WO2023089805A1 - 電動機制御装置、電動機制御システム、及び電動機の制御方法 - Google Patents
電動機制御装置、電動機制御システム、及び電動機の制御方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023089805A1 WO2023089805A1 PCT/JP2021/042728 JP2021042728W WO2023089805A1 WO 2023089805 A1 WO2023089805 A1 WO 2023089805A1 JP 2021042728 W JP2021042728 W JP 2021042728W WO 2023089805 A1 WO2023089805 A1 WO 2023089805A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M7/00—Conversion of AC power input into DC power output; Conversion of DC power input into AC power output
- H02M7/42—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal
- H02M7/44—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters
- H02M7/48—Conversion of DC power input into AC power output without possibility of reversal by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P29/00—Arrangements for regulating or controlling electric motors, appropriate for both AC and DC motors
- H02P29/50—Reduction of harmonics
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/0003—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control
- H02P21/0014—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control using neural networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/0003—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control
- H02P21/0021—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control using different modes of control depending on a parameter, e.g. the speed
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/0003—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control
- H02P21/0025—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control implementing a off line learning phase to determine and store useful data for on-line control
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/05—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation specially adapted for damping motor oscillations, e.g. for reducing hunting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P23/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by a control method other than vector control
- H02P23/0004—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control
- H02P23/0018—Control strategies in general, e.g. linear type, e.g. P, PI, PID, using robust control using neural networks
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P27/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage
- H02P27/04—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage
- H02P27/06—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters
- H02P27/08—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters with pulse width modulation
- H02P27/085—Arrangements or methods for the control of AC motors characterised by the kind of supply voltage using variable-frequency supply voltage, e.g. inverter or converter supply voltage using DC to AC converters or inverters with pulse width modulation wherein the PWM mode is adapted on the running conditions of the motor, e.g. the switching frequency
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P21/00—Arrangements or methods for the control of electric machines by vector control, e.g. by control of field orientation
- H02P21/13—Observer control, e.g. using Luenberger observers or Kalman filters
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
- H02P2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to controlling arrangements characterised by the waveform of the supplied voltage or current
- H02P2209/13—Different type of waveforms depending on the mode of operation
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to an electric motor control device that controls an electric motor, an electric motor control system, and an electric motor control method.
- a motor control device that controls a motor operated by electric power supplied from a power source and converted using a power conversion device having an inverter.
- the device on which the electric motor is mounted is a compressor
- the failure of the compressor is caused by, for example, deterioration or breakage of the inverter, the bearings of the compressor, and the electric motor.
- Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2002-200000 discloses a system that operates a compressor when the air conditioner is not in operation and diagnoses whether or not the compressor is faulty.
- the failure diagnosis device of Patent Document 1 diagnoses whether or not there is a failure in the compressor when the air conditioner is not in operation.
- the failure diagnosis device of Patent Literature 1 is for performing planned maintenance and inspection of the compressor.
- the occurrence of unforeseen downtime for users requires unscheduled repair arrangements and the like. For this reason, unplanned downtime for users can be longer than predictable downtime such as planned maintenance. Therefore, in order to improve the overall operating rate of a device equipped with an electric motor, it is necessary to prevent unexpected downtime for the user.
- the present disclosure has been made to solve the above-described problems, and includes a motor control device, a motor control system, and a motor that suppress unexpected downtime for a user in a device equipped with a motor. It is intended to provide a control method for
- a motor control device is a motor control device that controls a motor operated by electric power supplied from a power supply and converted using a power conversion device having an inverter, and is a device equipped with the motor or an inverter
- a deterioration estimating unit that calculates an estimated degree of deterioration by estimating the degree of deterioration of the motor, compares the estimated degree of deterioration with a predetermined reference degree of deterioration, and determines the operation mode of the motor when the estimated degree of deterioration is less than the reference degree of deterioration.
- the estimated deterioration degree is equal to or higher than the reference deterioration degree, set to normal operation, and set to low-noise pulse operation when the estimated deterioration degree is equal to or higher than the reference deterioration degree.
- Noise pulse operation reduces switching loss more than normal operation.
- the motor control device of the present disclosure performs low-noise pulse operation that reduces switching loss compared to normal operation. Therefore, progress of deterioration of the inverter and the electric motor is suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of unexpected downtime for the user before the planned maintenance timing of the equipment in which the electric motor is mounted.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a compressor, a power supply, and a power conversion device according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 1 is a circuit diagram showing an inverter according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a compressor according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the arrangement relationship between the main shaft and main bearings according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the arrangement relationship between the main shaft and main bearings according to Embodiment 1;
- 3 is a functional block diagram showing a control unit according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining a method of generating a carrier mode according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the operation of a correction amount calculator according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an estimated degree of deterioration of the compressor according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the degree of unbalance of three-phase currents according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a notification screen according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining an output voltage in normal operation according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram for explaining the output voltage of low-noise pulse operation according to Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 11 is a spectrum diagram showing frequency characteristics of a current output to a motor with advanced deterioration according to Embodiment 3; 10 is a flow chart showing operations of a learning unit and a state observing unit according to Embodiment 3;
- FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a compressor, a power supply, and a power conversion device according to Embodiment 4;
- FIG. 11 is a spectrum diagram showing frequency characteristics of a current output to a motor with advanced deterioration according to Embodiment 4;
- 13 is a flow chart showing the operation of a driving determination unit according to Embodiment 4;
- FIG. 11 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a compressor, a power supply, and a power conversion device according to Embodiment 5;
- FIG. 2 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a compressor, a power supply, and a power conversion device according to a modification of Embodiment 1;
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a compressor 2, a power supply 3, and a power conversion device 4 according to Embodiment 1.
- the compressor 2 has an electric motor 21 and an electric motor control device 1 that controls the electric motor 21 .
- the compressor 2 rotates the electric motor 21 using power supplied from the power supply 3 and converted by the power conversion device 4, thereby compressing a fluid such as a refrigerant used in a refrigeration cycle device such as an air conditioner. It is something to do.
- a fluid such as a refrigerant used in a refrigeration cycle device such as an air conditioner.
- the electric motor 21 may be mounted on another device, and the compressor 2 may be applied to another device.
- the power supply 3 is, for example, a commercial three-phase AC power supply having U-phase, V-phase, and W-phase.
- the electric motor 21 is, for example, a three-phase permanent magnet type synchronous motor having a U-phase, a V-phase, and a W-phase.
- a power converter 4 is connected to a power source 3 and a motor 21 as a load.
- the power conversion device 4 has a rectifier circuit 41, an electrolytic capacitor 42, and an inverter 43.
- Power supply 3 , rectifier circuit 41 , electrolytic capacitor 42 , inverter 43 , and electric motor 21 are connected by wiring 44 .
- Rectifier circuit 41 converts the three-phase AC power from power supply 3 into DC power.
- Electrolytic capacitor 42 smoothes the DC power from rectifier circuit 41 .
- the inverter 43 converts the DC power from the rectifier circuit 41 into three-phase AC power and outputs the three-phase AC power to the compressor 2 .
- a current sensor 5 is provided in the power conversion device 4 .
- the current sensor 5 is provided on the wiring 44a.
- the wiring 44 a is a part of the wiring 44 that is in the middle from the inverter 43 to the electric motor 21 .
- the current sensor 5 detects two phase currents of the three-phase alternating current flowing from the inverter 43 to the compressor 2 .
- the current Iu flowing through the U phase and the current Iv flowing through the V phase are detected.
- the U-phase current Iu and the V-phase current Iv may be collectively referred to as the current Iuv.
- Current sensor 5 transmits the detected current Iuv to motor control device 1 .
- the motor control device 1 executes a control method for the motor 21 by adjusting the switching pattern of the gate pulse GP output to the inverter 43 .
- a switching pattern is a combination of switching states for one cycle of voltage command values.
- the voltage command value is a signal that commands the output voltage of inverter 43 .
- the motor control device 1 generates a gate pulse GP for each cycle of the voltage command value.
- the motor control device 1 is composed of dedicated hardware or a CPU (Central Processing Unit) that executes a storage unit 180 and a program stored in the storage unit 180 . If the motor control device 1 is dedicated hardware, the motor control device 1 is made up of, for example, ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array).
- ASIC Application Specific Integrated Circuit
- FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Array
- the motor control device 1 When the motor control device 1 is composed of the storage unit 180 and a CPU, each function executed by the motor control device 1 is realized by software, firmware, or a combination of software and firmware. Software and firmware are written as programs and stored in the storage unit 180 .
- the storage unit 180 is, for example, a non-volatile or volatile semiconductor memory such as RAM, ROM, flash memory, EPROM, EEPROM.
- the motor control device 1 has a control section 130 , a deterioration estimation section 150 , a deterioration notification section 160 and an operation determination section 170 . Descriptions of the control unit 130, the deterioration estimation unit 150, the deterioration notification unit 160, and the driving determination unit 170 will be given later. Note that the motor control device 1 only needs to have at least the control unit 130, and the deterioration estimation unit 150, the deterioration notification unit 160, and the operation determination unit 170 may be implemented in other hardware or the like. good.
- FIG. 2 is a circuit diagram showing inverter 43 according to the first embodiment.
- the inverter 43 includes a pair of upper and lower switching elements 43a installed corresponding to each phase, and six backflow prevention elements 43b provided in parallel to each switching element 43a. have.
- Inverter 43 supplies electric power obtained by converting DC voltage into three-phase AC voltage to electric motor 21 of compressor 2 according to gate pulse GP generated from control unit 130 .
- Wide bandgap semiconductors such as silicon carbide (SiC), gallium nitride (GaN), and diamond may be used as substrate materials for the switching element 43a and the backflow prevention element 43b.
- the switching element 43a and the backflow prevention element 43b using a wide bandgap semiconductor have both high withstand voltage and high allowable current, and can be miniaturized.
- the semiconductor module incorporating these elements can be miniaturized.
- the switching element 43a and the backflow prevention element 43b using a wide bandgap semiconductor have high heat resistance, and a cooling mechanism (not shown) required for heat dissipation of the inverter 43 can be miniaturized.
- the cooling mechanism is, for example, a radiation fin, a water cooling mechanism, an air cooling mechanism, or the like.
- the cooling system can be simplified, and the semiconductor module incorporating the switching element 43a and the backflow prevention element 43b can be further miniaturized.
- the switching element 43a and the backflow prevention element 43b using a wide bandgap semiconductor have low power loss and improve power conversion efficiency. Therefore, the compressor 2 can be driven with high conversion efficiency.
- both the switching element 43a and the backflow prevention element 43b are formed using a wide bandgap semiconductor
- either element may be formed using a wide bandgap semiconductor.
- both elements may be formed using materials other than wide bandgap semiconductors. Silicon (Si), which is also commonly used, is adopted as a material other than wide bandgap semiconductors.
- the switching element 43a of the inverter 43 When the switching element 43a of the inverter 43 is deteriorated, the electric power supplied from the inverter 43 to the electric motor 21 is unstable. Therefore, if the compressor 2 continues to be driven while the switching element 43a of the inverter 43 is degraded, the rotation of the electric motor 21 may become unstable and the compressor 2 may fail. Therefore, deterioration of the switching element 43a of the inverter 43 causes unexpected downtime for the user.
