hollow depth Sv measurement is carried out in accordance with the ISO 25178 standard of 2015.
- the mechanical resistance is measured according to the ASTM D4975-14 standard.
- the 1.75 mm diameter wire is obtained by drawing a 5.5 mm diameter wire rod in a dry environment using 12 successive dies allowing a gradual reduction in the diameter of the wire.
- the table below presents the results obtained on the wire obtained by drawing in the conventional manner (dry drawing) as well as on the wire treated by electro-polishing.
- the electropolished wire differs from the control wire only in that it is subjected, after drawing identical to the control wire, to a treatment by electro-polishing.
- the electropolishing treatment is carried out by continuously scrolling the wire through a deep eutectic solvent bath of a mixture of ethylene glycol and choline chloride in a molar ratio of 2'1, at a temperature of 70°C in the presence with a current density of 20.7 A/dm 2 , the residence time of the wire in the bath being 60 seconds.
- the number of surface defects is measured by eddy current, a well-known method in the field of metallurgy for the analysis of surface defects. To do this, the wire passes through an electro-magnetic coil supplied with a current. A fault is detected by varying the amplitude and phase of the generated eddy current.
- the treatment according to the invention makes it possible to significantly reduce the depth of the surface defects as well as the number of surface defects.
- control wire as well as the wire having undergone an electro-polishing treatment of example 1 are drawn in a step of wet drawing by passing through a succession of 19 dies.
- Wear is determined by measuring the evolution of the diameter of the wire leaving the last die as a function of time. The more the die is worn, the more this diameter will increase. The test is interrupted when the pilot wire reaches the tolerance limit.
- the evolution of the diameter of the control yarn and of the yarn obtained by the process according to the invention are represented in FIG. 2. It is observed that the diameter of the yarn obtained by the process according to the invention evolves less rapidly than the diameter of the control yarn. , allowing prolonged use of the dies.
- Example 3 improvement in resistance to rotational bending
- a wire of the state of the art and a wire obtained according to the process of the invention were compared during a rotary bending test carried out in a dry atmosphere and in a humid atmosphere (at least 60% relative humidity). .
- This test measures the maximum endurance stress in rotary bending in a dry or wet environment (60% relative humidity) (respectively SigmaD and Sigma D2) of each wire tested.
- the rotary bending test (“Hunter fatigue test”) is a known fatigue test; it has been described in patent US Pat. No. 2,435,772 and used for example in patent application EP-A-220,766 to test the fatigue-corrosion resistance of metal wires intended for reinforcing tire casings.
- ⁇ a sample of the wire to be tested, of determined length, is held at each of its two ends by two parallel jaws. In one of the jaws, the wire can rotate freely while it remains fixed in the second jaw which is motorized.
- the bending of the wire makes it possible to apply a given bending stress to it, the intensity of which varies with the imposed radius of curvature, itself a function of the useful length of the sample (for example from 70 to 250 mm) and of the distance between the two jaws (for example from 30 to 115 mm).
- the test is conducted as follows : a first stress o is chosen and the fatigue test is launched for a maximum number of 10 5 cycles, at the rate of 3000 rotations per minute.
- breaking the cable here is meant the breaking of at least one wire constituting the cable.
- E the Young's modulus of the material (in MPa)
- cp the diameter of the broken wire (in mm)
- control threads are obtained in a conventional manner.
- the wires obtained by the method according to the invention differ from the control wires only in that they have undergone an electropolishing treatment before the drawing step in a wet environment.
- the yarn obtained by the method according to the invention has a significantly lower decline while having a breaking strength similar to the control yarn, and this for all the diameters and carbon contents tested.
