WO2023074613A1 - 積層造形に適したNi系合金粉末及び該粉末を用いて得られた積層造形体 - Google Patents
積層造形に適したNi系合金粉末及び該粉末を用いて得られた積層造形体 Download PDFInfo
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C19/00—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt
- C22C19/03—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel
- C22C19/05—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium
- C22C19/051—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W
- C22C19/055—Alloys based on nickel or cobalt based on nickel with chromium and Mo or W with the maximum Cr content being at least 20% but less than 30%
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550°C
- B23K35/3033—Ni as the principal constituent
- B23K35/304—Ni as the principal constituent with Cr as the next major constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y70/00—Materials specially adapted for additive manufacturing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B33—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
- B33Y—ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
- B33Y80/00—Products made by additive manufacturing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C1/00—Making non-ferrous alloys
- C22C1/04—Making non-ferrous alloys by powder metallurgy
- C22C1/0433—Nickel- or cobalt-based alloys
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C30/00—Alloys containing less than 50% by weight of each constituent
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/06—Metallic powder characterised by the shape of the particles
- B22F1/065—Spherical particles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/10—Formation of a green body
- B22F10/14—Formation of a green body by jetting of binder onto a bed of metal powder
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/25—Direct deposition of metal particles, e.g. direct metal deposition [DMD] or laser engineered net shaping [LENS]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F10/00—Additive manufacturing of workpieces or articles from metallic powder
- B22F10/20—Direct sintering or melting
- B22F10/28—Powder bed fusion, e.g. selective laser melting [SLM] or electron beam melting [EBM]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
- B22F2009/0824—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid with a specific atomising fluid
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F9/00—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof
- B22F9/02—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes
- B22F9/06—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material
- B22F9/08—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying
- B22F9/082—Making metallic powder or suspensions thereof using physical processes starting from liquid material by casting, e.g. through sieves or in water, by atomising or spraying atomising using a fluid
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/25—Process efficiency
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a Ni-based alloy powder suitable for additive manufacturing and a laminate-molded body obtained using the powder.
- 3D printers have begun to be used to manufacture metal objects.
- a 3D printer produces a modeled body by the layered manufacturing method, and typical methods of the layered manufacturing method include the powder bed method (powder bed fusion method) and the metal deposition method (directed energy deposition method). etc.
- the modeling layers are stacked by repeating the process of supplying molten powder to a predetermined position and solidifying it to form a modeling layer.
- the melted powder can be obtained by directly melting the flying powder that is sprayed toward the base material or adhering to the surface of the base material with a laser beam, or by indirectly melting the powder onto the surface of the base material that has been melted. It is formed by melting into
- the irradiated parts of the spread powder are melted and solidified by irradiation with a laser beam or an electron beam. This melting and solidification binds the powder particles together.
- the irradiation is selectively applied to a portion of the metal powder, the non-irradiated portion does not melt, and a bonding layer is formed only on the irradiated portion.
- New metal powder is spread over the formed bonding layer, and the metal powder is irradiated with a laser beam or an electron beam. The irradiation then melts and solidifies the metal particles to form a new bonding layer.
- the new tie layer is also bonded to the existing tie layer.
- a powder obtained by mixing an iron-based powder and one or more powders selected from the group consisting of nickel, nickel-based alloys, copper, copper-based alloys, and graphite is used as a metal light.
- a powder layer forming step of forming a powder layer using metal powder for modeling, a sintered layer forming step of irradiating the powder layer with a beam to form a sintered layer, and a removing step of cutting the surface of the modeled body are repeated.
- a method has been proposed in which a sintered layer is formed by a method of manufacturing a three-dimensional shaped body (see Patent Document 1).
- Ni-based superalloy powder One of the powders used in additive manufacturing is Ni-based superalloy powder.
- Ni-based superalloys have excellent heat resistance by adding Ti, Al, etc. and precipitating intermetallic compounds by heat treatment. It is used in the form of cast or forged materials for applications such as engine parts materials in the industrial sector, but due to its poor workability, the application of the powder sintering lamination method, which can produce parts in near net shape, is being promoted.
- Solidification cracking which is one of the reasons why cracks are likely to occur in laminate-molded bodies obtained by the additive manufacturing method using Ni-based alloy powder, for example, in Ni-based alloys containing Nb for precipitation strengthening, ⁇ / Laves or the eutectic of ⁇ /NbC, the melt remains at a low temperature. Therefore, the presence of the low-melting melt widens the BTR (solid-liquid coexistence zone), which is likely to be affected by strain due to solidification shrinkage.