- FIG. 3 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the compressor 2 according to Embodiment 1. As shown in FIG. FIG. 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the compressor 2 cut in the vertical direction. As shown in FIG. 3 , the compressor 2 has an electric motor 21 , a suction pipe 22 , a main shaft 23 , an oil pump 24 , an auxiliary bearing 25 , a main bearing 26 , a compression mechanism 27 and a discharge pipe 28 .
- the compressor 2 is connected to a condenser (not shown), an expansion valve (not shown), an evaporator (not shown) and the like through refrigerant pipes (not shown).
- the electric motor 21 is connected to the three-phase AC wiring 44a (see FIG. 1) and driven according to the voltage applied from the inverter 43.
- the electric motor 21 deteriorates, the rotation of the electric motor 21 is not stable, which may lead to the failure of the compressor 2 . For this reason, deterioration of the electric motor 21 causes unexpected downtime for the user.
- the suction pipe 22 is a pipe for drawing low-temperature, low-pressure refrigerant into the compressor 2 .
- the main shaft 23 is connected to the electric motor 21 and transmits rotational energy to the compression mechanism 27 .
- the oil pump 24 supplies lubricating oil L accumulated at the bottom of the compressor 2 to the main shaft 23 and the sub-bearing 25 to lubricate the main shaft 23 and the sub-bearing 25 .
- a liquid level sensor capable of detecting the height of the oil level of the lubricating oil L may be attached and the amount of the lubricating oil L may be measured.
- the sub-bearing 25 rotatably supports the lower portion of the main shaft 23 .
- the main bearing 26 rotatably supports the upper portion of the main shaft 23 .
- the compression mechanism 27 compresses the refrigerant supplied from the suction pipe 22 and delivers it to the discharge pipe 28 .
- the discharge pipe 28 is a pipe for discharging the high-temperature and high-pressure refrigerant compressed by the compression mechanism 27 to the outside of the compressor 2 .
- the compressor 2 has a pressure sensor 71, a flow sensor 72, a temperature sensor 73, and a humidity sensor 74.
- the pressure sensor 71 is attached inside the compressor 2 and measures the pressure of the refrigerant inside the compressor 2 .
- the flow rate sensor 72 is attached to the suction pipe 22 and measures the flow rate of refrigerant flowing through the pipe.
- the temperature sensor 73 is provided outside the housing of the compressor 2 and measures the temperature around the compressor 2 .
- the humidity sensor 74 is provided outside the housing of the compressor 2 and measures the humidity around the compressor 2 .
- a sensor for measuring the pressure, temperature, or humidity of the refrigerant flowing through the suction pipe 22 or the discharge pipe 28 may be attached.
- Measurement information indicating physical quantities such as refrigerant pressure, refrigerant flow rate, ambient temperature, and ambient humidity measured by the pressure sensor 71, the flow rate sensor 72, the temperature sensor 73, and the humidity sensor 74 is sent to an air conditioner control device (not shown). ), etc., and used to control each device of the air conditioner.
- FIG. 4 and 5 are diagrams for explaining the arrangement relationship between the main shaft 23 and the main bearing 26 according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view of the main shaft 23 and the main bearing 26 when the compressor 2 is cut in a direction perpendicular to the central axis of the main shaft 23 .
- FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional view when the main shaft 23 and the main bearing 26 are kept lubricated and the compressor 2 is normally driven.
- FIG. 5 also shows a cross-sectional view when the main shaft 23 and the main bearing 26 are not lubricated and the compressor 2 is abnormally driven.
- Control unit 130 outputs gate pulse GP to inverter 43 based on current Iuv, speed command value ⁇ _ref, and operation mode switching signal O_s.
- a current Iuv is a current detected by the current sensor 5 and flowing through the wiring 44a.
- the speed command value ⁇ _ref is a command value for the rotation speed of the electric motor 21 according to the load state of the compressor 2 .
- the speed command value ⁇ _ref is obtained comprehensively based on the operating state of the compressor 2 in the air conditioner, an operation instruction from the user, or the like.
- the operation mode switching signal O_s is received from the operation determination unit 170 , is a signal indicating either “ON” or “OFF”, and indicates the type of operation mode of the electric motor 21 .
- the operation modes of the electric motor 21 include normal operation and low-noise pulse operation. "OFF" of the operation mode switching signal O_s indicates normal operation, and “ON” of the operation mode switching signal O_s indicates low noise pulse operation.
- Normal operation is an operation in which asynchronous PWM control is performed in which the frequency of the carrier signal and the frequency of the output voltage of the inverter 43 are not synchronized.
- the low-noise pulse operation is an operation that performs synchronous PWM control in which the frequency of the carrier signal in PWM control is an integral multiple of the frequency of the output voltage of inverter 43 .
- the frequency of the carrier signal in PWM control may be simply described as “carrier frequency”.
- control unit 130 causes the electric motor 21 to perform either normal operation or low-noise pulse operation based on the operation mode set by the operation determination unit 170 . How the driving determination unit 170 determines whether the driving mode switching signal O_s is "ON” or "OFF” will be described later.
- FIG. 6 is a functional block diagram showing control unit 130 according to the first embodiment.
- the control section 130 has a vector control section 131 , a synchronization pattern selection section 132 , a voltage phase calculation section 133 , a correction amount calculation section 134 , a carrier wave generation section 135 and a gate pulse generation section 136 .
- the vector control unit 131 performs vector control, which is a known technique, based on the speed command value ⁇ _ref and the current Iuv of two phases of the three-phase alternating current. It outputs the reference voltage phase ⁇ v with control delay correction.
- the control delay correction is a process for adjusting the timing between the speed command value and the feedback detection value. The value obtained is ⁇ v.
- the synchronization pattern selector 132 generates a carrier mode ptn based on the speed command value ⁇ _ref, and transmits the carrier mode ptn to the correction amount calculator 134 and the carrier wave generator 135 .
- the carrier mode ptn indicates a pattern of PWM control related to motor control. Specifically, the carrier mode ptn has two patterns depending on the carrier frequency generated by the carrier wave generator 135, that is, whether the operation mode is asynchronous PWM control or synchronous PWM control.
- the first pattern is carrier mode ptn, which indicates asynchronous PWM control in which the carrier frequency is set independently of the frequency of the output voltage of inverter 43 .
- asynchronous PWM control is used in normal operation, so the carrier mode ptn of the first pattern is generated when the electric motor 21 is caused to perform normal operation.
- the second pattern is a carrier mode ptn that indicates synchronous PWM control in which the carrier frequency is set to be an integral multiple of the frequency of the output voltage of the inverter 43 .
- synchronous PWM control is used in low-noise pulse operation, so the carrier mode ptn of the second pattern is generated when the electric motor 21 is caused to perform low-noise pulse operation.
- a plurality of synchronous patterns such as a synchronous 9-pulse mode in which the carrier frequency is 9 times the frequency of the output voltage of the inverter 43 and a synchronous 3-pulse mode in which the carrier frequency is 3 times the frequency of the output voltage are used.
- the synchronous 9-pulse mode may be simply referred to as "synchronous 9-pulse”
- the synchronous 3-pulse mode may be simply referred to as "synchronous 3-pulse”.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram for explaining a method of generating the carrier mode ptn.
- a method of generating the carrier mode ptn by the synchronization pattern selector 132 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the synchronization pattern selector 132 compares the speed for driving the electric motor 21, that is, the speed command value ⁇ _ref, and the switching speeds ⁇ _ref1 [rps] and ⁇ _ref2 [rps] to determine the carrier mode ptn. do.
- the switching speeds ⁇ _ref1[rps] and ⁇ _ref2[rps] are preset thresholds.
- the synchronization pattern selection unit 132 generates a carrier mode ptn corresponding to the synchronization mode within a range of switching speed ⁇ _ref1 or higher. In addition, the synchronization pattern selection unit 132 generates the carrier mode ptn such that the frequency ratio between the carrier signal and the output voltage of the inverter 43 gradually decreases as the speed command value ⁇ _ref increases.
- the synchronization pattern selection unit 132 generates the carrier mode ptn as follows.
- the speed command value ⁇ _ref is greater than or equal to 0 [rps] and less than ⁇ _ref1 [rps]
- the synchronous pattern selector 132 generates 0 indicating the asynchronous mode as the carrier mode ptn.
- the speed command value ⁇ _ref is greater than or equal to ⁇ _ref1 [rps] and less than ⁇ _ref2 [rps]
- the synchronous pattern selector 132 generates 9 indicating synchronous 9 pulses in the synchronous mode as the carrier mode ptn.
- the synchronous pattern selector 132 generates 3 indicating the synchronous 3 pulses of the synchronous mode as the carrier mode ptn. Therefore, the carrier mode ptn is 0 in asynchronous mode and either 3 or 9 in synchronous mode.
- the synchronization pattern selector 132 transmits the carrier mode ptn to the correction amount calculator 134 and the carrier wave generator 135 each time the carrier mode ptn is switched.
- the voltage phase calculator 133 uses the dq-axis voltage command value Vdq_ref received from the vector controller 131 and the reference voltage phase ⁇ v to calculate the phase-adjusted voltage phase ⁇ v2.
- the voltage phase ⁇ v2 is, for example, a phase advanced by 90 [deg] with respect to the reference voltage phase ⁇ v.
- Voltage phase calculator 133 transmits voltage phase ⁇ v2 to correction amount calculator 134 .
- the voltage phase calculator 133 also uses the voltage phase ⁇ v2 to convert the dq-axis voltage command value Vdq_ref into three-phase coordinates to calculate the three-phase voltage command value Vuvw_ref. Voltage phase calculator 133 transmits three-phase voltage command value Vuvw_ref to gate pulse generator 136 .
- the correction amount calculation unit 134 calculates the carrier period correction amount ⁇ tc based on the voltage phase ⁇ v2 received from the voltage phase calculation unit 133 and the carrier mode ptn received from the synchronization pattern selection unit 132 .
- the carrier cycle correction amount ⁇ tc is for correcting the difference between the voltage phase ⁇ v2 and the phase command value ⁇ v2_ref corresponding to the carrier mode ptn.
- the correction amount calculator 134 transmits the calculated carrier cycle correction amount ⁇ tc to the carrier wave generator 135 .
- a difference may occur between the phase command ⁇ v2_ref and the voltage phase ⁇ v2.
- the correction amount calculation unit 134 performs the following processing to quickly eliminate the difference. First, for example, using the following equation (1), a phase difference value ⁇ P corresponding to the difference between the phase command ⁇ v2_ref and the voltage phase ⁇ v2 is calculated.
- the correction amount calculation unit 134 calculates the carrier cycle correction amount ⁇ tc using, for example, the following formula (2).
- GAIN is the carrier period gain.
- the correction amount calculator 134 multiplies the phase difference value by GAIN to convert it into a period difference amount.