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- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Ropes Or Cables (AREA)
- Electroplating Methods And Accessories (AREA)
- Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202280067244.4A CN118056037A (zh) | 2021-10-25 | 2022-10-25 | 用于增强橡胶制品的金属丝线的制备方法 |
| EP22809715.0A EP4423324A1 (fr) | 2021-10-25 | 2022-10-25 | Procédé de production d'un fil métallique pour le renforcement d'articles de caoutchouc |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FRFR2111309 | 2021-10-25 | ||
| FR2111309A FR3128389B1 (fr) | 2021-10-25 | 2021-10-25 | Procédé de production d’un fil métallique pour le renforcement d’articles de caoutchouc |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023072902A1 true WO2023072902A1 (fr) | 2023-05-04 |
Family
ID=78827961
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2022/079715 Ceased WO2023072902A1 (fr) | 2021-10-25 | 2022-10-25 | Procédé de production d'un fil métallique pour le renforcement d'articles de caoutchouc |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP4423324A1 (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN118056037A (fr) |
| FR (1) | FR3128389B1 (fr) |
| WO (1) | WO2023072902A1 (fr) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2435772A (en) | 1944-08-16 | 1948-02-10 | Hunter Pressed Steel Company | Method and apparatus for testing wire |
| EP0220766A1 (fr) | 1985-10-18 | 1987-05-06 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Corde en acier avec une résistance élevée à la fatigue de corrosion |
| US4859289A (en) | 1986-05-26 | 1989-08-22 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Process for producing a metal wire useful as rubber product reinforcement |
| JPH07268787A (ja) | 1994-03-25 | 1995-10-17 | Nippon Steel Corp | 疲労特性の優れた高強度鋼線並びにこの鋼線を用いたスチールコード及びこれらの鋼線またはスチールコードを用いたゴム製品 |
| WO2008113481A1 (fr) | 2007-03-08 | 2008-09-25 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Procede de trefilage humide de fils d'acier destines au renforcement de bandages pneumatiques |
-
2021
- 2021-10-25 FR FR2111309A patent/FR3128389B1/fr active Active
-
2022
- 2022-10-25 WO PCT/EP2022/079715 patent/WO2023072902A1/fr not_active Ceased
- 2022-10-25 CN CN202280067244.4A patent/CN118056037A/zh active Pending
- 2022-10-25 EP EP22809715.0A patent/EP4423324A1/fr active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2435772A (en) | 1944-08-16 | 1948-02-10 | Hunter Pressed Steel Company | Method and apparatus for testing wire |
| EP0220766A1 (fr) | 1985-10-18 | 1987-05-06 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Corde en acier avec une résistance élevée à la fatigue de corrosion |
| US4859289A (en) | 1986-05-26 | 1989-08-22 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Process for producing a metal wire useful as rubber product reinforcement |
| JPH07268787A (ja) | 1994-03-25 | 1995-10-17 | Nippon Steel Corp | 疲労特性の優れた高強度鋼線並びにこの鋼線を用いたスチールコード及びこれらの鋼線またはスチールコードを用いたゴム製品 |
| WO2008113481A1 (fr) | 2007-03-08 | 2008-09-25 | Societe De Technologie Michelin | Procede de trefilage humide de fils d'acier destines au renforcement de bandages pneumatiques |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
| Title |
|---|
| ABBOTT A P ET AL: "Electrofinishing of metals using eutectic based ionic liquids", TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE OF METAL FINISHING, MANEY PUBLISHING, BIRMINGHAM, GB, vol. 86, no. 4, 1 July 2008 (2008-07-01), pages 196 - 204, XP001516995, ISSN: 0020-2967, DOI: 10.1179/174591908X327590 * |
| ABBOTT A.P. ET AL: "Electropolishing of stainless steel in an ionic liquid", TRANSACTIONS OF THE INSTITUTE OF METAL FINISHING., vol. 83, no. 1, 1 February 2005 (2005-02-01), GB, pages 51 - 53, XP055961822, ISSN: 0020-2967, DOI: 10.1179/002029605X17657 * |
| DIXONMOOD, JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN STATISTICAL ASSOCIATION, vol. 43, 1948, pages 109 - 126 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| FR3128389A1 (fr) | 2023-04-28 |
| FR3128389B1 (fr) | 2023-12-15 |
| EP4423324A1 (fr) | 2024-09-04 |
| CN118056037A (zh) | 2024-05-17 |
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