- ⁇ /Laves eutectic the eutectic structure composed of the ⁇ phase and the Laves phase
- ⁇ /NbC eutectic the eutectic structure composed of the ⁇ phase and the NbC phase
- Nb is a component useful for precipitation strengthening by the ⁇ ′′ phase (gamma double prime phase)
- C is a component necessary for grain boundary strengthening. Otherwise, the required high temperature strength cannot be obtained.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a Ni-based alloy powder that is excellent in crack resistance and high-temperature strength and is suitable for layered manufacturing, and a layered product obtained using the powder.
- Ni-based alloy powder capable of achieving both crack resistance and high-temperature strength has a strength parameter A1 of A1 ⁇ 200 and a crack resistance parameter A2 of A2 ⁇ 200.
- a system alloy powder was found.
- a second aspect of the present invention relates to a laminate-molded body obtained using the Ni-based alloy powder according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of laminate-molded bodies obtained using the alloy powders of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of laminate-molded bodies obtained using the alloy powders of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- a first aspect of the present invention relates to a Ni-based alloy powder.
- % in the component composition of the Ni-based alloy powder means % by mass.
- a to B% means from A% to B%.
- Ni is a component that contributes to corrosion resistance.
- Ni contributes to corrosion resistance at high temperatures in acidic environments and chloride ion-containing environments.
- the content of Ni in the Ni-based alloy powder is set to 40.00% or more.
- the content of Ni in the Ni-based alloy powder should be 70.00% or less.
- the content of Ni in the Ni-based alloy powder is preferably 45.00 to 69.00%, more preferably 48.00 to 68.00%, even more preferably 50.00 to 67.00%, still more preferably is 52.00 to 66.00%.
- Cr 15.00-25.00% Cr is an element that contributes to solid solution strengthening of the alloy and improved oxidation resistance when used at high temperatures. If the Cr content in the Ni-based alloy powder is less than 15.00%, the above effect cannot be sufficiently obtained. On the other hand, when the Cr content in the Ni-based alloy powder exceeds 25.00%, the ⁇ phase is generated, resulting in deterioration of high-temperature strength and toughness. Therefore, the content of Cr in the Ni-based alloy powder is set to 15.00 to 25.00%.
- the Cr content in the Ni-based alloy powder is preferably 16.00 to 24.00%, more preferably 17.00 to 24.00%, even more preferably 18.00 to 23.00%, still more preferably is 19.00 to 23.00%.
- Mo 0.10-12.00%
- Mo is an element that contributes to solid solution strengthening and is effective in increasing strength, so the content of Mo in the Ni-based alloy powder is set to 0.10% or more. However, too much Mo promotes the formation of ⁇ phase or ⁇ phase, impairs the toughness of the shaped body, and contributes to embrittlement, so the Mo content in the Ni-based alloy powder is 12.00% or less. and The content of Mo in the Ni-based alloy powder is preferably 1.00-11.50%, more preferably 2.00-11.00%, and even more preferably 3.00-10.50%.
- Nb 3.00-7.00%
- Nb is a component that forms carbides and forms a ⁇ ′′ phase to improve strength, so the content of Nb in the Ni-based alloy powder is set to 3.00% or more.
- the amount of Nb is too large, the amount of Laves phases produced increases and a ⁇ /Laves eutectic is produced, making the Ni-based alloy powder prone to cracking.
- Al 0.10-1.50%
- Al is an element that forms a ⁇ ' phase (gamma prime phase) and improves creep rupture strength and oxidation resistance, so the Al content in the Ni-based alloy powder is set to 0.10% or more. However, if the Al content in the Ni-based alloy powder exceeds 1.50%, hot cracks are likely to occur, and cracks are likely to occur during additive manufacturing. .50% or less.
- the content of Al in the Ni-based alloy powder is preferably 0.20% to 1.40%.
- Ti 0.10-2.00%
- Ti like Al, forms a ⁇ ' phase and is an element that improves creep rupture strength and oxidation resistance, so the content of Ti in the Ni-based alloy powder is made 0.10% or more.
- the content of Ti in the Ni-based alloy powder is preferably 0.20-1.90%, more preferably 0.30-1.80%.
- Si 0.01-0.40% Since Si acts as a deoxidizer during melting and is an element that imparts oxidation resistance at high temperatures, the content of Si in the Ni-based alloy powder is set to 0.01% or more. On the other hand, if too much Si is added, the oxidation resistance at high temperatures deteriorates, so the Si content in the Ni-based alloy powder should be 0.40% or less.
- the Si content in the Ni-based alloy powder is preferably 0.05 to 0.40%.