- the carrier period gain GAIN may be set to a fixed value or a variable value as long as the phase difference value ⁇ P converges in the entire operating region. For example, when the carrier periodic gain GAIN is set to a variable value, the carrier periodic gain GAIN may be adjusted according to the speed command value ⁇ _ref.
- the correction amount calculator 134 also transmits the carrier cycle correction amount ⁇ tc to the carrier wave generator 135 .
- FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing the operation of the correction amount calculator 134 according to the first embodiment.
- the correction amount calculator 134 generates a phase command value ⁇ v2_ref (step S1).
- the correction amount calculator 134 calculates the phase difference value ⁇ P (step S2).
- the correction amount calculator 134 calculates the carrier period correction amount ⁇ tc (step S3).
- the carrier wave generator 135 generates the carrier wave Carrier based on the carrier mode ptn received from the synchronization pattern selector 132, the carrier cycle correction amount ⁇ tc received from the correction amount calculator 134, and the speed command value ⁇ _ref. Specifically, the carrier wave generation unit 135 calculates the carrier period tc by Equation (3).
- the carrier wave generation unit 135 outputs the carrier wave Carrier based on the carrier period tc such that the carrier period correction amount ⁇ tc converges to zero.
- the frequency of the carrier wave Carrier output by the carrier wave generation unit 135 quickly converges to the accurate frequency ptn ⁇ _ref of the synchronization pulse after the carrier mode is switched.
- the carrier wave generator 135 transmits the carrier wave Carrier to the gate pulse generator 136 . Further, when the carrier mode ptn is 0 indicating the asynchronous mode, the carrier wave generator 135 transmits the fixed carrier frequency Carrier to the gate pulse generator 136 .
- the gate pulse generator 136 compares the three-phase voltage command value Vuvw_ref received from the voltage phase calculator 133 and the carrier wave Carrier received from the carrier wave generator 135, and outputs the gate pulse GP.
- the gate pulse generation unit 136 compares either the fixed carrier frequency during normal operation or the carrier frequency during low-noise pulse operation according to the operation mode switching signal O_s received from the operation determination unit 170. do. Specifically, when the operation mode switching signal O_s is "OFF", the gate pulse generator 136 outputs the gate pulse GP with the carrier frequency Carrier, which is fixed during normal operation, as a comparison target. At this time, the electric motor 21 operates normally.
- the gate pulse generation unit 136 outputs the gate pulse GP with the carrier frequency Carrier during the low noise pulse operation as a comparison target. At this time, the electric motor 21 performs low-noise pulse operation.
- the deterioration estimator 150 estimates deterioration of the inverter 43, the main bearing 26 of the compressor 2, and the electric motor 21, which are factors of failure of the compressor 2, based on the two-phase current Iuv of the three-phase alternating current. An estimated deterioration degree W_est indicating the degree of is obtained.
- the inverter 43, the main bearing 26 of the compressor 2, and the electric motor 21, which are factors of the failure of the compressor 2 are called estimation targets.
- any one or two of the inverter 43, the main bearing 26 of the compressor 2, and the electric motor 21 may be the estimation target.
- the deterioration estimator 150 obtains the estimated deterioration degree W_est by analyzing the intensity of the sideband wave appearing in the current Iuv.
- the estimated deterioration level W_est may be calculated by calculating the estimated deterioration level W_est for each type of the estimation target and calculating the highest estimated deterioration level W_est.
- the deterioration estimation unit 150 may calculate the estimated deterioration degree W_est based on the degree of unbalance of the three-phase current Iuvw.
- the unbalanced degree of the three-phase current Iuvw is calculated based on the U-phase and V-phase currents Iuv and the W-phase current Iw obtained using Equation (4).
- deterioration estimating section 150 may perform frequency domain transformation on the three-phase current and calculate estimated deterioration degree W_est based on the value after transformation.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram for explaining the unbalanced degree of the three-phase current Iuvw according to the first embodiment.
- the rotor core 21a is rotated by being attracted to the stator core 21b by the magnetic attraction force in the electric motor 21, and the gap between the inner periphery of the stator core 21b and the rotor core 21a is closed. becomes uneven.
- the dashed line indicates the movable range of the rotor core 21a of the electric motor 21 when the main bearing 26 deteriorates. Due to this non-uniformity of the gap, the balance of the impedance of the motor 21 is lost, and the impedance is different in each phase. Therefore, the current waveform becomes a current waveform containing an unbalanced component.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram for explaining the estimated deterioration degree W_est and the reference deterioration degree x of the compressor 2 according to Embodiment 1.
- the horizontal axis represents time
- the vertical axis represents the estimated deterioration degree W_est of the inverter 43 and the compressor 2 .
- the estimated deterioration degree W_est gradually increases over time. The larger the estimated deterioration degree W_est, the more deteriorated the estimation target.
- the reference degree of deterioration x is determined in advance by experiments or the like so that the time until the compressor fails when the object to be estimated reaches the reference degree of deterioration x is a predetermined amount of time.
- the predetermined time is, for example, a time that is considered sufficient for the user to arrange for repair or the like.
- the deterioration notification unit 160 causes the user terminal 200 to display a notification screen indicating that deterioration has occurred in the equipment in which the electric motor 21 is mounted, according to the estimated deterioration degree W_est received from the deterioration estimation unit 150 . Specifically, the deterioration notification unit 160 determines whether or not the estimated deterioration degree W_est is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference deterioration degree x. When the estimated deterioration degree W_est is equal to or greater than a predetermined reference deterioration degree x, the deterioration notification unit 160 causes the user terminal 200 (see FIG. 1) to display a notification screen.
- the user terminal 200 is, for example, a setting monitor or a remote controller provided in an indoor unit of an air conditioner and having a display and buttons.
- the configuration monitor or remote control may have a touch display rather than a display and button combination.
- User terminal 200 is an example of the “display device” of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram explaining the notification screen G according to the first embodiment.
- a notification screen G includes a message M1 for notifying that deterioration has occurred in the equipment in which the electric motor 21 is mounted, and whether or not to start the low-noise pulse operation.
- a sentence M2 asking is included.
- the term "life-prolonging operation" included in the wording M1 expresses the low-noise pulse operation in an easy-to-understand manner for the user.
- deterioration estimation targets are the inverter 43, the main bearing 26 of the compressor 2, and the electric motor 21, but FIG. 11 simply expresses "equipment" and failure targets.
- the user terminal 200 accepts an operation by the user who has confirmed the notification screen G to accept or reject the start of the low-noise pulse operation.
- the user accepts the life-prolonging operation that is, selects “Yes” in FIG.
- the user refuses the life-prolonging operation that is, selects "No” in FIG.
- the user terminal 200 is also used, for example, when the user inputs a set temperature or a set air volume in addition to the above.
- the operation determination unit 170 switches the operation mode.
- the “ON” signal of the signal O_s is sent to the control unit 130 .
- the driving determination unit 170 transmits an “OFF” signal of the driving mode switching signal O_s to the control unit 130 .
- the control unit 130 executes the low-noise pulse operation when the "ON" signal of the operation mode switching signal O_s is input.
- the control unit 130 executes normal operation when the "OFF" signal of the operation mode switching signal O_s is input.
- the operation determination unit 170 determines whether the electric motor 21 is installed in the management terminal 300 (see FIG. 1) or the like provided outside the compressor 2 for management. Display that the equipment has deteriorated. As a result, it is possible to notify the administrator who manages the equipment that the equipment has deteriorated, and to make the administrator prepare for maintenance work.
- the management terminal 300 for management is a dedicated hardware device for managing the compressor 2 or a general-purpose computer.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram for explaining the output voltage in normal operation according to Embodiment 1.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram for explaining the output voltage of the low-noise pulse operation according to Embodiment 1.
- the solid line represents the voltage applied from the inverter 43 to the compressor 2
- the dotted line represents any one phase voltage command value among the three-phase voltage command values Vuvw_ref.
- Vuvw_ref the three-phase voltage command value
- the positive and negative pulse outputs of the output voltage are equivalent to one cycle of the U-phase voltage command value Vu_ref. That is, the pulse waveform of the output voltage repeats positive and negative of the same waveform in each cycle. Therefore, the current supplied to the electric motor 21 is not disturbed, and the compressor 2 operates stably. For this reason, each part of the compressor 2 is prevented from being deteriorated as compared with normal operation.
- the carrier mode ptn is generated so that the frequency ratio between the carrier signal and the output voltage of the inverter 43 gradually decreases as the speed command value ⁇ _ref increases. Therefore, the frequency of the carrier signal decreases as the speed command value ⁇ _ref increases. As the carrier signal becomes smaller, the switching frequency of the inverter 43 is also reduced, thereby reducing the switching loss. Thus, in the low-noise pulse operation, the switching pattern of the inverter 43 is adjusted so that the switching loss is reduced more than in the normal operation.
- the switching loss By reducing the switching loss, the temperature rise of the switching element 43a and the backflow prevention element 43b of the inverter 43 is also suppressed. Therefore, the progress of deterioration of the inverter 43 is suppressed. In addition, since the switching loss is reduced, the switching noise that occurs as a transient phenomenon during switching is also suppressed, so the progression of deterioration in the electric motor 21 and the main bearing 26 is also suppressed.
- FIG. 14 is a flowchart showing the operation of driving determination unit 170 according to the first embodiment.
- the driving determination unit 170 determines whether or not the estimated deterioration degree W_est is equal to or greater than the reference deterioration degree x (step S11).
- the driving determination unit 170 transmits an "OFF" signal of the driving mode switching signal O_s to the control unit 130 (step S16). Thereby, the electric motor 21 performs normal operation.
- step S11 When the estimated deterioration degree W_est is equal to or greater than the reference deterioration degree x (step S11: YES), the operation determination unit 170 notifies the management terminal 300 that the equipment provided with the electric motor 21 is deteriorated (step S12). .
- the operation determination unit 170 determines whether or not the speed command value ⁇ _ref is greater than or equal to the switching speed ⁇ _ref1 (step S13).
- the operation determination unit 170 transmits an "OFF" signal of the operation mode switching signal O_s to the control unit 130 (step S16). Thereby, the electric motor 21 performs normal operation.
- the speed command value ⁇ _ref is greater than or equal to the switching speed ⁇ _ref1 (step S13: YES)
- the operation determination unit 170 determines whether or not the low-noise pulse operation start signal L_s received from the deterioration notification unit 160 is "ON”. (Step S14).
- step S14: NO When the low-noise pulse operation start signal L_s received from the deterioration notification unit 160 is "OFF” (step S14: NO), the operation determination unit 170 transmits the "OFF" signal of the operation mode switching signal O_s to the control unit 130. (Step S16). Thereby, the electric motor 21 performs normal operation.
- step S14: YES When the low-noise pulse operation start signal L_s received from the deterioration notification unit 160 is "ON” (step S14: YES), the operation determination unit 170 transmits the "ON" signal of the operation mode switching signal O_s to the control unit 130. (Step S15). Thereby, the electric motor 21 performs a low noise pulse operation.
- the motor control device 1 of Embodiment 1 performs low-noise pulse operation in which the switching pattern of the inverter 43 is adjusted so that switching loss is reduced compared to normal operation. Therefore, deterioration of the inverter 43 and the electric motor 21 is suppressed. Therefore, in the device in which the electric motor 21 is mounted, unexpected downtime for the user is suppressed until the planned maintenance time.
- the device on which the electric motor 21 is mounted is the compressor 2, deterioration of the bearings of the compressor 2 is suppressed. Therefore, in the compressor 2, it is possible to prevent unexpected downtime for the user until the scheduled maintenance time.
- the electric motor control device 1 controls the electric motor 21 that is operated by electric power supplied from the power source 3 and converted using the power conversion device 4 having the inverter 43. to carry out the control method of Specifically, in the control method of the electric motor 21 of Embodiment 1, first, an estimated degree of deterioration is calculated by estimating the degree of deterioration of the equipment in which the electric motor 21 is mounted or the inverter 43 . Next, the estimated deterioration degree is compared with a predetermined reference deterioration degree, and if the estimated deterioration degree is less than the reference deterioration degree, the operation mode of the electric motor 21 is set to normal operation, If it is higher than that, set to low noise pulse operation.
- the inverter 43 is controlled based on the set operation mode.
- the low-noise pulse operation reduces switching loss more than normal operation. Therefore, deterioration of the inverter 43 and the electric motor 21 is suppressed. Therefore, according to the control method of the electric motor 21 of Embodiment 1, it is possible to suppress the occurrence of unexpected downtime for the user until the planned maintenance time in the equipment in which the electric motor 21 is mounted.
- FIG. 15 is a functional block diagram showing control unit 130 according to the second embodiment. As shown in FIG. 15 , the second embodiment differs from the first embodiment in that the control section 130 of the motor control device 1 has a learning section 141 and an inference section 142 . In the second embodiment, the same reference numerals are assigned to the same parts as in the first embodiment, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the electric motor control device 1 uses so-called artificial intelligence (AI) to control the gate pulse GP transmitted to the inverter 43 by low-noise pulse operation that reduces switching loss compared to asynchronous PWM control. is performed.
- AI artificial intelligence
- a GPU Graphics Processing Unit
- Voltage phase calculator 133 In the second embodiment, unlike the first embodiment, voltage phase calculator 133 does not calculate voltage phase ⁇ v2.
- the gate pulse generation section 136 has an inference section 142 .
- the gate pulse generation unit 136 varies the output gate pulse GP depending on whether the normal operation or the low noise pulse operation is performed based on the operation mode switching signal O_s. In normal operation, the gate pulse GP for performing the asynchronous PWM control described in the first embodiment is output. In the low-noise pulse operation, the gate pulse GP based on the processing performed by the inference section 142 is output. A description of the inference unit 142 will be given later.
- the learning unit 141 uses a supervised learning method to generate a trained model PGF that generates a switching pattern of the gate pulse GP.
- the trained model PGF is a program containing a function that generates switching patterns using parameters adjusted by learning.
- the learned model PGF is generated by the learning unit 141 when the electric motor 21 is operating stably, in other words, when the load and speed fluctuations of the electric motor 21 are small.
- Vuvw_ref the variation of the three-phase voltage command value
- the learned model PGF is generated by the learning unit 141 .
- the learning unit 141 uses, as data for learning, the three-phase voltage command value Vuvw_ref and the switching pattern of the gate pulse GP for a plurality of cycles and adjusted as a data set D_set.
- Control methods used for data set D_set include Model Predictive Control, Low-order Harmonic Elimination, and Optimized Pulse Patterns. All of these control methods reduce the switching loss of the inverter 43 compared to the asynchronous PWM control.
- a switching pattern obtained by reproducing in advance in a simulation environment simulating deterioration of equipment may be used as the data set D_set.
- the data set D_set is stored in the storage unit 180 in advance.
- the switching pattern of the gate pulse GP_tr (t ⁇ 1) generated in the previous period t ⁇ 1 and the three-phase voltage command at an arbitrary period t A plurality of switching patterns of the gate pulse GP_tr(t) generated at an arbitrary period t when the value Vuvw_ref_tr(t) is determined are recorded for each period.
- the learning unit 141 has a data acquisition unit 141a and a model generation unit 141b.
- the data acquisition unit 141a obtains from the data set D_set, the switching pattern of the gate pulse GP_tr(t ⁇ 1) generated in the period t ⁇ 1 before any period, and the three-phase voltage command value Vuvw_ref_tr(t ) as input data.
- the data acquisition unit 141a also acquires the switching pattern of the gate pulse GP_tr(t) generated at an arbitrary period t as a label.
- the data acquisition unit 141a acquires a plurality of teacher data sets including the input data and labels from the data set D_set in which a plurality of switching patterns of the gate pulse GP are recorded for each period.
- the model generation unit 141b generates the switching pattern of the gate pulse GP_tr(t ⁇ 1) generated in the period t ⁇ 1 before the arbitrary period and the three-phase voltage command value Vuvw_ref_tr(t ), in the model that outputs the switching pattern of the gate pulse GP(t), the learning proceeds so that the switching pattern of the gate pulse GP(t) approaches the switching pattern of the gate pulse GP_tr(t) of the teacher data set. .
- the model generation unit 141b performs model learning based on the teacher data sets of a plurality of cycles.
- the model consists of a neural network configured by combining multiple perceptrons, and bias values and weighting factors are set for each perceptron. Bias values and weighting factors are parameters adjusted by learning.
- learning a neural network is provided with a plurality of teacher data, and the bias values and weighting coefficients of each perceptron are adjusted so that the output of the neural network approaches the label.
- Back-propagation or the like is used as a technique for adjusting the bias values and weighting coefficients of the perceptron.
- bypass values and weighting factors are adjusted to reduce the error between the neural network output and the label.
- learning may be performed by so-called deep learning by multilayering the neural network used for learning by the model generation unit 141b.
- the model generation unit 141b uses the learning data including the voltage command value in an arbitrary period and the switching pattern in the period one cycle before the arbitrary period to obtain the switching pattern in the arbitrary period.
- Generate a trained model PGF to infer In other words, the trained model PGF learns the characteristics of the teacher data set, and during control, the switching pattern of the gate pulse GP(t ⁇ 1) determined one cycle earlier and the three-phase voltage command value Vuvw_ref ( t), it outputs the switching pattern of the gate pulse GP(t).
- the learned model PGF is stored in the storage unit 180 .
- the trained model PGF is used by the inference section 142 to generate the gate pulse GP. Note that FIG. 15 does not show the storage unit 180 for the sake of simplification, and shows that the learned model PGF is acquired from the learning unit 141 by the inference unit 142 .
- the inference unit 142 inputs the switching pattern of the gate pulse GP(t ⁇ 1) determined one cycle earlier during control and the three-phase voltage command value Vuvw_ref(t) during control to the learned model PGF. By doing so, the gate pulse GP(t) switching pattern to be output is obtained.
- the data set D_set used for learning is a control pattern in a control method that outputs a gate pulse GP that reduces the switching loss of the inverter 43 compared to asynchronous PWM control. Therefore, the trained model PGF can also output the gate pulse GP that reduces the switching loss of the inverter 43 compared to the asynchronous PWM control.
- the control of the inverter 43 using the learned model PGF which is performed by the gate pulse generation section 138 having the inference section 142, may be referred to as AI switching control.
- the learning unit 141 may construct a plurality of trained models PGF depending on the type of control method used during learning. For example, in addition to the trained model PGF aimed only at reducing switching loss, a trained model PGF that achieves other purposes, such as reducing vibration of the compressor 2, according to the user's request may be constructed. .
- the storage unit 180 stores a pattern table that associates the trained model PGF with an individual number assigned to each trained model PGF.
- the inference unit 142 When a plurality of trained models PGF are constructed, the inference unit 142 generates a type selection command TSC for the trained model PGF and outputs it to the storage unit 180, thereby responding to the type selection command TSC from the storage unit 180. Get the trained model PGF.
- the type selection command TSC includes an individual number assigned to each learned model PGF in the pattern table, and the storage unit 180 can read out the corresponding learned model PGF. Note that FIG. 15 does not show the storage unit 180 for the sake of simplification, and shows that the type selection command TSC is output from the learning unit 141 to the inference unit 142 .
- FIG. 16 is a flow chart showing the operation of the learning unit 141 according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a flow chart showing the operation of the gate pulse generator 136 according to the second embodiment. Note that the processing procedure described below is an example of a learning method by the learning unit 141 . Therefore, each process may be changed as much as possible, and it is possible to omit, replace, and add processes as appropriate according to the embodiment.
- the learning unit 141 determines whether or not to perform learning (step S21).
- step S21 When learning is performed (step S21: YES), the data acquisition unit 141a of the learning unit 141 acquires input data from teacher data (step S22). Subsequently, the data acquisition unit 141a of the learning unit 141 acquires labels from the teacher data (step S23). Then, the model generation unit 141b of the learning unit 141 performs learning with teacher data using the teacher data set composed of these input data and labels, and acquires a trained model PGF (step S24). The learning unit 141 stores the acquired trained model PGF in the storage unit 180 (step S25).
- the gate pulse generator 136 determines whether the operation mode switching signal O_s is "ON” (step S31). When the operation mode switching signal O_s is "OFF” (step S31: NO), the gate pulse generator 136 generates a gate pulse based on asynchronous PWM control (step S32). Then, the gate pulse generator 136 controls the inverter 43 with the gate pulse based on the asynchronous PWM control (step S36), thereby causing the inverter 43 to perform normal operation.
- the gate pulse generation unit 136 acquires the learned model PGF stored in the storage unit 180 (step S33). Subsequently, the gate pulse generator 136 acquires the switching pattern of the gate pulse GP(t ⁇ 1) generated one cycle before the control time, which is input data, and the three-phase voltage command value Vuvw_ref(t) at the control time. (step S34). The gate pulse generator 136 inputs input data to the learned model PGF and generates a gate pulse switching pattern based on AI switching control (step S35). Then, the gate pulse generator 136 controls the inverter 43 with a gate pulse based on AI switching control (step S36), thereby causing the inverter 43 to perform low-noise pulse operation.
- the motor control device 1 of the second embodiment also performs low-noise pulse operation in which the switching pattern of the inverter 43 is adjusted so that the switching loss is reduced compared to the normal operation. Therefore, progress of deterioration of the inverter 43 and the electric motor 21 is suppressed. Therefore, in the device in which the electric motor 21 is mounted, unexpected downtime for the user is suppressed until the planned maintenance time.
- FIG. 18 is a functional block diagram showing control unit 130 according to the third embodiment. As shown in FIG. 18, the third embodiment differs from the second embodiment in the following two points. A first difference is that the motor control device 1 has a state observation section 137 . A second difference is that the learning unit 141 has a reward calculation unit 141c and a function update unit 141d. In the third embodiment, the same parts as those in the first and second embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted, and differences from the first and second embodiments are mainly described.
- the motor control device 1 of the third embodiment performs reinforcement learning in addition to the motor control device 1 of the second embodiment.
- Reinforcement learning is a learning technique that trains an agent to maximize its value in a given environment.
- Q-learning and TD-learning are known.