- C 0.001-0.15%
- C also forms carbides such as M6C , M7C3 , M23C6 with Cr, Mo , W, etc. to increase the high-temperature strength of the alloy. It is an effective element. Therefore, the content of C in the Ni-based alloy powder is set to 0.001% or more. However, if C is contained excessively, a eutectic of ⁇ /NbC is formed and cracking is likely to occur.
- the content of C in the Ni-based alloy powder is preferably 0.01 to 0.14%, more preferably 0.02 to 0.14%, even more preferably 0.03 to 0.13%, still more preferably is 0.04-0.12%.
- B 0.0002 to 0.0040%
- B is a component that has the effect of strengthening grain boundaries and improving strength. Therefore, the content of B in the Ni-based alloy powder is set to 0.0002% or more. However, if the amount of B is too much, the concentration of the Nb compound (Laves or NbC) in the final solidified portion of welding is promoted, so the B content in the Ni-based alloy powder is made 0.0040% or less.
- the content of B in the Ni-based alloy powder is preferably 0.0003-0.0035%, more preferably 0.0004-0.0030%.
- S 0-0.002%
- S promotes cracking during sintering in the rapid melting and rapid solidification process by producing a liquid phase with a low melting point during solidification. Therefore, the content of S in the Ni-based alloy powder is set to 0.002% or less. Solidification cracking can be suppressed by setting the content of S to 0.002% or less, which generates a liquid phase with a low melting point during solidification and tends to cause solidification cracking.
- the content of S in the Ni-based alloy powder may be 0% or may exceed 0%. When the S content is more than 0%, the S content is, for example, 0.001% or more.
- the Ni-based alloy powder can contain either W or Co, or both W and Co.
- W contributes to solid solution strengthening, but excess W impairs the toughness and strength of the compact.
- Co increases the solubility of the ⁇ ' phase in Ni solid solution. Therefore, Co is a component that can increase the high-temperature ductility and high-temperature strength of the laminate-molded body. However, excess Co impairs the toughness and strength of the compact. Therefore, from the viewpoint of toughness and strength, the total content of W and Co in the Ni-based alloy powder should be 7.00% or less.
- the total content of W and Co in the Ni-based alloy powder is preferably 6.90% or less, more preferably 6.80% or less, even more preferably 6.70% or less, still more preferably 6.60% or less. is.
- the total content of W and Co may be 0% or greater than 0%. When the total content of W and Co is over 0%, the content of W and Co is, for example, 1.00% or more.
- the balance of the Ni-based alloy powder according to the first aspect of the present invention is Fe and inevitable impurities. Since Fe is an element effective in cost reduction by substituting for Ni, the balance of the Ni-based alloy powder according to the first aspect of the present invention is Fe and unavoidable impurities.
- Ni-based alloy powder according to the first aspect of the present invention can achieve both high-temperature strength and crack resistance by satisfying the ranges of the present invention for both A1 and A2. Satisfying only one of them will not satisfy either high-temperature strength or crack resistance, and it will be difficult to achieve both. Therefore, both A1 and A2 must satisfy the specified values. .
- the meanings of the values of A1 and A2 are as follows.
- A1 is a parameter of strength, and when the value of A1 is 200 or more, high-temperature strength is sufficiently ensured.
- A2 value: 200 or less A2 value is A2 270.4 [C] + 0.5 [Cr] + 0.6 [Mo] + 0.3 [W] + 0.1 [Co] + 10.0 [Nb] + 30.5 [Al] + 15.8 [Ti] +2009.1 [B] +4094.3 [S] +62.1 (Wherein, [C], [Cr], [Mo], [W], [Co], [Nb], [Al], [Ti], [B] and [S] are the Represents the content (% by mass) of C, Cr, Mo, W, Co, Nb, Al, Ti, B and S in the Ni-based alloy powder according to the first aspect.) defined by
- A2 is a crack resistance parameter, and when the value of A2 is 200 or less, the number of cracks is suppressed.
- the average particle size (D 50 ) of the Ni-based alloy powder according to the first aspect of the present invention is preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less. If the D 50 is less than 10 ⁇ m, the flowability of the powder is reduced due to pulverization. On the other hand, when the D 50 exceeds 100 ⁇ m, the filling factor decreases, and the density of the layered product obtained by the layered manufacturing method using the Ni-based alloy powder according to the first aspect of the present invention decreases.
- D50 of the Ni-based alloy powder according to the first aspect of the present invention is more preferably 20 ⁇ m or more and 95 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 30 ⁇ m or more and 90 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 40 ⁇ m or more and 85 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 50 ⁇ m or more and 85 ⁇ m. Below, it is more preferably 60 ⁇ m or more and 85 ⁇ m or less.