- the given environment corresponds to the current flowing through the electric motor 21, that is, the state of the compressor 2
- the value corresponds to reduction in switching loss of the inverter 43
- the agent corresponds to the learned model PGF. That is, in Embodiment 3, while controlling the electric motor 21 based on the learned model PGF generated by learning with teacher data, low-noise pulse operation based on the learned model PGF is performed so as to further reduce switching loss. Reinforcement learning is performed repeatedly.
- the gate pulse generator 136 acquires the learned model PGF in the initial state of the motor control device 1 .
- the learned model PGF in the initial state is, for example, the first learned model PGF acquired after the operation of the electric motor 21 is stabilized.
- the gate pulse generation unit 136 supplies the inverter 43 and the state observation unit 137 with the gate pulse GP in the asynchronous PWM control or the gate pulse GP by the learned model PGF in the initial state of the motor control device 1 based on the operation mode switching signal O_s. Send.
- the switching pattern of the gate pulse GP (t ⁇ 1) determined one cycle earlier and the three-phase voltage command value Vuvw_ref(t) during control , outputs the switching pattern of the gate pulse GP(t).
- Outputting the gate pulse GP to the inverter 43 drives the electric motor 21 of the compressor 2 at a speed corresponding to the three-phase voltage command value Vuvw_ref(t).
- the state observation unit 137 counts the number of times of switching Sw_count from the gate pulse GP. Also, the state observation unit 137 acquires the sideband wave strength Sw_level indicating the strength of the sideband wave a of the fundamental frequency fa based on the result of frequency conversion of any one phase of the three-phase alternating current Iuvw.
- the frequency conversion target is the U-phase current Iu here, the frequency conversion target may be a current of another phase.
- FIG. 19 is a spectrum diagram showing the frequency characteristics of the current Iu output to the electric motor 21 during normal operation.
- FIG. 20 is a spectrum diagram showing the frequency characteristics of the current Iu output to the electric motor 21 with advanced deterioration.
- 19 and 20 show the case where the load conditions of the electric motor 21 are the same.
- the vertical axis represents "intensity" of each frequency, and the horizontal axis represents "frequency”.
- the strength of the fundamental frequency fa is higher than the other frequencies even if the electric motor 21 is normal or the deterioration of the electric motor 21 is progressing. Further, the intensity of the fundamental frequency fa when the electric motor 21 is normal and the intensity of the fundamental frequency fa when the deterioration of the electric motor 21 is progressing are equivalent values.
- FIG. 20 as the deterioration of the electric motor 21 progresses, sideband waves a are generated around the fundamental frequency fa. The intensity of the sideband wave a increases as the deterioration of the electric motor 21 progresses.
- the degree of deterioration of the electric motor 21 can be determined from the degree of the sideband wave a centered on the fundamental frequency fa, that is, the sideband wave strength Sw_level.
- the deterioration of the electric motor 21 here means the initial deterioration out of so-called initial deterioration and late deterioration. Late deterioration is an irreversible change.
- the presence or absence of whirling phenomenon changes according to the influence of the load applied to the electric motor 21, so the sideband wave intensity Sw_level is changed.
- the reward calculator 141c determines a reward based on the sideband strength Sw_level calculated by the state observer 137 . Specifically, the reward calculation unit 141c determines whether the sideband wave intensity Sw_level calculated by the state observation unit 137 is within a predetermined value. When determining that the sideband wave intensity Sw_level is within the predetermined value, the remuneration calculation unit 141c increases the amount of change ⁇ 1 set in advance as a remuneration. On the other hand, when determining that the sideband wave intensity Sw_level exceeds the default value, the reward calculation unit 141c reduces the preset amount of change ⁇ 1.
- the reward calculation unit 141c determines a reward based on the switching count Sw_count calculated by the state observation unit 137. Specifically, the reward calculation unit 141c determines whether or not the switching count Sw_count calculated by the state observation unit 137 is smaller than the switching count Sw_count based on the pre-updated learned model PGF. The remuneration calculation unit 141c increases the change amount ⁇ 2 set in advance as a remuneration when the number of switching times Sw_count based on the pre-updated learned model PGF is decreased. Further, when the number of times of switching Sw_count based on the pre-updated learned model PGF is increased, the reward calculation unit 141c reduces the preset amount of change ⁇ 2. Note that the reward based on the number of switching times Sw_count may be determined by comparison with a predetermined specified value.
- the function updating unit 141d updates the value function based on the amount of change ⁇ 1 and the amount of change ⁇ 2 obtained as a reward by the reward calculating unit 141c. Specifically, the weighting factors and biases are adjusted to maximize the variation ⁇ 1 and variation ⁇ 2, thereby reducing the switching times while maintaining the strength of sideband a within a predetermined range.
- the value function is updated as follows. It should be noted that the switching loss is also reduced by reducing the number of times of switching.
- the trained model is then updated based on the updated value function.
- the value function is, for example, one used in known Q-learning. Updating the trained model means that the weighting factors and biases of each perceptron of the neural network that constitutes the trained model are adjusted.
- FIG. 21 is a flow chart showing operations of the learning unit 141 and the state observing unit 137 according to the third embodiment. Note that the processing procedure described below is an example of a learning method by the learning unit 141 . Each processing may be changed as much as possible, and it is possible to omit, replace, and add processing as appropriate.
- the learning unit 141 acquires the learned model PGF in the initial state of the motor control device 1 (step S41). Next, the learning unit 141 determines a switching pattern based on the acquired learned model PGF (step S42), and the state observation unit 137 acquires the intensity of the sideband wave in the current flowing through the electric motor 21 at that time (step S43).
- the reward calculation unit 141c of the learning unit 141 determines whether the intensity of the sideband wave of the current flowing through the electric motor 21 is equal to or greater than a specified value (step S44). If the intensity of the sideband wave of the current flowing through the electric motor 21 is within the specified value (step S44: YES), the remuneration calculator 141c increases the remuneration (step S45). If the intensity of the sideband wave of the current flowing through the electric motor 21 is less than the specified value (step S44: NO), the remuneration calculator 141c reduces the remuneration (step S46).
- the reward calculation unit 141c determines whether or not the switching count for the voltage command is less than the switching count Sw_count based on the pre-updated learned model PGF (step S47). When the number of switching times for the voltage command is less than the number of switching times Sw_count based on the pre-updated learned model PGF (step S47: YES), the reward calculator 141c increases the reward (step S48). When the number of switching times for the voltage command is greater than the number of switching times Sw_count based on the pre-updated learned model PGF (step S47: NO), the reward calculator 141c reduces the reward (step S49).
- the function updating unit 141d of the learning unit 141 updates the learned model PGF based on the reward given based on the intensity of the sideband wave of the current flowing through the electric motor 21 and the reward given based on the number of times of switching with respect to the voltage command. Then, by repeating the processing of S42 to S50, a learned model PGF that generates a switching pattern that further reduces switching loss is obtained.
- the motor control device 1 of Embodiment 3 also performs low-noise pulse operation in which the switching pattern of the inverter 43 is adjusted so that switching loss is reduced compared to the normal operation. . Therefore, progress of deterioration of the inverter 43 and the electric motor 21 is suppressed. Therefore, in the device in which the electric motor 21 is mounted, unexpected downtime for the user is suppressed until the planned maintenance time.
- the learned model generated in Embodiment 2 is updated. Therefore, in the third embodiment, every time the learned model PGF is updated, the switching loss of the inverter 43 can be made even smaller than in the learned model of the second embodiment.
- FIG. 22 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a compressor 2, a power supply 3, and a power conversion device 4 according to Embodiment 4.
- Embodiment 4 differs from Embodiments 1 to 3 in the following three points.
- the first difference is that the deterioration estimation unit 150 transmits the deterioration point W_point to the driving determination unit 170 as shown in FIG. 22 .
- the second difference is that control unit 130 transmits driving time D_time to driving determination unit 170 .
- a third point of difference is that the low-noise pulse operation uses the asynchronous PWM control described in the first embodiment and the control using the AI switching control described in the second and third embodiments.
- the same reference numerals are assigned to the same parts as in the first to third embodiments, and the description thereof is omitted.
- the deterioration estimator 150 identifies the deterioration point W_point based on the result of frequency conversion of the U-phase current Iu, which is one phase of the three-phase alternating current. Although the frequency conversion target is the U-phase current Iu here, the frequency conversion target may be a current of another phase. Deterioration estimating section 150 outputs the identified deterioration point W_point to driving determining section 170 .
- the deterioration point W_point includes information indicating either the electric motor 21 or the inverter 43 .
- FIG. 23 is a spectrum diagram showing the frequency characteristics of the current output to the electric motor 21 with advanced deterioration according to the fourth embodiment.
- the vertical axis represents "intensity" of each frequency
- the horizontal axis represents "frequency”.
- a sideband wave a centering on the fundamental frequency fa is generated.
- a sideband wave b centered around the switching frequency fc is generated.
- the existence of the sideband wave a in the low frequency range indicates that the electric motor 21 has deteriorated. I can judge.
- the sideband wave b in the high frequency region exists, it can be determined that the inverter 43 has deteriorated.
- the deterioration estimating unit 150 sets information indicating either the electric motor 21 or the inverter 43 to the deterioration point W_point based on such a determination method, and outputs the information to the deterioration notifying unit 160 and the control unit 130 .
- the deterioration notification unit 160 causes the user terminal 200 to display a notification screen indicating whether deterioration has occurred in the electric motor 21 or the inverter 43 based on the deterioration point W_point.
- control unit 130 integrates the driving time D_time of the compressor 2 .
- the drive time D_time is obtained by counting the actual drive time of the compressor 2 based on, for example, the gate pulse GP generated by the control unit 130 or the two-phase current Iuv of the three-phase alternating current.
- Control unit 130 outputs driving time D_time to driving determination unit 170 .
- control unit 130 performs normal operation, low-noise pulse operation based on the synchronous PWM control described in Embodiment 1, or low-noise pulse operation based on AI switching control described in Embodiments 2 and 3.
- the operation mode is determined by the operation mode switching signal O_s received from the operation determination unit 170 .
- the operation mode switching signal O_s represents any one of "1" indicating normal operation, "2" indicating low noise pulse operation based on synchronous PWM control, and "3" indicating low noise pulse operation based on AI switching control.
- the operation determination unit 170 sets the operation mode switching signal O_s to either "1", “2” or “3” based on the estimated deterioration degree W_est, the drive time D_time, the low noise pulse operation start signal L_s, and the deterioration point W_point. , and output to the control unit 130 . Specifically, when the following deterioration estimation condition is satisfied and the "ON" signal of the low-noise pulse operation start signal L_s is output, the operation determination unit 170 determines that the operation mode switching signal O_s is "2". Alternatively, it transmits a signal “3” to the control unit 130 .
- the first deterioration estimation condition is when the estimated deterioration degree W_est is equal to or greater than the reference deterioration degree x.
- the second deterioration estimation condition is when the driving time D_time is the reference driving time y.
- the reference driving time y is determined in advance by experiments or the like to such an extent that the time until the compressor 2 whose cumulative driving time is the reference driving time y fails becomes a predetermined time.