- D 50 ( ⁇ m) is the particle diameter at the point where the cumulative volume is 50% in the volume-based cumulative frequency distribution curve obtained when the total volume of the powder is 100%.
- D50 is measured by the laser diffraction scattering method.
- a laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus "Microtrac MT3000" manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd. is used. Powder is poured into the cell of this device with pure water, and the particle size is detected based on the light scattering information of the particles.
- Ni-based alloy powder The production of the Ni-based alloy powder according to the first aspect of the present invention will be described below.
- methods for producing Ni-based alloy powder include water atomization, single roll quenching, twin roll quenching, gas atomization, disc atomization and centrifugal atomization.
- preferred methods for producing Ni-based alloy powder are the single roll cooling method, the gas atomization method and the disc atomization method.
- powder can be obtained by pulverizing by mechanical milling or the like. Examples of milling methods include a ball mill method, a bead mill method, a planetary ball mill method, an attritor method and a vibrating ball mill method.
- the gas atomization method is particularly preferable as the method for producing the Ni-based alloy powder used in the additive manufacturing method. Therefore, in the following examples, alloy powders obtained by gas atomization are used.
- a second aspect of the present invention relates to a laminate-molded body obtained using the Ni-based alloy powder according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- a laminate-molded body according to the second aspect of the present invention is a modeled body obtained by a laminate-molding method using the Ni-based alloy powder according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- Additive manufacturing involves a rapid-melt-quench-solidification process.
- the rapid melting, rapid cooling and solidification process is a process of rapidly melting and rapidly solidifying the Ni-based alloy powder according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- According to the layered manufacturing method using the Ni-based alloy powder according to the first aspect of the present invention it is possible to suppress solidification cracks that may occur in the rapid melting, rapid cooling and solidification process of the layered manufacturing method, thereby producing a layered product A decrease in density and/or strength can be suppressed.
- the layered manufacturing method using the Ni-based alloy powder according to the first aspect of the present invention it is possible to obtain a layered body that exhibits high high-temperature strength while suppressing solidification cracking.
- Representative methods of the layered manufacturing method include, for example, a powder bed method (powder bed fusion bonding method), a metal deposition method (directed energy deposition method), and the like. Powder bed methods typically use laser beams or electron beams. A metal deposition method usually uses a laser beam.
- the laminate manufacturing method can be performed using, for example, a 3D printer.
- the powder material for modeling used in the additive manufacturing method is preferably composed only of the Ni-based alloy powder according to the first aspect of the present invention, but materials other than the Ni-based alloy powder according to the first aspect of the present invention may contain
- the powder material for modeling may include, for example, a powder binder (eg, resin powder) and the like.
- the laminate-molded body according to the second aspect of the present invention is preferably made of a Ni-based alloy having substantially the same composition as the Ni-based alloy powder according to the first aspect of the present invention.
- the composition of the Ni-based alloy constituting the laminate-molded body according to the second aspect of the present invention is preferably the same as the composition of the Ni-based alloy powder according to the first aspect of the present invention within the range of analytical error.
- the explanation regarding the composition of the Ni-based alloy powder according to the first aspect of the present invention also applies to the composition of the Ni-based alloy constituting the laminated structure according to the second aspect of the present invention.
- the relative density of the layered product according to the second aspect of the present invention is preferably 95% or higher, more preferably 96% or higher, even more preferably 97% or higher, even more preferably 98% or higher, and still more preferably 99%. % or more.
- the relative density of the laminate-molded body is measured as follows. Calculate the density (g/mm 3 ) of the laminate or test piece using the weight in air, the weight in water and the density of water of the test piece cut from the laminate or laminate ( Archimedes Densitometry).
- the density (g/mm 3 ) of the powder used in the production of the laminate-molded body is calculated by dry density measurement by the constant volume expansion method (gas used: helium gas, device used: micromeritics AccuPyc1330 manufactured by SHIMADZU). .
- the relative density (%) of the laminate-molded article is calculated from the density of the laminate-molded article or the density of the test piece and the density of the powder.
- Relative density of laminate model (%) Density of laminate model or test piece / Density of powder ⁇ 100
- the tensile strength of the layered product according to the second aspect of the present invention is preferably 930 MPa or higher, more preferably 940 MPa or higher, even more preferably 950 MPa or higher, and even more preferably 960 MPa or higher.
- the upper limit of the tensile strength is not particularly limited, it is, for example, 1500 MPa or less, 1400 MPa or less, 1300 MPa or less, or 1200 MPa or less. Each of these lower limits may be combined with any of the above upper limits.
- the tensile strength of the laminate-molded body is measured by the method described in Examples.
- a raw material is melted by high-frequency induction heating in an alumina crucible in a vacuum in a predetermined distribution, and the molten alloy is dropped from a nozzle with a diameter of 5 mm under the crucible. This was done by sparging with nitrogen.
- a 10 mm square block (10 mm ⁇ 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm) was produced by a metal deposition type three-dimensional additive manufacturing device and used as a test material.
- each alloy powder can also be applied to the powder bed method, it is possible to produce a layered product using the powder bed method.
- An example using a test piece prepared by the metal deposition method will be described below.
- Example no. 1 to 8 and Comparative Example No. Table 2 shows the D 50 of each alloy powder and the properties (tensile strength, number of cracks, relative density) of the laminate-molded body (test material) obtained using each alloy powder in 9 to 14. Methods for measuring D 50 , tensile strength, number of cracks and relative density will be described later.
- Test piece ( ⁇ 6 ⁇ GL30 mm) was prepared by cutting from the test material (10 mm square block). This test piece was subjected to a tensile test under an environment of 650° C. to measure the tensile strength. A tensile test was performed according to JIS G0567.
- Method for measuring D50 For the measurement of the average particle diameter D50 of each alloy powder, a cumulative curve is obtained with the total volume of the powder set to 100%. The particle diameter at the point on this curve where the cumulative volume is 50% is D50 . Particle diameter D 50 is measured by laser diffraction scattering method. As an apparatus suitable for this measurement, Nikkiso's laser diffraction/scattering particle size distribution measuring apparatus "Microtrac MT3000" can be mentioned. Powder is poured into the cell of this device together with pure water, and the particle size is detected based on the light scattering information of the particles.
- X-ray diffraction (XRD) Diffraction patterns, which are results of XRD measurement of laminate-molded bodies (test materials) obtained using the alloy powders of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, are shown in FIG. Comparing the layered structure of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1, the Laves and NbC signal intensities observed in the XRD of the layered structure are higher than those of the layered structure obtained using the alloy powder of Example 1. was weaker than the laminate-molded body obtained using the alloy powder of Comparative Example 1. This also confirms that these phases, which cause solidification cracking, are suppressed in the present invention.