- the predetermined time is, for example, a time that is considered sufficient for the user to arrange for repair or the like.
- the operation determination unit 170 transmits a signal of "2" of the operation mode switching signal O_s to the control unit 130 .
- the control unit 130 executes the low-noise pulse operation based on the synchronous PWM control when the operation mode switching signal O_s of "2" is input.
- the operation determination unit 170 transmits the operation mode switching signal O_s of “3” to the control unit 130 .
- the control unit 130 executes the low-noise pulse operation based on the AI switching control when the operation mode switching signal O_s of "3" is input.
- the operation determination unit 170 transmits a signal of "1" as the operation mode switching signal O_s to the control unit 130. do.
- the control unit 130 executes normal operation when a signal of "1" of the operation mode switching signal O_s is input.
- FIG. 24 is a flow chart showing the operation of the driving determination unit 170 according to the fourth embodiment.
- the process procedure demonstrated below is an example of the operation mode determination method. Each processing may be changed as much as possible, and it is possible to omit, replace, and add processing as appropriate.
- the driving determination unit 170 determines whether or not the deterioration estimation condition is satisfied (step S51). If the deterioration estimation condition is not satisfied (step S51: NO), the operation determination unit 170 transmits the "1" signal of the operation mode switching signal O_s indicating normal operation to the control unit 130 (step S52). If the deterioration estimation condition is satisfied (step S51: YES), the operation determination unit 170 notifies the administrator (step S53), and determines whether or not the low-noise pulse operation start signal L_s is "ON”. (step S54). When the low-noise pulse operation start signal L_s is "OFF" (step S54: NO), the operation determination unit 170 transmits the "1" signal of the operation mode switching signal O_s indicating normal operation to the control unit 130 ( step S52).
- step S55 When the low-noise pulse operation start signal L_s is "ON" (step S54: YES), the operation determination unit 170 determines the estimation target indicated by the deterioration point W_point (step S55).
- step S55 When the deteriorated point W_point indicates the electric motor 21 (step S55: “electric motor 21"), a signal of "2" of the operation mode switching signal O_s indicating low noise pulse operation based on synchronous PWM control is transmitted to the control unit 130 ( step S56).
- step S55 indicates the inverter 43 (step S55: "inverter 43")
- a signal of "3" of the operation mode switching signal O_s indicating low noise pulse operation based on AI switching control is transmitted to the control unit 130 ( step S57).
- the electric motor control device 1 of Embodiment 4 also performs low-noise pulse operation in which the switching pattern of the inverter 43 is adjusted so that the switching loss is reduced compared to the normal operation. . Therefore, progress of deterioration of the inverter 43 and the electric motor 21 is suppressed. Therefore, in the device in which the electric motor 21 is mounted, unexpected downtime for the user is suppressed until the planned maintenance time.
- the electric motor control device 1 of Embodiment 4 can determine the deteriorated portion based on the current output to the electric motor 21 . Furthermore, the motor control device 1 of Embodiment 4 switches between low-noise pulse operation based on synchronous PWM control and low-noise pulse operation based on AI switching control for each deterioration point.
- synchronous PWM control determines switching according to the fundamental frequency (driving rotation speed), and is therefore suitable for reducing noise associated with driving the electric motor 21 .
- the AI switching control is suitable for reducing noise related to the inverter 43 because it also takes into consideration the carrier frequency, that is, the sideband wave having a frequency higher than the fundamental frequency (drive rotation speed).
- FIG. 25 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a compressor 2, a power supply 3, and a power conversion device 4 according to Embodiment 5.
- the operation determination unit 170 and the deterioration notification unit 160 are provided outside the control unit 10 including the control unit 130, the deterioration estimation unit 150, the power supply 3, and the power conversion device 4, 4 differs from Embodiments 1 to 4 in that a motor control system 1A that executes the control method for the motor 21 described in Section 4 is configured.
- the same parts as those in the first to fourth embodiments are denoted by the same reference numerals, and descriptions thereof are omitted, and differences from the first to fourth embodiments are mainly described.
- Control unit 10 The control unit 130 and deterioration estimation unit 150 of the motor control device 1, the power source 3, and the power conversion device 4 are installed as the control unit 10 in the control box.
- an air conditioner provided with the compressor 2 is provided in a facility such as a building.
- the control unit 10 is installed outdoors in a facility such as on the roof of a building.
- the deterioration estimation unit 150 of the control unit 10 transmits the estimated deterioration degree W_est to the deterioration notification unit 160 and the driving determination unit 170 .
- the control section 130 of the control unit 10 receives the operation mode switching signal O_s from the operation determination section 170 .
- the deterioration notification unit 160 is configured by software or the like installed in the control device of the management panel 400 as a functional unit of the management panel 400 installed indoors in a facility such as a management room, for example.
- a display and operation buttons are provided on the management panel 400, and the user can confirm and input settings regarding the operation of the air conditioner.
- the management panel 400 may have a touch-type display rather than a combination display and operation buttons.
- the deterioration notification unit 160 communicates with the control unit 10 wirelessly or by wire, and receives the estimated deterioration degree W_est from the deterioration estimation unit 150 of the control unit 10 .
- the deterioration notification unit 160 Based on the received estimated degree of deterioration W_est, the deterioration notification unit 160 causes the display to display a notification screen indicating that deterioration has occurred in the equipment in which the electric motor 21 is mounted.
- the display of management panel 400 is an example of the “display device” of the present disclosure.
- the operation determination unit 170 is realized by software or the like installed in the server device as a functional unit of the server device.
- the driving determination unit 170 communicates with the control unit 10 using the Internet or the like, and receives the estimated deterioration degree W_est from the deterioration estimation unit 150 of the control unit 10 . Further, the operation determination unit 170 transmits an operation mode switching signal O_s to the control unit 10 . Specific operations are the same as those described in the first to fourth embodiments.
- the driving determination unit 170 may be implemented as a functional unit on a cloud server instead of a functional unit on a physical server.
- the motor control system 1A of Embodiment 5 also performs low-noise pulse operation in which the switching pattern of the inverter 43 is adjusted so that the switching loss is reduced compared to the normal operation. . Therefore, progress of deterioration of the inverter 43 and the electric motor 21 is suppressed. Therefore, in the device in which the electric motor 21 is mounted, unexpected downtime for the user is suppressed until the planned maintenance time.
- the notification screen may be displayed on the mobile terminal possessed by the user.
- the deterioration notification unit 160 is implemented by dedicated software installed in the portable terminal owned by the user. In this case, the user can know the deterioration of the inverter 43 and the electric motor 21 even from a remote location. Therefore, it is possible to speed up the maintenance response.
- the display of the mobile terminal corresponds to the “display device” of the present disclosure.
- FIG. 26 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a compressor 2, a power supply 3, and a power converter 4 according to a modification of the first embodiment.
- the power conversion device 4 is provided with a voltage sensor 6 that detects the bus voltage Vdc.
- the deterioration estimator 150 acquires the bus voltage detected by the voltage sensor 6 .
- the deterioration estimator 150 acquires the refrigerant pressure Rp, the refrigerant flow rate Rfr, the ambient temperature Tmp, and the ambient humidity Hud from the pressure sensor 71, the flow rate sensor 72, the temperature sensor 73, and the humidity sensor 74 described in the first embodiment.
- the deterioration estimator 150 may obtain the estimated deterioration degree W_est based on the bus voltage Vdc, the refrigerant pressure Rp, the refrigerant flow rate Rfr, the ambient temperature Tmp, and the ambient humidity Hud. Although illustration is omitted, the same applies not only to the first embodiment but also to the second to fifth embodiments.
- the learned A model PGF may be generated.
- Another purpose is, for example, any one of the driving sound of the compressor 2, vibration, current harmonics, and the voltage applied to the inverter 43.
- current Iuv, bus voltage Vdc, coolant pressure Rp, coolant flow rate Rfr, ambient temperature Tmp, and ambient humidity Hud are used as input data to the learned model PGF.
- the operation determination unit 170 and the deterioration notification unit 160 are provided outside the control unit 10 including the control unit 130, the deterioration estimation unit 150, the power supply 3, and the power conversion device 4. It was called a motor control system 1A.
- the motor control system is not limited to the above-described form, and the deterioration estimating unit 150, the deterioration notifying unit 160, or the operation determining unit may be provided outside the control unit 10 composed of the control unit 130, the power supply 3, and the power conversion device 4. 170 may be provided.
- the deterioration estimating unit 150, the deterioration notifying unit 160, or the driving determination unit 170 is a hardware or CPU different from the motor control device in which the control unit 130 is implemented, or a server device such as a cloud server. It is implemented by software or the like. Further, the features of the motor control device 1 described in the first to fourth embodiments can be combined with the motor control system.
- the operation determination unit 170 may change the content of notification to the management terminal 300 according to the extent to which the estimated degree of deterioration exceeds the standard degree of deterioration.
- the deterioration notification unit 160 may change the notification screen displayed on the display device. For example, as the estimated deterioration degree greatly exceeds the reference deterioration degree, the number of times of notification may be increased or the notification interval may be shortened.
- the wording displayed on the management terminal 300 or the display device may be changed to make the user feel a sense of danger about the deterioration of the equipment in which the electric motor 21 is mounted.
- the learning unit 141 of the control unit 130 acquires learning data including the voltage command value in an arbitrary cycle and the switching pattern in the cycle one cycle before the arbitrary cycle. and the model generation unit 141b that generates a trained model for inferring the switching pattern of the arbitrary cycle using the learning data.
- the data acquisition unit 141 a and the model generation unit 141 b may be omitted from the learning unit 141 .
- the motor control device 1 or the motor control system 1A may have a learned model stored in advance in the storage unit 180 .
- the learned model stored in the storage unit 180 includes the voltage command value in an arbitrary period and the switching pattern in the period one period before the arbitrary period, similarly to those described in the second to fifth embodiments. and is for inferring the switching pattern of the arbitrary period.
- the learned model stored in the storage unit 180 is, for example, learned by a computer provided outside the motor control device 1 or the motor control system 1A.