- the laminate-molded body produced from the Ni-based alloy powder of the present invention has both crack resistance and high-temperature strength compared to the comparative examples, and has both crack resistance and high-temperature strength (for example, 950 MPa or more in a tensile test, etc.) showed excellent properties.
- Comparative Example 9 contained too little Nb and was inferior in high-temperature strength.
- Comparative Example 10 had an excessive amount of S and was inferior in crack resistance.
- Comparative Example 11 had an excessive amount of B and was inferior in crack resistance.
- Comparative Example 12 had an excessive amount of Al and was inferior in crack resistance.
- Comparative Example 13 had an excessive amount of Ti and was inferior in crack resistance.
- Comparative Example 14 had an excessive amount of C and was inferior in crack resistance.
- the Ni-based alloy powder of the present invention is suitable as a metal powder for additive manufacturing using a metal deposition method or a powder bed method.
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Abstract
Description
Ni:40.00~70.00%、
Cr:15.00~25.00%、
Mo:0.10~12.00%、
Nb:3.00~7.00%、
Al:0.10~1.50%、
Ti:0.10~2.00%、
Si:0.01~0.40%、
C:0.001~0.15%、
B:0.0002~0.0040%、
S:0~0.002%、
W、Coの1種以上:合計で0~7.00%、及び、
Fe及び不可避的不純物:残部
からなるNi系合金粉末であって、
以下の式:
A1=5.1[C]+0.3[Cr]+3.5[Mo]+2.9[W]+0.4[Co]+19.0[Nb]+9.4[Al]+33.0[Ti]+120.1[B]+48.8
(式中、[C]、[Cr]、[Mo]、[W]、[Co]、[Nb]、[Al]、[Ti]及び[B]は、それぞれ、前記Ni系合金粉末におけるC、Cr、Mo、W、Co、Nb、Al、Ti及びBの含有率(質量%)を表す。)
で定義されるA1の値が200以上であり、かつ、
以下の式:
A2=270.4[C]+0.5[Cr]+0.6[Mo]+0.3[W]+0.1[Co]+10.0[Nb]+30.5[Al]+15.8[Ti]+2009.1[B]+4094.3[S]+62.1
(式中、[C]、[Cr]、[Mo]、[W]、[Co]、[Nb]、[Al]、[Ti]、[B]及び[S]は、それぞれ、前記Ni系合金粉末におけるC、Cr、Mo、W、Co、Nb、Al、Ti、B及びSの含有率(質量%)を表す。)
で定義されるA2の値が200以下である、前記Ni系合金粉末に関する。
本発明の第1態様は、Ni系合金粉末に関する。以下、本発明の第1態様に係るNi系合金粉末の成分組成並びにパラメータA1及びA2の値を規定する理由を説明する。Ni系合金粉末の成分組成における「%」は、質量%を意味する。また、「A~B%」は、A%以上B%以下を意味する。
Niは、耐食性に寄与する成分である。特に、Niは、酸性環境下及び塩素イオン含有環境下における高温での耐食性に寄与する。かかる観点から、Ni系合金粉末におけるNiの含有率は40.00%以上とする。他方、オーステナイト相の安定性の観点及びCr等の他元素との相互作用の観点から、Ni系合金粉末におけるNiの含有率は70.00%以下とする。Ni系合金粉末におけるNiの含有率は、好ましくは45.00~69.00%、より好ましくは48.00~68.00%、より一層好ましくは50.00~67.00%、より一層好ましくは52.00~66.00%である。
Crは、合金の固溶体強化と、高温で使用されるときの耐酸化性の向上に寄与する元素である。Ni系合金粉末におけるCrの含有率が15.00%未満では上記効果が十分には得られない。他方、Ni系合金粉末におけるCrの含有率が25.00%を超えるとδ相が生成し、高温強度と靭性が低下する。そこで、Ni系合金粉末におけるCrの含有率は15.00~25.00%とする。Ni系合金粉末におけるCrの含有率は、好ましくは16.00~24.00%、より好ましくは17.00~24.00%、より一層好ましくは18.00~23.00%、より一層好ましくは19.00~23.00%である。
Moは、固溶体強化に寄与し強度を高めるのに有効な元素であるため、Ni系合金粉末におけるMoの含有率は0.10%以上とする。もっとも、Moが多すぎると、μ相又はσ相の生成を助長し、造形体の靭性を損ない、脆化の一因となるため、Ni系合金粉末におけるMoの含有率は12.00%以下とする。Ni系合金粉末におけるMoの含有率は、好ましくは1.00~11.50%、より好ましくは2.00~11.00%、より一層好ましくは3.00~10.50%である。
Nbは、炭化物を形成するとともにγ''相を形成し強度を向上させる成分であることから、Ni系合金粉末におけるNbの含有率は3.00%以上とする。しかし、Nbが多すぎるとLaves相の生成量が増え、γ/Laves共晶を生成して、割れやすくなるため、Ni系合金粉末におけるNbの含有率は7.00%以下とする。
Alは、γ’相(ガンマプライム相)を形成し、クリープ破断強さと耐酸化性を向上させる元素であることから、Ni系合金粉末におけるAlの含有率は0.10%以上とする。もっとも、Ni系合金粉末におけるAlの含有率が1.50%を超えると、高温割れが発生しやすくなり、積層造形時に割れが発生しやすくなるため、Ni系合金粉末におけるAlの含有率は1.50%以下とする。Ni系合金粉末におけるAlの含有率は、好ましくは0.20%~1.40%である。
Tiは、Alと同様にγ’相を形成し、クリープ破断強さと耐酸化性を向上させる元素であることから、Ni系合金粉末におけるTiの含有率は0.10%以上とする。もっとも、Ni系合金粉末におけるTiの含有率が2.00%を超えると、高温割れが発生しやすくなり、積層造形時に割れが発生しやすくなるため、Ni系合金粉末におけるTiの含有率は2.00%以下とする。Ni系合金粉末におけるTiの含有率は、好ましくは0.20~1.90%、より好ましくは0.30~1.80%である。
Siは、溶解時の脱酸材として働くとともに、高温での耐酸化性を付与する元素であることから、Ni系合金粉末におけるSiの含有率は0.01%以上とする。他方、Siを多量に添加しすぎると高温での耐酸化性が劣化するため、Ni系合金粉末におけるSiの含有率は0.40%以下とする。Ni系合金粉末におけるSiの含有率は、好ましくは0.05~0.40%である。
Cは、Nb、Ti等とMC型炭化物を形成するほか、Cr、Mo、W等とM6C、M7C3、M23C6等の炭化物を形成し、合金の高温強さを高める効果がある元素である。そこで、Ni系合金粉末におけるCの含有率は0.001%以上とする。もっとも、Cを過剰に含有すると、γ/NbCの共晶を生成し割れやすくなるため、Ni系合金粉末におけるCの含有率は0.15%以下とする。Ni系合金粉末におけるCの含有率は、好ましくは0.01~0.14%、より好ましくは0.02~0.14%、より一層好ましくは0.03~0.13%、より一層好ましくは0.04~0.12%である。
Bは、粒界を強化して強度を向上させる効果がある成分である。そこで、Ni系合金粉末におけるBの含有率は0.0002%以上とする。もっとも、Bが多すぎると溶接の最終凝固部においてNbの化合物(Laves又はNbC)の濃化を助長するため、Ni系合金粉末におけるBの含有率は0.0040%以下とする。Ni系合金粉末におけるBの含有率は、好ましくは0.0003~0.0035%、より好ましくは0.0004~0.0030%である。
Sは、凝固時に低融点の液相を生じることにより、急速溶融急冷凝固プロセスにおける焼結時に割れを助長する。そこで、Ni系合金粉末におけるSの含有率は0.002%以下とする。凝固時に低融点の液相を生じ凝固割れを発生しやすいSの含有率を0.002%以下とすることによって、凝固割れを抑制することができる。Ni系合金粉末におけるSの含有率は0%であってもよいし、0%超であってもよい。Sの含有率が0%超である場合、Sの含有率は、例えば0.001%以上である。
Ni系合金粉末には、W若しくはCoのいずれか1種又はWとCoの双方を含有させることができる。
Wは、固溶強化に寄与するが、過剰のWは、成形体の靱性及び強度を損なう。
Coは、γ’相のNi固溶体に対する溶解度を高める。したがって、Coは、積層造形体の高温延性及び高温強度を高めることができる成分である。もっとも、過剰のCoは、成形体の靱性及び強度を損なう。
そこで、靱性及び強度の観点から、Ni系合金粉末におけるWとCoの合計含有率は7.00%以下とする。Ni系合金粉末におけるWとCoの合計含有率は、好ましくは6.90%以下、より好ましくは6.80%以下、より一層好ましくは6.70%以下、より一層好ましくは6.60%以下である。WとCoの合計含有率は、0%であってもよいし、0%超であってもよい。WとCoの合計含有率が0%超である場合、WとCoの含有率は、例えば1.00%以上である。
本発明の第1態様に係るNi系合金粉末の残部はFe及び不可避不純物である。Feは、Niの代替によりコスト低減に有効な元素のため、本発明の第1態様に係るNi系合金粉末の残部をFe及び不可避不純物とする。
本発明の第1態様に係るNi系合金粉末は、A1とA2の双方の値が本発明の範囲を満足することにより、高温強度と耐割れを両立させることができる。片方だけを満足するだけでは、高温強度又は耐割れ性の一方を満足しない等、両立が困難なものが含まれることとなるため、A1とA2の双方の値が規定値を満足するものとする。なお、A1とA2の値の意味合いは次のとおりである。
A1の値は、以下の式:
A1=5.1[C]+0.3[Cr]+3.5[Mo]+2.9[W]+0.4[Co]+19.0[Nb]+9.4[Al]+33.0[Ti]+120.1[B]+48.8
(式中、[C]、[Cr]、[Mo]、[W]、[Co]、[Nb]、[Al]、[Ti]及び[B]は、それぞれ、本発明の第1態様に係るNi系合金粉末におけるC、Cr、Mo、W、Co、Nb、Al、Ti及びBの含有量(質量%)を表す。)
で定義される。
A2の値は、
A2=270.4[C]+0.5[Cr]+0.6[Mo]+0.3[W]+0.1[Co]+10.0[Nb]+30.5[Al]+15.8[Ti]+2009.1[B]+4094.3[S]+62.1
(式中、[C]、[Cr]、[Mo]、[W]、[Co]、[Nb]、[Al]、[Ti]、[B]及び[S]は、それぞれ、本発明の第1態様に係るNi系合金粉末におけるC、Cr、Mo、W、Co、Nb、Al、Ti、B及びSの含有量(質量%)を表す。)