- 1 Motor control device 1A Motor control system, 2 Compressor, 3 Power supply, 4 Power converter, 5 Current sensor, 6 Voltage sensor, 10 Control unit, 21 Electric motor, 21a Rotor core, 21b Stator core, 22 Suction pipe , 23 main shaft, 24 oil pump, 25 auxiliary bearing, 26 main bearing, 27 compression mechanism, 28 discharge pipe, 41 rectifier circuit, 42 electrolytic capacitor, 43 inverter, 43a switching element, 43b backflow prevention element, 44 wiring, 71 pressure sensor , 72 flow rate sensor, 73 temperature sensor, 74 humidity sensor, 80 bus voltage sensor, 130 control section, 131 vector control section, 132 synchronization pattern selection section, 133 voltage phase calculation section, 134 correction amount calculation section, 135 carrier wave generation section , 136 gate pulse generation unit, 137 state observation unit, 141 learning unit, 141a data acquisition unit, 141b model generation unit, 141c reward calculation unit, 141d function update unit, 142 inference unit, 150 deterioration estimation unit, 160 deterioration notification unit, 170 operation judgment unit,
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Abstract
Description
図1は、実施の形態1に係る圧縮機2、電源3、及び電力変換装置4を示す概略構成図である。図1に示すように、圧縮機2は、電動機21、及び当該電動機21を制御する電動機制御装置1を有する。圧縮機2は、電源3から供給され、電力変換装置4によって変換された電力を用いて電動機21が回転することで、例えば空気調和機等の冷凍サイクル装置に利用される冷媒等の流体を圧縮するものである。以下では、電動機21が圧縮機2に搭載され、圧縮機2が空気調和機に適用された場合を例に説明する。なお、電動機21は他の機器に搭載されるものであってもよいし、圧縮機2は他の装置に適用されるものであってもよい。電源3は、例えばU相、V相、W相を有する商用の三相交流電源である。電動機21は、例えばU相、V相、W相を有する三相の永久磁石型同期電動機である。電力変換装置4には、電源3、及び負荷である電動機21が接続されている。
図2は、実施の形態1に係るインバータ43を示す回路図である。図2に示すように、インバータ43は、上下一対で各相に対応して設置された6個のスイッチング素子43aと、各スイッチング素子43aに並列に設けられた6個の逆流防止素子43bとを有する。インバータ43は、制御部130から生成されるゲートパルスGPに応じて、直流電圧を三相の交流電圧に変換した電力を、圧縮機2の電動機21に供給する。
図3は、実施の形態1に係る圧縮機2を示す概略構成図である。図3では、圧縮機2を上下方向に切断した断面図を示している。図3に示すように、圧縮機2は、電動機21、吸入管22、主軸23、オイルポンプ24、副軸受25、主軸受26、圧縮機構27、及び吐出管28を有している。圧縮機2は、冷媒配管(図示せず)によって、凝縮器(図示せず)、膨張弁(図示せず)、及び蒸発器(図示せず)等と接続される。
図1に戻り、電動機制御装置1の制御部130について説明する。制御部130は、電流Iuv、速度指令値ω_ref、及び運転モード切替信号O_sに基づいて、インバータ43にゲートパルスGPを出力する。電流Iuvは、電流センサ5が検出した配線44aを流れる電流である。速度指令値ω_refは、圧縮機2の負荷状態に応じた電動機21の回転速度の指令値である。速度指令値ω_refは、空気調和機における圧縮機2の運転状態又はユーザからの操作指示等に基づいて総合的に求められる。運転モード切替信号O_sは、運転判断部170から受信したものであり、「ON」又は「OFF」の何れかを示す信号であり、電動機21の運転モードの種別を示している。
図1に戻り、電動機制御装置1の劣化推定部150について説明する。劣化推定部150は、三相交流の内の2相の電流Iuvに基づいて、圧縮機2の故障の要因となる、インバータ43、圧縮機2の主軸受26、及び電動機21の推定される劣化の程度を示す推定劣化度W_estを求める。なお、圧縮機2の故障の要因となる、インバータ43、圧縮機2の主軸受26、及び電動機21を推定対象と呼称する。もっとも、インバータ43、圧縮機2の主軸受26、及び電動機21の何れか1つ又は2つを推定対象としてもよい。
劣化通知部160は、劣化推定部150から受信した推定劣化度W_estに応じて、電動機21が搭載された機器に劣化が発生していることを示す通知画面をユーザ端末200に表示させる。具体的に、劣化通知部160は、推定劣化度W_estが予め定められた基準劣化度x以上であるか否かを判定する。推定劣化度W_estが予め定められた基準劣化度x以上である場合は、劣化通知部160は、ユーザ端末200(図1参照)に通知画面を表示させる。ユーザ端末200は、例えば、空気調和機の室内機に設けられ、ディスプレイ及びボタンを有する設定モニタ又はリモコン等である。設定モニタ又はリモコンは、ディスプレイ及びボタンの組み合わせではなく、タッチ式のディスプレイを有していてもよい。ユーザ端末200は、本開示の「表示装置」の一例である。
運転判断部170は、推定劣化度W_estが基準劣化度x以上、且つ速度指令値ω_refが切替速度ω_ref1以上、且つ低ノイズパルス運転開始信号L_sの「ON」が出力されている場合、運転モード切替信号O_sの「ON」信号を制御部130に送信する。運転判断部170は、上記の条件に該当しない場合、運転モード切替信号O_sの「OFF」信号を制御部130に送信する。制御部130は、運転モード切替信号O_sの「ON」信号が入力されることで低ノイズパルス運転を実行させる。また、制御部130は、運転モード切替信号O_sの「OFF」信号が入力されることで通常運転を実行させる。
図15は、実施の形態2に係る制御部130を示す機能ブロック図である。図15に示すように、実施の形態2は、電動機制御装置1の制御部130が学習部141及び推論部142を有する点で実施の形態1と相違する。実施の形態2では、実施の形態1と同一の部分は同一の符合を付して説明を省略し、実施の形態1との相違点を中心に説明する。
実施の形態2では、電圧位相演算部133は、実施の形態1と異なり、電圧位相θv2を算出しない。
ゲートパルス生成部136は、推論部142を有している。ゲートパルス生成部136は、運転モード切替信号O_sに基づき、通常運転、又は低ノイズパルス運転の何れの運転モードを行うかによって、出力するゲートパルスGPを異ならせる。通常運転では、実施の形態1で説明した非同期PWM制御を行うゲートパルスGPを出力する。低ノイズパルス運転では、推論部142の行う処理に基づくゲートパルスGPを出力する。推論部142についての説明は後述する。
学習部141は、教師あり学習の手法を用いて、ゲートパルスGPのスイッチングパターンを生成する学習済みモデルPGFを生成するものである。学習済みモデルPGFは、学習によって調整されたパラメータを用いてスイッチングパターンを生成する関数が含まれたプログラムである。学習部141による学習済みモデルPGFの生成は、電動機21が安定して動作しているとき、換言すると、電動機21の負荷及び速度の変動が小さいときに行われる。ここでは、三相電圧指令値Vuvw_refの変動が所定の値以内であれば、電動機21の負荷及び速度の変動が小さいとして、学習部141による学習済みモデルPGFの生成が行われるものとして説明する。
推論部142は、学習済みモデルPGFに対して、制御時において、1周期前に決定したゲートパルスGP(t-1)のスイッチングパターン、及び制御時の三相電圧指令値Vuvw_ref(t)を入力することで、出力すべきゲートパルスGP(t)スイッチングパターンを求める。
図18は、実施の形態3に係る制御部130を示す機能ブロック図である。図18に示すように、実施の形態3は、次の2点で実施の形態2と相違する。1つ目の相違点は、電動機制御装置1が状態観測部137を有する点である。2つ目の相違点は、学習部141が報酬計算部141c及び関数更新部141dを有する点である。実施の形態3では、実施の形態1及び2と同一の部分は同一の符合を付して説明を省略し、実施の形態1及び2との相違点を中心に説明する。
ゲートパルス生成部136は、電動機制御装置1の初期状態における学習済みモデルPGFを取得する。初期状態における学習済みモデルPGFとは、例えば電動機21の動作が安定してから最初に取得された学習済みモデルPGFである。
状態観測部137は、ゲートパルスGPからスイッチング回数Sw_countをカウントする。また、状態観測部137は、三相交流電流Iuvwの何れか一相の電流を周波数変換した結果に基づいて、基本周波数faの側帯波aの強度を示す側帯波強度Sw_levelを取得する。なお、ここでは周波数変換の対象がU相電流Iuである場合を例にしたが、周波数変換の対象は他の相の電流であってもよい。
報酬計算部141cは、状態観測部137で演算した側帯波強度Sw_levelに基づいて、報酬を決定する。具体的に、報酬計算部141cは、状態観測部137で演算した側帯波強度Sw_levelが既定値以内かどうかを判定する。報酬計算部141cは、側帯波強度Sw_levelが既定値以内であると判定した場合、報酬として予め設定した変化量Δ1を増やす。一方、報酬計算部141cは、側帯波強度Sw_levelが既定値を超えると判定した場合、予め設定した変化量Δ1を減らす。
関数更新部141dは、報酬計算部141cで報酬として得られた変化量Δ1及び変化量Δ2に基づいて、価値関数を更新する。具体的に、重み付け係数及びバイアスは、変化量Δ1及び変化量Δ2の最大化を図って調整され、これにより、側帯波aの強度を既定値の範囲内に維持しながら、スイッチング回数が小さくなるように価値関数が更新される。なお、スイッチング回数が小さくなることで、スイッチング損失も低減される。そして、学習済みモデルは更新された価値関数に基づいて更新される。価値関数は、例えば、公知のQ学習で用いられるものである。学習済みモデルの更新とは、学習済みモデルを構成するニューラルネットワークの各パーセプトロンの重み付け係数及びバイアスが調整されることを意味する。
図22は、実施の形態4に係る圧縮機2、電源3、及び電力変換装置4を示す概略構成図である。実施の形態4は、次の3点で実施の形態1~3と相違する。1つ目の相違点は、図22に示すように、劣化推定部150が劣化箇所W_pointを運転判断部170に送信する点である。2つ目の相違点は、制御部130が駆動時間D_timeを運転判断部170に送信する点である。3つ目の相違点は、低ノイズパルス運転として、実施の形態1で説明した非同期PWM制御と、実施の形態2及び3で説明したAIスイッチング制御を用いた制御とを使い分ける点である。実施の形態4では、実施の形態1~3と同一の部分は同一の符合を付して説明を省略し、実施の形態1~3との相違点を中心に説明する。
劣化推定部150は、三相交流電流の一相であるU相電流Iuを周波数変換した結果に基づいて、劣化箇所W_pointを特定する。なお、ここでは周波数変換の対象がU相電流Iuである場合を例にしたが、周波数変換の対象は他の相の電流であってもよい。劣化推定部150は、特定された劣化箇所W_pointを、運転判断部170に出力する。劣化箇所W_pointには、電動機21又はインバータ43の何れかを示す情報が含まれる。
劣化通知部160は、劣化箇所W_pointに基づいて、電動機21又はインバータ43の何れかに劣化が生じているかを示した通知画面を、ユーザ端末200に表示させる。
制御部130は、圧縮機2の駆動時間D_timeを積算する。駆動時間D_timeは、例えば、制御部130で生成したゲートパルスGP、又は三相交流の内の2相の電流Iuv等に基づいて、圧縮機2の実際の駆動時間をカウントすることで得られる。制御部130は、駆動時間D_timeを運転判断部170に出力する。
運転判断部170は、推定劣化度W_est、駆動時間D_time、低ノイズパルス運転開始信号L_s、及び劣化箇所W_pointに基づいて、運転モード切替信号O_sを「1」「2」又は「3」の何れかに切り替えて、制御部130に出力する。具体的に、運転判断部170は、次の劣化推定条件が満たされ、且つ低ノイズパルス運転開始信号L_sの「ON」信号が出力されている場合、運転モード切替信号O_sの「2」の信号又は「3」の信号を制御部130に送信する。劣化推定条件の1つ目は、推定劣化度W_estが基準劣化度x以上の場合である。劣化推定条件の2つ目は、駆動時間D_timeが基準駆動時間yの場合である。基準駆動時間yは、予め実験等によって、累計の駆動時間が基準駆動時間yである圧縮機2が故障に至るまでの時間が、所定の時間となる程度に定められている。所定の時間とは、例えば、ユーザが修理の手配等を行うのに十分と考えられる時間である。運転判断部170は、劣化推定条件が満たされた場合、低ノイズパルス運転開始信号L_sによらず、管理者に通知を行う。
図25は、実施の形態5に係る圧縮機2、電源3、及び電力変換装置4を示す概略構成図である。実施の形態5は、運転判断部170及び劣化通知部160が、制御部130及び劣化推定部150、電源3、並びに電力変換装置4からなる制御ユニット10の外部に設けられ、実施の形態1~4で説明した電動機21の制御方法を実行する電動機制御システム1Aが構成されている点で実施の形態1~4と相違する。実施の形態5では、実施の形態1~4と同一の部分は同一の符合を付して説明を省略し、実施の形態1~4との相違点を中心に説明する。
電動機制御装置1の制御部130及び劣化推定部150、電源3、並びに電力変換装置4は、制御ユニット10として制御箱内に設置される。実施の形態5では、圧縮機2が設けられる空気調和機がビル等の施設に設けられているものとして説明する。制御ユニット10は、ビルの屋上等の施設の屋外に設置されている。制御ユニット10の劣化推定部150は、推定劣化度W_estを劣化通知部160及び運転判断部170に送信する。また、制御ユニット10の制御部130は、運転モード切替信号O_sを運転判断部170から受信する。
劣化通知部160は、例えば、管理ルーム等の施設の屋内に設置された管理パネル400の一機能部として、管理パネル400の制御装置にインストールされたソフトウェア等によって構成されている。管理パネル400にはディスプレイ及び操作ボタンが設けられ、ユーザは空気調和機の動作についての設定の確認及び入力を行うことができる。管理パネル400は、ディスプレイ及び操作ボタンの組み合わせではなく、タッチ式のディスプレイを有していてもよい。劣化通知部160は、制御ユニット10と無線又は有線で通信を行い、制御ユニット10の劣化推定部150から推定劣化度W_estを受信する。劣化通知部160は、受信した推定劣化度W_estに基づいて、電動機21が搭載された機器に劣化が発生していることを示す通知画面をディスプレイに表示させる。管理パネル400のディスプレイは、本開示の「表示装置」の一例である。
運転判断部170は、サーバ装置の一機能部として、サーバ装置にインストールされたソフトウェア等によって実現される。運転判断部170は、制御ユニット10とインターネット等を利用した通信を行い、制御ユニット10の劣化推定部150からの推定劣化度W_estを受信する。また、運転判断部170は、制御ユニット10に運転モード切替信号O_sを送信する。具体的な動作は、実施の形態1~4で説明したもので同様である。なお、運転判断部170は、物理サーバ上の機能部ではなく、クラウドサーバ上の機能部として実現されてもよい。
Claims (16)
- 電源から供給され、インバータを有する電力変換装置を用いて変換された電力によって動作する電動機を制御する電動機制御装置であって、
前記電動機が搭載された機器、又は前記インバータの劣化の程度を推定した推定劣化度を算出する劣化推定部と、
前記推定劣化度と予め定められた基準劣化度とを比較し、前記電動機の運転モードを、前記推定劣化度が前記基準劣化度未満である場合は通常運転に設定し、前記推定劣化度が前記基準劣化度以上である場合は低ノイズパルス運転に設定する運転判断部と、
前記運転モードに基づいて、前記インバータを制御する制御部と、を備え、
前記低ノイズパルス運転は、
前記通常運転よりもスイッチング損失を低減させるものである
電動機制御装置。 - 前記制御部は、前記インバータの出力電圧を指令する1周期分の電圧指令値に対するスイッチング状態の組み合わせであるスイッチングパターンを変更することで、前記インバータを制御し、
前記低ノイズパルス運転は、
前記スイッチングパターンを調整するものである
請求項1に記載の電動機制御装置。 - 前記制御部は、キャリア信号の周波数が前記インバータの出力電圧の周波数の整数倍になる同期PWM制御に基づく前記低ノイズパルス運転を行い、
前記同期PWM制御では、前記電動機に対する回転速度を指令する速度指令値が大きいほど、スイッチング回数を減少させる
請求項2に記載の電動機制御装置。 - 前記制御部は、
任意の周期における前記電圧指令値と、当該任意の周期の1周期前の周期の前記スイッチングパターンとを含む学習用データを取得するデータ取得部と、
前記学習用データを用いて、当該任意の周期の前記スイッチングパターンを推論するための学習済みモデルを生成するモデル生成部と、を備える
請求項2又は3に記載の電動機制御装置。 - 任意の周期における前記電圧指令値と、当該任意の周期の1周期前の周期の前記スイッチングパターンとを含む学習用データを用いて生成され、当該任意の周期の前記スイッチングパターンを推論するための学習済みモデルが記憶された記憶部を更に備える
請求項2又は3に記載の電動機制御装置。 - 前記制御部は、
前記学習済みモデルに基づいて、制御時点における1周期前に生成した前記スイッチングパターンと、当該制御時点における前記電圧指令値とを入力に、当該制御時点の前記スイッチングパターンを生成するゲートパルス生成部と、を備える
請求項4又は5に記載の電動機制御装置。 - 前記学習済みモデルは、スイッチング損失を前記通常運転よりも低減させる調整において、さらに、前記電動機が搭載された前記機器の駆動音、振動、電流高調波、及び前記インバータに印加される電圧の内、少なくとも1つが前記通常運転よりも低減するように調整された前記スイッチングパターンを決定する
請求項4~6の何れか1項に記載の電動機制御装置。 - 前記制御部は、
前記電動機に流れる電流の基本周波数を中心とした側帯波の強度、又は前記インバータのスイッチング回数に基づいて報酬を計算する報酬計算部と、
前記報酬計算部から入力された前記報酬に基づいて前記学習済みモデルを更新する関数更新部と、を備える
請求項4~7の何れか1項に記載の電動機制御装置。 - 前記報酬計算部は、前記スイッチングパターンにおいて、前記スイッチング回数が更新前の前記学習済みモデルに基づく前記スイッチングパターンよりも減少した場合に前記報酬を増やし、前記スイッチング回数が更新前の前記学習済みモデルに基づく前記スイッチングパターンよりも増加した場合に前記報酬を減らす
請求項8に記載の電動機制御装置。 - 前記報酬計算部は、前記スイッチングパターンにおいて、前記側帯波の強度が既定値以下の場合に前記報酬を増やし、前記側帯波の強度が既定値を超えた場合に前記報酬を減らす
請求項8又は9に記載の電動機制御装置。 - 前記劣化推定部は、
前記インバータから前記電動機が搭載された前記機器の間に流れる電流に基づいて、前記推定劣化度を算出する
請求項1~10の何れか1項に記載の電動機制御装置。 - 前記推定劣化度が前記基準劣化度に達した場合、又は前記電動機が搭載された前記機器の駆動時間が予め定められた基準駆動時間に達した場合、前記電動機が搭載された前記機器に劣化が発生していることが示された通知画面を、表示装置に表示させる劣化通知部を更に備え、
前記運転判断部は、前記劣化通知部から受信した、前記低ノイズパルス運転の開始についてのユーザの諾否に対応する低ノイズパルス運転開始信号に基づいて、前記低ノイズパルス運転を設定する
請求項1~11の何れか1項に記載の電動機制御装置。 - 前記劣化推定部は、
前記インバータから前記電動機が搭載された前記機器の間に流れる電流に基づいて、前記電動機又は前記インバータの何れが劣化しているかを示す劣化箇所を推定し、
前記劣化通知部は、前記劣化箇所を前記表示装置に表示させる
請求項12に記載の電動機制御装置。 - 前記劣化推定部は、
前記インバータから前記電動機が搭載された前記機器の間に流れる電流に基づいて、前記電動機又は前記インバータの何れが劣化しているかを示す劣化箇所を推定し、
前記運転判断部は、前記劣化箇所に基づき、前記運転モードを、前記同期PWM制御に基づく前記低ノイズパルス運転、又は前記学習済みモデルを利用したAIスイッチング制御に基づく前記低ノイズパルス運転に設定する
請求項3に従属する請求項4又は5に記載の電動機制御装置。 - 電源から供給され、インバータを有する電力変換装置を用いて変換された電力によって動作する電動機を制御する電動機制御システムであって、
前記電動機が搭載された機器、又は前記インバータの劣化の程度を推定した推定劣化度を算出する劣化推定部と、
前記推定劣化度と予め定められた基準劣化度とを比較し、前記電動機の運転モードを、前記推定劣化度が前記基準劣化度未満である場合は通常運転に設定し、前記推定劣化度が前記基準劣化度以上である場合は低ノイズパルス運転に設定する運転判断部と、
前記運転モードに基づいて、前記インバータを制御する制御部と、を備え、
前記低ノイズパルス運転は、
前記通常運転よりもスイッチング損失を低減させるものである
電動機制御システム。 - 電源から供給され、インバータを有する電力変換装置を用いて変換された電力によって動作する電動機を制御する、電動機の制御方法であって、
前記電動機の制御方法は、
前記電動機が搭載された機器、又は前記インバータの劣化の程度を推定した推定劣化度を算出し、
前記推定劣化度と予め定められた基準劣化度とを比較し、前記電動機の運転モードを、前記推定劣化度が前記基準劣化度未満である場合は通常運転に設定し、前記推定劣化度が前記基準劣化度以上である場合は低ノイズパルス運転に設定し、
前記運転モードに基づいて、前記インバータを制御するものであり、
前記低ノイズパルス運転は、
前記通常運転よりもスイッチング損失を低減させるものである
電動機の制御方法。
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| JP2025533917A (ja) * | 2023-07-25 | 2025-10-09 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 学習ベースの周波数変調搬送波を用いたパルス幅変調(pwm)インバータにおける電磁干渉(emi)軽減 |
| WO2026013759A1 (ja) * | 2024-07-09 | 2026-01-15 | 三菱電機株式会社 | インバータ装置、冷凍サイクル装置およびインバータ制御方法 |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2025533917A (ja) * | 2023-07-25 | 2025-10-09 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 学習ベースの周波数変調搬送波を用いたパルス幅変調(pwm)インバータにおける電磁干渉(emi)軽減 |
| WO2025088686A1 (ja) * | 2023-10-24 | 2025-05-01 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 劣化診断装置、劣化診断システム、劣化推定学習装置および劣化診断方法 |
| WO2026013759A1 (ja) * | 2024-07-09 | 2026-01-15 | 三菱電機株式会社 | インバータ装置、冷凍サイクル装置およびインバータ制御方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4439971A4 (en) | 2024-12-25 |
| JPWO2023089805A1 (ja) | 2023-05-25 |
| JP7675842B2 (ja) | 2025-05-13 |
| EP4439971A1 (en) | 2024-10-02 |
| US20240388237A1 (en) | 2024-11-21 |
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