で定義される。
Ni系合金粉末の製造方法としては、水アトマイズ法、単ロール急冷法、双ロール急冷法、ガスアトマイズ法、ディスクアトマイズ法及び遠心アトマイズ法が例示される。これらのうち、Ni系合金粉末の好ましい製造方法は、単ロール冷却法、ガスアトマイズ法及びディスクアトマイズ法である。また、Ni系合金粉末の作製のために、メカニカルミリング等により粉砕して粉体を得ることもできる。ミリング方法としては、ボールミル法、ビーズミル法、遊星ボールミル法、アトライタ法及び振動ボールミル法が例示される。
本発明の第2態様は、本発明の第1態様に係るNi系合金粉末を用いて得られた積層造形体に関する。
積層造形体の相対密度(%)=積層造形体又は試験片の密度/粉末の密度×100
供試材(10mm角のブロック)を造形方向に対して平行に切断した試験片について、光学顕微鏡を用いて、ブロック断面を×100で5視野撮影し、得られた5画像中の割れの数を画像解析により算出した。5画像中の割れの平均値を割れ数とした。
アルキメデス密度測定法により、供試材(10mm角のブロック)の密度(g/mm3)を算出した。アルキメデス密度測定法では、供試材の空中での重量を、供試材の体積(=供試材の水中での重量/計測温度における水の密度)で除すことにより、供試材の密度を算出した。一方、定容積膨張法による乾式密度測定(使用ガス:ヘリウムガス,使用装置:SHIMADZU製のmicromeritics AccuPyc1330)にて、合金粉末の密度(g/mm3)を算出した。供試材の密度及び合金粉末の密度から、下記式に基づいて、供試材の相対密度(%)を算出した。
供試材の相対密度(%)=供試材の密度/合金粉末の密度×100
供試材(10mm角のブロック)から、切削にてJIS G0567 I-6型試験片(φ6×GL30mm)を作製した。この試験片を、650℃の環境下で引張試験に供し、引張強度を測定した。引張試験は、JIS G0567に従って行った。
各合金粉末の平均粒子径D50の測定は、粉末の全体積が100%とされて、累積カーブが求められる。このカーブ上の、累積体積が50%である点の粒子径が、D50である。粒子直径D50は、レーザー回折散乱法によって測定される。この測定に適した装置として、日機装社のレーザー回折・散乱式粒子径分布測定装置「マイクロトラックMT3000」が挙げられる。この装置のセル内に、粉末が純水と共に流し込まれ、粒子の光散乱情報に基づいて、粒子径が検出される。
実施例1及び比較例1の各合金粉末を用いて得られた積層造形体(供試材)のXRDの測定結果である回折パターンを図1に示す。実施例1と比較例1の積層造形体を比較すると、積層造形体のXRDにおいて観測されているLaves及びNbCの信号強度は、実施例1の合金粉末を用いて得られた積層造形体の方が、比較例1の合金粉末を用いて得られた積層造形体よりも、弱くなっていることがわかった。このことからも、凝固割れの原因となるこれらの相が本発明では抑制されていることが確認された。
比較例10は、Sが過多であり、耐割れ性が劣るものとなった。
比較例11は、Bが過多であり、耐割れ性が劣るものとなった。
比較例12は、Alが過多であり、耐割れ性が劣るものとなった。
比較例13は、Tiが過多であり、耐割れ性が劣るものとなった。
比較例14は、Cが過多であり、耐割れ性が劣るものとなった。
Claims (2)
- 質量%で、
Ni:40.00~70.00%、
Cr:15.00~25.00%、
Mo:0.10~12.00%、
Nb:3.00~7.00%、
Al:0.10~1.50%、
Ti:0.10~2.00%、
Si:0.01~0.40%、
C:0.001~0.15%、
B:0.0002~0.0040%、
S:0~0.002%、
W、Coの1種以上:合計で0~7.00%、及び、
Fe及び不可避的不純物:残部
からなるNi系合金粉末であって、
以下の式:
A1=5.1[C]+0.3[Cr]+3.5[Mo]+2.9[W]+0.4[Co]+19.0[Nb]+9.4[Al]+33.0[Ti]+120.1[B]+48.8
(式中、[C]、[Cr]、[Mo]、[W]、[Co]、[Nb]、[Al]、[Ti]及び[B]は、それぞれ、前記Ni系合金粉末におけるC、Cr、Mo、W、Co、Nb、Al、Ti及びBの含有率(質量%)を表す。)
で定義されるA1の値が200以上であり、かつ、
以下の式:
A2=270.4[C]+0.5[Cr]+0.6[Mo]+0.3[W]+0.1[Co]+10.0[Nb]+30.5[Al]+15.8[Ti]+2009.1[B]+4094.3[S]+62.1
(式中、[C]、[Cr]、[Mo]、[W]、[Co]、[Nb]、[Al]、[Ti]、[B]及び[S]は、それぞれ、前記Ni系合金粉末におけるC、Cr、Mo、W、Co、Nb、Al、Ti、B及びSの含有率(質量%)を表す。)
で定義されるA2の値が200以下である、前記Ni系合金粉末。 - 請求項1に記載のNi系合金粉末を用いて得られた積層造形体。
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- 2022-10-24 WO PCT/JP2022/039500 patent/WO2023074613A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2022-10-24 US US18/704,393 patent/US20240392415A1/en active Pending
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW202328465A (zh) | 2023-07-16 |
| EP4424858A4 (en) | 2026-04-01 |
| EP4424858A1 (en) | 2024-09-04 |
| US20240392415A1 (en) | 2024-11-28 |
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